`MCGRAW-HILL
`~DICTONARY OF
`SCIENTIFIC AND
`~TRCHNIEAL
`TERNS
`Fifth Edition
`
`~
`
`Sybil P. Parker
`Editor in Chief
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`San Francisco
`Washington, D.C.
`~ New York
`Lisbon
`London
`Madrid
`Caracas
`Bogota
`New Delhi
`San Juan
`Singapore’
`Sydney
`
`Milan
`Mexico City
`Tokyo
`Toronto
`
`Auckland
`Montreal
`
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1009
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`
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1009
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`Page 1 of 3
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`
`
`Onthe cover: Photomicrographofcrystals of vitamin B,.
`(Dennis Kunkel, University of Hawaii)
`
`Includedin this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previously in the following works: P. B.
`Jordain, Condensed Computer Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.J.
`Markus, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 4th ed., Copyright© 1960, 1966, 1978 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. J. Quick, Artists’ and Illustrators’ Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill,Inc. All
`rights reserved. Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary, 3d ed., Copyright © 1956, 1972 by McGraw-Hill,Inc. All
`Tights reserved. T. Baumeister and L. S. Marks, eds., Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 7th ed.,
`Copyright © 1958, 1967 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology,
`American Meteorological Society, 1959; U.S. Air Force Glossary ofStandardized Terms, AF Manual11-1, vol.
`1, 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3, 1970; W.-H. Allen, ed., Dictionary
`of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, \st ed., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; J. M.
`Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech-
`nical Report 67158, 1967; Glossary ofAir Traffic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary ofRange
`Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, Néw. Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; A DOD
`Glossary ofMapping, Charting and Geodetic Terms, Ist ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W. Thrush, comp.
`and ed., A Dictionary ofMining, Mineral, andRelated Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary,
`2d ed., Atomic Energy Commission; F. Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms in Information Sciences Technology,
`Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary ofStinfo Terminology, Office ofAerospace Research,
`USS. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary ofElectronic, Technical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Person-
`nel, 1962; ADP Glossary, Departmentof the Navy, NAVSO P-3097.
`f
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARYOF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fifth Edition
`Copyright © 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
`States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
`maybe reproducedor distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a databaseorretrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`1234567890
`Dow/Dow 99876543
`
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms /
`Sybil P. Parker, editor in chief..—5th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`1, Science—Dictionaries.
`I. Parker, Sybil P.
`Q123.M34=1993
`503—dc20
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`2. Technology—Dictionaries.
`
`INTERNATIONAL EDITION
`
`Copyright © 1994. Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannotbe re-
`exported from the country to whichit is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in
`North America.
`
`Whenorderingthis title, use ISBN 0-07-113584-7.
`
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`166
`
`avant-corps
`
`aviation weather observation
`
`{ a'vars
`
`_{ ‘ave!
`
`{ ‘av-éan ‘sit
`
`’
`
`{ ‘avrij ‘dis
`
`{ ‘avTij
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 3
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`[oRGCHEM] Thecalculatednum.
`average molecular weight
`front of an avalanche of dry snow or in front of a landslide.
`ber to average the molecular weights of the varying-length po}.
`{
`'av-o,lanch ,wind }
`ymerchains presentin a polymer mixture.
`{
`'av-rij ma'leky3.
`avant-corps
`[aRcH] Thatpart of a building which projects
`lar ‘wat }
`prominently from the main mass, for example, a pavilion.
`average noisefigure [ELECTR] Ratio in a transduceroftotg
`{ avant'kor}
`AVCSee automatic volumecontrol.
`output noise powerto the portion thereofattributableto therma
`noise in the input termination, the total noise being summeg
`aV/cm See abvolt per centimeter.
`over frequencies from zeroto infinity, and the noise temperature
`
`aven [cEot] See pothole. [MIN ENG]Avertical shaft lead-
`of the input termination being standard (290 K).
`{ 'avetij 'noiz
`ing upward from a cave passage, sometimes connecting with
`figryer}
`2
`passages above.
`{ ‘avran }
`average outgoing quality limit
`[INDENG] The average qual.
`Avena [sot] A genusofgrasses (family Gramineae), includ-
`ity of all lots that pass quality inspection, expressed in termsof
`ing oats, characterized by an inflorescencethatis loosely panic-
`percent defective. Abbreviated AOQL.
`{
`‘av-rij ‘aut,goin
`ulate,
`two-toothed lemmas, and deeply furrowed grains.
`‘kwal-od-é lim-at}
`{ a'vén-s }
`[ELECTR] Radio-frequency power, in
`average poweroutput
`{ a'vénan }
`Theglutelin of oats.
`avenin [BIOCHEM]
`an audio-modulation transmitter, delivered to the transmitter
`aventurine [MINERAL]
`1. A glass or mineral containing spar-
`output terminals, averaged over a modulation cycle.
`{ avi
`kling gold-colored particles, usually copper or chromic oxide.
`‘patror ‘aut,put }
`2. A shiny red or green translucent quartz having small, but
`[IND ENG] An anticipated number
`average sample number
`microscopically visible, exsolved hematite or included mica
`of pieces that must be inspected to determinethe acceptability
`particles.
`{ a'venchra,rén }
`of a particular lot.
`{ ‘av-rij sam-pal nomrber}
`{ ‘avij }
`average See arithmetic mean.
`average wind
`[Nav]
`In air navigation, the resultant wind
`[ENG acous] Vibratory energy
`average acoustic output
`which would produce, or has produced, the same windeffect
`outputof a transducer measuredbya radiation pressure balance;
`during a given period as the summation of the actual winds
`expressed in terms of watts per unit area of the transducer face.
`which will affect, or have affected, the flight of an aircraft,
`{
`'averij o'Kii-stik ‘ait, pat }
`{ ‘av-rij ‘wind }
`/
`average assay value
`[MIN ENG] The weighted result of as-
`averaging [CONT sys] The reduction of noise received bya
`says obtained from a number of samples by multiplying the
`robot sensor by screening it over a period of time.
`[
`'av- rj:
`assay value of each sample by the width or thicknessof the ore
`in }
`:
`face over whichit is taken and dividing the sum ofthese products
`averaging device
`[ENG] A device for obtaining the arith
`bythe total width of cross section sampled.
`'av-rij 'a,sa vale
`metic mean of a numberof readings, as on a bubblesextant.
`yu}
`{ ‘av-rij-in di'vis }
`
`average bisector [NAv]Aline extendingthrough a four-
`averaging pitot tube [ENG] A flowmeter that consists ofa
`course radio rangestation into opposing quadrants and midway
`rod extending across a pipe with several interconnected up-
`between the lines (and their extensions) bisecting these two
`stream holes, which simulate an array of pitot tubes acrossthe
`quadrants; used when the courses are not symmetrical.
`{
`'av-
`pipe, and a downstream hole for the static pressure reference,
`rij 'bi,sek-ter }
`.
`{ laverifin ,pé,to ti}
`average bond dissociation energy [PHYS CHEM] The av-
`aversiontherapy [psycu] A behavior therapy technique in-
`erage value of the bond dissociation energies associated with
`tended to suppress undesirable behavior by pairing a stimulus
`the homolytic cleavage of several bonds ofa set of equivalent
`associated with an undesirable behavior together with a painful
`bonds of a molecule. Also known as bond energy.
`{
`jav'rij
`or unpleasant stimulus.
`{ a'varzhen ,ther-e-pe J
`‘band di-s6-sé'a-shon ,en-ar-jé }
`aversive behavior
`{psycH] Avoidance behavior.
`average-caiculating operation [comput sci] A commonor
`iv bi'hav-yar }
`typical calculating operation longerthan an addition and shorter
`Aves
`[VERT zoo] - A class of animals composed of the birds,
`than a multiplication; often taken as the mean of nine additions
`which are warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates primarily
`and one multiplication.
`{ ‘avtij |kalkya,lad-in apo,ra-shon}
`adapted for flying.
`{
`'a,véz }
`average curvature [MATH] Fora given arc of a plane curve,
`{ ‘av,gas }
`avgas Seeaviation gasoline.
`theratio of the changein inclination ofthe tangentto the curve,
`avianize [viroL]
`Toattenuate a virus by repeated culture on
`over the arc, to the arc length.
`{ \av-rij 'kerv-archar}
`chick embryos.
`'av-é-a,niz }
`{
`average deviation [MATH]
`In statistics, the average or arith-
`avian leukosis
`[VET MED] A disease complex in fowlprob
`metic mean ofthe deviation, taken without regard to sign, from
`ably caused byviruses and characterized by autonomous prolif-
`somefixed value, usually the arithmetic mean of the data. Ab-
`eration of blood-forming cells.
`{ ‘av-é-an lli'kd-sas}
`breviated AD. Also known as mean deviation.
`[( ‘av-rij dé
`avian pneumoencephalitis See Newcastle disease.
`vé'a-shan }
`‘nii-m6-in sef-s'lid-as }
`average discount factor See discount factor.
`avian pseudoplague See Newcastle disease.
`ikaunt,fak-tor}
`6plag }
`[comPuT sci] The imaginary line which
`average-edge line
`aviantuberculosis [vETMED]Atuberculosis-like mycoba-
`traces or smoothsthe shape of any written or printed character
`terial disease of fowl caused by Mycobacterium avium. {'
`to be recognized by a computer through optical, magnetic, or
`é-an ta,barkya'lé-sas }
`other means.
`{ ‘av-rij ,ej ,lin }
`aviation [AERO ENG]
`1. The science andtechnologyof fiigt
`average effectivenesslevel See effectiveness level.
`through the air. 2. The world of airplane business and its allied
`i'fek:tiv-nas lev‘al }
`:
`industries.
`{ ,a-vé'a:shon }
`7
`average gradient
`[Grapuics] A measure of contrast-in a
`aviation gasoline
`[maTER] Stable fuel with high volatilit
`photographic image, expressed as the slope of a straight line
`and high octane, especially suited for use in aircraft reciproctt
`joining two density points on the sensitometric curve.
`{ ‘avtij
`ing engines. Abbreviated avgas.
`{
`,@-vé'ashen sgasra'Jén
`‘grad-é-ant}
`aviation medicine See aerospace medicine.
`{ aveashe"
`average heading [Nav] The average heading flown for a
`‘med-ason }
`:
`.
`given period;it should be the same value as desired heading if
`aviation method
`[ENG] Determination of knock-limitim
`the drift was predicted accurately.
`{ ‘averij "hed-in }
`power, under lean-mixture conditions, of fuels used in spat
`average Igneous rock [pPETR] A hypothetical rock whose
`ignition aircraft engines.
`{ ,a-vé'ashon 'meth-ad |
`composition is thought to be similar to the average chemical
`aviation mix
`[MaTER] Antiknock fluid containing t™
`composition of the outermost 10-mile (16-kilometer) shell of
`ethyllead, ethylene dibromide, and dye; used in aviation ga"
`theearth.
`{ ‘av-rij ‘ig-né-as 'rak }
`line.
`{ ,a-vé'a-shean 'miks }
`Theaverageof the
`average information content {commuN]
`aviation weather forecast
`[METEOROL] A forecast °
`information content per symbol emitted from a source.
`{ ‘av:
`weather elementsofparticular interest to aviation, such
`rij in-far'ma-shon ,kanrtent}
`ceiling,visibility, upper winds,icing, turbulence, and types’
`{ ‘averij ‘lif }
`averagelife See mean life.
`precipitation or storms. Also knownasairwaysforecast.
`{i
`averagelimit of ice [OCEANOGR] The average seaward extent
`vée'ashan |wethrar ,for,kast}
`of ice formation during a normal winter.
`{
`‘avwrij ‘limrot av
`[METEOROL] An evaluati
`aviation weather observation
`‘Is }
`
`Page 3 of 3
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