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`QUALCOMM EXHIBIT 2002
`Apple v. Qualcomm
`IPR2018-01249
`Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`LIBRARY
`JONES, DAY, REAVIS & POGUE
`901 LAKESIDE AVE.
`CLEVELAND, OH 44114
`
`The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
`Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`Sixth Edition
`
`Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`This standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
`organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
`under the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus-based process.
`
`ISBN 1-55937-633-b
`
`|1781559
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`
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`Page 2
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`Page 2
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`

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`known as IEEE Std 100, The [EEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, has evolved
`into the unique compendium oftermsthatit is today.
`
`The currentedition includesall terms defined in approved IEEE standards through December 1996. Terms
`are categorized by their technical subject area. They are also associated with the standards or publications
`in which they currently appear. In some cases, terms from withdrawn standards are included when no
`current source can be found. Earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 included terms from sources other than
`IEEE standards, such as technical journals, books, or conference proceedings. These terms have been
`maintained for the sake of consistency and their sources are listed with the standards in the back of the
`book.
`
`Thepractice of defining terms varies from standard to standard. Many working groupsthat write standards
`prefer to work with existing definitions, while others choose to write their own. Thus terms may have
`several similar, although not identical, definitions. Definitions have been combined whereverit has been
`possible to do so by making only minor editorial changes. Otherwise, they have been left as written in
`the original standard.
`
`Users of IEEE Std 100 occasionally comment on the surprising omission of a particular term commonly
`used in an electrical or electronics field. This occurs because the terms in IEEE Std 100 represent only
`those defined in the existing or past body of IEEE standards. To respond to this, some working groups
`obtain authorization to create a glossary of terms used in their field. All existing, approved standard
`glossaries have been incorporated into this edition of IEEE Std 100, including the most current glossaries
`of terms for computers and power engineering.
`
`IEEE working groups are encouraged to refer to IEEE Std 100 when developing new or revised standards
`to avoid redundancy. They are also encouraged to investigate deficiencies in standard terms and create
`standard glossaries to alleviate them.
`
`The sponsoring body for this document was Standards Coordinating Committee 10 on Definitions
`(SCC10), which consisted of the following members:
`
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`
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`
`
`John W. Balde
`Arthur Ballato
`Bruce Barrow
`William Carey
`Frank A. Denbrock
`Juy Forster
`
`®
`
`Chris Heegard
`John Horch
`J. L. Koepfinger
`Allen H. Meitzler
`Frank D. Myers
`David E. Roberts
`
`F. A. Saal
`Ralph M. Showers
`Edward N. Skomal
`Kenneth L. Swinth
`Raymond S. Turgel
`Edward F. Vance
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`Page 3
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`Gilles A. Baril
`Clyde R. Camp
`Joseph A. Cannatelli
`Stephen L. Diamond
`Harold E. Epstein
`Donald C. Fleckenstein
`Jay Forster*
`Donald N, Heirman
`Ben C. Johnson
`
`*Member Emeritus
`
`E. G. “AI” Kiener
`Joseph L, Koepfinger*
`Stephen R. Lambert
`Lawrence V. McCall
`L. Bruce McClung
`Marco W.Migliaro
`Mary Lou Padgett
`John W. Pope
`
`Jose R. Ramos
`Arthur K.Reilly
`Ronald H. Reimer
`Gary S. Robinson
`Ingo Riisch
`John 8. Ryan
`Chee Kiow Tan
`Leonard L. Tripp
`Howard L. Wolfman
`
`Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:
`
`Satish K. Aggarwal
`Alan H, Cookson
`Chester C. Taylor
`
`Kim Breitfelder (1995-present), JEEE Sid 100 Editor
`Stephen Huffman (1993-1995), JEZE Sid 100 Editor
`
`Assistance was provided by the IEEE Standardseditorial staff.
`
`Howto usethis dictionary
`
`The terms defined in this dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignoredin
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal, Descriptive categories associated
`with the term in earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed bytheletter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision.If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`
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`
`
`Acronyms and abbreviations are no longer listed in a separate section in the dictionary; rather, they are
`incorporated alphabetically with other terms. Each acronym of abbreviation refers to its expanded term,
`
`where it is defined. Acronyms and abbreviations for which no definition was included in past editions
`
`have been deleted from this edition of IEEE Std 100.
`
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the [EEE
`
`Standards World Wide Website at http://standards.ieee.org/.
` Categories
`
`
`
` iv
`
`
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of IEEE Std 100 are defined below. This infor
`mation is provided to help elucidate the contextof the definition, Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category “Std100”assigned to them, Note that terms from sources other than IEEI'
`standards, such as the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) or the National Fire Protection Association,
`
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check thelatest editionsofall sources
`
`for the most up-to-date terminology.
`
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`Page 4
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`Page 4
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`

` Categories sorted by abbreviation
`
`AP
`antennas and propagation
`ATL
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`BA
`computer—busarchitecture
`BT
`broadcast technology
`Cc
`computer
`CAS
`circuits and systems
`consumerelectronics
`CE
`CHM
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`communications
`COM
`cs
`control systems
`DA
`computer— design automation
`DEI
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`DESG
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`DIS
`computer—distributed interactive siraulation
`ED
`electron devices
`EDU
`education
`EEC
`electrical equipment and components
`ELM
`electricity metering
`EM
`engineering management
`EMB
`engineering in medicine and biology
`EMC
`electromagnetic compatibility
`GRS
`geoscience and remote sensing
`GSD
`graphic symbols and designations
`IA
`industry applications
`IE
`industrial electronics
`Il
`information infrastructure
`IM
`instrumentation and measurement
`IT
`information theory
`IVHS
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`LEO
`lasers and electro-optics
`LM
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`MAG
`magnetics
`MIL
`military
`MM
`computer— microprocessors and microcomputers
`MTT
`microwave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`NEC
`NESC
`National Electrical Safety Code
`NFPA
`National Fire Protection Association
`NI
`nuclear instruments
`NIR
`non-ionizing radiation
`neural networks
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer— optical disk and multimedia platforms
`oceanic engineering
`computer— portable applications
`power engineering
`powerelectronics
`powerquality
`surge-protective devices
`photovoltaics
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`
`NPS
`ODM
`OE
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`
`QUL
`
`RA
`REM
`
`Page 5
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`Page 5
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`

`

`SP
`Sid 100
`SUB
`SWG
`T&D
`TF
`TRR
`TT
`UFFC
`VT
`
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Categories sorted by name aerospace and electronic systems
`
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communications
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer — Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—busarchitecture
`computer-—design automation
`computer— distributed interactive simulation
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`computer —portable applications
`computer — security and privacy
`computer—software engineering
`consumerelectronics
`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`vi
`
`AE
`AP
`AMR
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`Cc
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`MM
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`cs
`DEI
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
` EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`IE
`IA
`II
`IT
`IM
`IVHS
`LEO
`MAG
`MTT
`
`=
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`Page 6
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`Page 6
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`non-ionizing radiation
`NIR
`
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`NPS
`
`nuclear instruments
`NI
`
`oceanic engineering
`OE
`
`photovoltaics
`PV
`
`powerelectronics
`PEL
`
`power engineering
`PE
`
`power quality
`PQ
`
`power switchgear
`SWG
`
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`QUL
`
`reliability
`R
`
`roadwaylighting
`RL
`
`robotics and automation
`RA
`
`rotating electrical machinery
`REM
`
`signal processing
`SP
`
`Standard 100 legacy data
`Std100
`
`stationary batteries
`SB
`
`substations
`SUB
`
`surge-protective devices
`PSPD
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`SMC
`
`test technology
`TT
`
`time and frequency
`TF
`
`transformers,regulators, and reactors
`TRR
`
`transmission and distribution
`T&D
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`UFFC
`
`vehicular technology
`
`
`
`
`Trademarks
`
`that may be used in IEEE Sid 100-1996, The IEEE Standard
`Terms.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The following is a list of trademarks
`Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics
`ABBETis pending trademark registration by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`Analog devicesis a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
`BOCAis a registered trademark of Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.
`Futurebus+ is a registered trademark ofthe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`IBMis a registered trademark of International Business Machines,Inc.
`Mylar is a registered trademark of E.1. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
`NEC and National Electrical Code are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association.
`NESC and National Electrical Safety Cod
`€ are registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute
`of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, In
`NESCis a registered trademark and service mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
`
`Inc.
`
`Netbios is a registered trademark of International Business Machines,Inc.
`
` v
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`Page 7
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`Page 7
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`

`

`Open Software Foundation, OSF, and the OSF logo are registered trademarks of the Open Software
`Foundation,Inc.
`
`POSIX is a registered certification mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`SCSIis a registered trademark of SCSI Solutions.
`
`SDI is a registered trademark of Maurice Siebenberg.
`
`SPARCis a registered trademark of SPARC Intemational, Inc.
`
`SPARCstation is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`Sun Microsystems is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`TURBOchannelis a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`Uniform Building Code is a trademark of the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO).
`UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through
`X/Open Company Limited.
`
`X/Openis a registered trademark and the “X” device is a trademark of X/Open Company, Ltd.
`
`VAXis a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`VAXBIis a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Verilog is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
`
`Velcro is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B. V.
`
`Windowsis a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`Page 8
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`

`

`Page 9
`
`rising edge of the signal and ending on the following rising
`edge ofthe signal.
`(BA/C) 1496-1993
`clocked data one (CD1) A Manchester-encoded data |. A CD1
`is encoded as a LO forthe first half of the bit-cell and a HI
`for the second half of the bit-cell.
`(C/LM) 802.3u-1995
`clocked data zero (CD0} A Manchester-encoded data 0. A
`CDO is encoded as a HI for the first half of the bit-cell and
`a LO for the second half of the bit-ceil.
`(C/LM) 802.3u-1995
`clocked logic (power-system communication) The technique
`whereby all
`the memory cells (flip-flops) of a logic net-
`work are caused to change in accordance with logic input
`levels but at a discrete time. See also: digital.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`clocked violation HI (CVH) A symbolthat deliberately vio-
`lates Manchester-encodingrules, used as a part of the Colli-
`sion Presence signal. A CVHis encoded as a transition from
`LO to HIat the beginning ofthe bit cell, HI for the entire bit
`cell, and a transition from HI to LO at the end ofthe bit cell.
`(C/LM) 802.3u-1995
`clocked violation LO (CVL} A symbol that deliberately vio-
`lates Manchester-encoding rules, used as a part of the Colli-
`sion Presence signal. A CVL is encoded as a transition from
`HI to LO at the beginning of the bit cell, LO for the entire
`bit cell, and a transition from LO to HI at the end of the bit
`cell.
`(C/LM) 802,3u-1995
`clocking (data transmission) The generation of periodic sig-
`nals used for synchronization. See aise: data processing.
`[49]
`(COM)
`clocking bit (1) In asynchronoustransmission,a bit that signals
`a synchronization event.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(2) A bit containing an encoded signal, preceding the data
`within a data stream, or on a separate channel; used for es-
`tablishing timing intervals. See also: clock track; synchroni-
`zation bit,
`(C) 610,10-1994
`clock pulse See: clock signal.
`clock reference (digital accelerometer) Basic system timing
`reference.
`{MTT) 457-1982w
`clock, reference A clock of very high stability and accuracy
`that may be completely autonomous and whose frequency
`serves as a basis of comparison for the frequency of other
`clocks.
`(COM)
`1007-1991
`clock register See: timer.
`elock signal A periodic signal used for synchronizing events.
`Synonyms: clock pulse; timing pulse.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`clockStrobe signal A packet that causes a node to record its
`time-of-day registers (if any} when it
`is received, and to
`record the duration of the propagation of the packet within
`the node. Used for precisely synchronizing multiple time-of-
`day clocks within a system.
`(C/MM)
`£596-1992
`clock tick An interval of time. A number of these occur each
`second. Clock ticks are one of the units that may be used to
`express a value found in type clocks.
`
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996
`elock track A track on which a pattem of signals, known as
`synchronization bits, is recorded to provide a timing refer-
`ence. Synonym:timing track, See also: clocking bit.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`
`CLOSSee: Common LISP Object System.
`close To destroy a package instance.
`(BA/C) 1275-1994
`close and latch The capability of a switching device to
`close (allow current flow) and immediately thereafter latch
`(remain closed) and conduct a specified current through the
`device under specified conditions.
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992
`
`duct-ventilated apparatus used in conjunction with external
`components so constructed that while it is not necessarily
`airtight, the enclosed air has no deliberate connection with
`the external air. Note: The term must be qualified to describe
`the means used to circulate the cooling air and to remove the
`heat produced in the apparatus.
`closed amortisseur An amortisseurthat has the end connections
`connected together between poles by bolted or otherwise sep-
`arable connections.
`closed architecture An architecture for which design pacame-
`ters and specifications are not available to anyone except the
`manufacturer of the system. Contrast: open architecture.
`{C) 610,10-1994
`closed-circuit cooling (rotating machinery) A method of cool-
`ing in which a primary coolantis circulated in a closed circuit
`through the machine and if necessary a heat exchanger. Heat
`is transferred from the primary coolant to the secondary cool-
`ant through the structural parts or in the heat exchanger.
`
`closed-circuit principle The principle of circuit design in
`which a normally energized electric circuit, on being
`interrupted or de-energized, will cause the controlled function
`to assume its most restrictive condition.
`closed-circuit signaling (data transmission) That type ofsig-
`naling in which current flows in the idle condition, and a
`signalis initiated by increasing or decreasing the current.
`
`applied to reduced-voltage
`transition As
`closed-circuit
`controllers, including star-de!ta controllers, a method ofstart-
`ing in which the powerto the motoris not interrupted during
`the starting sequence. See also: electric controller.
`
`closed-circuit transition auto-transformerstarting (rotating
`machinery} The process of auto-transformer
`whereby the moter
`remains connected to the supply
`during the transition from reduced to rated voltage.
`
`closed-circuit voltage (batteries) The voltage at its terminals
`when a specified current is flowing. See afso: battery.
`
`closed construction Any building, building component, assem-
`bly or system manufactured in such a mannerthat all con-
`cealed parts of processes of manufacture cannotbe inspected
`before installation at the building site without disassembly,
`damage, or destruction.
`(NEC/NESC)
`closed curve (image processing and patterm recognition) A
`curve whose beginning and ending points are the same point.
`
`closed curve
`
`closed loop {1} (automatic control) A signal path that includes
`a forward path, a feedback path, and a summing point and
`that forms a closed circuit. See also: feedback loop.
`
`(2) (software) A loop that has no exit and whose execution
`can be interrupted only by intervention from outside the com-
`puter program or procedure in which the loopis located. Con-
`trast: UNTIL, WHILE.
`
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