`
`LGE Exhibit-1007/Page 1 of 6
`LGE v. Uniloc
`
`

`

`EEE mm
`
`INTELLIGENHL1
`
`26 Ilsing Software Agents to Generate VlSI layouts
`
`Dlivan de Abrcu Moroira oodles T. Waktowski
`
`33 Model-Based Diagnosis for Automotive Repair
`
`Morlniuisa Sanuvertoo and Fulvio («do
`
`i [M
`38 Enhanced Password Authentication through Fuzzy logic
`
`Willemfide RuondJon MP. Half
`
`
`
`46 Organizational Modeling in CommonKADS: ‘lhe Emergency
`
`Medical Service
`Wifriad Post, lob Wielingn, Robert de H009, and Guns Sdueiber
`
`Integrating Al Applications in an Energy Management System
`Mirey J. Bonn, Mm D. irisam‘, Sam Molhtari, Daniel 5. Kirsricn, and Bradioy M. Miller
`
`60 Building a Composite Syntax lor Expert System Shells
`
`Vorlyn M. Johnson udJohn V. (mils
`
`(figuration: M Gumeou / (over design: Twain 50;!“
`
`LGE Exhibit-1007/Page 2 of 6
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`DEPARTMENTS
`
`
`
`
`
`Io‘
`.
`
`La
`
`Editorial
`Dunlal E. Many
`A lack ofknowledge at the top
`
`In“. Opinion
`Pam $3”er
`.
`.
`. .
`Onlme communities and the next-generatwn Internet
`Inlornol Services
`MldmlMulm
`The Palml’l‘lal and the handheld revolution
`
`I" “I" ' Ilflil
`Sun Room Hedlmg
`Dictating this article to my computer: automatic speech
`recognition is coming ofage
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`Ilhlpnl Connutlon
`“WI”. Grind
`Three observations that changed my life
`I. M and more!“
`MA. flaunt
`Banteron Bayes: debating the usefulness ofBayesian
`approaches to solving procricalprablems
`‘7 lows/Now Products
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`72 Annual Indox
`
`78 tubular/Cal tor Papers
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`
`83 (l/II Reader Service/Subscription Cords
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`Inside back cover
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`LGE Exhibit—1007/Page 3 of 6
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`'l'he PalmPl'lof and lhe
`By Michael McCandless
`Mll Laboratory tor Cmtoutet Science
`mikemc©lcsmit edu
`handheld revolution
`
`Have you thought that perhaps the computer belongs in your
`hand rather than on your desk? With many failed and still-
`failing efforts, handheld computation has been taking along
`time to arrive. However, the unquestionable success of 3Com’s
`PalmPilot heralds the start of a revolution in computation.
`
`the Pilot first appeared on the market in
`early 1996. ln retrospect, the Pilot will be
`seen as a turning point in the migration of
`computation from desktop machines to
`handheld devices.
`
`Behind Pilot's mass
`The Pilot comes with numerous built-in
`applications to manage personal informa-
`tionei'or example. calendar, to-do lists.
`memo pad. and address book. The touch—
`sensitive monochrome LCD display is used
`for navigation, and a simplified and easy-
`to-leam alphabet called Graffiti is used for
`input. The touch of a button synchronizes
`the Pilot with a desktop PC. using 3Com’s
`HotSync technology, which also backs up
`data and installs new applications.
`The key to the Pilot’s success is its sim-
`plicity. The design is achievable rather than
`overly ambitious. For example, requiring
`the user to learn a simplified alphabet
`allows for accurate and predictable letter
`recognition. The simple design
`translates into affordability: the
`PalmPilot Personal costs $249,
`compared to $1,000 for Apple’s
`MessagePad 2100. It also leads
`to wonderful portability. The
`Pilot weighs under six ounces.
`including batteries, and is a little
`larger than a wallet. Finally, its
`open architecture and available
`software-development
`systems—for example, Code»
`Warrior, by Metrowerks—havc
`allowed developers and compa-
`nies to offer many useful third—
`party applications. By simplify-
`ing the design, 3Com achieved a
`realistic, inexpensive. and practi—
`cal device.
`The Pilot clearly shows that a
`handheld device driven only
`with a stylus can be successful.
`Naturally, other companies are
`
`IEIE EXPERT
`
`
`
`The many guises of portable
`computers
`Portable computers come in many forms
`and under many names. At one extreme are
`laptops, which are basically
`desktop PCs that have been
`reduced enough to be lugged
`around. At the other extreme
`are Personal Digital Assistants
`(PDAs), which use a stylus or
`a few buttons, rather than a
`keyboard. for navigation and
`input. In between, suffering
`something of an identity crisis.
`are the handheld PCs (HPCS)
`and palmtop devices. sporting
`tiny fold-up keyboards and
`running a pared-down version
`of Mndows 95 called Win—
`dows CE.
`So far. the PC has been the
`most successful form of cont-
`putation. As a result, when
`branching out to produce
`portable computing devices.
`most companies simply aim to
`mimic the PC. However. such a
`
`
`Contrary to many past and present devices.
`the Pilot proves that portable computers
`don’t have to mimic desktops to be useful
`and successful. As a result. handheld com—
`puters are incorporating new technologies.
`and the market is rapidly changing. Soon,
`many of us will spend more time interact-
`ing with our handheld devices than with
`our desktop computers.
`
`.
`
`model is inappropriate for space-starved
`portable devices. The now-failed Go Corpo-
`ration was the first company to break tradi—
`tion and introduce interaction using only a
`stylus. Apple continued the endeavor, lead-
`ing to the present MessagePad 2100. but
`stylus-based PDA's have caught on only
`gradually. Now. the Pilot has taken the lead
`at an exceptional pace. According to PC
`Data. the Pilot accounts for 70% of US
`retail PDA sales. According to DataQuest,
`in 1996, the Pilot accounted for 5 l % of the
`1.6 million handheld devices sold world—
`wide. These figures are amazing, given that
`
`
`
`
`
`LGE Exhibit-1007/Page 4 of 6
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tichaal McCandless
`
`r Corrector Science
`likamc@|csrnit.edu
`
`
`
`eager to get in the market.
`Sharp just released the SE-
`
`50“ Mobile Organizer. which
`
`
`looks like the Pilot but lacks
`
`handwriting recognition and
`runs with a proprietary OS.
`
`your PDA. All forms of currency
`
`Franklin Electronic Publish-
`will have digital correlates, let-
`
`ers created the Rex PC Com-
`ting you buy groceries without
`
`panion. a stripped-down
`worrying about visiting the ATM
`device with no input, which
`first. Likewise, forms ofidentifi-
`
`lets you browse information
`
`cation—for example, your dri-
`
`downloaded from a PC.
`
`ver’s license and Social Security
`
` It's all about
`card—will be digital. People will
`no longer be able to lie about
`Information
`
`
`their age and identity.
`Why are these devices so
`
`successful in the first place?
`Global Positioning System.
`The answer is clean people
`Using satellites and land towers, a
`need to keep track of all sorts
`‘ GPS device, soon to be one chip plus an
`of personal information. We have always
`l antenna, can locate its position on the
`had this need, and our lives are becoming
`Earth’s surface within three meters. PDAs
`even busier and more connected. We need
`will incorporate GPS. You will consult your
`to schedule our day, look up phone num-
`PDA to navigate in a foreign city or to find
`bers, remember the names of people to
`the nearest ATM or gas station, or a good
`whom we were introduced, keep track of
`place to eat. Over the network. your PDA
`birthdays. read the latest news. trade our
`will monitor traffic congestion, the weather,
`favorite stocks, and remember what to do,
`and construction conditions, altering its
`including when and where. There’s a name
`recommended route as needed. You will be
`for all these things: Personal Information
`able to locate your children or track the
`Management.
`entire family in the mall or on the ski slope.
`The PIM market for desktop PCs is
`already well-established, including prod-
`ucts such as Microsoft Outlook. Lotus
`Organizer. and Now Up-To-Date. A strong
`market also exists for paper-based organiz-
`ers. The Pilot makes carrying all this infor-
`mation with us practical, so that we can
`access it anywhere and anytime. It’s the
`same crucial information with which
`
`I!!! EXPERT _ _‘
`
`flfijflt—mm’
`
`
`
`
`
`LGE Exhibit-1007/Page 5 of 6
`
`In due time, your PDA will
`absorb the other things you now
`feel compelled to carry in your
`pockets. Keys. now rendered as
`metal, plastic, or a magnetic strip.
`will instead be stored as bits in
`
`ently back up your data. at all times. in fact.
`you will no longer worry about where your
`data actually is, because that will not mat-
`ter. People will share access to the same
`underlying data, stored on a central server.
`despite being separated in space or time. An
`executive, while traveling. will see changes
`to his or her calendar as they are made in
`real time back in the office. All family
`members will be able to update the grocery
`list, anywhere and anytime, and whoever
`does the shopping will see these changes.
`Using this network, your PDA will even—
`tually subsume the functionality of the
`remote controls in your home. You will
`control and configure your home appli-
`ances through your PDA. You will set your
`alarm clock; read your personalized TV
`guide and program your VCR; turn down
`the stereo or select a different song or radio
`station; and program, from your car or the
`subway, your home's heater to turn on
`shortly before you arrive there. This net-
`work won’t need to be, and probably will
`not be, very high performance to provide
`most of these new services. Rather, it will
`serve as a stepping stone, motivating and
`then financing better infrastructure.
`The network relaxes where and how
`
`comptttation occurs. For example, applica-
`tions that are too compute- or space-
`intensive to run directly on your PDA will
`run, instead, on a remote high-performance
`computer, but then return the output of the
`computation. When new versions of appli-
`cations are released. your PDA will auto-
`matically update. The boundary between
`your PDA and the rest of the world will
`l become blurred.
`
`
`
`.
`
`Cryptography. Security is a big concern
`with present and future PDAs. I store all
`sorts of very private information on my
`Pilot—account numbers and passwords,
`PINS for my credit cards, telephone num—
`bers—all of which I do not want to fall into
`the wrong hands. And as PDAs come to
`absorb everything on our key chains and in
`our wallets, it would seem that if you lose
`your PDA. you lose yourself.
`In the short term, however, there are
`excellent tools that use strong cryptography
`to protect your information—for example,
`Andreas Linke‘s Secret 2.0 freeware. These
`
`tools require you to punch in a password
`every time you need to access your critical
`data. Although this is adequate. the danger
`always exists that you will forget to encrypt
`certain pieces of important information.
`In the long term, PDAs will exploit bio-
`metric identification, using your voice. fm-
`gerprints, pulse, and other reliable aspects to
`transparently confirm who you are. before
`allowing access to your data. Because this
`procedure will be so simple, everything will
`be encrypted by default. Also, once a high—
`
`We’ve always been working; the Pilot is
`just a better means of getting to it and
`maintaining it.
`
`In tho plpollno
`We‘re at the beginning of a long race in
`Which many will eagerly contend. Although
`the Pilot might or might not retain its lead.
`we consumers will continue to win. Com-
`
`petition will bring prices down while
`improving functionality. Most important,
`three enabling technologies loom on the
`horizon: wireless networking, the Global
`Positioning System, and cryptography.
`
`Wireless networking. PDAs will soon
`come with built-in access to a ubiquitous
`Wireless network. This will render HotSync
`a thing of the past; your PDA will transpar-
`
`narket in
`‘ilot will be
`
`tigration of
`:hines to
`
`rous built-in
`tal informa-
`o—do lists,
`The touch—
`
`isplay is used
`d and easy-
`ti is used for
`mchronizcs
`
`lting 3Com’s
`so backs up
`ons.
`55 is its sim-
`le rather than
`
`:, requiring
`lphabet
`table letter
`mple design
`dability: the
`costs $249,
`It for Apple‘s
`It also leads
`
`)ility. The
`six ounces.
`and is a little
`
`. Finally. its
`nd available
`tent
`
`tple, Code-
`verks—have
`
`a and compa-
`useful third-
`By simplify-
`im achieved a
`Ve, and practi-
`
`I shows that a
`
`iven only
`C successful.
`mpanics are
`
`
`
`J
`
`
`
`

`

`Coming Next lssue
`
`SYST MS
`
`8 their applications
`
`
`
`
`
`. C O 0
`
`O 0
`
`Ill r'n lloaltlr Caro
`Over the last law years, optimism has grown that theworld of medicine is l'nolly going to he truly ”anllne.” Many
`believe thatthe answer to same olthe molar challenges laced lay the health care community lies in computerimtion, and
`it appearsthatwith increased networking capabilities, ellertive new solutionstoold problemsare emerging. Further-
`more, hath administrators as wsl aspractitioners arehecaning convincedthat technology will changethe late at health
`care,halonring improved anally ol patient (are with cost ellectlve management procedures.
`lire role atAl in provoking and supporting thesechanges isat particular interest; despiteAl'slong historyof research
`in the medical domain, relatively few Al systems are either currentlyin clinical practice or about to get there. Guest
`edited by Erika Rogers ofCalifornia Polytechnic State university, thisspecial issue considers the lollawing questions:What
`isthechanging late athealth tare? Haw doesthisoiled AI research inthismat end What contrdrutions can Al rrnko
`towards realizing these changes? Articles in this special issue are
`“Integratingo Knovrledgellased Systemlar Parenteral Nutritional Neonatesinto a Ginical intranet”
`~Guardian: An Intelligent Autonomous Agent lor llodical Monitoring and Diagnosis”
`"Neural Network Learning lor intelligent Patient Image Retrieval”
`”Knowledge Architectures lor PailentAccess to llreast-(ancer Inlormalion"
`'lraumaliO: 0n-Line Decision Support for trauma Management”
`”058le Voice-Enabled, Structured Medical Reporting'
`
`I
`
`IEEEExpert, covering the lull range of intelligent systems developments lot the Al practitioner,
`resemher, educator, and user.
`I!!! Intelligent Systems: Now name in 1998 /
`
`
`
`performance wireless network is in place.
`your sensitive data will not even be stored
`on the PDA but on a secure. central server,
`to be downloaded and decrypted on demand
`and then discarded. Thus. even if you lose
`your PDA, it will contain no sensitive data.
`For instuncc. as you hold your PDA. it will
`detect your pulse and measure your finger-
`prints, thereby continuing your identity. it
`will then unlock doors, let you pay bills at a
`hotel or restaurant. and provide your driver's
`license when you rent a car.
`Cryptography. when properly imple-
`mcnted. otters tremendous security—secti—
`rity well beyond what wc now tolerate irt
`
`
`tin: “real world." Digitally encrypting our
`credit curd number and storing it iii a PDA
`is far better thin stamping it on plastic and
`storing it in our wallets.
`
`All this and more. Besides these revolu-
`tionary changes evolution will ensure that
`these devices steadily improve. Memory
`capacity will incrcasc. as will the process-
`ing power and the performance of the wire-
`less network Battery life will lengthen.
`The screen. which is rather low-resolution
`at present, will become color with a very
`high resolution.
`
`
`
`‘I'he future commodity
`'l‘ltc Pilot‘s success is just the beginning.
`The market frcnry that the Pilot has created
`will ensure that PDAs soon incorporate all
`these technologies. and that they will be
`priced reasonably. Eventually. PDAs will be
`a commodity itcrn. much like calculators or
`digital watchcs are today. ’lhe PDA will Jllsl
`he a rather generic conduit. :1 standard plat-
`t‘onn. to access all your private. information.
`securely stored on a distant. rciiahlc server.
`There will he no risk if you lost your PDA;
`you will Just buy another one. pull out a
`backup, or bon‘ow your friends for a few
`minutes. You will not ltcsitatc to give your
`children each a PDA, just as you give them
`catch a packed lurtch box for school. Your
`PDA will grant you access to all your
`important data and devices. Soon you will
`nccd to carry little else.
`
`illustrations by Sally Lcc: sallyQi'slsJCS.
`ntitcdu: http:llw\vw.sls.lcs.mrt.edu/sally.
`
`viiflm“ i
`
`Rolntorl llnlrs
`
`Read more about the Pilot
`Download Pilot software
`Anexcellent tutorial on GPS
`Secret 2.0. for encrypting Pilot data
`
`http:llwww.3com.oomlpalml
`http:/Iwwwpolmpilotfilesoorn
`http://www.trimble.comlgpsl
`http://www.tphys.uni-hoidclbergdd-linkdpilotl
`secteLhtml
`
`»
`|
`I
`
`Metrowertrs CodeWan-ior developer's kit
`
`hwy/www.metmwerkmom
`
`LGE Exhibit-1007/Page 6 of 6
`
`