6/20/2019
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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`MAYO
`CLINT
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`~
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`Peripheral neuropathy
`
`Overview
`
`Peripheral neuropathy, a result of damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
`(peripheral nerves), often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in your hands and feet. It
`can also affect other areas of your body.
`
`Your peripheral nervous system sends information from your brain and spinal cord (central nervous
`system) to the rest of your body. The peripheral nerves also send sensory information to the
`central nervous system.
`
`Peripheral neuropathy can result from traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited
`causes and exposure to toxins. One of the most common causes is diabetes.
`
`People with peripheral neuropathy generally describe the pain as stabbing, burning or tingling. In
`many cases, symptoms improve, especially if caused by a treatable condition. Medications can
`reduce the pain of peripheral neuropathy.
`
`Symptoms
`
`Every nerve in your peripheral system has a specific function, so symptoms depend on the type of
`nerves affected. Nerves are classified into:
`
`• Sensory nerves that receive sensation, such as temperature, pain, vibration or touch, from the
`skin
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`• Motor nerves that control muscle movement
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`• Autonomic nerves that control functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, digestion and
`bladder
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`Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy might include:
`
`• Gradual onset of numbness, prickling or tingling in your feet or hands, which can spread
`upward into your legs and arms
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`• Sharp, jabbing, throbbing or burning pain
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`• Extreme sensitivity to touch
`
`• Pain during activities that shouldn't cause pain, such as pain in your feet when putting weight
`on them or when they're under a blanket
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`• Lack of coordination and falling
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`• Muscle weakness
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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`• Feeling as if you're wearing gloves or socks when you're not
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`• Paralysis if motor nerves are affected
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`If autonomic nerves are affected, signs and symptoms might include:
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`• Heat intolerance
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`• Excessive sweating or not being able to sweat
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`• Bowel, bladder or digestive problems
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`• Changes in blood pressure, causing dizziness or lightheadedness
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`Peripheral neuropathy can affect one nerve (mononeuropathy), two or more nerves in different
`areas (multiple mononeuropathy) or many nerves (polyneuropathy). Carpal tunnel syndrome is an
`example of mononeuropathy. Most people with peripheral neuropathy have polyneuropathy.
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`When to see a doctor
`
`Seek medical care right away if you notice unusual tingling, weakness or pain in your hands or
`feet. Early diagnosis and treatment offer the best chance for controlling your symptoms and
`preventing further damage to your peripheral nerves.
`
`Causes
`
`Not a single disease, peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage caused by a number of conditions.
`Health conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy include:
`
`• Autoimmune diseases. These include Sjogren's syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis,
`Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and vasculitis.
`
`• Diabetes. More than half the people with diabetes develop some type of neuropathy.
`
`• Infections. These include certain viral or bacterial infections, including Lyme disease, shingles,
`Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C, leprosy, diphtheria, and J:UY..
`• Inherited disorders. Disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are hereditary types of
`neuropathy.
`
`• Tumors. Growths, cancerous (malignant) and noncancerous (benign), can develop on the
`nerves or press nerves. Also, polyneuropathy can arise as a result of some cancers related to
`the body's immune response. These are a form of a degenerative disorder called
`paraneoplastic syndrome.
`
`• Bone marrow disorders. These include an abnormal protein in the blood (monoclonal
`gammopathies), a form of bone cancer (myeloma), lymphoma and the rare disease
`amyloidosis.
`
`• Other diseases. These include kidney disease, liver disease, connective tissue disorders and
`an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).
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`Other causes of neuropathies include:
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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`• Alcoholism. Poor dietary choices made by people with alcoholism can lead to vitamin
`deficiencies.
`
`• Exposure to poisons. Toxic substances include industrial chemicals and heavy metals such
`as lead and mercury.
`
`• Medications. Certain medications, especially those used to treat cancer (chemotherapy), can
`cause peripheral neuropathy.
`
`• Trauma or pressure on the nerve. Traumas, such as from motor vehicle accidents, falls or
`sports injuries, can sever or damage peripheral nerves. Nerve pressure can result from having
`a cast or using crutches or repeating a motion such as typing many times.
`
`• Vitamin deficiencies. B vitamins -
`crucial to nerve health.
`
`including B-1, B-6 and B-12 -
`
`vitamin E and niacin are
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`In a number of cases, no cause can be identified (idiopathic).
`
`Risk factors
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`Peripheral neuropathy risk factors include:
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`• Diabetes, especially if your sugar levels are poorly controlled
`
`• Alcohol abuse
`
`• Vitamin deficiencies, particularly B vitamins
`• Infections, such as Lyme disease, shingles, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C, and J:l.lV
`• Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, in which your immune system
`attacks your own tissues
`
`• Kidney, liver or thyroid disorders
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`• Exposure to toxins
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`• Repetitive motion, such as those performed for certain jobs
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`• Family history of neuropathy
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`Complications
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`Complications of peripheral neuropathy can include:
`
`• Burns and skin trauma. You might not feel temperature changes or pain on parts of your body
`that are numb.
`
`• Infection. Your feet and other areas lacking sensation can become injured without your
`knowing. Check these areas regularly and treat minor injuries before they become infected,
`especially if you have diabetes.
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`• Falls. Weakness and loss of sensation may be associated with lack of balance and falling.
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`Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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`Prevention
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`Manage underlying conditions
`
`The best way to prevent peripheral neuropathy is to manage medical conditions that put you at
`risk, such as diabetes, alcoholism or rheumatoid arthritis.
`
`Make healthy lifestyle choices
`
`These habits support your nerve health:
`
`• Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein to keep nerves healthy.
`Protect against vitamin B-12 deficiency by eating meats, fish, eggs, low-fat dairy foods and
`fortified cereals. If you're vegetarian or vegan, fortified cereals are a good source of vitamin B-
`12, but talk to your doctor about B-12 supplements.
`
`• Exercise regularly. With your doctor's OK, try to get at least 30 minutes to one hour of
`exercise at least three times a week.
`
`• Avoid factors that may cause nerve damage, including repetitive motions, cramped positions
`that put pressure on nerves, exposure to toxic chemicals, smoking and overindulging in alcohol.
`
`By Mayo Clinic Staff
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