PCT
`
`WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION
`International Bureau
`
`
`
`INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`
`(51) International Patent Classification 6 =
`H04B 7/216, 7/26
`l_____
`
`(11) International Publication Number:
`A1
`.
`.
`.
`
`(43) International Publication Date:
`
`wo 95/10145
`.
`13 Apnl 1995 (13.04.95)
`
`(21) International Application Number:
`
`PCT/F194l00441
`
`(22) International Filing Date:
`
`3 October 1994 (03.10.94)
`
`(30) Priority Data:
`934353
`
`4 October 1993 (04.10.93)
`
`FI
`
`(74) Agent: TEKNOPOLIS KOLSTFR OY; C/O 0y Kolster Ab, ISO
`Roobertinkaru 23, PO. Box 148, FIN—00121 Helsinki (FD.
`
`(81) Designated States: AU, CN, DE, GB, JP, NC, US, European
`patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU,
`MC, NL, PT, SE).
`
`(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): NOKIA Published
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS OY [FI/FI]; Mikkylfin puis-
`With intemational search report.
`totie 1, FIN-02600 Espoo (Fl).
`Before the expiration of the time limit for amending the
`claims and to be republished in the event of the receipt of
`amendments.
`In English translation (filed in Finnish).
`
`(72) Inventors; and
`Ilkka
`(75) [mentors/Applicants (for US only): KESKITALO,
`[Fl/Fl]; Rantapolku 1N2, FIN-90940 Jaali (Fl). KIEMA,
`Arto [Fl/Fl]; Erkkilankatu 8 As 2, FIN-24280 Salo (Fl).
`SAVUSALO, Jari [Fl/Fl]; Valtatie 73 A 16, FIN-90500
`Oulu(FI). SIIRA Anne [Fl/GB]; 6NapoleonAvenue, Fam-
`borough, Hampshire GU14 8LY (GB) KARKKAINEN,
`Ari [Fl/Fl]; Sarkamaki FIN-79999 Varkaus (Fl) UOLA,
`Risto [Fl/Fl]; Nummikatu 19 B 5, FIN—90100 Oulu (Fl).
`KUHN, Ingo [DE/Fl]; Puutarhakatu 14 As 5, FN-90100
`Oulu (PI). HOTTINEN, Ari [Fl/Fl]; Koulukatu 33-35 B 4,
`FIN—90100 Oulu (FI). JOLMA Petri [Fl/Fl]; Hintantie 78
`A3 FIN-90650 Oulu (Fl)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(54) Title: METHOD OF INCREASING SIGNAL QUALITY BY ADJUSTING THE SPREADING RATIO IN A CDMA CELLULAR
`RADIO SYSTEM
`
`MyHi:
`
`(57) Abstract
`
`The invention relates to a CDMA cellular radio system, comprising in each cell at least one base station (BTS) connected to the
`mobile stations (M81, M82) in the cell, in which system a data signal of each user generated with a given bit rate is multiplied by a
`spreading code generated with a bit rate considerably higher than the bit rate of the data signal, the ratio between the data signal and the
`spreading code forming the spreading ratio of the connection, and in which system signals multiplied by the spreading codes of several
`users are transmitted on the same frequency band. To improve the quality of a connection between a mobile station and a base station, the
`spreading ratio of the connection between the base station (BTS) and the mobile station (MSl, M82) is adjusted during the connecu'on on
`the basis of signal quality.
`
`|PR2018—O1473
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`FOR THE PURPOSES 0F INFORMATYON ONLY
`
`Codes used to identify States party to the PCT on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international
`applications under the PCT.
`
`AT
`AU
`BB
`BE
`BF
`BG
`BJ
`BR
`BY
`CA
`CF
`CG
`CH
`Cl
`CM
`CN
`CS
`CZ
`
`agangg
`
`Austria
`Australia
`Barbados
`Belgium
`Burkina Faso
`Bulgaria
`Benin
`Brazil
`Belarus
`Canada
`Central African Republic
`Congo
`Switzerland
`C6te d‘Ivoire
`Cameroon
`China
`Czechoslovakia
`Czech Republic
`Germany
`Denmark
`Spain
`Finland
`France
`Gabon
`
`Mauritania
`Malawi
`Niger
`Netherlands
`Norway
`New Zealand
`Poland
`Portugal
`Romania
`Russian Federation
`Sudan
`Sweden
`Slovenia
`Slovakia
`Senegal
`Chad
`Togo
`Tajikistan
`Trinidad and Tobago
`Ukraine
`United States of Anna-lea
`Uzbekistan
`Viet Nam
`
`Japan
`Kenya
`Kyrgyslan
`Democratic People's Republic
`of Korea
`qublic of Korea
`Kazakhstan
`Liechtenstein
`Sri Lanka
`Luxembourg
`Latvia
`Monaco
`Republic of Moldova
`Madagascar
`Mali
`Mongolia
`
`
`
`|PR2018—O1473
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`PCT/FI94/0044l
`
`Method of increasing signal quality by adjusting the spreading ratio
`in a<11flkce1hflar raik)systen
`
`The invention relates to a CDMA cellular radio
`
`system,
`
`comprising in each cell at
`
`least one base
`
`station connected to the mobile stations in the cell,
`
`in which system a data signal of each user generated
`
`with a given bit rate is multiplied by a spreading code
`
`generated with a bit rate considerably higher than the
`
`bit rate of the data signal,
`
`the ratio between the data
`
`signal and the spreading code forming the spreading
`
`ratio of the connection, and in which system signals
`
`multiplied by the spreading codes of several users are
`
`transmitted on the same frequency band.
`
`CDMA is a multiple access method, which is
`
`based on the spread spectrum technique, and which has
`
`been applied recently in cellular radio systems,
`
`in
`
`addition to the prior FDMA and TDMA methods. CDMA has
`
`several advantages over the prior methods, for example
`
`spectral efficiency and the simplicity of
`
`frequency
`
`planning.
`
`In FDMA, users are distinguished from one
`
`another by means of frequency; each data signal of the
`
`user has
`
`a dedicated frequency band.
`
`In TDMA,
`
`the
`
`frequency band is divided into successive time slots,
`
`and the data signal of each user is transmitted in its
`
`own
`
`recurrent
`
`time slot.
`
`In the case of
`
`combined
`
`FDMA/TDMA, several such frequency bands may be in use.
`
`In CDMA,
`
`the narrow-band data signal of the
`
`user is modulated by a pseudorandom sequence, called the
`
`spreading code, having a broader hand than the data
`
`signal.
`
`In connection with modulation,
`
`the signal
`
`test
`In known
`relatively wide band.
`to a
`spreads
`systems, bandwidths such as 1.25 MHz, 10 MHz and 50 MHz
`
`have been used. The spreading code consists of a number
`
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`2
`
`of bits. The bit rate of
`
`the spreading code is much
`
`higher than that of the data signal, and the bits of the
`
`spreading code are called chips to distinguish them from
`
`data bits and data symbols. Each data symbol of the user
`
`is multiplied by the Chips of the spreading code. The
`
`narrow—band data signal thus spreads to the frequency
`
`band to be used. The ratio between the bit rate of the
`
`spreading code and the bit rate of the data signal is
`
`called the spreading ratio of the CDMA system.‘
`
`Each user has a separate spreading Code. The
`
`data
`
`signals
`
`of
`
`several
`
`users
`
`are
`
`transmitted
`
`simultaneously on the same frequency band. Correlators
`
`provided in the receivers are synchronized with a
`
`desired signal, which they recognize on the basis of the
`
`spreading code, and they restore the band of the signal
`
`to its original bandwidth. Signals arriving at
`
`the
`
`receiver and containing the wrong spreading code do not
`
`correlate in an ideal case, but retain their wide band
`
`and appear thus as noise in the receivers. The spreading
`
`codes used by the system are preferably selected in such
`
`a way that they are mutually orthogonal,
`
`i.e.
`
`they do
`
`not correlate with each other.
`
`A
`
`typical
`
`feature
`
`of
`
`a
`
`cellular
`
`radio
`
`environment is that a signal propagating between a user
`
`and a base station does not propagate along a single
`
`straight path from the transmitter to the receiver but
`
`along several paths varying in length, depending on the
`
`properties of the environment. This kind of multipath
`
`propagation occurs even though there were direct line
`
`of
`
`sight between the base station and the mobile
`
`station. This multipath propagation is mainly due to the
`
`reflections of the signal from the surrounding surfaces.
`
`Signals propagating along different paths have different
`
`transmission delays,
`
`and so they differ in phase on
`
`arriving at the receiver.
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`3
`
`Generally speaking,
`
`spreading codes are not
`
`orthogonal with all possible delay values. Signals with
`
`different delays therefore interfere with the detection
`
`of other signals. Users thus interfere with each other,
`
`and this is called multiple access interference. CDMA
`
`is an
`
`interference—limited system.
`
`The effect of
`
`multiple access interference increases with the number
`
`of
`
`system users, which degrades the signal-to—noise
`
`ratio of connections.
`
`In view of the capacity_of the
`
`CDMA system,
`
`the optimum situation at the base station
`
`is when all signals arrive at the base station with the
`
`same signal-to-noise ratio. For this purpose,
`
`the CDMA
`
`system utilizes power control. The transmit power used
`
`by the mobile stations is controlled according to each
`
`situation. Thus, for example when a mobile station moves
`
`further away from the base station, it increases its
`
`transmit power so that the level of the signal received
`
`at the base station would not deteriorate.
`
`There may, however, occur situations in the
`
`CDMA system where the deterioration of signal quality
`
`cannot be compensated for by power control. This occurs
`
`for
`
`example
`
`if
`
`the mobile
`
`station is
`
`already
`
`transmitting with its highest power. When the connection
`
`deteriorates, it is not possible to increase the power
`
`any more. Another such situation occurs when the mobile
`
`station is located at the border of the cell. Thus the
`
`signal
`
`it
`
`is
`
`transmitting
`
`interferes with
`
`the
`
`neighbouring cell,
`
`and
`
`an
`
`increase
`
`in power
`
`is
`
`disadvantageous to the entire system. In particular, if
`
`the system utilizes the so-called hard handover,
`
`i.e.
`
`the mobile station breaks
`
`its connection with the
`
`previous base station before a connection is established
`
`to the new base station, interference to the cell of the
`
`new base station is strong before the handover.
`
`In
`
`addition, if the traffic load in the cell is heavy, an
`
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`W0 95/10145
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`PCT/F194/0044]
`
`4
`
`increase in the transmit power of even one mobile
`
`station increases
`
`the
`
`amount
`
`of multiple
`
`access
`
`interference in the entire cell and may cause a break
`
`in the connections of other mobile stations.
`
`Differentinterferenceeliminationnethodshave
`
`been previously presented as a solution to the above—
`
`described problem.
`
`In said methods the effect of the
`
`major
`
`interference is eliminated from the received
`
`signal by means of digital signal processing. However,
`
`these methods are very complicated and require intricate
`
`calculations. Therefore,rx)practical implementaticu1has
`
`been presented so far.
`
`The purpose of
`
`the present
`
`invention is to
`
`realize a cellular radio system, where it is possible
`
`to improve the quality of
`
`the connection between a
`
`mobile station and a base station without power control
`
`and interference elimination methods.
`
`This is achieved in a cellular radio system
`
`according to the
`
`introduction,
`
`the
`
`system being
`
`characterized in that
`
`the spreading ratio of
`
`the
`
`connection between a base station and a mobile station
`
`is adjusted during the connection on the basis of signal
`
`quality.
`
`The bit rate of the spreading code is thus much
`
`higher than the bit rate of the data signal. A typical
`
`bit rate of the data signal is for example 9.6 kbit/s.
`
`Correspondingly,
`
`the bit rate of the spreading code may
`
`be for example 1.228 Mbit/s. The spreading ratio at the
`
`aforementioned bit rates is 128, i.e. 21 dB.
`
`The higher the spreading ratio of
`
`the CDMA
`
`system is, the better the system tolerates interference
`
`signals.
`
`In a system according to the invention,
`
`the
`
`spreading ratflo of a connection can be altered,
`
`if
`
`necessary, and the quality of the connection may thus
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`WO 95/10145
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`PCT/F194/0044]
`
`5
`
`be improved without increasing the transmit power and
`
`the interference to other connections in the cell.
`
`The spreading ratio can be altered either by
`decreasing the data rate of the user or by increasing
`the data rate of the spreading code. In the latter case,
`
`the frequency band of the modulated signal will also be
`increased.
`
`In the
`
`following,
`
`the
`
`invention will
`
`be
`
`described in greater detail with reference. to the
`
`examples according to the accompanying drawings,
`which
`
`in
`
`Figure 1
`
`shows a part of
`
`a cellular radio
`
`system according to the invention,
`
`Figure 2 shows a simplified example of a CDMA
`
`transmitter,
`
`Figure 3 shows a simplified example of a CDMA
`
`receiver,
`
`Figure 4
`
`shows
`
`the form of
`
`the signals in
`
`different parts of the CDMA system, and
`
`Figures 5 and 6 show the form of the signals
`
`in different parts of the CDMA system in two preferred
`embodiments.
`
`Figure 1 shows a part of a cellular network,
`
`where
`
`a base station BTS
`
`communicates with mobile
`
`stations M81, M82 in its area. The BTS is connected to
`
`a base station controller BSC by means of a digital
`
`transmission link 10, the base station controller being
`
`connected to other parts of the cellular network and to
`
`the fixed network. The mobile stations are located at
`
`different distances
`
`from the base station,
`
`and to
`
`minimize multiple access interference in the receiver
`
`of the base station the mobile stations adjust their
`
`transmit power according to control signals supplied by
`
`the base station. Mobile station MSl located nearer to
`
`the base station uses, over
`
`the connection 11,
`
`a
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`WO 95/10145
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`6
`
`transmit power which is on average lower than the one
`
`mobile station MS2
`
`further
`
`away is using over
`
`the
`
`connection 12. However, local variations may temporarily
`
`cause strong variations in signal powers.
`
`When the mobile station M82 is moving further
`
`away from the base station,
`
`it has to increase its
`
`power, since attenuation over the connection between the
`
`mobile station and the base station increases. Due to
`
`the propagation conditions of the signals,
`
`the mobile
`
`station may be in a situation where the quality of the
`
`connection is not adequate,
`
`even though the station
`
`transmitted with the highest permitted transmit power.
`
`The base station may use as a standard for the quality
`
`of the connection for example the received signal power,
`
`the
`
`signal—to-noise
`
`ratio or
`
`the bit error
`
`rate
`
`calculated from the received signal.
`
`Figure 2 shows a simplified CDMA transmitter,
`
`and correspondingly Figure 3
`
`shows a CDMA receiver.
`
`Figure 4 illustrates the forms of signals in the system.
`
`Assume that in the exemplary case the spreading ratio
`
`of the system is 100, i.e. 20 dB.
`
`In the CDMA transmitter,
`
`a narrow—band data
`
`signal 20 of
`
`the user,
`
`as
`
`shown in Figure 4a,
`
`is
`
`modulated by the spreading code 22 of the connection in
`
`a multiplier 21.
`
`In the example,
`
`the bit rate of the
`
`spreading code is thus hundredfold compared to the data
`
`rate of the user. After this,
`
`the signal is multiplied
`
`23
`
`by
`
`a
`
`radio-frequency signal
`
`received from an
`
`oscillator 24,
`
`and after filtering 25,
`
`the wide-band
`
`signal of Figure 4b is supplied to an antenna 26. It
`
`must be noted that for the sake of clarity the wide-band
`
`signals
`
`in Figures
`
`4,
`
`5
`
`and
`
`6
`
`are
`
`shown with
`
`considerably' narrower bands
`
`than what
`
`they have in
`
`reality. Actually, with the spreading ratio of
`
`this
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`7
`
`example the difference in the bandwidths of the signals
`
`in Figures 4a and 4b is hundredfold.
`
`In the CDMA receiver of Figure 3, an antenna
`
`30 is receiving the signal of Figure 40, comprising the
`
`transmitted wide-band signal 42, and interference and
`
`noise 41 present
`
`in the radio path. According to the
`
`CDMA method,
`
`the interference and the noise may be
`
`stronger than the desired signal. The difference between
`
`10
`
`the interference and the desired signal may_be for
`example 15 dB.
`
`The
`
`received signal
`
`is supplied through a
`
`filter 31
`
`first
`
`to a multiplier 32, where
`
`it
`
`is
`
`multiplied by a radio—frequency signal supplied from an
`
`oscillator 33. After
`
`this,
`
`the received signal
`
`is
`
`multiplied by the spreading code 35 of the connection
`
`in a multiplier 34. At this point,
`
`the signal has the
`
`form shown in Figure 4d, where the desired signal 43 has
`
`been restored,
`
`in connection with the multiplying,
`
`to
`
`its original narrow band, and the interference 44 has
`
`retained its wide band. The desired signal has a certain
`
`signal-to—noise ratio S/N, which in the example at the
`
`border of the cell may be 5 dB.
`
`If the quality' of
`
`the connection from the
`
`mobile station to the base station in the example is not
`
`adequate with said signal—to-noise ratio,
`
`the mobile
`
`station can alter the spreading ratio according to the
`
`invention to improve the interference tolerance of the
`
`connection. Assume that the spreading ratio is increased
`
`to 200, i.e. 23 dB. The increase in the original value
`is thus 3 dB.
`
`In one preferred embodiment of the invention,
`
`the spreading ratio can be increased by decreasing the
`
`bit rate of the data signal of the user. This can be
`
`achieved for example by introducing half rate in speech
`
`coding. The form of the signals is thus correspondingly
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`
`8
`
`similar to that in Figure 5. Figure 5a shows a narrow-
`
`band data signal of the user, and in Figure 5b it is
`
`modulated by the spreading code. Figure Sc shows the
`
`received signal, where
`
`the difference between the
`
`desired wide—band signal and the interference is still
`
`15 dB. Figure 5d shows a demodulated signal, and it is
`
`apparent that the change of 3 dB in the spreading code
`
`is directly transferred to the signal—to-noise ratio of
`
`the received signal, which is now 8 dB. The level of the
`
`signal
`
`is thus better even though the transmit power
`
`remains
`
`the same. The quality of
`
`the speech may,
`
`however, be slightly poorer than when a higher user data
`
`rate is being utilized.
`
`In
`
`another
`
`preferred
`
`embodiment
`
`of
`
`the
`
`invention,
`
`the spreading ratio can be increased by
`
`increasing the bit rate of the spreading code. It is not
`
`necessary to change or increase the spreading code as
`
`such, but the data bits of the user can be multiplied
`
`twice in succession by the same spreading code sequence.
`
`Correspondingly, the form of the signals is in this case
`
`similar to Figure 6. Figure 6a shows a narrow-band data
`
`signal of the user, and in Figure 6b it is modulated by
`
`the spreading code. The band of the modulated signal has
`
`now increased to twofold in the example. Figure 6c shows
`
`the received signal, where the difference between the
`
`desired wide-band signal and the interference is still
`
`15 dB. Figure 6d shows a demodulated signal,
`
`and the
`
`change of 3 dB in the spreading ratio is also in this
`
`case directly transferred to the signal-to—noise ratio
`
`of the received signal.
`
`The invention is described above by way of
`
`example so that the spreading ratio is altered in the
`
`signal transmitted by the mobile station. However,
`
`the
`
`adjustment of the spreading ratio is also applicable in
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`

`

`W0 95/10145
`
`PCT/F194/00441
`
`9
`
`a similar way in the signal
`station.
`
`transmitted by the base
`
`The adjustment of the spreading ratio can be
`
`controlled either at the base station BTS, at the base
`
`station controller BSC or
`mobile station M82.
`
`the like, or also at
`
`the
`
`Even though the invention is described above
`
`according to the
`with reference to the examples
`accompanying drawings, it is clear that the invention
`
`is not
`
`limited thereto, but it can be modified in
`
`10
`
`various ways within the scope of
`
`the inventive idea
`
`disclosed in the appended claims.
`
`|PR2018—O1473
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`

`W0 95/10145
`
`PCTIF194/0044]
`
`10
`
`Claims:
`
`1. A CDMA cellular radio system, comprising in
`
`each cell at least one base station (BTS) connected to
`
`the mobile stations (M81, M82)
`
`in the cell,
`
`in which
`
`system a data signal of each user generated with a given
`
`bit rate is multiplied by a spreading code generated
`
`with a bit rate considerably higher than the bit rate
`
`of the data signal,
`
`the ratio between the data signal
`
`and the spreading code forming the spreading ratio of
`
`the connection, and in which system signals multiplied
`
`by the spreading codes of several users are transmitted
`
`on the same frequency band,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the spreading ratio of the connection between
`
`a base station (BTS) and a mobile station (M81, M82) is
`
`adjusted during the connection on the basis of signal
`
`quality.
`
`2.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS)
`
`and the mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is
`
`provided by altering the bit rate of the data signal.
`
`3.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS)
`
`and the mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is
`
`provided by altering the bit rate of the spreading code.
`
`4.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the spreading ratio
`
`of the connection between the base station (BTS) and the
`
`mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is adjusted in the signal
`
`transmitted by the mobile station.
`
`5.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the spreading ratio
`
`of the connection between the base station (BTS) and the
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`3O
`
`35
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
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`

`WO 95/10145
`
`PCT/F194/00441
`
`11
`
`mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is adjusted in the signal
`
`transmitted by the base station.
`
`6.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the spreading code
`
`of the connection between the base station (BTS) and the
`
`mobile station (M81, M82) is adjusted on the basis of
`
`the signal—to—noise ratio measured from the signal
`
`received at the base station.
`
`7.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the spreading ratio
`
`of the connection between the base station (BTS) and the
`
`mobile station (M81, M82) is adjusted on the basis of
`
`the bit error rate calculated from the signal received
`at the base station.
`
`8.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS) and the mobile station (M81, M82) is based
`
`on the signal power measured from the signal received
`at the base station.
`
`9.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS)
`
`and the mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is
`
`controlled at the base station.
`
`10.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS)
`
`and the mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is
`
`controlled at the base station controller (BSC).
`
`11.
`
`A
`
`system according
`
`to
`
`claim 1,
`
`c h a r a c t e r i z e d
`
`in that the adjustment of
`
`the spreading ratio of the connection between the base
`
`station (BTS)
`
`and the mobile station (M81, M82)
`
`is
`
`controlled at the mobile station.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
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`

`

`W0 95/ 10145
`
`PCT/F194/00441
`
`10
`
`BSC
`
`1/3
`
`11
`
`W;
`BTS \<
`
`FIG. 1
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
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`
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`

`

`W0 95/10145
`
`PCT/F194/0044]
`
`
`
`FIG. 2
`
`
`
`FIG. 3
`
`’
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
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`
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`

`

`WO 95/10145
`
`PCT/F194/00441
`
`U0.OE
`
`om.0_n_
`
`no.07..
`
`mm.07..
`
`/\
`
`mo
`
`Nw
`
`ZEAvw
`
`S
`
`/\
`
`9
`
`7:2
`
`3
`
`UV.9“—
`
`mm
`
`3/3
`
`
`
`Z\mfivm
`
`NV
`
`3
`
`mm
`
`Hm
`
`2»..o_“_
`
`um.0_n_
`
`om.GE
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 16
`
`IPR2018-01473
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`
`

`

`INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
`
`1
`
`A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER
`
`
`International application No.
`
`
`
`PCT/F1 94/00441
`
`
`
`IPC6: H04B 7/21615 H04B 7/26
`According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC
`B. FIELDS SEARCHED
`
`
`IPC6: H04B
`Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched
`
`
`
`
`Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols)
`
`SE,DK,FI,NO classes as above
`
`Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used)
`
`EPODOC
`
`
`PAJ
`C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
`
`Category" Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate of the relevant passages
`
`Relevant to claim No.
`
`
`
`
`
`”E”
`”L”
`
`”0”
`
`
`
`EP, A2, 0594325 (OLMSTEAD, DAVID), 27 April 1994
`(27.04.94), column 5,
`line 35 - line 37; column 11,
`line 36 - column 12,
`line 24
`
`EP, A2, 0496354 (SONY CORPORATION), 29 July 1992
`(29.07.92), abstract
`
`N0, A1, 9403002 (COMSOURCE SYTEMS CORPORATION),
`3 February 1994 (03.02.94), page 6,
`line 14 - line 21, abstract
`
`US, A, 5341396 (ROBERT P. HIGGINS ET AL),
`23 August 1994 (23.08.94), abstract
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`m Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. m See patent family annex.
`*
`Special categories of cited documents:
`”'1‘”
`later document published alter the international filing date or prmmy
`date and not in conflict with the application but cited to undersInml
`”A”
`document defining the general state of the art which is not considered
`the principle or theory underlying the invention
`to be of particular relevance
`erlier document but published on or after the international filing date
`document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or which is
`cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other
`special reason (as specified)
`document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other
`means
`
`'X” document of particular relevance: the claimed invenuoncannot he
`considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an InvcnlIve
`step when the document is taken alone
`”Y" document of particular relevance: the claimed invention cannot bc
`considered to involve an anennve step when the document IS
`,
`combined with one or more other such documents, such combinanon
`
`”P"
`
`document published prior to the international filing date but later than
`being obvxous to a person skilled m the art
`the priority date claimed
`'&” document member of the same patent family
`
`Date of the actual completion of the international search
`Date of mailing of the international search report
`2 2 -02- 1995
`
`
`21 Februar
`1995
` Authorized officer
`Name and mailing address of the ISA/
`
`Swedish Patent Office
`
`
`
`Box 5055, 8-102 42 STOCKHOLM
`Elisabet Aselius
`
`
`Facsimile No. + 46 8 666 02 86
`
`
`Telephone No.
`+46 8 782 25 00
`
`
`
`Form PCT/lSA/210 (second sheet) (July 1992)
`
`|PR2018-01473
`
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`
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`
`

`

`2
`
`INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
`
`International application No.
`
`PCT/F1 94/00441
`
`C (Continuation). DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
`
`Category' Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages
`
`Relevant to claim No.
`
`1-11
`
`1-11
`
`[
`
`P,A
`
`W0, A1, 9419876 (QUALCOMM INCORPORATED),
`
`
`1 Sept 1994 (01.09.94), abstract
`
`
`
`P,A
`
`US, A, 5335249 (THOMAS E. KRUEGER ET AL),
`2 August 1994 (02.08.94), abstract
`
`
`
`Form PCT/ISA/210 (continuation of second sheet) (July 1992)
`
`|PR2018—O1473
`
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`
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`

`

`INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
`Information on patent family members
`
`International application No.
`
`
`
`
`09/02/95
`
`PCT/FI 94/00441
`
`member(s)
`
`date
`
`
`
`cited in search report
`
`dale
`
`EP-A2-
`
`0594325
`
`27/04/94
`
`EP-AZ-
`
`0496354
`
`29/07/92
`
`
`
`NONE
`
`21/10/93
`642571
`AU-B-
`23/07/92
`1020692
`AU-A-
`
`
`25/08/92
`4237228
`JP-A-
`22/06/93
`5222099
`US-A-
`
`
`
`
`25/08/92 JP-A- 4237229
`
`
`Form PCT/ISA/210 (patent family annex) (July 1992)
`
`
`IPR201 8-01473
`
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`
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`