`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0253739 A1
`Livesey
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Oct. 16, 2008
`
`US 2008025.3739A1
`
`(54) PRODUCT INFORMATION DISPLAY AND
`PURCHASING
`
`(76) Inventor:
`
`Carl Livesey, Wigan (GB)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`BARLOW, JOSEPHS & HOLMES, LTD.
`101 DYER STREET, 5TH FLOOR
`PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`12/101485
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 11, 2008
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/944,689.
`filed on Nov. 26, 2007.
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(30)
`Apr. 14, 2007 (GB) ................................... 0707216.8
`Nov. 16, 2007 (GB) ................................... O722.532.9
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04N 5/91
`(52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 386/95
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`A method of providing additional information to a viewer of
`a moving image file is disclosed. The method includes the
`steps of providing one or more tags within the moving image
`file indicating the existence of additional product informa
`tion; visually indicating the existence of the tags alongside or
`over the moving image; detecting a request to view the prod
`uct information associated with the one or more tags; pausing
`the moving image; and displaying the requested product
`information over the paused image.
`
`f0.
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`Page i
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`AMAZON EX. 1022
`Amazon v. CustomPlay
`US Patent No. 9,124,950
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`Patent Application Publication
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`us
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`VIEWEAŠKET
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`DESCRIPTION
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`21-
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`PERSONADEAS
`-
`T BASKETDETALS
`TEM C ..."
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`27
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`CREDCARDDEAS
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`SUBTOTALT
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`TOTAL
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`CONGRATUATIONS
`YOURORDER HAS BEEN
`SUCCESSFUL
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`24
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`25
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`Figure 8
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`20
`Play tagged image file
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`202
`Detect tag and output
`visual indication
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`2O3
`Detect selection of visual
`indication,
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`204
`Pause playback and
`display information
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`205
`Detect selection of
`purchase icon
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`206
`Detect selection of
`checkout icon
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`Page ix
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`Figure 9
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`
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`301
`Play tagged image file
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`302
`Detect tag and scrolling
`over image
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`303
`Pause playback and output
`visual indication
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`304
`Detect selection of visual
`indication
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`305
`Display information
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`306
`Detect selection of
`purchase icon
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`307
`Detect selection of
`checkout icon
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`Page x
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Oct. 16, 2008 Sheet 10 of 10
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`PRODUCT INFORMATION DISPLAY AND
`PURCHASING
`
`0001. The present invention relates to a method and sys
`tem for providing product information to viewers of a moving
`image file and to a method and system operable in connection
`therewith for the purchase of such products.
`0002 Commonly, viewers of movies, television programs
`or other moving image media are greatly influenced by Such
`media. In particular, viewers may admire actors involved and
`clothing worn or other products utilised by those actors in the
`viewed media. Typically, obtaining information as to the
`exact identity of such products is not straightforward and may
`involve researching the matter in other media Such as news
`papers or magazines or on fans websites. Having obtained
`this information as to product identity, it may then require
`further research to determine if a product is available for sale
`and locate a retail channel by which the product may be
`obtained.
`0003. It is therefore an object of the present invention to
`provide a system and method by which these problems may at
`least partially alleviated or overcome.
`0004. According to a first aspect of the present invention
`there is provided a method of providing additional informa
`tion to a viewer of a moving image file comprising:
`0005 (a) providing one or more tags within the moving
`image file indicating the existence of additional product infor
`mation;
`0006 (b) visually indicating the existence of said tags
`alongside or over the moving image:
`0007 (c) detecting a request to view said product infor
`mation associated with said one or more tags;
`0008 (d) pausing said moving image; and
`0009 (e) displaying said requested product information
`over said paused image.
`0010. By use of the above method, a viewer can easily tell
`when there is further information available relating a product
`and can readily access that information.
`0011
`Whilst the method is set out in a particular order
`above, the invention may be implemented with in alternative
`orders if desired, required or appropriate. For instance, in
`Some embodiments step (d), pausing the moving image, may
`take place before step (b), visually indicating the existence of
`said tags.
`0012. The visual indication of the existence of a tag may
`be automatic or may be in response to viewer action. The
`viewer action may be a selection of a tag visual indication
`display mode. The tag visual indication display mode may
`toggle between enabled and not enabled. Alternatively, the
`tag visual indication display mode may be enabled tempo
`rarily in response to viewer selection or request. In Such cases,
`the mode may be enabled for a limited time period, say a few
`seconds, or for a duration dependent upon the image file, say
`until the end of a current scene. Additionally or alternatively,
`tag visual indication may be in response to viewer selection of
`a particular area of the displayed image. The area may be the
`area of the image wherein the associated product is displayed
`or may be another dedicated area of the image. The visual
`indication may be displayed for a limited time period, say a
`few seconds, or for a duration dependent upon the image file,
`say until the end of a current scene.
`0013. In the event that the visual indication only occurs
`after the image has been paused, the visual indication may
`
`occur in response to any viewer request to pause playback,
`any viewer request to pause playback when in a tag visual
`indication display mode or in response to viewer Scrolling a
`cursor over the displayed image, in any mode orina tag visual
`indication mode.
`0014. The visual indication of the existence of a tag may
`comprise the display of an product icon. The product icon
`may be displayed over the tagged product or may be dis
`played in an icon display area. The icon display area may be
`a barprovided along one edge of the display area. The product
`icon may comprise a representation of the associated product.
`The representation may be a stylised representation or may be
`a photographic type image.
`0015. Additionally or alternatively, the tagged product
`may be visually highlighted within the image. This visual
`highlighting may be momentary, intermittent or constant as
`desired. In some implementations, this highlighting may take
`place in response to a viewer request.
`0016. The displayed information may be displayed in a
`window or dialog box provided over the paused image. The
`displayed information may contain any of the following: a
`description of the qualities of the product, one or more images
`of the product, the name of the manufacturer and purchasing
`details for the product.
`0017 Viewer requests are preferably made using suitable
`control means. The control means may be any type of control
`means Suitable for interfacing with the system used to play
`and/or display the image file. Such suitable types of control
`means may include control interfaces provided directly upon
`the system, keyboards or keypads connected to the system by
`any Suitable wired or wireless link, cursor directing devices
`connected to the system by any suitable wired or wireless link
`or any other control unit.
`0018. The system may comprise an integrated device or
`one or more connected devices. Suitable systems for playing
`and/or displaying the image file may include computers or
`may include televisions and televisions operated in conjunc
`tion with a media player Such as a DVD player, games console
`or television signal decoder or through a mobile technology
`device
`0019. According to a second aspect of the present inven
`tion there is provided a system for providing additional infor
`mation to viewers of a moving image file comprising: file
`reading means for reading the moving image content of said
`moving image file and detecting the presence of one or more
`tags indicating the existence of associated product informa
`tion within the moving image file; display means operable to
`display the moving image content of the moving image file
`and to display a visual indication of the existence of said tags
`alongside or over the moving image; viewer actuable means
`for requesting the display of product information associated
`with said one or more tags wherein in response to the viewer
`actuable means the display means is operable to pause the
`moving image and display the requested information over the
`paused image.
`0020. The system of the second aspect of the present
`invention may incorporate any or all features of the first
`aspect of the present invention as desired or as appropriate.
`0021. According to a third aspect of the present invention
`there is provided an enhanced moving image file format com
`prising: a moving image file; one or more tags; and informa
`tion associated with said tags.
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`0022. The file format of the third aspect of the present
`invention may incorporate any or all features of the first or
`second aspects of the present invention as desired or as appro
`priate.
`0023 The file format may be based on any suitable mov
`ing image file format including MPEG and any file formats
`viewable in RealPlayerTM., QuickTimeTM or Windows Media
`PlayerTM.
`0024. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention
`there is provided a method of facilitating product sales com
`prising: displaying additional information to a viewer in
`accordance with the first aspect of the present invention
`wherein the displayed information relates to a particular
`product or products displayed on Screen and wherein the
`displayed information includes a selectable purchase icon,
`selection of which enables the connection of the viewer to an
`electronic commerce interface, for the purchase of said prod
`uct.
`0025. The method of the fourth aspect of the present
`invention may incorporate any or all features of the first,
`second or third aspects of the present invention as desired or
`as appropriate.
`0026. In this manner, a viewer can readily order a product
`seen in a viewed image file.
`0027. The selectable purchase icon may be revealed by
`scrolling over one or more regions of the image. In particular
`the selectable purchase icon may be revealed by scrolling
`over a product icon in the dialog box or along the icon display
`aca.
`0028. The purchase icon may be selected using suitable
`control means. The control means may be any type of control
`means mentioned in relation to the previous aspects of the
`present invention. The control means may also be used to
`operate the commerce interface.
`0029 Selection of the purchase icon may connect the
`viewer directly to said commerce interface. Alternatively,
`selection of the purchase icon may result in the addition of the
`product to a shopping list. After the product is added to the
`shopping list, the viewer may opt either to continue viewing
`the image file or to complete the purchasing process. The
`viewer may additionally or alternatively opt to complete the
`purchasing process at any time by selecting a displayed
`checkout icon.
`0030 The checkout icon may also be displayed in the icon
`display area during normal playing of the moving image file.
`Selection of the checkout icon may allow the viewer to review
`their shopping list before completing the purchase process.
`Additionally or alternatively, actuation of a particular control
`button on the control means may be equivalent to selection of
`the checkout icon.
`0031. The commerce interface may be any suitable com
`merce interface. In particular it may be an electronic com
`merce interface operable in response to input of viewer and
`product details to verify an order and Subsequently pass on
`order details to a manufacturer or distributor enabling the
`order to be fulfilled. Typically, the commerce interface may
`be operated on a remote server.
`0032. Once connected to the commerce interface, the
`viewer must enter and/or confirm their billing and/or delivery
`details. In some implementations, it is possible that the viewer
`may merely confirm previously entered billing and/or deliv
`ery details. Upon confirmation from the viewer of the billing
`and/or delivery details, the interface is operable to verify the
`order. If the order is verified, a confirmation message is com
`
`municated to the viewer. The viewer may then choose to
`return to normal operation of the viewing system by selecting
`an icon or otherwise.
`0033 According to a fifth aspect of the present invention
`there is provided a system for facilitating product sales com
`prising: a system for providing additional information to
`viewers of a moving image file according to the second aspect
`of the present invention, wherein the displayed information
`relates to a particular product or products displayed on Screen
`and wherein the displayed information includes a selectable
`purchase icon, the system further comprising: viewer oper
`ated control means for selecting said selectable purchase
`icon; and data transmission means operable to in response to
`the selection of said selectable purchase icon to enable con
`nection of the system to an electronic commerce interface, for
`the purchase of said product.
`0034. The system of the fifth aspect of the present inven
`tion may incorporate any or all features of the fourth aspect of
`the present invention as desired or as appropriate.
`0035. In order that the invention is more clearly under
`stood, it will be described in greater detail below, by way of
`example only, and with reference to the accompanying draw
`ings in which:
`0036 FIG. 1 shows an exemplary scene from a moving
`image file as it is displayed in an implementation of the
`present invention;
`0037 FIG. 2 illustrates the display of information about a
`featured product in an implementation of the present inven
`tion;
`0038 FIG. 3 illustrates the display after a product icon is
`scrolled over in an implementation of the present invention;
`0039 FIG. 4 illustrates an onscreen interface suitable for
`entering billing details in an implementation of the present
`invention;
`0040 FIG. 5 illustrates the display after completion of an
`order in an implementation of the present invention;
`0041
`FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a means by
`which a viewers order may be checked and fulfilled in an
`implementation of the present invention;
`0042 FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a viewing
`apparatus or system Suitable for facilitating the implementa
`tion of the present invention;
`0043 FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of
`one embodiment of the present invention;
`0044 FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of
`an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
`0045 FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a computer sys
`tem suitable for implementing the present invention.
`0046. The present invention provides a method by means
`of which a viewer of a moving image file (typically a film or
`computer game or television programme) may gain informa
`tion upon and if desired purchase products seen in the moving
`image file. In the method of the invention a moving image file
`is displayed on a display unit and the viewer is provided with
`a Suitable control means. The moving image file contains one
`or more tags indicating the existence of additional product
`information. The existence of said tags is displayed to the
`viewer along with the moving image file in response to a
`viewer selection, request or action. The viewer may then
`request the display of said information and if so minded, order
`the associated product.
`0047 Turning now to FIG. 1, an exemplary scene 10 from
`a moving image file is displayed on the display device. In FIG.
`1, a viewer selection of a tag visual indication display mode
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`has been made. Accordingly, the scene 10 is displayed with an
`icon bar 11 at the bottom of the image. If the tag visual
`indication display mode is not selected, the image file is
`displayed in the same manner as a conventional image file.
`The tag visual indication display mode can be temporary or
`can persist until the viewer selection is reversed. The selec
`tion may be made by actuating a Suitable input on the control
`means. If a tagged product appears within the scene, a select
`able icon 12 is displayed on the icon bar. Typically, as is
`shown in respect of the spectacles in FIG. 1, the icon may be
`pictorially representative of the icon that it is associated with.
`This enables the viewer to identify the product and to distin
`guish between two or more icons if there are two or more
`tagged products present in the displayed scene. Additionally
`or alternatively, the product may be highlighted either con
`stantly or momentarily within the moving image. In one par
`ticular implementation, the product is highlighted when the
`viewer scrolls a cursor over the area of the image where the
`product is positioned.
`0048. The icon 12 may be selected by use of the control
`means. This may beachieved by actuating a dedicated control
`input. Alternatively, if the control device is suitable (for
`instance, a computer mouse or similar), the viewer may
`directly select the product by scrolling a cursor over the
`product.
`0049. Upon selection, the image file is paused and, as is
`illustrated in FIG. 2, information relating to the product is
`displayed. The information may be displayed in a pop up
`window 13 provided over the paused image, as is shown in
`FIG. 2. Alternatively, the information may be displayed in an
`information bar alongside the paused image. The information
`may include a description of the qualities of the product 14,
`one or more images of the product 15, the name of the manu
`facturer and the price.
`0050. The displayed information also includes a selectable
`purchase icon 16, in this case, in the form of a shopping cart.
`In the presently described implementation, the purchase icon
`16 appears if the viewer scrolls over either the product icon 12
`or the product image 15 or operates a dedicated control input.
`The viewer may then select the purchase icon using the con
`trol means in any suitable manner. By Selecting this icon 16,
`the product is added to a customers shopping list. The viewer
`can review and edit their shopping list and proceed to pur
`chase by selecting the shopping carticon 17 displayed on the
`icon bar. Alternatively, the selection may be made by actuat
`ing a dedicated control input on the control means.
`0051. After adding the product to their shopping list, the
`viewer may choose to complete the purchase at this time or
`may choose to continue viewing the image file. Typically, this
`may be possible by selecting Suitable onscreen icons or but
`tons or by operating a Suitable input on the control means.
`0052. When a viewer chooses to complete their purchase,
`either directly after adding a product to their shopping list or
`upon finishing viewing the file, the viewer is required to enter
`personnel details 21 and billing details 22, via a suitable on
`screen interface 20, which may be of the type shown in FIG.
`4. In some implementations, the viewer may have saved Such
`details or may opt to save Such details and thus need not
`re-enter the details. The viewer may also view and/or edit the
`shopping list 27. Once the details are entered, the viewer can
`confirm the order by selection of an icon or button 23 pro
`vided or other suitable use of the control means. At any time,
`
`the viewer may clear entered data by selecting the icon or
`button 26 or continue viewing the image file by selecting the
`icon or button 25.
`0053. After confirmation of the order by the viewer, it is
`transmitted to a remote server 30 operating the interface for
`checking. Assuming that the payment details are correct and
`the order can be fulfilled, a confirmation message 24 is dis
`played to the viewer and the viewer is presented with a button
`oricon 25 enabling the option of resuming viewing operation,
`as is shown in FIG. 5.
`0054 Turning now to FIG. 6, one possible implementation
`of the means for checking and fulfilling a viewer order is
`shown. Information from the viewers viewing apparatus is
`communicated to a server 30. The server 30 is operable to
`check the viewer's order and billing details. If these are valid,
`the confirmation message 24 is relayed to the viewer's view
`ing apparatus. Additionally, the server 30 is operable to com
`municate the requisite order details to the manufacturer 31
`and/or distributor 32 for each of the ordered products. This
`allows the ordered products 33 to be delivered to the viewer
`34 in due course.
`0055. This method has the advantage of satisfying viewer
`curiosity about products in films, computer games and/or
`television programs whilst further providing a simple way for
`the viewer to order any products with which they are
`impressed. This is much simpler for the viewer than research
`ing the product and the manufacturer in order to place an
`order. Consequently, products featured in this manner might
`reasonably expect increased sales.
`0056. In order to implement the above method, it is nec
`essary to provide modified moving image files. This may be
`achieved by adding addition data fields into the image file.
`The additional fields may contain the icons displayed, data
`indicating when and where a featured product is visible to the
`viewer and information relating to the featured product.
`0057 The invention may be implemented for the viewer
`via a single device or via a linked system of devices. In order
`to be suitable to operate the invention, the single device or
`system must provide the elements illustrated in FIG. 7.
`Herein, the system 100 comprises a display unit 101, an
`image file playing means 102, a viewer operable control
`means 103 and data exchange means 104 by means of which
`data may be exchanged with the server 30.
`0.058 As an example, the system may comprise a com
`puter system (a Suitable example being the system sold by
`Dell under the model number Optiplex GX620) or may com
`prise a separate display unit and separate image file player (or
`of course an integrated display unit and player).
`0059. The computer system may be a computer system
`1001 of the type illustrated in FIG. 10 upon which an embodi
`ment of the present invention may be implemented. The com
`puter system 1001 includes a bus 1002 or other communica
`tion mechanism for communicating information, and a
`processor 1003 coupled with the bus 1002 for processing the
`information. The computer system 1001 also includes a main
`memory 1004, such as a random access memory (RAM) or
`other dynamic storage device (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM),
`static RAM (SRAM), and synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)),
`coupled to the bus 1002 for storing information and instruc
`tions to be executed by processor 1003. In addition, the main
`memory 1004 may be used for storing temporary variables or
`other intermediate information during the execution of
`instructions by the processor 1003. The computer system
`1001 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 1005 or
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`other static storage device (e.g., programmable ROM
`(PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), and electrically eras
`able PROM (EEPROM)) coupled to the bus 1002 for storing
`static information and instructions for the processor 1003.
`0060. The computer system 1001 also includes a disk con
`troller 1006 coupled to the bus 1002 to control one or more
`storage devices for storing information and instructions. Such
`as a magnetic hard disk 1007, and a removable media drive
`1008 (e.g., floppy disk drive, read-only compact disc drive,
`read/write compact disc drive, compact disc jukebox, tape
`drive, and removable magneto-optical drive). The storage
`devices may be added to the computer system 1001 using an
`appropriate device interface (e.g., Small computer system
`interface (SCSI), integrated device electronics (IDE),
`enhanced-IDE (E-IDE), direct memory access (DMA), or
`ultra-DMA).
`0061 The computer system 1001 may also include special
`purpose logic devices (e.g., application specific integrated
`circuits (ASICs)) or configurable logic devices (e.g., simple
`programmable logic devices (SPLDS), complex program
`mable logic devices (CPLDS), and field programmable gate
`arrays (FPGAs)).
`0062. The computer system 1001 may also include a dis
`play controller 1009 coupled to the bus 1002 to control a
`display 1010, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying
`information to a computer user. The computer system
`includes input devices, such as a keyboard 1011 and a point
`ing device 1012, for interacting with a computer user and
`providing information to the processor 1003. The pointing
`device 1012, for example, may be a mouse, a trackball, or a
`pointing Stick for communicating direction information and
`command selections to the processor 1003 and for controlling
`cursor movement on the display 1010. In addition, a printer
`may provide printed listings of data stored and/or generated
`by the computer system 1001.
`0063. The computer system 1001 performs a portion or all
`of the processing steps of the invention in response to the
`processor 1003 executing one or more sequences of one or
`more instructions contained in a memory, such as the main
`memory 1004. Such instructions may be read into the main
`memory 1004 from another computer readable medium, such
`as a hard disk 1007 or a removable media drive 1008. One or
`more processors in a multi-processing arrangement may also
`be employed to execute the sequences of instructions con
`tained in main memory 1004. In alternative embodiments,
`hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combina
`tion with software instructions. Thus, embodiments are not
`limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and
`software.
`0064. As stated above, the computer system 1001 includes
`at least one computer readable medium or memory for hold
`ing instructions programmed according to the teachings of
`the invention and for containing data structures, tables,
`records, or other data described herein. Examples of com
`puter readable media are compact discs, hard disks, floppy
`disks, tape, magneto-optical disks, PROMs (EPROM,
`EEPROM, flash EPROM), DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, or any
`other magnetic medium, compact discs (e.g., CD-ROM,
`DVD-ROM (including HD-DVD or Blu-ray DVD), or any
`other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, or other physi
`cal medium with patterns of holes, a carrier wave (described
`below), or any other medium from which a computer can
`read.
`
`0065 Stored on any one or on a combination of computer
`readable media, the present invention includes software for
`controlling the computer system 1001, for driving a device or
`devices for implementing the invention, and for enabling the
`computer system 1001 to interact with a human user (e.g.,
`print production personnel). Such software may include, but
`is not limited to, device drivers, operating systems, develop
`ment tools, and applications software. Such computer read
`able media further includes the computer program product of
`the present invention for performing all or a portion (if pro
`cessing is distributed) of the processing performed in imple
`menting the invention.
`0066. The computer code devices of the present invention
`may be any interpretable or executable code mechanism,
`including but not limited to Scripts, interpretable programs,
`dynamic link libraries (DLLs), Java classes, and complete
`executable programs. Moreover, parts of the processing of the
`present invention may be distributed for better performance,
`reliability, and/or cost.
`0067. The term “computer readable medium' as used
`herein refers to any medium that participates in providing
`instructions to the processor 1003 for execution. A computer
`readable medium may take many forms, including but not
`limited to, non-volatile media, Volatile media, and transmis
`sion media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, opti
`cal, magnetic disks, and magneto-optical disks, such as the
`hard disk 1007 or the removable media drive 1008. Volatile
`media includes dynamic memory, Such as the main memory
`1004. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper
`wire and fiber optics, including the wires that make up the bus
`1002. Transmission media also may also take the form of
`acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio
`wave and infrared data communications.
`0068. Various forms of computer readable media may be
`involved in carrying out one or more sequences of one or
`more instructions to processor 1003 for execution. For
`example, the instructions may initially be carried on a mag
`netic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can
`load the instructions for implementing all or a portion of the
`present invention remotely into a dynamic memory and send
`the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A
`modem local to the computer system 1001 may receive the
`data on the telephone line and use an infrared transmitter to
`convert the data to an infrared signal. An infrared detector
`coupled to the bus 1002 can receive the data carried in the
`infrared signal and place the data on the bus 1002. The bus
`1002 carries the data to the main memory 1004, from which
`the processor 1003 retrieves and executes the instructions.
`The instructions received by the main memory 1004 may
`optionally be stored on storage device 1007 or 1008 either
`before or after execution by processor 1003.
`0069. The computer system 1001 also includes a commu
`nication interface 1013 coupled to the bus 1002. The commu
`nication interface 1013 provides a two-way data communi
`cation coupling to a network link 1014 that is connected to,
`for example, a local area network (LAN) 1015, or to another
`communications network 1016 such as the Internet or any
`broadcast signal Such as a terrestrial or satellite television or
`radio network. For example, the communication interface
`1013 may be a network interface card to attach to any packet
`Switched LAN. As another example, the communication
`interface 1013 may be an asymmetrical digital subscriber line
`(ADSL) card, an integrated services digital network (ISDN)
`card or a modem to provide a data communication connection
`
`Page 4
`
`
`
`US 2008/0253739 A1
`
`Oct. 16, 2008
`
`to a corresponding type of communications line. Wireless
`links may also be implemented. In any Such implementation,
`the communication interface 1013 sends and receives electri
`cal, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data
`streams representing various types of information.
`0070 The network link 1014 typically provides data com
`munication through one or more networks to other data
`devices. For example, the network link 1014 may provide a
`connection to another computer through a local network 1015
`(e.g., a LAN) or through equipment operated by a service
`provider, which provides communication services through a
`communications network 1016. The local network 1014 and
`the communications network 1016 use, for example, electri
`cal, electro
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