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`Omeem OleCm telCieetiCe)
`The Comprehensive Standard for
`Business, School, Library,and Home
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`Microsoft Press
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`Over 300 illustrations and diagrams
`Extensive Internet coverage
`Featured in Microsoft® Bookshelf’
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`Covers software, hardware, concepts,
`and more!
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`Micresoft Press
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`Microsoft Press
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`Computer
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`Dictionary —
`Third Edition
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`MicrosoftPress
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproducedor transmitted
`in any form or by any means withoutthe written permission ofthe publisher.
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -~ 3rd ed,
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-5723) -446-%
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
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`2. Microcomputers—-Dictionaries.
`
`QA76.15.M54 1997
`004'.03--de21
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`97-15489cIP
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`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
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`23456789 QMOM 210987
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada,a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`A CIP cataloguerecord forthis book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`information aboutinternational editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office, Or contact
`Microsoft Press International directlyat fax (425) 936-7329.
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. DirectInput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft
`Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows NT, and XENIX are
`registered wademarks and AcuveMovie, ActiveX, and Visual J++ are trademarks of Microsoft
`Corporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Other product and company names
`mentioned herein maybe the trademarks oftheir respective owners,
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross, Jim Fuchs, John Conrow, Kurt Meyer,
`Robert Lyon, Roslyn Lutsch
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`Contents
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`Introduction
`¥
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`Dictionary
`of Computer Terms
`i
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`ASCII Character Set
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`S20
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`IBM Extended Character Set
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`S22
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`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set
`B28
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`Ee
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`EBCDIC Character Set
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`5248
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` AVILA
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`Numeric Equivalents
`Si3uh
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`time, depending on the implementation, and it
`allows intelligent, PCI-compliant adapters to per-
`formtasks concurrently with the CPU using a tech-
`nique called bus mastering. The PCI specification
`allows for multiplexing, a technique that permits
`more than one electrical signal to be present on
`the bus at onetime. See also local bus. Compare
`VL bus.
`PCL \P°C-L\ 7. See Printer Control Language.
`PCM \P°C-M’\
`72. See pulse code modulation,
`PCMCIA \P°C-M°C-I-A‘\ #. Acronym for Personal
`Computer Memory Card International Association.
`A group of manufacturers and vendors formed to
`promote a common standard for PC Card-based
`peripherals and the slot designed to hold them,
`primarily on laptop, palmtop, and other portable
`computers, as well as for intelligent electronic
`devices. PCMCIA is also the nameof the standard
`for PC Cards, first introduced in 1990 as release 1.
`See also PC Card, PCMCLAslot.
`PCMCIA ecard \P°C-MC1-A°
`kard™\
`card.
`PCMCIA connector \P°C-M°C+-A° ka-nekter\ 7.
`The 68-pin female connector inside a PCMCIA slot
`designed to hold the 68-pin male connector on a
`PC Card. See also PC Card, PCMCIAslot.
`PCMCIA slot \P°C-M°C-1-A” slot) #. An opening
`in the housing of a computer, peripheral, or other
`intelligent electronic device designed to hold a PC
`Card. Also called PC Card slot, See also PC Card,
`PCMCIA connector,
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`See PC
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`om.
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`such a card consists of conventional static RAM
`chips powered by a small battery and is designed
`to provide additional RAM to the system. See also
`PC Card. Compare flash memory.
`p-code \P*kod\ 7. See pseudocode.
`PCT \P°C-T’\ #. Acronym for program cormpre-
`hension tool. A software engineering tool
`that
`facilitates the process of understanding the struc-
`ture and/or functionality of computer programs.
`-pex \dot-P°C-X"\ ». The file extension that identi-
`fies bitmapped images in the PC Paintbrushfile
`format.
`IBM Personal
`PC/XKT \P°C-X-T’\ 1. The original
`Computer,
`introduced in 1981, which used the
`Tnte] 8088 CPU. See also TBM PC,
`PC/XT keyboard \P°C-X-T” keéb6rd\ x. The orig-
`inal keyboard for
`the IBM Personal Computer.
`Strong, reliable, and equipped with 83 keys, the
`PC/XT keyboard offers a typist an audible click,
`See the illustration, See also TBM PC, PC/XT.
`PDA \P°D-A‘\
`», Acronym for Personal Digital
`Assistant.
`A
`lightweight
`palmtop
`computer
`designed to provide specific functionslike personal
`organization (calendar, note taking, database,cal-
`culator, and so on) as well as communications
`More advanced models also offer multimedia fea-
`tures. Many PDA devices rely on a pen or other
`pointing device for input instead of a keyboard or
`mouse, although some offer a keyboard too small
`for touch typing to use in conjunction with a pen
`or pointing device. For data storage, a PDA relies
`on flash memory instead of power-hungry disk
`drives. See also firnmware, flash memory, PC Card,
`pen computer.
`PDC \P°D-C’\ ». See Primary Domain Controller.
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`PC memory card \P-C mem/or-e kard’\ 1. 1. An
`add-in circuit card that increases the amount of
`RAMin a system. See also memory card, 2, A Type
`{PC Card as specified by PCMCIA.Inthis context,
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`PC/XT keyboard.
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