1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 11111 1111111111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII 111111111111111 11111111
`US 20050036708Al
`
`(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication
`Boll
`
`(10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0036708 Al
`Feb. 17, 2005
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CROPPING
`CAPTURED IMAGES
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: David Boll, Greeley, CO (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
`Intellectual Property Administration
`P.O. Box 272400
`Fort Collins, CO 80527-2400 (US)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`10/638,770
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Aug. 11, 2003
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.7 .............................. G06K 9/46; G06T 7/00;
`H04N 1/387; G06K 9/78
`(52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 382/283; 382/199; 382/203;
`358/453
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Disclosed are systems and methods for cropping captured
`images. In one embodiment, a system and a method pertain
`to capturing an image of a document to be captured, ana(cid:173)
`lyzing the captured image to detect human hands, identify(cid:173)
`ing an imaginary rectangle defined by the detected human
`hands, and cropping the captured image.
`
`400
`
`406
`
`402
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`L ___________ _
`
`404
`
`1
`
`Exhibit 1056
`Apple v. Qualcomm
`IPR2018-01277
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 1 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`0
`0 .....
`
`•
`
`(!) -u..
`
`.....
`
`''
`
`,.,
`
`2
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 2 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`MEMORY202
`
`OPERATING SYSTEM 210
`
`IMAGE CAPTURE
`SYSTEM 212
`
`IMAGE CROPPING
`SYSTEM 214
`
`PROCESSING
`DEVICE
`200
`
`LOCAL INTERFACE 208
`
`USER
`INTERFACE
`204
`
`1/0
`DEVICE(S)
`206
`
`IMAGE
`CAPTURE
`DEVICE
`104
`
`FIG. 2
`
`3
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 3 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`1001
`
`START
`
`USER PLACES DOCUMENT IN
`THE IMAGE CAPTURE AREA
`
`USER DETERMINES WHAT PORTION OF
`THE DOCUMENT THE USER WOULD
`LIKE TO DIGITALLY CAPTURE
`
`300
`
`302
`
`304
`
`USER INITIATES IMAGE CAPTURE PROCESS
`
`USER POSITIONS HIS/HER HANDS
`IN THE IMAGE CAPTURE AREA
`TO INDICATE WHAT PORTION OF THE
`DOCUMENT TO CAPTURE
`
`IMAGE OF THE IMAGE CAPTURE
`AREA CAPTURED USING THE
`IMAGE CAPTURE DEVICE
`
`IMAGE CROPPING SYSTEM
`DETERMINES WHAT PORTION OF
`THE CAPTURED IMAGE TO EXCLUDE
`
`IMAGE CROPPING SYSTEM
`CROPS IMAGE AS INDICATED BY USER
`
`306
`
`308
`
`310
`
`312
`
`END
`
`FIG. 3
`
`4
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 4 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`400
`
`406
`
`402
`
`404
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I L ___________ _
`
`FIG. 4
`
`---------------C 500
`
`L ______________ _
`
`FIG. 5
`
`5
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 5 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`400
`
`_____________________ .c 600
`
`402
`
`FIG. 6
`
`700
`
`FIG. 7
`
`6
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Feb. 17, 2005 Sheet 6 of 6
`
`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`2141
`
`START
`
`IMAGE CROPPING SYSTEM INITIATED
`
`ANALYZE CAPTURED IMAGE TO
`DETECT HUMAN HANDS
`
`IDENTIFY THE LARGEST POSSIBLE
`IMAGINARY RECTANGLE DEFINED
`BY THE DETECTED HANDS
`
`ANALYZE IMAGE DATA CONTAINED WITHIN
`THE IMAGINARY RECTANGLE TO
`DETERMINE WHETHER AN ACTUAL
`RECTANGLAR BORDER IS CONTAINED
`WITHIN THE IMAGINARY RECTANGLE
`
`N
`
`800
`
`802
`
`804
`
`806
`
`y
`
`810
`
`812
`
`SET IMAGINARY RECTANGLE
`AS A CROPPING GUIDE
`
`SET ACTUAL RECTANGULAR
`BORDER AS A CROPPING
`GUIDE
`
`CROP IMAGE IN RELATION TO
`SET CROPPING GUIDE
`
`814
`
`END
`
`FIG. 8
`
`7
`
`

`

`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`Feb. 17,2005
`
`1
`
`SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CROPPING
`CAPTURED IMAGES
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`[0001] Currently, digital image cropping is performed
`after a digital image is already captured and downloaded to
`a computer. For instance, a user may crop an image, which
`was scanned with a scanner or captured with a digital
`camera, using an appropriate image manipulation applica(cid:173)
`tion that executes on a computer (e.g., a personal computer
`(PC)). In such a case, the user must normally define a
`rectangle around the portion of the image the user would like
`to preserve, such that the area outside of the rectangle will
`be excluded from a final scan or discarded from the finally(cid:173)
`captured image. This process may involve, for instance, (1)
`choosing a cropping feature either from the menu or by
`selecting a "crop" button; (2) indicating the desired amount
`of cropping by dragging a box around the image; and (3)
`saving the cropped image.
`[0002] Although the above-described process is effective,
`it is somewhat manually intensive and therefore can be
`tedious for the user. In addition, it requires the user to crop
`an image after the image is captured and downloaded, as
`opposed to enabling the user to identify desired ( as well as
`undesired) portions of a scene during the capturing process.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`[0003] Disclosed are systems and methods for cropping
`captured images. In one embodiment, a system and a method
`pertain to capturing an image of a document to be captured,
`analyzing the captured image to detect human hands, iden(cid:173)
`tifying an imaginary rectangle defined by the detected
`human hands, and cropping the captured image.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0004] The accompanying drawings incorporated in and
`forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects
`of the disclosed systems and methods. These drawings are
`not necessarily to scale.
`[0005] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system for
`capturing and cropping images.
`[0006] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an
`architecture for the system shown in FIG. 1.
`[0007] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodi(cid:173)
`ment of a method for capturing and cropping images.
`[0008] FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction illustrating a user
`indicating a portion of a document to retain after image
`capture.
`[0009] FIG. 5 illustrates a cropped image that results from
`the indication in FIG. 4.
`[0010] FIG. 6 is a schematic depiction illustrating a user
`indicating a portion of a document to retain after image
`capture.
`[0011] FIG. 7 illustrates a full image that results from the
`indication in FIG. 6.
`[0012] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodi(cid:173)
`ment of operation of an image cropping system shown in
`FIG. 2.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0013] The disclosed systems and methods will now be
`described in detail with specific reference to the drawings.
`Turning FIG. 1, illustrated is a system 100 for capturing and
`cropping images. As indicated in that figure, the system 100
`comprises a computer 102, such as a desktop computer, and
`an image capture device 104 that is connected to the
`computer. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the image capture
`device 104 comprises a so-called "eyeball" digital camera
`that is controlled and operated using the computer 102.
`Although such a dependent image capture device is illus(cid:173)
`trated in FIG. 1 and has been identified herein, the image
`capture device 104 can, alternatively, comprise an indepen(cid:173)
`dent image capture device, such as a portable digital camera.
`
`[0014] As is further illustrated in FIG. 1, the image
`capture device 104 is physically supported by a stand 106
`such that the image capture device is elevated off of and is
`directed toward an image capture area that, for example,
`comprises a portion of the desktop. As indicated in FIG. 1,
`a document 108 to be captured (e.g., textural and/or graphi(cid:173)
`cal document or a photograph) can be placed in the image
`capture area for capturing by the image capture device 104.
`
`[0015] The image capture device 104 can communicate
`with the computer 102 in various ways. For instance, the
`image capture device 104 can directly connect to the com(cid:173)
`puter 102 using a cable (e.g., a universal serial bus (USE)
`cable) that can be plugged into the computer. Alternatively,
`the image capture device 104 can indirectly "connect" to the
`computer 102 via wireless communication (e.g., short-range
`radio frequency (RF) communications).
`
`[0016] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example
`architecture for the system 100 shown in FIG. 1. More
`particularly, FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture for
`the computer 102 as connected to the image capture device
`104. As indicated in FIG. 2, the computer 102 comprises a
`processing device 200, memory 202, a user interface 204,
`and at least one 1/0 device 206, each of which is connected
`to a local interface 208.
`
`[0017] The processing device 200 can include a central
`processing unit (CPU) or an auxiliary processor among
`several processors associated with the computer 102, or a
`semiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a
`microchip). The memory 202 includes any one of or a
`combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., RAM) and
`nonvolatile memory elements ( e.g., read only memory
`(ROM), hard disk, tape, etc.).
`
`[0018] The user interface 204 comprises the components
`with which a user interacts with the computer 102, such as
`a keyboard and mouse, and a device that provides visual
`information to the user, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or
`liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor.
`
`[0019] With further reference to FIG. 2, the one or more
`1/0 devices 206 are adapted to facilitate communication
`with other devices, including the image capture device 104.
`By way of example, the 1/0 devices 206 may include one or
`more of a USE, Firewire, or small computer system inter(cid:173)
`face (SCSI) connection component and/or communication
`components such as a wireless (e.g., RF) transceiver.
`
`8
`
`

`

`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`Feb. 17,2005
`
`2
`
`[0020] The memory 202 comprises various programs
`including an operating system 210, an image capture system
`212, and an image cropping system 214. The operating
`system 210 controls the execution of other programs and
`provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data
`management, memory management, and communication
`control and related services. The image capture system 212
`is configured to facilitate image capture. In particular, the
`image capture system 212 is configured to control and
`operate the image capture device 104 to capture image data,
`and may further be configured to process any image data so
`captured.
`
`[0021] The image cropping system 214 is configured to
`crop images captured with the image capture device 104. As
`is described in greater detail below, the image cropping
`system 214 is configured to detect the hands of a user in the
`image capture area relative to a document to be captured and
`crop an image of the document relative to an imaginary
`rectangle defined by those hands. Notably, when the image
`capture device comprises an independent image capture
`device, such as a portable digital camera, the image cropping
`system 214 may be stored and may execute on the image
`capture device. In such cases, the image capture device may
`be used independently to crop images as they are captured
`in accordance with the user's preferences.
`
`[0022] Various programs (i.e., logic) have been described
`herein. These programs can be stored on any computer(cid:173)
`readable medium for use by or in connection with any
`computer-related system or method. In the context of this
`document, a computer-readable medium is an electronic,
`magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that
`contains or stores a computer program for use by or in
`connection with a computer-related system or method.
`These programs can be embodied in any computer-readable
`medium for use by or in connection with an instruction
`execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer(cid:173)
`based system, processor-containing system, or other system
`that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution
`system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions.
`
`[0023] Example systems having been described above,
`operation of the systems will now be discussed. In the
`discussions that follow, flow diagrams are provided. Process
`steps or blocks in these flow diagrams may represent mod(cid:173)
`ules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more
`executable instructions for implementing specific logical
`functions or steps in the process. Although particular
`example process steps are described, alternative implemen(cid:173)
`tations are feasible. Moreover, steps may be executed out of
`order from that shown or discussed, including substantially
`concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the function(cid:173)
`ality involved.
`
`[0024] FIG. 3 provides an overview of an embodiment for
`capturing and cropping an image using the system 100. In
`particular, FIG. 3 provides an overview of a method for
`capturing and cropping an image as indicated by a user
`during the image capture process. Beginning with block 300
`of FIG. 3, the user places a document in the image capture
`area at which the image capture device 104 is or will be
`directed. By way of example, the document comprises a
`textual and/or graphical document, such as a word process(cid:173)
`ing document, or a photograph. Next, the user determines
`what portion of the document the user would like to digitally
`
`capture, as indicated in block 302. Notably, this portion can
`be a fraction of the document, or the entire document, if
`desired.
`
`[0025] Once the determination has been made as to what
`portion of the document to capture, the user can initiate the
`image capture process, as indicated in block 304. By way of
`example, this initiation can be effected through input of an
`appropriate command entered using the computer user inter(cid:173)
`face 204. Alternatively, when the image capture device is an
`independent image capture device, such as a portable digital
`camera, initiation of the image capture process can comprise
`depression of a shutter button of the camera. To provide the
`user with enough time to indicate which portion of the
`document to capture, an image may not be immediately
`captured after image capture is initiated. For example, image
`capture may be delayed a few seconds after the image
`capture command is received.
`
`[0026] Next, with reference to block 306, the user posi(cid:173)
`tions his or her hands in the image capture area so as to
`provide an indication as to the portion of the document that
`is to be captured. By way of example, this positioning can
`comprise defining an imaginary rectangle with the user's
`hands that indicates that content contained within the imagi(cid:173)
`nary rectangle is to be included and content beyond the
`boundaries of the imaginary rectangle is to be excluded,
`thereby providing cropping instructions to the image crop(cid:173)
`ping system 214. Examples of such hand positioning are
`provided in FIGS. 4 and 6.
`
`[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates an image capture area 400 that
`presumably is within an image plane in which the image
`capture device 104 can capture image data. A document 402
`has been placed within the image capture area 400. In the
`example of FIG. 4, the document 402 comprises a hard copy
`photograph that is to comprise the subject of the image
`capturing. As is apparent from FIG. 4, a user has placed his
`hands 404 over the document 402 in a manner so as to define
`an imaginary rectangle 406 that in turn defines the bound(cid:173)
`aries of the image data that is to be retained. In such a case,
`a portion of the document 402 is to be cropped.
`
`[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative positioning of the
`user's hands 404. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the user has
`placed his hands 404 so as to define an imaginary rectangle
`600 that encompasses the entire document 402. In such a
`case, the entire document 402 is to be retained.
`
`[0029] Returning to FIG. 3, an image of the image capture
`area is captured using the image capture device 104, as
`indicated in block 308. In that the image capture device 104
`is configured and positioned so as to capture the entire image
`capture area, such image capture results in the user's hands
`being captured along with the document. Next, as indicated
`in block 310, the image cropping system 214 determines
`what portion of the captured image to exclude. That deter(cid:173)
`mination is made in relation to the positioning of the user's
`hands. In particular, the image cropping system 214 identi(cid:173)
`fies the imaginary rectangle formed by the user's hands and
`uses that rectangle as a guide that indicates what portion of
`the captured image data to exclude (i.e., at least all portions
`beyond the boundaries of the imaginary rectangle).
`
`[0030] Once the exclusion determination is made, the
`image cropping system 214 crops the image as indicated by
`the user, as indicated in block 312. Such cropping may
`
`9
`
`

`

`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`Feb. 17,2005
`
`3
`
`comprise cropping a portion of the document so that only a
`fraction of the document is retained as an image. For
`example, in the case of FIG. 4 in which the user's hands 404
`overlapped the document 402, only the portion of the
`document that was contained within the imaginary rectangle
`406 is retained so as to result in a cropped image 500 shown
`in FIG. 5. Such "cropping" may alternatively comprise
`cropping only the area that surrounds the document. For
`example, in the case of FIG. 6 in which the user's hands 404
`define an imaginary rectangle 600 that encompasses the
`entire document 402, the area surrounding the document is
`cropped while the entire document is retained so as to result
`in a full image 700 of the document as indicated in FIG. 7.
`[0031] FIG. 8 provides an example of operation of the
`image cropping system 214. As noted above, this system 214
`may execute on a computer (e.g., computer 102) or may
`execute on an independent image capture device, such as a
`portable digital camera. Beginning with block 800 of FIG.
`8, the image cropping system 214 is initiated. This initiation
`can occur, for example, upon an image being captured by the
`image capture device when the device is in a cropping mode.
`Next, with reference to block 802, the image cropping
`system 214 analyzes a captured image to detect human
`hands. Such detection is accomplished by analyzing the
`image data of the captured image to identify at least one of
`the color, size, shape, and aspect ratios of typical human
`hands.
`[0032] Assuming that human hands are detected, the
`image cropping system 214 identifies the largest possible
`imaginary rectangle that is defined by the detected hands, as
`indicated in block 804. This identification comprises inter(cid:173)
`preting the orientation of the detected hands to determine the
`size and orientation of a rectangle that is being indicated by
`the hands. By way of example, the image cropping system
`214 can be configured to define the borders of the imaginary
`rectangle with reference to the inner edges of the user's
`thumb and index finger of each hand (see FIGS. 4 and 6).
`[0033] Next, the image cropping system 214 analyzes the
`image data contained within the imaginary rectangle to
`determine whether an actual rectangular border is contained
`within the imaginary rectangle, as indicated in block 806.
`Such an actual rectangular border may be detected using
`known edge detection techniques (e.g., pixel differentiation)
`in which an abrupt change in pixel color and/or darkness is
`taken to indicate an edge of an object. If such a border is
`detected, the border is assumed to comprise the edges of the
`document such that the user's hands define an imaginary
`rectangle the encompasses the entire document (see FIG. 6)
`to indicate that the entire document is to be retained.
`[0034] With reference to decision block 808, if an actual
`rectangular border is not detected, flow continues to block
`810 at which the imaginary rectangle is set as a cropping
`guide. If, on the other hand, an actual rectangular border is
`detected, flow continues to block 812 at which the actual
`rectangular border is set as the cropping guide. At this point,
`the image cropping system 214 crops the captured image in
`relation to the set cropping guide, as indicated in block 814.
`Therefore, if the user's hands indicated that only a portion
`of the document was to be retained (FIG. 4), a cropped
`image of the document results (FIG. 5). If, on the other
`hand, the user's hands indicated that the entire document
`was to be retained (FIG. 6), a full image of the entire
`document results (FIG. 7).
`
`What is claimed is:
`1. A method for cropping images, the method comprising:
`
`capturing an image of a document to be captured;
`
`analyzing the captured image to detect human hands;
`
`identifying an imaginary rectangle defined by the detected
`hands; and
`
`cropping the captured image.
`2. The method of claim 1, wherein capturing an image
`comprises capturing an image with an image capture device
`used in conjunction with a computer.
`3. The method of claim 1, wherein capturing an image
`comprises capturing an image with an independent image
`capture device.
`4. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying an imagi(cid:173)
`nary rectangle comprises identifying an imaginary rectangle
`defined by inner edges of thumbs and index fingers of the
`detected human hands.
`5. The method of claim 1, further comprising analyzing
`image data contained within the imaginary rectangle to
`determine whether an actual rectangular border is contained
`within the imaginary rectangle.
`6. The method of claim 5, wherein analyzing image data
`comprises detecting edges of the document to be captured.
`7. The method of claim 5, wherein cropping the captured
`image comprises excluding image data beyond boundaries
`of the imaginary rectangle.
`8. The method of claim 5, wherein cropping the captured
`image comprises excluding image data beyond an actual
`rectangular border contained within the imaginary rectangle.
`9. A system for cropping images, the system comprising:
`
`means for capturing an image of an image capture area
`that includes a document and hands of a user;
`
`means for analyzing the captured image to detect human
`hands;
`
`means for identifying an imaginary rectangle defined by
`the detected human hands; and
`
`means for cropping the captured image with reference to
`the imaginary rectangle.
`10. The system of claim 9, wherein the means for cap(cid:173)
`turing an image comprise a camera used in conjunction with
`a computer.
`11. The system of claim 9, wherein the means for cap(cid:173)
`turing an image comprise a portable digital camera.
`12. The system of claim 9, wherein the means for iden(cid:173)
`tifying an imaginary rectangle comprise means for identi(cid:173)
`fying an imaginary rectangle defined by inner edges of
`thumbs and index fingers of the detected human hands.
`13. The system of claim 9, further comprising means for
`analyzing image data contained within the imaginary rect(cid:173)
`angle to determine whether an actual rectangular border is
`contained within the imaginary rectangle.
`14. The system of claim 13, wherein the means for
`analyzing image data comprise means for differentiating
`pixels of the captured image to detect edges of the document
`to be captured.
`15. The system of claim 13, wherein the means for
`cropping comprise means for excluding image data beyond
`boundaries of the imaginary rectangle.
`
`10
`
`

`

`US 2005/0036708 Al
`
`Feb. 17,2005
`
`4
`
`16. The system of claim 15, wherein the means for
`cropping comprise means for excluding image data beyond
`an actual rectangular border contained within the imaginary
`rectangle.
`17. A system for cropping images, the system comprising:
`
`logic configured to analyze a captured image to detect
`human hands contained within the image;
`
`identify an imaginary rectangle
`logic configured to
`defined by the detected human hands; and
`
`logic configured to crop the captured image with refer(cid:173)
`ence to the imaginary rectangle.
`18. The system of claim 17, wherein the logic configured
`to identify an imaginary rectangle comprises logic config(cid:173)
`ured to identify an imaginary rectangle defined by inner
`edges of thumbs and index fingers of the detected human
`hands.
`19. The system of claim 17, further comprising logic
`configured to analyze image data contained within the
`imaginary rectangle to determine whether an actual rectan(cid:173)
`gular border is contained within the imaginary rectangle.
`20. The system of claim 19, wherein the logic configured
`to analyze image data comprises logic configured to differ(cid:173)
`entiate pixels of the captured image to detect edges of a
`document to be captured.
`21. The system of claim 19, wherein the logic configured
`to crop comprises logic configured to exclude image data
`beyond boundaries of the imaginary rectangle.
`
`22. The system of claim 19, wherein the logic configured
`to crop comprises logic configured to exclude image data
`beyond an actual rectangular border contained within the
`imaginary rectangle.
`23. An image cropping system stored on a computer(cid:173)
`readable medium, the system comprising:
`
`logic configured to analyze a captured image to detect
`human hands contained in the captured image;
`
`imaginary rectangle
`logic configured to identify an
`defined by the detected human hands;
`
`logic configured to analyze image data contained within
`the imaginary rectangle to determine whether an actual
`rectangular border is contained within the imaginary
`rectangle;
`
`logic configured to set the imaginary rectangle as a
`cropping guide if an actual rectangular border is not
`contained within the imaginary rectangle;
`
`logic configured to set an actual rectangular border as a
`cropping guide if the actual rectangular border is con(cid:173)
`tained within the imaginary rectangle; and
`
`logic configured to crop the captured image using a set
`cropping guide such that image data beyond boundaries
`of the guide are not retained.
`
`* * * * *
`
`11
`
`