Modern
`Dictionary
`of Electronics
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`SIXTH EDITION
`
`REVISED
`
`and UPDATED
`
`
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 1
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SD(TH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 2
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 2
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SDCI'H EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`Boston Oxford Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Singapore
`
`Newnes
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 3
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 3
`
`

`

`Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heincmann
`
`Copyright (0 1997 by Butterworth—Heinemunn
`
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`All rights reserved.
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
`or trmsmitted in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical. photocopying,
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`(30"
`“ Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written,
`"' Buterworth—llcmemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging—in-Publication Data
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`Modern dictionary ofelectronics/ by RudolfF. Graf. — 6th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`
`Reprint. Originally published:
`© 1984.
`ISBN 0-7506-9870-5
`l. Electronics—Dictionaries.
`TK7804.G67
`I996
`62! .381 '03—dc 20
`
`lndianapolis, lnd.
`
`: HW. Sams,
`
`96-25894
`CW
`
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`Edited by: Charlic Buflington and Jack Davis
`Illustrated by: TR Emric/c
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`l0 9 8 7 6 S 4 3 2 I
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 4
`
`
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 4
`
`

`

`
`
`576
`
`long-play record—loopback
`
`after the beam has moved on is due to
`phosphorescence. The time of persnstcncc
`varies with the type of tube employed and
`the coating of the screen.
`long-play record — Abbreviated lp
`record. Also
`called a microgroove
`record. A 10- or 12-inch (25.4- or 30.5-
`cm) record or transcription with finely
`cut grooves which give it a long playing
`time.
`long-pull magnet—An electromagnet de—
`signed to exert a practically uniform pull,
`for an extended range of armature mave-
`ment. 1: consists of I conical plunger
`moving up and down inside a hollow core.
`long-range navigation —-A long-range e—
`lectronic navigation 5 stern which uses
`the time divergence o pulse-type trans-
`mission from two or more fixed stations.
`long-range radar —- A radar installation
`capable of detecting targets 200 or more
`miles (320 km) away.
`long-reach mike —-Sec Shotgun
`long shunt — A shunt field connected
`across the series field and the armature,
`instead of directly across the armature
`alone, of a motor or generator
`long-tailed pair— A two-tube circuit in
`which decreaScd platc current
`thmugh
`one tube results tn increased plate current
`through the other tube, and vice versa.
`long-term stability (or
`long-term
`instability)—The slow changes in aver-
`age frequency arising from changes in an
`oscillator. Statements of long—term stabil‘
`ity for quartz oscillators often term this
`characteristic "aging rate” and specify it
`as "parts per day“ (fractional frequency
`change over 24 hours). For cesium stand-
`ards, this term commonly refers to the
`total fractional frequency drift for the life
`of the cesium beam tube.
`long throw—A method of speaker design
`in which the woofer moves freely through
`long excursions, providing excellent low-
`frequency response with low distortion.
`long wave — Wavelengths longer than
`about
`l000 meters. They correspond to
`frequencies above 300 kHz.
`long-wire antenna — I. An antenna that
`has a length greater that one-half wave-
`length at the operating frequency. 2. A
`directional antenna consisting of a single
`straight wire whose length is several times
`greater than its operating wavelength.
`look ahead—l. A feature of the CPU of a
`computer which allows the machine to
`mask an interrupt request until the fol-
`lowing instruction has been completed. 2.
`A feature of adder circuits and alu’s
`which allows these devices to look ahead
`to see that all carrys generated are availa-
`ble for addition.
`lookthrough — l. In jamming, sporadic
`interruption of the emission for extremely
`short periods in order to monitor the vic-
`tim signal. 2. When a set is being jammed,
`
`the monitoring of the desired signal dur-
`ing lull: in the iamming signals.
`loom — A flexible nonmetallic tubing
`placed around insulated wire for pro—
`tcction.
`loop— 1. A complete electrical circuit. 2.
`In a computer, a series of instructions
`being carried out repeatedly until a ter-
`minal condition prevails. 3. in automatic
`control, the path followed by command
`signals, which direct the actions to be per-
`formed, and feedback signals, which are
`returned to the command point to indi-
`cate what is actually happening. See also
`Closed Loop, 1. 4. See Mesh and Anti-
`nodcs. S. A length of tape having its ends
`spliced together to form an endless loop.
`Frequently used by film and radio/tv
`sound departments for prolonged back—
`grounds of continual or repetitive sound
`effects. The loop is now the basis of the
`8-track cartridge format. 6. A combina-
`tion of one or more interconnected instru-
`ments arranged to measure or control a
`process variable, or both. 7. The two-wire
`circuit formed by a customer’s telephone
`set, cable pair. and other conductors that
`connect it to the central office equipment.
`8. An electric circuit consisting of several
`elements. usually switches, connected in
`series. 9. A sequence of computer instruc-
`tions that repeats itself until a predeter-
`mined count or other test is satisfied, or
`until the process is interrupted by opera—
`tor intervention. 10. The curve or are
`made by the wire between the attachment
`points at each end of a wire bond. 11. A
`sequence of computer instructions which
`may be obeyed repetitively, each repeti-
`tion being called a cycle. Cycling is inter-
`rupted when a specific criterion has been
`satisfied, e.g.. when a counter has re-
`turned to zero or when an iterative pro-
`cess has converged,
`loop actuating signal ——The signal de-
`rived from mixing the loop-input and
`loopafeedback signals.
`
`
`
`Loop antenna.
`
`antenna — 1. An antenna used in
`loo
`to io direction-finding apparatus and in
`some radio receivers. It consists of one or
`more loops of wire. 2. An antenna consist-
`ing of several turns of wire in the same
`plane so arranged that it encloses an area
`in the electromagnetic field.
`loopback—Directing signals back toward
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 5
`
`Patent Owner Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
`Ex. 2025, p. 5
`
`