`
`
`
`
`
`Merrill Communications LLC
`d/b/a Merrill Corporation
`Exhibit 1011
`
`

`

`(12) United States Patent
`Davis
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`USOO7650355B1
`
`REUSABLEMACRO MARKUPLANGUAGE
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(54)
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`(*)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Notice:
`
`Inventor: Russell T. Davis, Bethesda, MD (US)
`Assignee: E-Numerate Solutions, Inc., McLean,
`VA (US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`Appl. No.: 09/573,780
`May 18, 2000
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Provisional application No. 60/135,525, filed on May
`21, 1999, provisional application No. 60/183,152,
`filed on Feb. 17, 2000.
`
`Filed:
`
`Int. C.
`(2006.01)
`G06F 7/30
`U.S. Cl. ........................... 707/102; 707/101: 707/3;
`707/204; 715/234; 715/202
`Field of Classification Search ................. 707/103,
`707/102, 100, 3, 6, 101, 10, 345/604; 715/517,
`715/500, 503, 513,523, 50.1
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6, 1987 Hernandez et al.
`4,674,043 A
`4, 1991 Bly et al. .................... 715/751
`5,008,853 A *
`(Continued)
`
`Bruce Hallberg et al., “Special Edition. Using Microsoft(R) Excell 97.
`Bestseller Edition,” Que(R) Corporation (1997).
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner Cam YT Truong
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Finnegan, Henderson,
`Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Methods and systems in accordance with the present inven
`tion provide macros and a markup language referred to as
`Reusable Macro Markup Language (“RMML') which allows
`numerical analysis routines to be written quickly, cheaply,
`and in a form that is usable by a broad range of data docu
`ments in the Reusable Data Markup Language (“RDML)
`formatting language. RMML and RDML are markup lan
`guages, such as the Hypertext Markup Language (“HTML')
`or the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Generally,
`RDML facilitates the browsing and manipulation of numbers,
`as opposed to text as in HTML, and does so by requiring
`attributes describing the meaning of the numbers to be
`attached to the numbers. RMML allows spreadsheet type
`macros to be posted as web documents, to be searched by
`search engines, to be combined into more complex programs,
`and to be reused with many data documents. RMML macros
`also provide reusable user-defined calculations for use in
`conjunction with RDML that automatically manipulate and
`display numerical data contained in RDML markup docu
`mentS.
`
`56 Claims, 40 Drawing Sheets
`
`Locate Documents
`
`r 1002
`
`Select Document to be
`Transformed
`
`1004
`
`
`
`006
`
`Access Line tem
`H -
`Determine Desired
`Y 1008
`Transformation
`
`Access Unit, Magnitude,
`Modifier, Scale, Measure,
`and Adjustmeat Attributes
`
`ra 1010
`
`r- 1012
`
`Determine Conversion
`Factors for Each Attribute
`M. t y the conversion
`Factors to Manipulate the
`numbers of the Documentor-101
`Line tem
`--
`Display Transformed
`r 10s
`Cocument online tem
`
`
`
`Another
`Line term to be
`
`

`

`US 7,650,355 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1/1994 Grady et al.
`5,276,776 A
`8, 1994 Risberg et al. .............. 715,762
`5,339,392 A
`5,371,675 A 12, 1994 Greifet al. .................. 71.5/220
`5,423,032 A
`6/1995 Byrd et al.
`5,603,021 A
`2/1997 Spencer et al. ................. 707/4
`5,721,847 A
`2/1998 Johnson ...................... 715,786
`5,737,592 A
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`5,754,939 A
`5/1998 Herz et al.
`5,822,587 A 10, 1998 McDonald et al.
`5,838,906. A 1 1/1998 Doyle et al.
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`4, 1999 Jackson
`5,913,214. A
`6/1999 Madnicket al.
`5,917,485. A
`6/1999 Spellman et al.
`5,920,828 A
`7, 1999 Norris et al. .................. TO2/14
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`9, 1999 Johnson et al. ............... T14? 38
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`9/1999 Pyreddy et al.
`5,956,737 A
`9/1999 King et al. .................. 71.5/517
`5,974,413 A 10/1999 Beauregard et al. ............ 707/6
`5,983,247 A 11/1999 Yamanaka et al. .......... 715,209
`5.999,944 A 12/1999 Lipkin
`6,014,661 A
`1/2000 Ahlberg et al. ................. 707/3
`6,026,388 A
`2/2000 Liddy et al.
`6,026,397 A
`2/2000 Sheppard
`6,034,676 A * 3/2000 Egan et al. .................... 7O1/29
`6,058,385 A
`5, 2000 Koza et al.
`6,065,026 A
`5/2000 Cornelia et al. ............. 715,531
`6,092,036 A
`7/2000 Hamann ........................ TO4/8
`6,097,888 A
`8/2000 Simonyi
`6,108,662 A
`8/2000 Hoskins et al. ............. 707/102
`6,121,924 A
`9/2000 Meek et al. ............ 342.357.13
`6,134,563 A 10/2000 Clancey et al.
`6, 160,549 A 12/2000 Touma et al.
`6,167.409 A * 12/2000 DeRose et al. .............. 715,513
`6,173,284 B1
`1/2001 Brown
`6,195,676 B1* 2/2001 Spix et al. ................... 718/107
`6,199,046 B1
`3, 2001 Heinzle et al.
`6,199,080 B1
`3, 2001 Nielson
`6,223,189 B1
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`6,240,407 B1
`5/2001 Chang et al.
`6,243,698 B1
`6, 2001 Powers et al.
`6.256,030 B1
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`6,314,562 B1
`1 1/2001 Biggerstaff
`6,317,750 B1
`1 1/2001 Tortolani et al.
`6,349,307 B1
`2/2002 Chen
`6,351,755 B1
`2/2002 Najork et al.
`6,356,920 B1
`3, 2002 Vandersluis
`6,366,915 B1
`4/2002 Rubert et al.
`6,370,537 B1
`4/2002 Gilbert et al.
`6,370,549 B1
`4/2002 Saxton
`6,373,504 B1
`4/2002 Nielsen
`6,374,274 B1 * 4/2002 Myers et al. ................ 715,523
`6,418.433 B1
`7/2002 Chakrabarti et al.
`6.421,656 B1
`7/2002 Cheng et al.
`6.421,822 B1
`7/2002 Pavela ........................ 717/125
`6.424,980 B1
`7/2002 Iizuka et al. ................ T15,206
`6,460,059 B1
`10/2002 Wisniewski
`6,470,349 B1
`10/2002 Heninger et al.
`6,493,717 B1 12/2002 Junkin
`6,505,246 B1
`1/2003 Land et al.
`6,507,856 B1
`1/2003 Chen et al.
`6,581,068 B1
`6/2003 Bensoussan et al.
`6,591.272 B1
`7, 2003 Williams
`6,594,653 B2
`7/2003 Colby et al.
`6,615,258 B1
`9/2003 Barry et al.
`6,629,094 B1
`9/2003 Colby et al.
`6,635,089 B1
`10/2003 Burkett et al.
`6,667,747 B1 * 12/2003 Spellman et al. ............ 715,714
`6,721,736 B1
`4/2004 Kruget al.
`
`6/2004 Biggerstaff
`6,745,384 B1
`4/2005 Davis
`6,886,005 B2
`6,910,017 B1 * 6/2005 Woo et al. ..................... 70.5/10
`6,912,293 B1
`6/2005 Korobkin
`6,920,608 B1
`7, 2005 Davis
`2001 OO18687 A1
`8/2001 Gonzalez et al.
`2001/0020237 A1
`9, 2001 Yarnall et al.
`2001.0049687 A1 12/2001 Russell
`2002fOO23141 A1
`2/2002 Yen et al.
`2002/0052954 A1
`5, 2002 PolizZi et al.
`2002fOO91696 A1
`7, 2002 Craft et al.
`2002fO198985 A1 12/2002 Fraenkel et al.
`2003/004 1077 A1
`2/2003 Davis
`2003/0140045 A1* 7/2003 Heninger et al. .............. 707/10
`2003/0167213 A1
`9, 2003 Jammes et al.
`2005, OO86216 A1
`4, 2005 Davis
`2005, 0182709 A1
`8, 2005 BelcSaket al.
`2005, 0198042 A1
`9, 2005 Davis
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Elliotte Rusty Harold, “XMLTM Bible.” IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.,
`An International Data Group Company (1999).
`David Megginson, “Structuring XML Documents.” Prentice Hall
`PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1998).
`Copending U.S. Appl. No. 09/573,419 entitled “Tree View for Reus
`able Data Markup Language.” filed May 18, 2000.
`Copending U.S. Appl. No. 09/573,778 entitled “Reusable Data
`Markup Language.” filed May 18, 2000.
`Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) 2.0 Specification,
`(Dec. 14, 2001), Editors: Luther Hampton, e-Numerate; David Vun
`Kannon, KPMG LLP. pp. 1-42.
`Information on Exchange Rates of Africa, Asia, and Australia, web
`site: http://eh.net/hmit/exchangerates/infoafr.htm. pp. 1-3, 2002 by
`EH.NET, downloaded Oct. 19, 2006.
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. Third Edition, Microsoft
`Press, p. 511 (1997) (3 pages).
`Online Ohio CPA Newsletter, A Monthly Electronic Publication of
`the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants; Aug. 2000, vol. 1,
`No. 14 (7 pages).
`Order of Magnitude (online Wikipedia article), http://en.wikipedia.
`org/wiki/Orders of magnitude>, 2006 Wikimedia Foundation,
`Inc. pp. 1-4, downloaded Oct. 19, 2006.
`Tools online, extensible Business Reporting Language, retrieved
`on Aug. 13, 2002). Retrieved from the Internet <URL: http://www.
`xbrl.org/Tools.htm> (5 pages).
`XBRL Essentials, (A nontechnical introduction to the extensible
`Business Reporting Language, the digital language of business), Jan.
`2001, Charles Hoffman, CPA; Carolyn Strand, PhD, CPA, (AICPA),
`pp. 1-17.
`XBRL Home Page online), extensible Business Reporting Lan
`guage, retrieved on Aug. 13, 2002). Retrieved from the Internet
`<URL: http://www.xbrl.org> (3 pages).
`XBRL Technical Specification online), extensible Business Report
`ing Language, retrieved on Aug. 13, 2002. Retrieved from the
`Internet <URL: http://www.xbrl.org/TR/2001/default.htm> (1 page).
`The XML Cover Pages, Extensible Business Reporting Language
`(XBRL), (1994-2002), Robin Cover, pp. 1-18.
`Berkley et al., The Road to Better Business Information Making a
`Case for XBRL. Winter 2000, Microsoft, pp. 1-13.
`Blattner, Special Edition Using Microsoft Excel(R), May 3, 1999 (C)
`Que Corporation "Adding a Secondary Axis to the Chart” (3 pages).
`Gilster, Paul, Finding It On The Internet. The Internet Navigator's
`Guide to Search Tools & Techniques, 2" edition (1996) (3 pages).
`Hamscher et al., Extensible Business Reporting language (XBRL)
`Specification, Jul. 31, 2000, XBRL Organization, pp. 1-27.
`Charles Hoffman and Carolyn Strand, “XBRL Essentials, A Non
`technical Introduction to eXtensible Business Reporting Language
`(XBRL), the Digital Language of Business Reporting, pp. 1-148
`(2001).
`Jon Rienstra, “Using Excel(R) in Chemistry.” http://www.asa3.org/
`chemistry/computers in chemistry/excel tips.html (1995) (4
`pages).
`
`

`

`US 7,650,355 B1
`Page 3
`
`Simon St. Laurent, “Why XML?.” http://www.simonstl.com/ar-
`ticles/whyxml.htm (1998) (5 pages).
`Suzuki et al., “Managing the Software Design Documents With
`XML.” ACM Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Confer
`ence on Computer Documentation, Sep. 1998, pp. 127-136.
`
`Copending U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/819,125 entitled “TreeView for Reus
`able Data Markup Language.” filed Jun. 25, 2007.
`Copending U.S. Appl. No. 1 1/819, 126 entitled "Reusable Data
`Markup Language.” filed Jun. 25, 2007.
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 of 40
`Sheet 2 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 3 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
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`
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`
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`Existing
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`FIG. 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 4 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
`Jan.19,2010
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 6 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`
`
`
`User Submits data request
`to Web Server and RDML
`data Server via the viewer
`
`RDML server queries the
`databases
`
`604
`
`The databases return the
`results to the server
`
`606
`
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`
`608
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`
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`FIG. 6
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 8 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`
`
`
`Text
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`Object 1
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 9 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`
`START
`
`Document reader finds
`and receives document
`
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`text
`
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`processes the text into an object
`
`X-value transformer 810 type
`checks and manipulates x-values
`
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`objects of the same type for display
`
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`stored in primary data store
`
`802
`
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`
`FIG. 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 10 of 40
`Sheet 10 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 11 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Locate DOCuments
`
`Select Document to be
`Transformed
`
`ACCeSS Line tem
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Determine Desired
`Transformation
`
`Unit, Magnitude,
`Modifier, Scale, Measure,
`and Adiustment Attributes
`
`Determine Conversion
`Factors for Each Attribute
`
`Multiply the Conversion
`Factors to Manipulate the
`numbers of the Document or
`Line tem
`
`
`
`Display Transformed
`Document on Line tem
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Line item to be
`ransformed 2
`
`
`
`Another
`DOCument to be
`ransformed 2
`
`
`
`FIG. 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 12 of 40
`
`US 7,650,355 B1
`
`START
`
`X-value transformer
`receives a new document
`
`Determines type of active
`documents in primary data store
`
`1102
`
`1104
`
`1106
`
`1112
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`END
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`FIG. 11
`
`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
`Jan.19,2010
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`Sheet 14 of 40
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 16 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`Primary Data Store
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`712
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan.19,2010
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`Sheet170f40
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`Jan. 19, 2010
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
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`Sheet 23 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 24 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 25 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`1538
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`END
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`FIG. 15C
`
`

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`Jan. 19, 2010
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
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`Sheet 36 of 40
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`FIG. 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`
`Sheet 37 of 40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 19, 2010
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`Sheet 38 of 40
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 19, 2010
`Jan.19,2010
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`Sheet 40 of 40
`Sheet400f40
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`US 7,650,355 B1
`US 7,650,355 B1
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`1.
`REUSABLEMACRO MARKUPLANGUAGE
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This patent application claims priority to Provisional U.S.
`Patent Application No. 60/135,525, filed on May 21, 1999,
`and Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/183,152, filed
`on Feb. 17, 2000, which are incorporated herein by reference.
`The following identified U.S. patent applications and pat
`ents are also relied upon and are incorporated by reference in
`this application.
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/573,778, entitled
`“Reusable Data Markup Language.” and filed on the same
`date herewith.
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/573,780, entitled “Tree
`View for Reusable Data Markup Language, and filed on the
`same date herewith.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,920,608, entitled “Chart View for Reusable
`Data Markup Language.” and filed on the same date herewith.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates generally to data processing
`systems and, more particularly, to a computer markup lan
`guage for use in a data browser and manipulator.
`2. Related Art
`Currently on the Internet, transmissions and communica
`tions are commonly conducted using a communication pro
`tocol called the HyperText Transfer Protocol (“HTTP')
`which can be used to pass files and documents formatted in
`the HyperTextMarkup Language (“HTML). A markup lan
`guage is a way of embedding markup "tags. Special
`sequences of characters, that describe the structure as well as
`the behavior of a document and instruct a web browser or
`other program on how to display the document. Typically,
`documents or web pages formatted in HTML are simply
`ASCII text files that mix ordinary text with these markup tags.
`HTML has a relatively limited structure that defines a fixed
`set of tags with specific purposes. Further, HTML typically
`only works with text and images and typically only instructs
`a browser on how to display a document: the browser may
`read and display characters but does not “understand the data
`content. To the extent that HTML browsers present numbers
`in their display, they still are not interpreted as numbers just
`text. Hence, HTML documents are not interpreted as “data
`but rather as formatting instructions for displaying images.
`Users cannot “surf through numerical data, to see graphs,
`apply transformations, combine numbers from different web
`pages, or load numbers into a spreadsheet in a manageable
`form. The numbers cannot be directly read by an analytical
`program without human intervention to cut-and-paste the
`text, determine the data type, etc. Consequently, conventional
`analytical programs allow for ad hoc review and manipula
`tion of abstract numbers (e.g., a spreadsheet program or data
`base program), but do not directly read their data from online
`Sources. Such programs may perform statistical analysis,
`structural analysis and simple transformations on data once it
`has been entered and interpreted.
`Given HTML’s limited capabilities, and SGML’s
`unwieldy complexity, a markup language called Extensible
`Markup Language (XML') was developed to help overcome
`some of these limitations. XML is a free-form markup lan
`guage with unspecified tags, which allows developers to
`develop their own tags and, in effect, create their own markup
`languages geared toward specialized tasks. In XML, the tags
`must be organized according to certain rules, but their mean
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`2
`ing is flexible. Unlike HTML, XML describes structure and
`meaning, but not formatting. As such, different professions
`may develop their own specialized markup languages. For
`example, ifa developer were to create a markup language that
`describes books in XML, the developer could create specifi
`cally meaningful tags for “title.” “author,” and “publisher.”
`something not possible in HTML. Although XML’s free
`form structure permits the development of markup languages,
`Such individualized markup languages are not compatible
`with each other because the use of the tags is not standardized
`in that different users use the tags for different purposes.
`In today's business world, problems that typically accom
`pany data manipulation often increase expense and difficulty.
`One such problem is that often data and the documentation
`that describes the data are not both in electronic form. This
`conventional approach to database and spreadsheet informa
`tion often dictates that expensive database administrators are
`required to make transformations anytime data is being trans
`ferred from one system to another, expensive analysis of
`printed documentation is required in connection with any
`programming tasks, and the output rarely contains any indi
`cation of the original sources, structures, and manipulations
`that created that output. In PC-based systems, creating docu
`mentation for data is conventionally left up to the user: typi
`cally there is no machine-driven effort to collect the docu
`mentation from the user, format it, and save it with the data,
`thereby eliminating the ease of reuse of the data.
`Another obstacle impeding efficiency in conventional
`databases and spreadsheets is that calculations occur at too
`low of a conceptual level. Calculations in typical numerical
`analysis programs operate on a single “cell” in a spreadsheet
`or a single “record’” in a database. Analytic operations on
`single values at a time can be slow and prove costly when
`many different cells or record values are involved.
`The lack of a standard markup language facilitating the
`browsing of numbers leaves no way to read, automatically
`manipulate and display differing types of numerical data read
`from multiple online sources on a single chart. Human inter
`vention is required to recognize differing types of numerical
`data and conform the data so that it may be combined and
`displayed coherently on charts, graphs and reports. Conven
`tionally, formatting of graphical charts displaying numerical
`data requires manual manipulation when series of different
`types of data are combined. Furthermore, no visual cue is
`given regarding the relationship between different numerical
`data sets.
`The computer industry is further hindered by the fact that
`data and analytic routines are not standardized. While the
`computer industry has developed standards for file formats
`and function-level interfaces, it has not developed a general
`data format or content-analysis standards. This results in
`expensive translation of data between systems, industries,
`companies and users using different protocols.
`Analysis routines in conventional spreadsheets typically
`take the form of “spreadsheet macros.” Macros are essentially
`short programs which perform well-defined, generally lim
`ited, tasks. Millions of spreadsheet users have used spread
`sheet macros to automate mechanical tasks involved in
`manipulating the numbers in their spreadsheets. But the great
`investment in spreadsheet macroS has generally been
`underutilized because Such macros are “write once, use once'
`types of software; they are rarely reused by others.
`There are at least eight reasons that current programming
`languages and spreadsheet macros are not reusable or por
`table. One such problem is that spreadsheet data references
`usually are based on physical locations. Suppose a macro
`writer puts an interest rate assumption in cell “C4 and
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`another person has a spreadsheet with the interest rate
`assumption in cell “BR47, a macro that expressly references
`the absolute cell location C4 will not be usable in the second
`spreadsheet.
`Another related problem is that numbers in spreadsheets
`have no measurement or semantic designators describing
`their meaning. One spreadsheet may work with dollars in
`millions, while another works with dollars in thousands. The
`same macro cannot be used on both spreadsheets without
`human intervention to sort out all the inconsistencies and to
`modify one of the spreadsheets to match the other. As another
`example, a macro may be written to divide stock price by
`earnings to get a P/E ratio, but numbers in a spreadsheet have