`
`Third Edition
`
`NEIL SCLATER
`NICHOLAS P. CHIRONIS
`
`$‘fi
`
`0 2 mm
`
`<5?—
`
`03$“ " Wm‘x
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`JUL
`
`
`OOIIIVM: {3 t1; 2'ij 51»
`1L“ :w "i‘:“'-:%: c we
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`
`McGraW-Hill
`New York - Chicago - San Francisco - Lisbon 0 London 0 Madrid
`Mexico City - Milan - New Delhi 0 San Juan 0 Seoul
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`
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`.
`Sclater, Neil.
`Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook / Neil Sclater, Nicholas P. Chiroms.—
`3rd ed.
`cm.
`p.
`Rev. ed of: Mechanisms & mechanical devices sourcebook / [edited by] Nicholas P.
`Chironis, Neil Sclater. 2nd ed. 1996.
`.
`ISBN 0-07—136169—3
`1. Mechanical movements. 1. Chironis, Nicholas P. II. Mechanisms & mechanical
`devices sourcebook. III. Title.
`
`TIl81.S28
`621 .8—de21
`
`2001
`
`2001030297
`
`McGraw-Hill
`A Division ofTheMchw-Hill Companies
`
`:2
`
`Copyright © 2001, 1996, 1991 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
`reserved, Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United
`States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distrib—
`uted in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890 KGP/KGP 07654321
`
`ISBN U-D7-1312lb'31-3
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Larry S. Hager and the production supervisor
`was Pamela A. Pelton. It was set in Times Roman by TopDesk Publishers’ Group.
`
`Printed and bound by Quebeeor/Kingsport.
`
`McGraw—Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and
`sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information,
`please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, MeGraw-Hill,
`Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore.
`
`This book is printed on acid—free paper.
`
`Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill
`Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed to be reliable. However,
`neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any
`information published herein and neither McGraw—Hill nor its authors shall be
`responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this informa-
`tion. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its
`authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or
`other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appro-
`
`priate professional should be sought.
`
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`
`
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`
`
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`
`
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`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`PREFACE
`
`ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
`
`CHAPTER 1 MOTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
`
`Motion Control Systems Overview
`Glossary of Motion Control Terms
`High-Speed Gearheads Improve Small Servo Performance
`Modular Single—Axis Motion Systems
`Mechanical Components Form Specialized Motion—Control Systems
`Servomotors, Stepper Motors, and Actuators for Motion Control
`Servosystem Feedback Sensors
`Solenoids and Their Applications
`
`CHAPTER 2 ROBOT MECHANISMS
`
`Industrial Robots
`FANUC Robot Specifications
`Mechanism for Planar Manipulation With Simplified Kinematics
`Tool—Changing Mechanism for Robot
`Piezoelectric Motor in Robot Finger Joint
`Six—Degree—of—Freedom Parallel Minimanipulator
`Self—Reconfigurable, Two-Arm Manipulator With Bracing
`Improved Roller and Gear Drives for Robots and Vehicles
`
`All-Terrain Vehicle With Self-Righting and Pose Control
`
`CHAPTER 3 PARTS-HANDLING MECHANISMS
`
`Mechanisms That Sort, Feed, or Weigh
`Cutting Mechanisms
`Flipping Mechanisms
`Vibrating Mechanism
`Seven Basic Parts Selectors
`Eleven Parts-Handling Mechanisms
`Seven Automatic—Feed Mechanisms
`
`Seven Linkages for Transport Mechanisms
`Conveyor Systems for Production Machines
`Traversing Mechanisms for Winding Machines
`Vacuum Pickup Positions Pills
`Machine Applies Labels from Stacks or Rollers
`High-Speed Machines for Adhesive Applications
`Automatic Stopping Mechanisms for Faulty Machine Operation
`Electrical Automatic Stopping Mechanisms
`Automatic Safety Mechanisms for Operating Machines
`
`CHAPTER 4 RECIPROCATING AND GENERAL-PURPOSE
`M ECHANISM
`
`Gears and Eccentric Disk Combine in Quick Indexing
`Timung Belts, Four-Bar Linkage Team Up for Smooth Indexing
`Modified Ratchet Drive
`
`Odd Shapes in Planetary Give Smooth Stop and Go
`Cycloid Gear Mechanism Controls Stroke of Pump
`Converting Rotary-to-Linear Motion
`New Star Wheels Challenge Geneva Drives for Indexing
`
`
`
`xiii
`
`xv
`
`1
`
`2
`9
`10
`12
`13
`14
`22
`29
`
`33
`
`34
`38
`43
`44
`45
`46
`47
`48
`
`49
`
`51
`
`52
`56
`58
`58
`59
`60
`62
`
`65
`68
`73
`75
`75
`76
`82
`88
`90
`
`93
`
`94
`95
`96
`
`97
`99
`100
`100
`
`vii
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`Geneva Mechanisms
`Modified Geneva Drives
`
`Indexing and Intermittent Mechanisms
`Rotary-to—Reciprocating Motion and Dwell Mechanisms
`Friction Devices for Intermittent Rotary Motion
`No Teeth on These Ratchets
`
`Cam—Controlled Planetary Gear System
`
`CHAPTER 5
`
`SPECIAL-PURPOSE MECHANISMS
`
`Nine Different Ball Slides for Linear Motion
`
`Ball-Bearing Screws Convert Rotary to Linear Motion
`Three-Point Gear/Leadscrew Positioning
`
`Unique Linkage Produces Precise Straight-Line Motion
`Twelve Expanding and Contracting Devices
`Five Linkages for Straight-Line Motion
`Linkage Ratios for Straight-Line Mechanisms
`Linkages for Other Motions
`Five Cardan—Gear Mechanisms
`
`Ten Ways to Change Straight—Line Direction
`Nine More Ways to Change Straight—Line Direction
`Linkages for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes
`Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions
`Parallel—Link Mechanisms
`
`Stroke Multiplier
`Force and Stroke Multipliers
`Stroke-Amplifying Mechanisms
`Adjustable-Stroke Mechanisms
`Adjustable-Output Mechanisms
`Reversing Mechanisms
`Computing Mechanisms
`Eighteen Variations of Differential Linkage
`Space Mechanisms
`Seven Popular Types of Three—Dimensional Drives
`Inehwomi Actuator
`
`CHAPTER 6
`
`SPRING, BELLOW, FLEXURE, SCREW, AND
`BALL DEVICES
`
`Flat Springs in Mechanisms
`Pop-Up Springs Get New Backbone
`Twelve Ways to Put Springs to Work
`Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-Torque Drives
`Spring Motors and Typical Associated Mechanisms
`Flexures Accurately Support Pivoting Mechanisms and Instruments
`Taut Bands and Leadscrew Provide Accurate Rotary Motion
`Air Spring Mechanisms
`Obtaining Variable Rates from Springs
`Belleville Springs
`Spring—Type Linkage for Vibration Control
`Twenty Screw Devices
`Ten Ways to Employ Screw Mechanisms
`Seven Special Screw Arrangements
`Fourteen Adjusting Devices
`
`Linear Roller Bearings Are Suited for High—Load, Heavy—Duty Tasks
`
`CHAPTER 7
`
`CAM,TOGGLE, CHAIN, AND BELT MECHANISMS
`Cam Basics
`
`Cam-Curve Generating Mechanisms
`
`WH
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`103
`106
`108
`116
`122
`124
`125
`
`1W
`
`128
`130
`131
`132
`134
`136
`138
`139
`140
`142
`144
`146
`148
`150
`150
`152
`154
`155
`156
`158
`159
`163
`I65
`167
`172
`
`1n
`
`174
`176
`I77
`179
`181
`183
`185
`186
`188
`I89
`190
`I91
`194
`195
`196
`I97
`
`1%
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`200
`201
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`Fifteen Ideas for Cam Mechanisms
`Special—Function Cams
`Cam Drives for Machine Tools
`Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms
`Sixteen Latch, Toggle, and Trigger Devices
`Six Snap-Action Mechanisms
`Eight Snap—Action Devices
`
`Applications of the Differential Winch to Control Systems
`Six Applications for mechanical Power Amplifiers
`Variable-Speed Belt and Chain Drives
`Getting in Step With Hybrid Belts
`Change Center Distance Without Affecting Speed Ratio
`Motor Mount Pivots for Controlled Tension
`Bushed Roller Chains and Their Adaptations
`
`Six Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain
`Six More Jobs for Roller Chain
`Mechanisms for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives
`Smoother Drive Without Gears
`
`CHAPTER 8 GEARED SYSTEMS AND VARIABLE-SPEED
`MECHANISMS
`Gears and Gearing
`
`Nutating-Plate Drive
`Cone Drive Needs No Gears or Pulleys
`Variable-Speed Mechanical Drives
`Unidirectional Drive
`More Variable-Speed Drives
`Variable-Speed Friction Drives
`Variable—Speed Drives and Transmissions
`
`Precision Ball Bearings Replace Gears in Tiny Speed Reducers
`Multifunction Flywheel Snloothes Friction in Tape Cassette Drive
`Controlled Differential Drives
`Twin—Motor Planetary Gears Provide Safety Plus Dual-Speed
`Harmonic—Drive Speed Reducers
`Flexible Face—Gears Make Efficient High-Reduction Drives
`Compact Rotary Sequencer
`Planetary Gear Systems
`Noncircular Gears
`Sheet—Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms, and Ratchets
`How to Prevent Reverse Rotation
`Gear—Shift Arrangements
`Shifting Mechanisms for Gears and Clutches
`Fine-Focus Adjustments
`Ratchet—Tooth Speed-Change Drive
`Twinworm Gear Drive
`
`Compliant Gearing for Redundant Torque Drive
`Lighter, More—Efficient Helicopter Transmissions
`Worm Gear With Hydrostatic Engagement
`Straddle Design of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears
`
`‘
`
`f,
`:
`?
`:
`
`;
`1
`
`3
`
`i
`I
`
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`jg
`g
`"
`
`207
`209
`210
`211
`213
`215
`217
`
`219
`221
`224
`227
`231
`231
`232
`
`234
`236
`238
`240
`
`241
`242
`
`243
`244
`245
`253
`254
`256
`258
`
`260
`261
`262
`263
`263
`266
`267
`268
`275
`279
`281
`282
`284
`286
`287
`287
`
`289
`290
`290
`292
`
`CHAPTER 9 COUPLING, CLUTCHING, AND BRAKING DEVICES
`
`293
`
`Coupling of Parallel Shafts
`Novel Linkage Couples Offset Shafts
`Disk—and—Link Coupling Simplifies Transmissions
`Interlocking Space—Frames Flex as They Transmit Shaft Torque
`Off—Center Pins Cancel Misalignment of Shafts
`Hinged Links and Torsion Bushings Give Drives :1 Soft Start
`
`294
`295
`296
`297
`299
`300
`
`ix
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`Universal Joint Relays Power 450 at Constant Speeds
`Basic Mechanical Clutches
`
`Spring-Wrapped Slip Clutches
`Controlled—Slip Concept Adds New Uses for Spring Clutches
`Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch
`Slip and Bidirectional Clutches Combine to Control Torque
`Walking Pressure Plate Delivers Constant Torque
`Conical-Rotor Motor Provides Instant Clutching or Braking
`Fast-Reversal Reel Drive
`
`Seven Overrunning Clutches
`Spring—Loaded Pins aid Sprags in One-Way Clutch
`Roller—Type Clutch
`One-Way Output From Speed Reducers
`Springs, Shuttle Pinion, and Sliding Ball Perform in One-Way Drives
`Details of Overriding Clutches
`Ten Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches
`Applications for Sprag-Type Clutches
`Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service
`Mechanisms for Station Clutches
`
`Twelve Applications for Electromagnetic Clutches and Brakes
`Trip Roller Clutch
`Geared Electromechanical Rotary Joint
`Ten Universal Shaft Couplings
`Methods for Coupling Rotating Shafts
`Linkages for Band Clutches and Brakes
`Special Coupling Mechanisms
`Link Coupling Mechanisms
`
`CHAPTER 10
`
`TORQUE-LIMITING, TENSIONING, AND
`GOVERNING DEVICES
`
`Caliper Brakes Help Maintain Proper Tension in Press Feed
`Sensors Aid Clutch/Brakes
`
`Warning Device Prevents Overloading of Boom
`Constant Watch on Cable Tension
`
`Torque-Limiters Protect Light-Duty Drives
`Limiters Prevent Overloading
`Seven Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation
`Mechanical Systems for Controlling Tension and Speed
`Drives for Controlling Tension
`Switch Prevents Overloading of a Hoist
`Mechanical, Geared, and Cammed Limit Switches
`
`Limit Switches in Machinery
`Automatic Speed Governors
`Centrifugal, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Electric Governors
`Speed Control Devices for Mechanisms
`Floating—Pinion Torque Splitter
`
`CHAPTER 11
`
`PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC MACHINE AND
`MECHANISM CONTROL
`
`Designs and Operating Principles of Typical Pumps
`Rotary-Pump Mechanisms
`
`Mechanisms Actuated by Pneumatic or Hydraulic Cylinders
`Foot~Controlled Braking System
`Linkages Actuate Steering in a Tractor
`Fifteen Jobs for Pneumatic Power
`
`Ten Ways to Use Metal Diaphragms and Capsules
`Differential Transformer Sensing Devices
`High-Speed Counters
`
`Designing With Permanent Magnets
`
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`301
`302
`
`304
`306
`307
`308
`309
`310
`310
`
`311
`312
`312
`313
`314
`316
`318
`320
`322
`324
`
`326
`328
`329
`330
`332
`336
`337
`338
`
`339
`
`340
`340
`
`341
`341
`
`342
`343
`346
`348
`352
`355
`356
`
`358
`362
`364
`366
`367
`
`369
`
`370
`374
`
`376
`378
`378
`379
`
`380
`382
`384
`
`385
`
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`Permanent Magnet Mechanisms
`Electrically Driven Hammer Mechanisms
`Thermostatic Mechanisms
`
`Temperature—Regulating Mechanisms
`Photoelectric Controls
`
`Liquid Level Indicators and Controllers
`Instant Muscle With Pyrotechnic Power
`
`CHAPTER 12
`
`FASTENING, LATCHING, CLAMPING, AND
`CHUCKING DEVICES
`
`Remotely Controlled Latch
`Toggle Fastener Inserts, Locks, and Releases Easily
`Grapple Frees Loads Automatically
`Quick-Release Lock Pin Has a Ball Detent
`
`Automatic Brake Locks Hoist When Driving Torque Ceases
`Lift-Tong Mechanism Firmly Grips Objects
`Perpendicular-Force Latch
`Quick—Release Mechanisms
`Ring Springs Clamp Platform Elevator Into Position
`Quick-Acting Clamps for Machines and Fixtures
`Friction Clamping Devices
`Detents for Stopping Mechanical Movements
`Ten Different Splined Connections
`Fourteen Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts
`Clamping Devices for Accurately Aligning Adjustable Parts
`Spring—Loaded Chucks and Holding Fixtures
`Short In—Line Tumbuekle
`
`Actuator Exerts Tensile or Compressive Axial Load
`Gripping System for Mechanical Testing of Composites
`Passive Capture Joint With Three Degrees of Freedom
`Probe—and-Socket Fasteners for Robotic Assembly
`
`CHAPTER 13
`
`KEY EQUATIONS AND CHARTS FOR DESIGNING
`MECHANISMS
`
`Four—Bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications
`Designing Geared Five—Bar Mechanisms
`Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms—The External Geneva Wheel
`Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms—The Internal Geneva Wheel
`
`Equations for Designing Cycloid Mechanisms
`Designing Crank-and-Rocker Links With Optimum Force Transmission
`Design Curves and Equations for Gear-Slider Mechanisms
`Designing Snap-Action Toggles
`Feeder Mechanisms for Angular Motions
`Feeder Mechanisms for Curvilinear Motions
`
`Robens’ Law Helps to Find Alternate Four-Bar Linkages
`Ratchet Layout Analyzed
`Slider—Crank Mechanism
`
`CHAPTER 14
`
`NEW DIRECTIONS IN MACHINE DESIGN
`
`Software Improvements Expand CAD Capabilities
`New Processes Expand Choices for Rapid Prototyping
`Mieromachines Open a New Frontier for Machine Design
`Multilevel Fabrication Permits More Complex and Functional MEMS
`Miniature Multispeed Transmissions for Small Motors
`MEMS Chips Become Integrated Microcontrol Systems
`LIGA: An Altemative Method for Making Mierominiature Parts
`
`INDEX
`
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`387
`390
`392
`396
`398
`400
`402
`
`405
`
`406
`407
`407
`408
`408
`409
`409
`410
`411
`412
`414
`416
`418
`420
`422
`424
`424
`425
`426
`427
`428
`
`429
`
`430
`432
`436
`439
`442
`445
`448
`452
`455
`456
`459
`460
`461
`
`463
`
`464
`468
`475
`478
`481
`482
`484
`
`487
`
`xi
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`TWENTY SCREW DEVICES
`
`A threaded shaft and a nut plus some way to make one of these
`members rotate without translating and the other to translate
`without rotating are about all you need to do practically all of the
`adjusting, setting, or locking in a machine design.
`Ntost lot ttlilesehappl1cations have low-precision requirements.
`That S W y t e t read mIght be a “mad wrre or a ““5th SHIP;
`the nut might be a notched ear on a shaft or a slotted disk.
`Standard screws and nuts from hardware store shelves can often
`SBI’VC at very low cost.
`
`Here are the basic motion transformations possible with
`screw threads (Fig. l):
`
`' Transform rotation into linear motion or reverse (A),
`- Transform helical motion into linear motion or reverse (B),
`° Transform rotation into helical motion or reverse (C).
`
`Of course the screw thread can be combined with other com-
`ponents: in a four-bar linkage (Fig. 2). or with multiple screw
`elements for force or motion amplification.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`rat-Ir.“
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 1 Motion transformations of a screw
`thread include: rotation to translation (A),
`helical to translation (B), rotation to helical
`
`(C). These are reversible if the thread is not
`self-locking. (The thread is reversible when
`its efficiency is over 50%.)
`
`Fig. 2 Standard four-bar linkage has a
`screw thread substituted for a slider. The
`output is helical rather than linear.
`
`Rotation to
`
`Translation
`
`
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`
`Fig. 3 A two-directional lamp adjustment with screwdriver will move a lamp up and down.
`A knob adjust (right) rotates the lamp about a pivot.
`
`Clockwor/r
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`Fig. 4 A knife-edge bearing is raised or
`lowered by a screw-driven wedge. Two
`additional screws position the knife edge
`laterally and lock it.
`
`
`
`Pressure
`
`:5):
`
`Fig. 7 A valve stem has two oppositely
`moving valve cones. When opening, the
`upper cone moves up first, until it contacts
`its stop. Further turning of the valve wheel
`forces the lower cone out of its seat. The
`spring is wound up at the same time. When
`the ratchet is released, the spring pulls both
`cones into their seats.
`
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`Fig. 6 Automatic clockwork is kept
`would taut by an electric motor turned on
`and off by a screw thread and nut. The
`motor drive must be self-locking or it will
`permit the clock to unwind as soon as the
`switch is turned off.
`
`
`
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`Fig. 5 A parallel arrangement of tandem
`screw threads raises the projector evenly.
`
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`Fig. 8 A metal strip or square rod can be
`twisted to make a long-lead thread. It is ideal
`for transforming linear into rotary motion.
`Here a pushbutton mechanism winds a cam—
`era. The number of turns or dwell of the out-
`put gear is easily altered by changing (or
`even reversing) the twist of the strip.
`
` Fig. 10 The familiar flying propeller-toy
`
`is operated by pushing the bushing straight
`up and off the thread.
`
`Fig. 9 A feeler gage-has its motion ampli-
`fled through a double linkage and then
`transformed ‘0 FOtat'O” for m0V'”Q a (“3'
`“Bad"?-
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`SELF-LOCKING
`
`_—————
`
`Fig. 12 This screw and nut form
`a self-locking drive for a complex
`linkage.
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 11 A hairline
`
`adjustment for a tele-
`scope with two alternative
`methods for drive and
`spring return.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 13 Force translation. The threaded handle in
`(A) drives a coned bushing that thrusts rods outwardly
`for balanced pressure. The screw in (B) retains and
`drives a dowel pin for locking purposes. A right- and
`left-handed shaft (C) actuates a press.
`
`
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`DOUBLE THREADING
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 14 Double-threaded screws, when
`used as differentials. permit very fine
`adjustment for precision equipment at rela-
`tively low cost.
`
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`
`
`
`Fig. 15 Differential screws can be made
`in dozens of forms. Here are two methods:
`in the upper figure, two opposite-hand
`threads on a single shaft; in the lower fig-
`ure, same-hand threads on independent
`shafts.
`
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`Fig.16 Opposite-handthreadsmakea
`high-speed centering clamp out of two mov-
`ing nuts.
`
`‘
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`Fig. 17 A measuring table rises very
`slowly for many turns of the input bevel
`gear. If the two threads are We to 12 and %
`to 16, in the fine-thread series, the table will
`rise approximately 0.004 in. per input-gear
`revolution.
`
`
`’
`I
`
`
`
`Fig. 18 A lathe turning tool in a drill rod
`is adjusted by a differential screw. A special
`double-pin wrench turns the intermediate
`nut, advancing the nut and retracting the
`threaded tool simultaneously. The tool is
`then clamped by a setscrew.
`
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`5.0279 adjusts follower-mfor speed
`
`Fig. 19 Any variable-speed motor can be
`made to follow a small synchronous motor by
`connecting them to the two shafts of this differ-
`ential screw. Differences in the number of revo-
`
`lutions between the two motors appear as
`motion of the traveling nut and slide, thus pro-
`viding electrical speed compensation.
`
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`
`Fig. 20 A wire fork is the nut in
`this simple tube-and-screw device.
`
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`Fig. 21 A mechanical pencil includes a spring as the screw thread
`and a notched ear or a bent wire as the nut.
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`Mylan V. Sanofi
`
`193
`
`E i
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`Mylan v. Sanofi
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`TEN WAYS TO EMPLOY SCREW MECHANISMS
`
`
`Three basic components of screw mechanisms are:
`actuating member (knob, wheel, handle), threaded device
`(screw-nut set), and sliding device (plunger-guide set).
`
`Ram/able ”0/
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`
`
`
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`
`
`
`A differential movement is given by
`threads of different pitch. When the screw is
`rotated, the nuts move in the same direction
`but at different speeds.
`
`A nut can rotate but will not move longitu-
`dinally. Typical applications: screw jacks,
`heavy vertically moved doors; floodgates,
`opera-glass focusing, vernier gages, and
`Stillson wrenches.
`
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`
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`
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`
`A screw can rotate but only the nut moves
`longitudinally. Typical applications: lathe
`tailstock feed, Vises, lathe apron.
`
`
`
`A screw and plunger are attached to a
`knob. The nut and guide are stationary. It is
`used on: screw presses, lathe steady-rest
`jaws for adjustment, and shaper slide regu-
`lation.
`
`Opposzle-Mnd ”treads
`
`
`
`Opposing movement of lateral slides;
`adjusting members or other screw-actuated
`parts can be achieved with opposite-hand
`threads.
`
`DI/fEfEfl/‘fl/lffi Wands
`
`
`
`Concentric threading also gives differen-
`tial movement. Such movements are useful
`wherever rotary mechanical action is
`required. A typical example is a gas-bottle
`valve, where slow opening is combined with
`easy control.
`
`
`
`One screw actuates three gears simulta-
`neously. The axes of gears are at right
`angles to that of the screw. This mechanism
`can replace more expensive gear setups
`there speed reduction and multiple output
`from a single input is required.
`
`
`
`Screw-actuated wedges lock locating pin
`A and hold the work in fixture (B). These are
`just two of the many tool and diemaking
`applications for these screw actions.
`
`tact screw
`
`Loci screw
`(aresswe)
`
`
`
`(lens/on /
`
`(8)
`
`Set/ran
`
`”6%
`
`Adjustment screws are effectively locked by either a pressure screw
`(A) or tension screw (B). if the adjusting screw is threaded into a
`formed sheet-metal component (C), a setscrew can be used to lock
`the adjustment.
`
`194
`
`Locking nuts can be placed on opposite
`sides of a panel to prevent axial screw
`movement and simultaneously lock against
`vibrations. Drill-press depth stops and
`adjustable stops for shearing and cutoff
`dies are some examples.
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`Mylan v. Sanofi
`
`

`

`
`
`SEVEN SPECIAL SCREW ARRANGEMENTS
`
`Differential, duplex, and other types of
`screws can provide slow and fast feeds,
`minute adjustments, and strong clamping action.
`
`
`
`
`
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`{no back/om)
`
`Emmett/e stops
`
`5””
`
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`
`Extremely small movements.
`Microscopic measurements, for exam-
`ple, are characteristic of this arrange-
`ment. Movement A is equal to N(LB x
`L,)12ri:R, where Nequals the number
`of turns of screw C.
`
`Rapid and slow feed. With left- and right-hand
`threads, slide motion with the nut locked equals LA
`plus L5 per turn; with the nut floating, slide motion per
`turn equals LB. Extremely fine feed with a rapid return
`motion is obtained when the threads are differential.
`
`
`faparad clearance
`
`ha —pi/7 support
`
`
`Shock absorbent screw. When the
`springs coiled as shown are used as
`worm drives for light loads, they have
`the advantage of being able to
`absorb heavy shocks.
`
`
` l saf—spn'ng
`
`effect
`
`.
`
`Bearing adjustment. This screw
`arrangement is a handy way for
`providing bearing adjustment and
`overload protection.
`
`Backlash elimination. The large
`screw is locked and all backlash is
`eliminated when the knurled screw is
`tightened; finger torque is sufficient.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Differential clamp. This method of using a differential
`screw to tighten clamp jaws combines rugged threads
`with high clamping power. Clamping pressure,
`P = Te[R(tan ¢ + tan a], where T: torque at handle,
`Ff = mean radius of screw threads, (1) = angle of friction
`(aPPI’OX. 0.1), or = mean pitch angle or screw, and
`e = efficiency of screw generally about 0.8).
`
`High reduction of rotary motion to fine linear motion is pos-
`sible here. This arrangement is for low forces. Screws are
`left and right hand. LA = LB plus or minus a small increment.
`When LB=1/1O and LA = 1/10.5, the linear motion f screw
`A will be 0.05 in. per turn. When screws are the same hand,
`linear motion equals LA + L5-
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`
`195
`
`Mylan Exhibit - 1031
`Mylan v. Sanofi
`
`