`
`'
`_ ‘ =""7r_r=r_IEnr_rJr_n E
`
`
`
`WU
`
`1h ..
`.1
`w}H;
`fiflflca'and
`
`,
`'J'
`l C.
`gln’eers, n
`
`
`mummanmmmmmmmmmmmmmm E
`
`‘
`
`I?
`'
`-
`r}:
`QIUALCOIMIM EXHIBIT:2002
`'j
`'Applev_. Qualcomm
`.__
`:
`IPR201§01249
`
` nut-Kn!”
`
`”Page -’|
`
`w.l.=.:._.:_-.EWflfinflaflmfiwamfifiwwflmmflmm
`
`r
`
`.r
`
`.‘_
`
`-|-
`I
`I.':
`J'
`
`If
`
`I
`
`I’
`
`-
`
`.'
`
`.
`
`'
`
`.
`
`'
`
`.
`
`.
`
`_|_
`n'
`'I_.'r
`I i '
`
`-
`
`I“
`
`-.
`
`..
`
`I;
`I
`5
`I
`
`r-
`
`\
`
`_
`
`|
`
`r
`
`R
`
`i
`|
`
`'
`
`'.
`
`5
`
`.
`
`.
`
`'r
`
`"Ir
`
`-
`
`.
`
`.
`
`:
`I
`I (r.
`a.
`f
`'.
`
`.
`1‘.
`;'
`
`E
`
`'
`
`'fi'
`,2“-
`
`
`
`a
`
`I
`
`'
`
`1'
`I
`
`l
`
`}
`
`
`
`.
`._
`;.
`.1.
`r
`.
`'3.
`
`‘"_—::'-.-M2.
`
`\.u.r-u.
`
`
`
`'
`
`
`
`1
`'
`
`QUALCOMM EXHIBIT 2002
`Apple v. Qualcomm
`IPR2018-01249
`Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`LIBRARY
`JONES, DAY, REAVIS Rt POGUE
`901 LAKESIDE AVE.
`CLEVELAND. OH 44114
`
`The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
`Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`Sixth Edition
`
`Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`This standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
`organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
`under the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus-based process.
`
`ISBN 1-55337-533-5
`
`"900El0
`
`
`
`
`9 781559 37
`
`8338
`
`Page 2
`
`Page 2
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`known as IEEE Std 100, The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, has evolved
`into the unique compendium of terms that it is today.
`
`The current edition includes all terms defined in approved IEEE standards through December 1996. Terms
`are categorized by their technical subject area. They are also associated with the standards or publications
`in which they currently appear. In some cases, terms from withdrawn standards are included when no
`current source can be found. Earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 included terms from Sources other than
`
`IEEE standards, such as technical journals, books, or conference proceedings. These terms have been
`maintained for the sake of consistency and their sources are listed with the standards in the back of the
`book.
`
`The practice of defining terms varies from standard to standard. Many working groups that write standards
`prefer to work with existing definitions, while others choose to write their own. Thus terms may have
`several similar, although not identical, definitions. Definitions have been combined wherever it has been
`possible to do so by making only minor editorial changes. Otherwise, they have been left as written in
`the original standard.
`
`Users of IEEE Std 100 occasionally comment on the surprising omission of a particular term commonly
`used in an electrical or electronics field. This occurs because the terms in IEEE Std 100 represent only
`those defined in the existing or past body of {BBB standards. To respond to this, some working groups
`obtain authorization to create a glossary of terms used in their field. All existing, approved standard
`glossaries have been incorporated into this edition of IEEE Std 100, including the most current glossaries
`of terms for computers and power engineering.
`
`IEEE working groups are encouraged to refer to IEEE Std 100 when developing new or revised standards
`to avoid redundancy. They are also encouraged to investigate deficiencies in standard terms and create
`standard glossaries to alleviate them.
`
`The sponsoring body for this document was Standards Coordinating Committee 10 on Definitions
`(SCClO), which consisted of the following members:
`
`John W. Balde
`Arthur Ballato
`Bruce Barrow
`William Carey
`Frank A. Denbrock
`Juy Forster
`
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`II
`
`Chris Heegard
`John Horch
`J. L. Koepfinger
`Allen H. Meitzler
`Frank D. Myers
`David E. Roberts
`
`F. A. Saal
`Ralph M. Showers
`Edward N. Skomal
`Kenneth L. Swinth
`Raymond S. Turgel
`Edward F. Vance
`
`
`
`Page 3
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Gilles A. Baril
`Clyde R. Camp
`Joseph A. Cannatelli
`Stephen L. Diamond
`Harold E. Epstein
`Donald C. Fleckenstein
`Jay Forster*
`Donald N. Heirman
`Ben C. Johnson
`
`*Member Emeritus
`
`E. G. “Al" Kiener
`Joseph L. Koepfinger*
`Stephen R. Lambert
`Lawrence V. McCall
`L. Bruce McClung
`Marco W. Migliaro
`Mary Lou Padgett
`John W. Pope
`
`Jose R. Ramos
`Arthur K. Reilly
`Ronald H. Reimer
`Gary 8. Robinson
`lngo Riisch
`John S. Ryan
`Chee Kiow Tan
`Leonard L. Tripp
`Howard L. Wolfman
`
`Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:
`
`Satish K. Aggarwal
`Alan H. Cookson
`
`Chester C. Taylor
`
`Kim Breitfelder (l995-present), IEEE Std 100 Editor
`Stephen Huffman 0993-1995), IEEE Std 100 Editor
`
`Assistance was provided by the IEEE Standards editorial staff.
`
`How to use this dictionary
`
`The terms defined in this dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categories associated
`with the term in earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision. If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Acronyms and abbreviations are no longer listed in a separate section in the dictionary; rather, they are
`incorporated alphabetically with other terms. Each acronym of abbreviation refers to its expanded term.
`
`where it is defined. Acronyms and abbreviations for which no definition was included in past editions
`
`have been deleted from this edition of IEEE Std 100.
`
`
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the IEEE
`
`Standards World Wide Web site at http://standardsjeeeorgl.
` Categories
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of IEEE Std 100 are defined below. This infor
`mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the definition. Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category “StleO” assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than lEEl'
`standards, such as the National Electrical Codeup (NECQ) or the National Fire Protection Association.
`
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all SOUTCC'I
`
`for the most up-to—date terminology.
`
` iv
`
`
`Page 4
`
`Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`AP
`ATL
`BA
`BT
`C
`CAS
`CE
`
`CHM
`COM
`
`CS
`DA
`DEI
`
`DESG
`DIS
`ED
`EDU
`
`EEC
`ELM
`EM
`EMB
`EMC
`GRS
`GSD
`IA
`IE
`[1
`lM
`
`IT
`[VHS
`LEO
`LM
`MAG
`MIL
`MM
`M'IT
`NEC
`
`NESC
`NFPA
`NI
`NIR
`NN
`
`NPS
`ODM
`0E
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`PV
`QUL
`R
`RA
`
`REM
`
`antennas and propagation
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—bus architecture
`broadcast technology
`computer
`circuits and systems
`consumer electronics
`
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`communications
`
`control systems
`computer—design automation
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`electron devices
`education
`
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`engineering management
`engineering in medicine and biology
`electromagnetic compatibility
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industry applications
`industrial electronics
`information infrastructure
`instrumentation and measurement
`
`information theory
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`magnetics
`military
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`microwave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`nuclear instruments
`non-ionizing radiation
`neural networks
`
`.
`
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`oceanic engineering
`computer—portable applications
`power engineering
`power electronics
`power quality
`surge-protective devices
`photovoltaics
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`robotics and automation
`
`rotating electrical machinery
`
`Paoe5
`
`Page 5
`
`

`

`
`
`SP
`StleO
`SUB
`
`SWG
`T&D
`TF
`TRR
`T'I‘
`UFFC
`VT
`
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Categories sorted by name
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communications
`
`components. hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—bus architecture
`computer-design automation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`computer—portable applications
`computer—security and privacy
`computer—software engineering
`consumer electronics
`
`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro—optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`vi
`
`AP
`AMR
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`MM
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`CS
`DE!
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
`EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`
`IA
`II
`IT
`
`IVHS
`LEO
`MAG
`MTT
`
`Page 6
`
`

`

`non-ionizing radiation
`NIR
`
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`NPS
`
`nuclear instruments
`NI
`
`oceanic engineering
`0E
`
`photovoltaics
`PV
`
`power electronics
`PEL
`
`power engineering
`PE
`
`power quality
`PQ
`
`power switchgear
`SWG
`
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`QUL
`
`reliability
`R
`
`roadway lighting
`RL
`
`robotics and automation
`RA
`
`rotating electrical machinery
`REM
`
`signal processing
`SP
`
`Standard 100 legacy data
`StleO
`
`stationary batteries
`SB
`
`substations
`SUB
`
`surge-protective devices
`PSPD
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`SMC
`
`test technology
`"IT
`
`time and frequency
`TF
`
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`TRR
`
`transmission and distribution
`T&D
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`UFFC
`
`vehicular technology
`
`
`
`
` Trademarks
`
` The following is a list of trademarks that may be used in IEEE Std 100-1996, The IEEE Standard
`Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms.
`
`ABBET is pending trademark registration by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`Analog devices is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
`
` BOCA is a registered trademark of Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.
` Futurebus+ is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc.
` iBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
` Mylar is a registered trademark of E1. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
` NEC and National Electrical Code are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association.
` NESC and National Electrical Safety Cod
`of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, In
`
` NESC is a registered trademark and service mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
`
`c are registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute
`
`Inc.
`
` Netbios is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`
`Page 7
`
`Page 7
`
`

`

`Sun Microsystems is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`TURBOchannel is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Uniform Building Code is a trademark of the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO).
`
`VAX is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`VAXBI is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Verilog is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
`
`Velcro is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B. V.
`
`Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`Open Software Foundation, OSF, and the OSF logo are registered trademarks of the Open Software
`Foundation, Inc.
`
`POSIX is a registered certification mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`SCSI is a registered trademark of SCSI Solutions.
`
`SDI is a registered trademark of Maurice Siebenberg.
`
`SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`SPARCstation is a trademark of SPARC lntemational, Inc.
`
`UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through
`XJOpen Company Limited.
`
`X/Open is a registered trademark and the “X” device is a trademark of XIOpen Company, Ltd.
`
`Page 8
`
`

`

`rising edge of the signal and ending on the following rising
`edge of the signal.
`(BA/C) 14964993
`clocked data one (CDl) A Manchester-encoded data I. A CD]
`is encoded as a L0 for the first half of the bit-cell and a Hl
`for the second half of the bit-cell.
`(C/LM) 802.3u—l995
`clocked data zero (CDO) A Manchester—encoded data 0. A
`CDO is encoded as a Hl for the first half of the bit-cell and
`a LO for the second half of the bit-cell.
`(CILM) 802.3u-l995
`clocked logic (power-system communication) The technique
`whereby all
`the memory cells (flip—flops) of a logic net-
`work are caused to change in accordance with logic input
`levels but at a discrete time. See also: digital.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`clocked violation l-Il (CVH) A symbol that deliberately vio-
`lates Manchester-encoding rules, used as a part of the Colli-
`sion Presence signal. A CVH is encoded as a transition from
`L0 to H1 at the beginning of the bit cell, HI for the entire bit
`cell. and a transition from Hl to L0 at the end of the bit cell.
`(CILM) 802.3u-l995
`clocked violation L0 (CVL) A symbol that deliberately vio-
`lates Manchester-encoding rules, used as a part of the Colli-
`sion Presence signal. A CVL is encoded as a transition from
`HI to L0 at the beginning of the bit cell. LO for the entire
`bit cell, and a transition from L0 to Hl at the end of the bit
`cell.
`(CILM) 802.3u-l995
`clocking (data transmission) The generation of periodic sig-
`nals used for synchronization. See also: data processing.
`[49]
`(COM)
`clocking bit (1) ln asynchronous transmission. a bit that signals
`a synchronization event.
`(C) 6l0.7-1995
`(2) A bit containing an encoded signal, preceding the data
`within a data stream. or on a separate channel; used for es-
`tablishing timing intervals. See also: clock track; synchroni-
`zation bit.
`(C) 610.]0-1994
`clock pulse See: clock signal.
`clock reference (digital accelerometer) Basic system timing
`reference.
`(MTT) 457-1982w
`clock, reference A clock of very high stability and accuracy
`that may be completely autonomous and whose frequency
`serves as a basis of comparison for the frequency of other
`clocks.
`(COM)
`1007-1991
`clock register See: timer.
`clock signal A periodic signal used for synchronizing events.
`Synonyms: clock pulse; timing pulse.
`(C) 610.]0-1994
`clockStrobe signal A packet that causes a node to record its
`time-of—day registers (if any) when it
`is received, and to
`record the duration of the propagation of the packet within
`the node. Used for precisely synchronizing multiple time-of-
`day clocks within a system.
`(Cl MM)
`l596—l992
`clock tick An interval of time. A number of these occur each
`second. Clock ticks are one of the units that may be used to
`express a value found in type clock.r.
`
`Paoe9
`
`(CIPA) 9945-14996
`clock track A track on which a pattem of signals, known as
`synchronization bits, is recorded to provide a timing refer-
`ence. Synonym: timing track. See also: clocking bit.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`
`CLOS See: Common LISP Object System.
`close To destroy a package instance.
`(BAIC) 1275-1994
`close and latch The capability of a switching device to
`close (allow current flow) and immediately thereafter latch
`(remain closed) and conduct a specified current through the
`device under specified conditions.
`(PE/SW6) C37.lOO-1992
`
`duct-ventilated apparatus used in conjunction with external
`components so constructed that while it is not necessarily
`ainight, the enclosed air has no deliberate connection with
`the external air. Note: The term must be qualified to describe
`the means used to circulate the cooling air and to remove the
`heat produced in the apparatus.
`closed amortisseur An amortisseur that has the end connections
`connected together between poles by bolted or otherwise sep-
`arable connections.
`closed architecture An architecture for which design parame-
`ters and specifications are not available to anyone except the
`manufacturer of the system. Contrast: open architecture.
`(C) 6l0.10-l994
`closed-circuit cooling (rotating machinery) A method of cool—
`ing in which a primary coolant is circulated in a closed circuit
`through the machine and if necessary a heat exchanger. Heat
`is transferred from the primary coolant to the secondary cool-
`ant through the structural parts or in the heat exchanger.
`
`closed-circuit principle The principle of circuit design in
`which a normally energized electric circuit, on being
`interrupted or de—energized. will cause the controlled function
`to assume its most restrictive condition.
`closed-circuit signaling (data transmission) That type of sig-
`naling in which current flows in the idle condition, and a
`signal is initiated by increasing or decreasing the current.
`
`applied to reduced-voltage
`transition As
`closed-circuit
`controllers, including star-delta controllers, a method of start-
`ing in which the power to the motor is not interrupted during
`the starting sequence. See also: electric controller.
`
`closed-circuit transition auto-transformer starting (rotating
`machinery) The process of auto-transfon'ner
`whereby the motor
`remains connected to the supply
`during the transition from reduced to rated voltage.
`
`closed-circuit voltage (batteries) The voltage at its terminals
`when a specified current is flowing. See also: battery.
`
`closed construction Any building, building component, assem-
`bly or system manufactured in such a manner that all con-
`cealed pans of processes of manufacture cannot be inspected
`before installation at the building site without disassembly,
`damage, or destruction.
`(NECINESC)
`closed curve (image processing and pattern recognition) A
`curve whose beginning and ending points are the same point.
`
`closed curve
`
`closed loop (I) (automatic control) A signal path that includes
`a forward path, a feedback path. and a summing point and
`that forms a closed circuit. See also: feedback loop.
`
`(2) (software) A loop that has no exit and whose execution
`can be interrupted only by intervention from outside the com-
`puter program or procedure in which the loop is located. Con-
`rrasr: UNTIL; WHILE.
`
`Page 9
`
`