39210
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`IEEE Dictionary IEEES
`
`INTERACTIVE
`
`IEEE 100
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Seventh Edition
`
`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`IEEE Press
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`39210
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`INTERACTIVE
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`Trademarks and disclaimers
`
`IEEE believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject
`to change without notice. IEEE is not responsible for any inadvertent errors.
`
`Other tradenames and trademarks in this document are those of their respective owners.
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright 䉷 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States of America.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`To order IEEE Press publications, call 1-800-678-IEEE.
`
`Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2
`
`SP1122
`
`See other standards and standards-related product listings at: http://standards.ieee.org/
`
`The publisher believes that the information and guidance given in this work serve as an enhancement to users,
`all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume
`any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such error
`or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed.
`
`This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE is supplying information through this publication,
`not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance
`of an appropriate professional should be sought. The IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions
`advanced in this publication.
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`39210
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`Contents
`
`Introduction
`
`How to Use This Dictionary
`
`Categories
`
`Trademarks
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Abstracts and Sources
`
`Non-IEEE Standards Sources
`
`v
`
`vi
`
`vi
`
`ix
`
`1
`
`1294
`
`1351
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`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`iii
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`Stand
`Long
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`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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`BLANK
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`39210
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`INTERACTIVE
`
`Introduction
`
`IEEE standards establish an authoritative common language that defines quality and sets technical criteria.
`By guaranteeing consistency and conformity through open consensus, IEEE standards add value to prod-
`ucts, facilitate trade, drive markets, and ensure safety. That’s why leading companies, organizations, and
`industries around the globe rely on them.
`
`Critical components of this common language are the terms and definitions that are at the foundation of
`the vast body of IEEE standards. In the past decade alone, hundreds of terms — describing the latest tools,
`techniques, and best practices — have been added to the lexicon of IEEE standards.
`
`In this newly updated Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, professional experts and stu-
`dents alike will gain an in-depth understanding and appreciation for the breadth of coverage of IEEE
`standards terms and definitions not found in any other single source.
`
`The seventh edition of IEEE 100 has been revised to include nearly 35 000 technical terms and definitions
`from over 800 standards — covering areas such as power and energy, communications, information tech-
`nology, and transportation systems. In addition to an extensive list of widely used acronyms and abbre-
`viations, this new edition also contains detailed abstracts of each term’s associated standard(s). What’s
`more, all definitions are augmented by a combination of indispensable information, including:
`
`♦ Preferred and popular usage of each term
`♦ Variations in meanings among different technical specialties
`♦ Cross-indexing to related works
`♦ Key explanatory notes for further term clarification
`
`In preparing this latest edition of the Dictionary, we realized that the standards community desired more
`than just a compilation of IEEE standardized terms and definitions. They needed an authoritative resource
`created by the organization that develops and produces the standards from which the terms and definitions
`are derived — the IEEE. In addition, we determined the Dictionary needed to be not only user friendly,
`but also rich in information. In other words, it needed to be the Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards
`Terms.
`
`Susan K. Tatiner
`Director, IEEE Standards Publishing Programs
`
`IEEE Standards Project Editors for the seventh edition:
`Kim Breitfelder
`Don Messina
`
`Additional assistance was provided by the IEEE Standards editorial staff.
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`v
`
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`Stand
`Long
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`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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`39210
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`INTERACTIVE
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`How to Use This Dictionary
`
`The terms defined in the Dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categories associated
`with the term in earlier editions of the Dictionary will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision. If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the IEEE
`Standards World Wide Web site at http://standards.ieee.org/.
`
`Categories
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of the Dictionary are defined below. This infor-
`mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the definition. Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category Std100 assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than IEEE
`standards, such as the National Electrical Code威 (NEC威) or the National Fire Protection Association,
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all sources
`for the most up-to-date terminology.
`
`Categories sorted by abbreviation
`
`AES
`AHDL
`AMR
`AP
`ATL
`BA
`BT
`C
`CAS
`CE
`CHM
`COM
`CS
`DA
`DEI
`DESG
`DIS
`ED
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EM
`EMB
`EMC
`GRS
`GSD
`IA
`IE
`II
`IM
`IT
`
`vi
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`antennas and propagation
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—bus architecture
`broadcast technology
`computer
`circuits and systems
`consumer electronics
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`communications
`control systems
`computer—design automation
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`electron devices
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`engineering management
`engineering in medicine and biology
`electromagnetic compatibility
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industry applications
`industrial electronics
`information infrastructure
`instrumentation and measurement
`information theory
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
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`Apple v. Qualcomm, IPR2018-01279
`Page 6
`
`

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`INTERACTIVE
`
`IVHS
`LEO
`LM
`MAG
`MIL
`MM
`MTT
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`NI
`NIR
`NN
`NPS
`ODM
`OE
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`PV
`QUL
`R
`RA
`REM
`RL
`S&P
`SB
`SE
`SMC
`SP
`Std100
`SUB
`SWG
`T&D
`TF
`TRR
`TT
`UFFC
`VT
`
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`magnetics
`military
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`microwave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`nuclear instruments
`non-ionizing radiation
`neural networks
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`oceanic engineering
`computer—portable applications
`power engineering
`power electronics
`power quality
`power surge protective devices
`photovoltaics
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`roadway lighting
`computer—security and privacy
`stationary batteries
`computer—software engineering
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Categories sorted by name
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communication
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—bus architecture
`computer—design automation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`computer—portable applications
`computer—security and privacy
`computer—software engineering
`consumer electronics
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`AES
`AP
`AMR
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`C
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`MM
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`
`vii
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
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`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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`Apple v. Qualcomm, IPR2018-01279
`Page 7
`
`

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`39210
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`INTERACTIVE
`
`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`military
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`neural networks
`non-ionizing radiation
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`nuclear instruments
`oceanic engineering
`photovoltaics
`power electronics
`power engineering
`power quality
`power switchgear
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`roadway lighting
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`stationary batteries
`substations
`surge-protective devices
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`test technology
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`transmission and distribution
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`CS
`DEI
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
`EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`IE
`IA
`II
`IT
`IM
`IVHS
`LEO
`MAG
`MTT
`MIL
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`NN
`NIR
`NPS
`NI
`OE
`PV
`PEL
`PE
`PQ
`SWG
`QUL
`R
`RL
`RA
`REM
`SP
`Std100
`SB
`SUB
`PSPD
`SMC
`TT
`TF
`TRR
`T&D
`UFFC
`VT
`
`viii
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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`Apple v. Qualcomm, IPR2018-01279
`Page 8
`
`

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`39210
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`IEEE Dictionary IEEES
`
`INTERACTIVE
`
`Trademarks
`
`The following is a list of trademarks that may be used in IEEE 100: The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards Terms.
`
`802 is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`ABBET is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
`
`Analog devices is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
`
`Appletalk is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
`
`BOCA is a registered trademark of Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.
`
`BOOM is a registered trademark of Fakespace, Inc.
`
`Centronics is a registered trademark of Genicom Corporation.
`
`CompactPCI is a registered trademark of the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group.
`
`Cray is a registered trademark of Cray Research, Inc.
`
`DSSI is a registered trademark of Discreet Surveillance Systems.
`
`Futurebus⫹ is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`Intel386 is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
`
`Life Safety Code is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association.
`
`Mylar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
`
`National Electrical Code is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association.
`
`NEC is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association.
`
`National Electrical Safety Code is a registered trademark and service mark of the Institute of Electrical
`and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`NESC is a registered trademark and service mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
`Inc.
`
`Netbios is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`Nomex is a registered trademark of E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Company.
`
`NuBus is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments, Inc.
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`ix
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`Stand
`Long
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`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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`39210
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`
`INTERACTIVE
`
`OpenBoot is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`Open Software Foundation, OSF, and the OSF logo are registered trademarks of the Open Software
`Foundation, Inc.
`
`PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
`
`POSIX is a registered certification mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`PS/2 is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`SCSI is a registered trademark of SCSI Solutions.
`
`SDI is a registered trademark of Maurice Siebenberg.
`
`SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`SPARCstation is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`SPAsystem is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`Stylized 8 (Futurebus⫹) is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
`Inc.
`
`Sun Microsystems is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`TURBOchannel is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Uniform Building Code is a trademark of the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO).
`
`UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through
`X/Open Company Limited.
`
`VAX is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`VAXBI is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Verilog is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
`
`Velcro is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B. V.
`
`Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`X/Open is a registered trademark and the “X” device is a trademark of X/Open Company, Ltd.
`
`x
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
`
`Authorized licensed use limited to: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Downloaded on March 04,2011 at 14:59:06 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
`
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`Page 10
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`

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`39210
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`IEEE Dictionary IEEES
`
`BATCH
`
`P
`
`p See: pico.
`PA Pre-arbitrated.
`(LM/C) 802.6-1990r
`PA access function See: pre-arbitrated (PA) access function.
`PABX See: private automatic branch exchange.
`pace voltage (surge arresters) A voltage generated by ground
`current between two points on the surface of the ground at a
`distance apart corresponding to the conventional length of an
`ordinary pace.
`(PE) [8], [84]
`PACF See: phase angle correction factor.
`pacing (1) (Class 1E connection assemblies) A method of on-
`going qualification by parallel age conditioning.
`(PE/NP) 572-1985r
`(2) A method to regulate the flow of bytes read from or writ-
`ten to a Smart Transducer Interface Module.
`(IM/ST) 1451.2-1997
`pack (1) To compress several items of data in a storage medium
`in such a way that the individual items can later be recovered.
`(C) [20], [85]
`(2) (data management) (software) To store data in a com-
`pact form in a storage medium, using known characteristics
`of the data and medium in such a way as to permit recovery
`of the data. Contrast: unpack. See also: packed data.
`(C) 610.5-1990w, 610.12-1990
`package (1) (software) A separately compilable software com-
`ponent consisting of related data types, data objects, and sub-
`programs. See also: encapsulation; information hiding; data
`abstraction.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(2) The combination of a node’s properties, methods, and pri-
`vate data.
`(C/BA) 1275-1994
`(3) An external container, substrate, or platform used to hold
`a semiconductor or circuit. Note: it may be made of plastic
`or ceramic with many interfacing pins.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`(4) A group of related OM classes.
`(C/PA) 1328.2-1993w, 1327.2-1993w, 1224.2-1993w,
`1326.2-1993w
`
`(5) A group of related classes.
`(C/PA) 1328-1993w, 1238.1-1994w, 1224-1993w,
`1224.1-1993w, 1327-1993w
`package closure The set of classes that need to be supported in
`order to be able to create all possible instances of all classes
`defined in the package.
`(C/PA) 1328-1993w, 1224-1993w, 1327-1993w
`package, core See: core package.
`package instance A data structure resulting from the opening
`of a particular package, consisting of a set of values for the
`package’s private data.
`(C/BA) 1275-1994
`packaged magnetron An integral structure comprising a mag-
`netron, its ma gnetic circuit, and its output matching device.
`See also: magnetron.
`(ED) 161-1971w, [45]
`packager role Where software that has been developed is or-
`ganized in a form suitable for distribution.
`(C/PA) 1387.2-1995
`packaging (1) (software) In software development, the assign-
`ment of modules to segments to be handled as distinct phys-
`ical units for execution by a computer.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(2) The process of containing, connecting, protecting, and
`sealing circuits and components into enclosures such as de-
`vices, modules, or housings.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`packaging machine Any automatic, semiautomatic, or hand-
`operated apparatus that performs one or more packaging func-
`tions, such as, but not limited to, the fabrication, preparation,
`filling, closing, labeling, or preparing, or both, for final dis-
`tribution of any type of package or container used to protect
`or display, or both, any product.
`(IA/PKG) 333-1980w
`packed array An array in which all data elements in the set
`have non-trivial values. Synonym: dense list.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`
`packed binary data Binary data stored in a compact form in a
`storage medium, using known characteristics of the data and
`the medium to permit recovery of the data.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`packed data Data stored in a compact form in a storage me-
`dium, using known characteristics of the data and the medium
`to permit recovery of the data. See also: packed decimal data;
`packed binary data.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`packed decimal data Integer data stored in a compact form in
`a storage medium, using known characteristics of the data and
`the medium to permit recovery of the data. In the most com-
`mon implementation, each decimal digit is represented in bi-
`nary, occupying four bits, and the right-most decimal digit is
`followed by a four-bit sign digit (hexadecimal A,C,E, or F
`for positive; B or D for negative).
`decimal
`27510
`0010 0111 0101 11112 ⫽ 275F16
`packed decimal
`⫺9110
`decimal
`0000 1001 0001 10112 ⫽ 091B16
`packed decimal
`
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`See also: unsigned packed decimal data.
`packet (1) A group of binary digits including data and control
`elements which is switched and transmitted as a composite
`whole. The data and control elements and possibly error con-
`trol information are arranged in a specified format.
`(LM/COM) 168-1956w
`(2) (MULTIBUS II) A block of information that is trans-
`mitted within a single transfer operation in message space.
`See also: message space; transfer operation.
`(C/MM) 1296-1987s
`(3) A collection of symbols that contains addressing infor-
`mation and is protected by a CRC. A subaction consists of
`two packets, a send packet and an echo packet.
`(C/MM) 1596-1992
`(4) A 17-bit unit of data consisting of a 16-bit word plus 1
`parity bit.
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`(5) A sequence of N㛮chars with a specific order and format.
`A packet consists of a destination followed by a payload. A
`packet is delimited by an end㛮of㛮packet marker. See also:
`destination; payload.
`(C/BA) 1355-1995
`(6) A unit of data of some finite-size that is transmitted as a
`unit. Note: Usually consists of a header containing control
`information such as a sequence number, the network address
`of the station that originated the packet, and the network ad-
`dress of the packet’s destination. See also: long packet; short
`packet.
`(C) 610.7-1995, 610.10-1994w
`(7) A serial stream of clocked data bits. A packet is normally
`the PDU for the link layer, although the cable physical layer
`can also generate and receive special short packets for man-
`agement purposes.
`(C/MM) 1394-1995
`(8) A collection of symbols that contains addressing infor-
`mation and is protected by a CRC. A subaction consists of
`two packets: a send packet and an echo packet.
`(C/MM) 1596.3-1996
`(9) A block of information that is transmitted within a single
`transfer operation.
`(C/MM) 1596.4-1996
`(10) A structured field, having a start byte, a two-byte length
`field (the first two bytes), a flag byte, a command byte, fol-
`lowed by the subcommand and /or data fields.
`(C/MM) 1284.1-1997
`(11) Consists of a data frame as defined previously, preceded
`by the Preamble and the Start Frame Delimiter, encoded, as
`appropriate, for the Physical Layer (PHY) type.
`(C/LM) 802.3-1998
`(12) (local area networks) The total information transmitted
`over the link medium, including the preamble, the MAC
`frame, and the start of stream and end of stream delimiters.
`See also: frame.
`(C) 8802-12-1998
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
`
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`
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`Apple v. Qualcomm, IPR2018-01279
`Page 11
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`39210
`
`IEEE Dictionary IEEES
`
`BATCH
`
`packet assembler/disassembler
`
`788
`
`pad-mounted fused switchgear
`
`(13) A sequence of bits transmitted on Serial Bus and delim-
`ited by DATA㛮PREFIX and DATA㛮END.
`(C/MM) 1394a-2000
`(14) A group of bytes, including address, data, and control
`elements.
`(C/MM) 1284.4-2000
`packet assembler/disassembler (PAD) (1) A device that as-
`sembles and disassembles packets.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`(2) A protocol conversion device that performs packet assem-
`bly/disassembly. Note: Generally refers to a terminal multi-
`plexer device that connects hosts and terminals on a network.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`packet assembly/disassembly The process of dividing a mes-
`sage into packets for transmission over a packet switching
`network and then reassembling the packets in the original
`message.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`PACKET COUNT packet A packet by means of which an M-
`module conveys to addressed S-modules the number of pack-
`ets to follow in the current message. S-modules may or may
`not include the ability to use the data in this packet.
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`packet data network See: packet switching network.
`packet data transfer A very fast, but technology-dependent,
`noncompelled transfer mechanism used to transfer data from
`a source to a destination.
`(C/BA) 1014.1-1994w
`packet data transfer protocol A very fast but technology-de-
`pendent noncompelled transfer mechanism that uses a com-
`pelled protocol over the entire packet to provide flow control.
`(C/BA/C/BA) 10857-1994, 896.4-1993w
`packet error An error that occurs when a packet is lost in the
`network. See also: type error; address error; abnormal pre-
`amble; alignment error.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`packet handler (PH) A device for processing packets or frames
`in a manner so as to be able to route individual frames or
`packets out of one data stream into multiple different data
`streams.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`packetized data transfer Transfer of data through a network
`where data is conveyed in packets and/or frames in a statis-
`tical manner. Packets or frames are propagated through the
`network and delivered to destinations based on addressing
`information contained therein.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`packet latency During a send/receive message, the number of
`packet transfers by which the first non-NULL DATA packet
`returned by the addressed S-module lags the first non-null
`DATA packet transmitted by the M-module.
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`packet layer The layer of the protocol concerned with end-to-
`end transmission of information, possibly through a number
`of intermediate routers. It is at the packet layer that the routing
`decisions are taken.
`(C/BA) 1355-1995
`packet mode protocol The access protocol based on the use of
`out-of-band control and Link Layer multiplexing.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`packet pair Two packets, one transmitted by the M-module and
`one by an S-module, such that the last 14 bits of the M-
`module-originated packet are transmitted simultaneously with
`the first 14 bits of the S-module-originated packet.
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`packet-switched data network (PSDN) A packet-switched
`subnetwork that can be a PPSN (private) or a PSPDN (public)
`packet-switched network.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`packet switched network See: packet switching network.
`packet switched public data network (PSPDN) A public sub-
`network that is accessed via the CCITT X.25 protocol and
`that provides virtual circuit service.
`(LM/C/COM) 8802-9-1996
`packet switching (1) A data transmission process, utilizing ad-
`dressed packets, whereby a channel is occupied only for the
`duration of transmission of the packet. See also: store-and-
`forward switching; message switching; circuit switching.
`(LM/COM) 168-1956w
`
`(2) A technique used in data communications in which mes-
`sages are broken into finite-size packets and are forwarded to
`the other party over the network. Packets may vary in size so
`long as the size does not exceed the maximum size conven-
`tion for the local network or protocol in use. Note: The pack-
`ets need not travel the same path. At the end of the circuit,
`the packets are reassembled into the messages and are then
`passed on to the receiving terminals. Contrast: cell switching.
`See also: fast packet switching; virtual circuit.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`packet switching network A network that uses packet switch-
`ing techniques for transmission of data. Synonyms: packet
`switched network; packet data network.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`packet symbol A symbol contained within a packet and pro-
`tected by the packet’s CRC. (Exception: part of the second
`symbol in a packet contains flow control information that is
`not covered by the CRC, but the symbol as a whole is still
`considered to be within the packet.)
`(C/MM) 1596-1992
`packing density (computers) The number of useful storage
`cells per unit of dimension, for example, the number of bits
`per inch stored on a magnetic tape or drum track.
`(MIL/C) [2], [85], [20]
`packing fraction (fiber optics) In a fiber bundle, the ratio of
`the aggregate fiber cross-sectional core area to the total cross-
`sectional area (usually within the ferrule) including cladding
`and interstitial areas. See also: ferrule; fiber bundle.
`(Std100) 812-1984w
`packing gland An explosion-proof entrance for conductors
`through the wall of an explosionproof enclosure, to provide
`compressed packing completely surrounding the wire or ca-
`ble, for not less than 0.5 in measured along the length of the
`cable. See also: mine feeder circuit.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`PAD See: packet assembler/disassembler; packet assembly/
`disassembly.
`pad (1) (data transmission) (attenuating pad) A nonadjusta-
`ble passive network that reduces the power level of a signal
`without introducing appreciable distortion. Note: A pad may
`also provide impedance matching.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(2) (data management) To fill an item such as a record or
`block with one or more filler characters in order to satisfy
`some prescribed condition. For example, in order to right jus-
`tify a seven-character string in a ten-position field, three blank
`characters are used to pad the data. See also: zero fill; char-
`acter fill.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`(3) (local area networks) Any combination of octets used to
`extend the end of the data field of the ISO /IEC 8802-3 MAC
`frame so that it will meet minimum length requirements.
`(C) 8802-12-1998
`padding (A) The technique of filling out a fixed-length block
`of data with dummy characters, words, or
`records.
`(B) Dummy characters, words, or records used to fill out a
`fixed-length block of data.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`paddle A cursor control device consisting of a rotatable knob
`and potentiometer used to control the position of a cursor on
`a display device.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`pad electrode (dielectric heating) One of a pair of electrode
`plates between which a load is placed for dielectric heating.
`(IA) 54-1955w, 169-1955w
`pad-mounted (1) A method of supporting equipment, generally
`at ground level.
`(NESC) C2-1977s
`(2) A general term describing equipment positioned on a sur-
`face-mounted pad located outdoors. The equipment is usually
`enclosed with all exposed surfaces at ground potential.
`(SWG/PE) C37.100-1992
`pad-mounted equipment A general term describing enclosed
`equipment, the exterior of which enclosure is at ground po-
`tential, positioned on a surface-mounted pad.
`(NESC) C2-1997
`pad-mounted fused switchgear (PMFSG) Load-interrupter
`switch and fuse assemblies in which all energized parts are
`insulated and completely enclosed within an enclosure when
`the doors and covers are securely closed. The overall enclo-
`
`Short
`Stand
`Long
`
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`
`Qualcomm Exhibit 2022
`Apple v. Qualcomm, IPR2018-01279
`Page 12
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`39210
`
`IEEE Dictionary IEEES
`
`pad-mounted transformer
`
`789
`
`BATCH
`
`paging
`
`sure is of suitable environmental and tamper-resistant con-
`struction for out-door, above-ground installation.
`(SWG/PE) C37.73-1998
`pad-mounted transformer (power and distribution trans-
`formers) An outdoor transformer utilized as part of an un-
`derground distribution system, with enclosed compartment(s)
`for high-voltage and low-voltage cables entering from below,
`and mounted on a foundation pad.
`(PE/TR) C57.12.80-1978r
`pad-type bearing (rotating machinery) A journal or thrust-
`typ