United States Patent (19)
`Paulraj et al.
`54). SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING INA CELLULAR
`NETWORK
`75 Inventors: Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, Stanford;
`Robert W. Heath, Jr., Hayward;
`Peroor K. Sebastian; David J.
`Gesbert, both of Mountain View, all of
`Calif.
`73 Assignee: Gigabit Wireless, Inc., Mountain View,
`Calif.
`21 Appl. No.: 09/364,146
`22 Filed:
`Jul. 30, 1999
`51
`Int. Cl." ............................ H04Q 7/28: H04B 7/216;
`H04B 7/185; H03D 3/22
`52 U.S. Cl. ........................... 370/329; 370/342; 370/341
`58 Field of Search ..................................... 370/328,329,
`370/347, 341, 342, 326, 319, 431, 464,
`310; 455/13.1, 507, 509, 524,560; 375/299
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,345,599 9/1994 Paulraj et al. .
`5,504,936 4/1996 Lee.
`5,592,471
`1/1997 Briskman ................................ 455/506
`5,642,353 6/1997 Roy, III et al. ......................... 370/329
`5,729,825 3/1998 Kostreski et al..
`5,732,075 3/1998 Tangemann et al..
`5,828,658 10/1998 Ottersten et al. ....................... 370/329
`5,841,971 11/1998 Longginou et al..
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Arogyaswami J. Paulraj and Constantinos B. PapadiaS
`“Space-Time Processing for Wireless Communications”,
`IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Nov. 1997.
`Primary Examiner-Chi H. Pham
`ASSistant Examiner Brenda H. Pham
`
`56)
`
`134 ".
`
`
`
`US006067290A
`6,067,290
`Patent Number:
`11
`May 23, 2000
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm Beyer Weaver Thomas &
`Nguyen
`57
`ABSTRACT
`The present invention provides methods and apparatus for
`implementing Spatial multiplexing in conjunction with the
`one or more multiple acceSS protocols during the broadcast
`of information in a wireleSS network. A wireleSS cellular
`network for transmitting Subscriber datastream(s) to corre
`sponding ones among a plurality of Subscriber units located
`within the cellular network is disclosed. The wireless cel
`lular network includes base Stations and a logic. The base
`Stations each include Spatially Separate transmitters for
`transmitting, in response to control signals, Selected Sub
`Streams of each Subscriber datastream on an assigned chan
`nel of a multiple access protocol. The logic communicates
`with each of the base Stations. The logic assigns an available
`channel on which to transmit each Subscriber datastream.
`The logic routes at least a Substream of each datastream to
`at least a Selected one of the base Stations. The logic also
`generates control Signals to configure the at least a Selected
`one of the base Stations to transmit the Selected Substreams
`to a corresponding one among the plurality of Subscriber
`units on the assigned channel. A Subscriber unit for use in a
`cellular system is also disclosed. The subscriber unit
`includes: Spatially Separate receivers, a Spatial processor,
`and a combiner. The Spatially Separate receiverS receive the
`assigned channel composite Signals resulting from the Spa
`tially Separate transmission of the Subscriber downlink
`datastream(s). The spatial processor is configurable in
`response to a control Signal transmitted by the base Station
`to Separate the composite signals into estimated Substreams
`based on information obtained during the transmission of
`known data patterns from at least one of the base Stations.
`The Spatial processor Signals the base Stations when a
`change of a Spatial transmission configuration is required.
`The combiner combines the estimated SubStreams into a
`corresponding Subscriber datastream.
`47 Claims, 31 Drawing Sheets
`
`sMix Y104c
`
`Circuit Packet Switched
`
`SPATIAL MULTIPLEX
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 1 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`
`
`/- 02 ||
`
`
`
`XEITc||JLTTIIN TVI.LV/dS
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 2 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`N
`
`&
`
`s
`
`/ N
`/
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 3 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 4 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`V N
`
`?h
`
`\
`
`&
`
`GN
`
`9 L
`
`
`
`
`
`GN
`
`9 LL
`
`
`
`o
`st
`
`V
`st
`
`C
`GN
`9
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 5
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 5 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`ogb‘o-l/sassaomd |onu03 weansdn
`
`co
`(D
`u_.
`
`o
`8
`
`ZLS
`
`we
`
`
`
`
`———————————————————
`
`/ ,
`|
`=.
`“
`\ 3 SBOOJd “INSUBJL'
`E
`
`""""""""""
`
`
`
`
`96
`
`em
`
`‘
`
`134T >
`
`1-
`‘—'
`{
`
`136T
`
`134R
`
`l'rv :5
`
`:5
`a:h
`4.0
`a
`|
`:3
`Spatial
`3220
`Proc-ssor
`-
`_________________ \
`9|“\zfiéééiiyierrgggsgp
`f9
`792 V-ont
`Ietec or
`m
`
`Flrst Stage
`fl‘
`}
`'4 136R
`A
`A
`
`§
`
`x
`
`2,. i
`3 :1
`
`r»
`,0
`
`é x
`5 5
`o
`
`9621s gsJH
`
`
`
`372
`
`382
`*8
`34445530509393;
`|
`"""""J""""""""
`
`Jossaamd
`
`
`
`IBDEdS
`
`#—
`apooaa
`
`Jaungoo
`E
`
`A
`
`392
`
` 360
`
`x
`
`|\ Final Sta-e
`
`"""'Tf5h'§rh_ii'''''
`
`358
`
`F
`
`Process
`
`356
`
`Selector
`
`3
`
`SubscriberUnit
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 6
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 6 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`00ff
`
`9/ |
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 7 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`92 ||
`
`007
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 8 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`0017
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 9 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`5
`
`3
`
`S.
`
`3
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 10 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`002
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 11 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`0 0
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 12 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 13 of 31
`
`290
`6,067
`9
`
`009
`
`
`
`| ||
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 14 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 15 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`009
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 16 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`009
`
`801,
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 17
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 17 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`mm.0.”—
`
`we__m3
`
`
`7Flows.
`
`we.
`
`.wmo_o>_
`
`we,
`
`_
`
`FEES
`
`mt
`
`mszEOU
`
`con
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 18
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 18 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`029
`
`JOSSeoo.
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 19
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 19 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`W\\\\\\\\\\
`
`Spatial Processor
`
`FIG. 7A
`
`.
`
`""7
`
`§
`
`owns.“oc.
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`
`
`Spatial Processor
`
`FIG. 73
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 20
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 20
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 20 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`§NE\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
`
`|\\\
`
`Space-Time Processor
`
`FIG. 7C
`
`\
`
`\‘_
`
`790
`
`Space-Time Processor
`
`
`
`\\\\\\\\\\\\WW\\m§\\\
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 21
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 21
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 21 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`CO
`
`9 L
`
`s
`GN 3 CC ?a
`
`4. C Y
`
`cN H
`
`O 3
`
`4 CC
`3 n1. H
`
`area
`
`-
`
`-
`
`S’
`
`are area as a
`
`GN
`
`w
`
`-
`
`-
`
`- area
`
`w
`
`O
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 22 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`VINCIL XeId?InW
`
`Ie?edS
`
`LITWISN\/>| L.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`, , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| _ZZ6
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 23 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`f5usseool emeoe
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VINCIL
`
`
`
`XæId?In?N Ie??edS
`
`
`
`EAIE OERH
`
`
`
`882069
`
`JOSSeoO.
`eledS
`
`??????????? Jeuquoo
`
`&uun?eC] )
`
`Ol
`
`INCIL
`
`
`
`JO?0?IÐS ?OIS
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 24
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 24 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`.2285
`
`$35.35.
`
`2%?
`
`mv
`
`ESQ
`
`10136|as AouanbaJd
`
`
`
`<2..0."—
`
`
`
`
` mumH,.8x3»@‘20E.56983:523‘Em:Ai,i!:|__«2x4«mm
`\......P.........l.l,BEBE
`
`
`moor
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 25
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`\mHllllllllllllllllONO
`
`
`
`va
`
`mnvbfi»mmwu
`#32WE:
`
`\>:m.w>_n__
`
`me8
`
`m:_E._ou_Emmm"3F33
`
`35.80hm€5.36nu
`_uos=ocma"8.01
`
`LNo
`
`
`
`—"
`
`.wo
`
`
`
`"82non32
`
`_82
`
`
`
`—
`
`"mu1.OreNoor
`
`.cos=ocmAv8.
`
`
`
`
`SEEM.e
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 25
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`828
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 25 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`OpeeS
`Aouen be
`
`? Ipoua
`
`ae?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VINCIH
`
`
`
`Xe|d|}|n|N. Ie?eds
`
`
`
`EAIE OERH
`
`5uguoueeg
`| fullpooed L-S
`| Alsemic
`
`
`
`JOSSeoO1
`eledS
`
`Jeuquoo
`
`69
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 26
`
`

`

`6,067,290
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 26 of 31
`
`LIINSNV/RIL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`, ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - powjou= ------+
`
`» • • •
`
`- - - - - - - an in a
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 27 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`Oman
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8:c2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.ouoflmm
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8:W,,.w__m&mwsmM50:50
`
`..................fl
`
`.0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`awe?mg:0.3—.
`
`
`
`xanzs=2“me
`
`$200
`
`m_>_m_0m_m
`
`......S:
`
`
`v.33Iamas.2_
`33.898580moeI..uHacum0m:m;wGmoSaonAnaa3daw.ImamI:3I.aeoqOPE—5mgmuI]nInp1.1sepuKWomwwkoI
`
`3.8m:er.
`cmmhawwo"mMw.5/JU,EH0Jmu5I
`
`u_on...
`.m|aat
`
`m8:The:Mw.25.......v.......4/mefwwmWemm
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 28
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 28
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 28 0f 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`.mzmaw
`
`xggazs
`
`<Eom
`
`._.=>_wz<m_._.
`
`.ONF
`
`Dorm
`
`,mw
`
`_Ean__
`
`TSQ
`
`wmvk
`
`_N8_o>_
`
`2‘
`
`Jomalas 6uuaa13 weag
`
`Bumoo .L'S
`/ MISJaAm
`
`NNF
`
`1..-____..—____——____—
`
`Emwm
`
`92¢on
`
`NONF
`
`
`
`<Nr.0."—
`
`
`
`N20»
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 29
`
`8NEEk'l!
`
`...mEmETE..5,Ly
`
`
`
`
`
`NN.N...r........3N\mNNF
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`at...”0.5F
`
`«5.2~52
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 29
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`M
`
`nU92,7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`mfifiufilummMSImnHSHn0$2meWm.-mmW.,.w_.mamw..nW5WWB.ENFM
` 1...\....va.........|.|...."3_.mmfmmmommWW8SW"0ma_n2mm;eI.mmamAmwGAW.mmaW.:WmmSWdm0om.Mmmmwmm.mHoWI.um\uoEoo
`V“.“““““““““““wya9.3
`
`
`
`66:80
`M,Ew>oowm
`
`2.fink
`
`mg.0."—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5.05.35..9ng
`
`<2om
`
`m>_m0m_m
`
`Jossaomd
`
`leneds
`
`wmm
`
`
`Japooau
`
`Jaungog
`
`
`
`OH
`
`
`
`
`
`
`wwmcan
`
`mm
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 30
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 30
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 30 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`1300
`
`Next
`Datastream
`
`F.G. 13A
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 23, 2000
`
`Sheet 31 of 31
`
`6,067,290
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1350
`
`Next
`Datastream
`
`Spatial
`
`- 1370
`Substream
`i
`
`FIG. 13B
`
`
`
`354
`
`1372 -N
`
`
`
`Select
`Access
`
`1356
`
`1374
`
`1358
`
`Train?
`update
`
`No
`Signal Base
`
`1362
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`- 1380
`
`
`
`Separation ?
`
`Signal Base
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 32
`
`

`

`6,067,290
`
`1
`SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING IN A CELLULAR
`NETWORK
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Copyright Authorization
`
`A portion of the disclosure of this patent document
`contains material which is subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
`reproduction by any one of the patent disclosure, as it
`appears in the US. Patent and Trademark Office patent files
`or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights what-
`soever.
`
`1. Field of Invention
`
`The field of the present invention relates in general to the
`field of wireless broadcast of information using one or more
`multiple access protocols and in particular to methods and
`apparatus for implementing spatial multiplexing in conjunc-
`tion with the one or more multiple access protocols during
`the broadcast of information.
`
`2. Description of the Related Art
`In wireless broadcast systems, information generated by a
`source is transmitted by wireless means to a plurality of
`receivers within a particular service area. The transmission
`of such information requires a finite amount of bandwidth,
`and in current state of the art transmission of information
`from different sources, must occur in different channels.
`
`Since there are quite a few services (e.g. television, FM
`radio, private and public mobile communications, etc.)
`competing for a finite amount of available spectrum, the
`amount of spectrum which can be allocated to each channel
`is severely limited. Innovative means for using the available
`spectrum more efficiently are of great value. In current state
`of the art systems, such as cellular telephone or broadcast
`television, a suitably modulated signal is transmitted from a
`single base station centrally located in the service area or cell
`and propagated to receiving stations in the service area
`surrounding the transmitter. The information transmission
`rate achievable by such broadcast
`transmission is con-
`strained by the allocated bandwidth. Due to attenuations
`suffered by signals in wireless propagation, the same fre-
`quency channel can be re-used in a different geographical
`service area or cell. Allowable interference levels determine
`
`the minimum separation between base stations using the
`same channels. What is needed is a way to improve data
`transfer speed in the multiple access environments currently
`utilized for wireless communications within the constraints
`of available bandwidth.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention provides methods and apparatus for
`implementing spatial multiplexing in conjunction with the
`one or more multiple access protocols during the broadcast
`of information in a wireless network.
`
`In an embodiment of the invention, a wireless cellular
`network for transmitting subscriber datastream(s) to corre-
`sponding ones among a plurality of subscriber units located
`within the cellular network is disclosed. The wireless cel-
`
`lular network includes base stations and a logic. The base
`stations each include spatially separate transmitters for
`transmitting in response to control signals and selected
`substreams of each subscriber datastream on an assigned
`channel of a multiple access protocol. The logic communi-
`cates with each of the base stations. The logic assigns an
`available channel on which to transmit each subscriber
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`datastream. The logic routes at least a substream of each
`datastream to at least a selected one of the base stations. The
`logic also generates control signals to configure at least a
`selected one of the base stations to transmit the selected
`substreams to a corresponding one among the plurality of
`subscriber units on the assigned channel.
`In an embodiment of the invention, a subscriber unit for
`use in a cellular system with base stations, each including
`spatially separate transmitters for transmitting selected sub-
`streams of at least one of a plurality of subscriber downlink
`datastream(s) on an assigned channel of a multiple access
`protocol, is disclosed. The subscriber unit includes: spatially
`separate receivers, a spatial processor, and a combiner. The
`spatially separate receivers receive the assigned channel
`composite signals resulting from the spatially separate trans-
`mission of the subscriber downlink datastream(s). The spa-
`tial processor is configurable in response to a control signal
`transmitted by the base station to separate the composite
`signals into estimated substreams based on information
`obtained during the transmission of known data patterns
`from at least one of the base stations or by using blind
`training techniques. The spatial processor signals the base
`stations when a change of a spatial transmission configura-
`tion is required in order to resolve the composite signals into
`estimated downlink datastream(s). The combiner combines
`the estimated substreams into a corresponding subscriber
`datastream.
`
`In another embodiment of the invention, a wireless cel-
`lular network for
`transmitting subscriber downlink
`datastream(s) from a first network to subscribers located
`within the wireless cellular network is disclosed. The wire-
`less cellular network includes: base stations, subscriber units
`and a logic. The base stations are each configured for
`spatially separate transmission of selected substreams of
`each subscriber downlink datastream on an assigned channel
`of a multiple access protocol. The subscriber units are each
`configured for spatially separate reception on the assigned
`channel of the selected substreams, for combining the sub-
`streams into the corresponding subscriber datastream and for
`initiating a change signal to at least one of the base stations
`when a change of a spatial transmission configuration is
`required in order to separate the selected substreams. The
`logic communicates with each of the base stations and to the
`first network. The logic is configured to route at least a
`substream of each subscriber downlink datastream to at least
`
`a selected one of the base stations and further configured to
`vary the routing between a single base station and multiple
`base stations to vary a spatial transmission configuration of
`the selected substreams.
`
`In another embodiment of the invention, a wireless cel-
`lular network for receiving subscriber datastreams at corre-
`sponding ones among a plurality of base stations located
`within the cellular network is disclosed. The wireless cel-
`
`lular network includes: subscriber units and logic. The
`subscriber units each include spatially separate transmitters
`for transmitting,
`in response to control signals, selected
`substreams of each subscriber datastream on an assigned
`channel of a multiple access protocol. The logic communi-
`cates with each of the base stations. The logic generates
`control signals to configure selected ones of the base stations
`to receive composite signals resulting from the spatially
`separate transmission of the selected substreams from a
`corresponding one among the plurality of subscriber units on
`the assigned channel. The logic also converts the composite
`signals into estimate substreams and combines the estimated
`substreams of each subscriber datastream into each sub-
`scriber datastream.
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 33
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 33
`
`

`

`6,067,290
`
`3
`In another embodiment of the invention, a wireless cel-
`lular network for
`transmitting subscriber downlink
`datastream(s) from a first network to subscribers located
`within the wireless cellular network is disclosed. The wire-
`
`less cellular network includes base stations and logic. The
`base stations include at least one transmitter, for transmitting
`in response to control signals selected substreams of each
`subscriber datastream on an assigned channel of a multiple
`access protocol. The logic communicates with each of the
`base stations. The logic for assigns an available channel on
`which to transmit each subscriber datastream. The logic
`routes at least a substream of each datastream to at least a
`
`10
`
`selected one of the base stations. The logic further generates
`control signals to configure the at least a selected one of the
`base stations to transmit the selected substreams to a corre-
`
`15
`
`sponding one among the plurality of subscriber units on the
`assigned channel.
`In an embodiment of the invention, a method for trans-
`mitting subscriber downlink datastream(s) from base sta-
`tions to corresponding ones among a plurality of subscriber
`units is disclosed. The method includes the acts of:
`
`routing at least a substream of each subscriber downlink
`datastream to selected one of the base stations;
`transmitting the at least a substream of each subscriber
`downlink datastream from the selected one of the base
`
`stations on an assigned channel of a multiple access
`protocol; and
`re-routing at least a substream of each subscriber down-
`link datastream between a single base station and
`multiple base stations responsive to a determination
`that a change of a spatial transmission configuration of
`the at least a substream of each subscriber downlink
`
`datastream signal is required.
`In another embodiment of the invention, a method for
`receiving subscriber downlink datastream(s)
`transmitted
`from a plurality of spatially separate transmitters is dis-
`closed. The method includes the acts of:
`
`least one of the
`receiving signals generated from at
`plurality of spatially separate transmitters;
`determining a number of substreams to be derived from
`the signals;
`separating the signals into the number of substreams
`determined in said act of determining; and
`combining the substreams into a corresponding subscriber
`downlink datastream.
`In another embodiment of the invention, a wireless cel-
`lular network for transmitting subscriber datastream(s) to
`corresponding ones among a plurality of subscriber units
`located within the cellular network is disclosed. The wireless
`cellular network includes:
`
`means for routing at least a substream of each subscriber
`downlink datastream to selected ones of the base sta-
`tions;
`means for transmitting the at least a substream of each
`subscriber downlink datastream from the selected ones
`
`of the base stations on an assigned channel of a multiple
`access protocol; and
`means for re-routing the at least a substream of each
`subscriber downlink datastream between a single base
`station and multiple base stations responsive to a signal
`from a corresponding one of the subscriber units
`requesting a change of spatial transmission configura-
`tion.
`In another embodiment of the invention, a subscriber unit
`for use in a cellular system with base stations each including
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`spatially separate transmitters for transmitting selected sub-
`streams of at least one of a plurality of subscriber downlink
`datastream(s) on an assigned channel of a multiple access
`protocol is disclosed. The subscriber unit includes:
`means for receiving signals generated from at least one of
`the plurality of spatially separate transmitters;
`means for determining a number of substreams to be
`derived from the signals;
`means for separating the signals into the number of
`substreams determined in said act of determining;
`means for combining the substreams into a corresponding
`subscriber downlink datastream; and
`means for signaling the base when a change of a spatial
`transmission configuration is required in order to
`resolve the composite signals into estimated sub-
`streams.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`These and other features and advantages of the present
`invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the
`art from the following detailed description in conjunction
`with the appended drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless cellular network incorporating
`spatial multiplexing and multiple access according to the
`current invention.
`FIG. 1B is a detailed view of selected cells within the
`cellular network shown in FIG. 1A.
`
`FIG. 1C shows a cell architecture that provides overlap-
`ping regions suitable for multi-base spatial multiplexing.
`FIGS. 2A—F show alternate embodiments for the sub-
`scriber units utilized in the wireless cellular network shown
`in FIGS. 1A—B.
`
`FIG. 3 shows a detailed hardware block diagram of a
`single base station and subscriber unit for use in the wireless
`cellular network shown in FIGS. lA—B.
`
`FIGS. 4A—J show detailed hardware block diagrams of
`the multiple access hardware for controlling the transmis-
`sion of subscriber datastream(s) from one or more of the
`base stations within the wireless network.
`
`FIGS. 5A—B show detailed hardware block diagrams of
`the hardware associated with the receipt of multiple sub-
`scriber datastream(s) at
`the base stations of the wireless
`network of the current invention.
`
`FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of the signals and the
`symbols associated with the transmission and receipt of
`spatially multiplexed signals according to an embodiment of
`the current invention.
`
`FIGS. 7A—B show detailed hardware block diagrams of
`the configurable spatial processor associated with the
`receiver circuitry receiver, according to an embodiment of
`the current invention.
`
`FIGS. 7A—D show detailed hardware block diagrams of a
`configurable space and space-time processor associated with
`the configurable spatial receiver according to an embodi-
`ment of the current invention.
`
`FIG. 8 shows in-band training and data signals for cali-
`brating the spatially configurable receiver during the trans-
`mission of spatially multiplexed data, according to an
`embodiment of the current invention.
`
`FIGS. 9A—B are respectively detailed hardware block
`diagrams of a spatially multiplexed transmitter and receiver
`implementing a time-division multiple access protocol
`(TDMA), according to an embodiment of the current inven-
`tion.
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 34
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 34
`
`

`

`6,067,290
`
`5
`FIGS. 10A—B are respectively detailed hardware block
`diagrams of a spatially multiplexed transmitter and receiver
`implementing a frequency-division multiple access protocol
`(FDMA), according to an embodiment of the current inven-
`tion.
`
`FIGS. 11A—B are respectively detailed hardware block
`diagrams of a spatially multiplexed transmitter and receiver
`implementing a code-division multiple access protocol
`(CDMA), according to an embodiment of the current inven-
`tion.
`
`FIGS. 12A—B are respectively detailed hardware block
`diagrams of a spatially multiplexed transmitter and receiver
`implementing a space-division multiple access protocol
`(SDMA), according to an embodiment of the current inven-
`tion.
`
`FIGS. 13A—B are process flow diagrams showing the acts
`associated with respectively the spatially multiplexed trans-
`mission and reception of datastream(s) in any one of a
`number of multiple access protocols, according to an
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`A method and apparatus is disclosed which allows for
`both spatial multiplexed and non-spatial wireless commu-
`nications between portable units and corresponding selected
`ones among a plurality of base stations. The methods and
`apparatus of the current invention may be implemented on
`a dedicated wireless infrastructure or may be superimposed
`on existing wireless communications systems, such as cel-
`lular telephone and paging services, which are currently in
`place around the world. The methods and apparatus include
`implementation in any of a number of multiple access
`protocols.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`Spatial Multiplexing and Multiple Access
`
`Spatial multiplexing (SM) is a transmission technology
`which exploits multiple antennas at both the base station(s)
`and at
`the subscriber units to increase the bit rate in a
`
`40
`
`wireless radio link with no additional power or bandwidth
`consumption. Under certain conditions, spatial multiplexing
`offers a linear increase in spectrum efficiency with the
`number of antennas. Assuming, for example, N=3 antennas
`are used at
`the transmitter and receiver,
`the stream of
`possibly coded information symbols is split into three inde-
`pendent substreams. These substreams occupy the same
`channel of a multiple access (MA) protocol, the same time
`slot in a time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol, the
`same frequency slot in frequency-division multiple access
`(FDMA) protocol,
`the same code/key sequence in code-
`division multiple access (CDMA) protocol or the same
`spatial
`target
`location in space-division multiple access
`(SDMA) protocol. The substreams are applied separately to
`the N transmit antennas and launched into the radio channel.
`
`Due to the presence of various scattering objects (buildings,
`cars, hills, etc.) in the environment, each signal experiences
`multipath propagation. The composite signals resulting from
`the transmission are finally captured by an array of receive
`antennas with random phase and amplitudes. For every
`substream the set of N received phases and N received
`amplitudes constitute its spatial signature.
`At the receive array, the spatial signature of each of the N
`signals is estimated. Based on this information, a signal
`processing technique is then applied to separate the signals,
`recover the original substreams and finally merge the sym-
`bols back together. Linear or nonlinear receivers can be used
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`6
`providing a range of performance and complexity trade-offs.
`A linear spatial multiplexing receiver can be viewed as a
`bank of superposed spatial weighting filters, where every
`filter aims at extracting one of the multiplexed substreams
`by spatially nulling the remaining ones. This assumes, of
`course, that the substreams have different signatures.
`If the transmitter is equipped with M antennas, while the
`receiver has N antennas,
`the rate improvement factor
`allowed by spatial multiplexing is the minimum of these two
`numbers. Additional antennas on the transmit or receive side
`
`are then used for diversity purposes and further improve the
`link reliability by improving, for example,
`the signal-to-
`noise ratio or allowing for smaller fading margins, etc.
`Effectively spatial multiplexing allows a transmitter receiver
`pair to communicate in parallel
`through a single MA
`channel, hence allowing for a possible N-fold improvement
`of the link speed. More improvement is actually obtained if
`we take into account
`the diversity gain offered by the
`multiple antennas (for
`instance,
`in a Raleigh fading
`channel). Such performance factors are derived ideally
`under the assumption that
`the spatial signatures of the
`substreams are truly independent from each other. In reality,
`the level of independence between the signatures will deter-
`mine the actual
`link performance. The performance,
`however, usually exceeds that obtained by a single antenna
`at the transmitter and receiver. For example, at two GHZ,
`assuming the base station and the subscriber unit are spaced
`apart by one mile and using three antennas at each end of the
`link, a scattering radius of about 30 feet (both ends) is
`enough to achieve maximum performance.
`FIG. 1A shows a plurality of subscriber units wirelessly
`coupled over a cellular network to a network 100. Network
`100 may include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area
`network (WAN), a public switched telephone network
`(PSTN), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), an adhoc
`network, a virtual private network, an intranet or the inter-
`net. The wireless system includes: a central office (CO) 102,
`a master switch center (MSC) 106, a ground based relay
`station 110, satellites (112), base stations 120, 126 and 132
`(BTS) and subscriber units 156, 138, 144, 150 and 162. The
`subscriber units may be mobile, fixed or portable. The base
`stations may be fixed or mobile. The base stations may
`include: a tower, satellites, balloons, planes, etc. The base
`station may be located indoors/outdoors. The cellular net-
`work includes one or more base stations, where each base
`station includes one or more spatially separate transmitters.
`The central office 102 is coupled to the network 100.
`Network 100 may be circuit switched (e.g. point-to-point) or
`packet switched network. The central office is coupled to a
`master switching center 106. The MSC in traditional cellular
`systems is alternately identified as: a mobile telephone
`switching office (MTSO) by Bell Labs, an electronic mobile
`Xchange (EMX) by Motorola, an AEX by Ericcson, NEAX
`by NEC, a switching mobile center (SMC) and a master
`mobile center (MMC) by Novatel. The MSC is coupled via
`data/control line 108 to the satellites via relay station 110
`and to the base stations. In an alternate embodiment of the
`
`invention, base station controllers (BSC) may serve as
`intermediary coupling points between the MSC and the base
`stations.
`In the embodiment shown, each of the BTS
`includes an array of spatially separate antennas for trans-
`mission and/or reception. The BTS may also include tradi-
`tional antenna for whichever of the receive/transmit side of
`its communication capability lacks spatially separate
`antenna and associated circuitry. Antennas of a transmitter/
`receiver are defined to be spatially separate if they are
`capable of transmitting/receiving spatially separate signals.
`
`|PR2018—01476
`
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 35
`
`IPR2018-01476
`Apple Inc. EX1005 Page 35
`
`

`

`6,067,290
`
`7
`Physically separate antenna may be used to transmit/receive
`spatially separate signals. Additionally, a single antenna may
`be used to transmit/receive spatially separate signals pro-
`vided it includes the ability to transmit/receive orthogonal
`radiation patterns. Hereinafter, the phrase “spatially sepa-
`rate” shall be understood to include any antenna or trans-
`mitter or receiver capable of communicating spatially sepa-
`rate signals. The base stations are configured to
`communicate with subscriber units of a traditional type, i.e.
`those lacking either spatially separate transmission/
`reception as well as spatially enabled subscriber units, i.e.
`those includin