`
`
`
`
`
`
`(12) United States Patent
`
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`Us 6,226,686 B1
`
`
`Rothschild et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(45) Date of Patent:
`May 1, 2001
`
`
`
`
`U5006226686B1
`
`
`
`(54) SERVER-GROUP MESSAGING SYSTEM FOR
`
`
`
`
`INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`(75)
`
`
`
`Inventors: Jeffrey Jackiel Rothschild, Los Gatos;
`
`
`
`
`
`Daniel Joseph Samuel, Sunnyvale;
`
`
`
`
`Marc Peter Kwiatkowski, Los Gatos,
`
`
`
`
`all Of CA (US)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`Ahuj a, S.R., et al., “The Rapport Multimedia Conferencing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`System,” Conference on Office Information Systems 1988,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 1—7.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(list continued on next page.)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(73) Assignee: HearMe, Mountain View, CA (US)
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`( * ) Notice:
`SubJect to any disclaimer, the term of this
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(21) Appl. NO': 09/407’371
`(22) Filed:
`Sep. 28, 1999
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Re]ated U_S_ Application Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/896,797, filed on Jul. 18,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1997, now Pat. No. 6,018.766, which is a continuation of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`fillscggnsgg' 08/595,323, filed on Feb‘ 1’ 1996’ now Pat'
`'
`'
`’
`’
`
`
`
`(51)
`G06F 15/16
`Int. Cl.7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.................... 709/245; 709/218
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 709/218, 206,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`709/230, 236, 207, 231, 232, 204, 245;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`370/389, 390
`
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`
`
`4,470,954
`
`4,572,509
`
`4,740,954
`
`4,807,224
`
`
`
`
`
`0 637 I49
`WO 93/15572
`
`
`WO 95/10908
`
`
`WO 95/10911
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U‘S' PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`9/1984 Cotton et a1. ........... 370/60
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2/1986 Sitrick ..............
`273/85 G
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4/1988 Cotton et al.
`370/60
`
`
`
`
`
`
`................
`2/1989 Naron et a1.
`370/94
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PA'l'LN'l‘ DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2/1995 (EP) ................... H04L/12/l8
` 8/1993 (W0) .................... II04J/3/26
`
`
`
`
`
` 4/1995 (W0) ................. H04L/12/18
`
`
`
`
`
`4/1995 (W0) ................. H04L/29/06
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Primary Examiner—Zarni Maung
`
`
`
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm$terne, Kessler, Goldstein,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`& Fox PLLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`
`A method for deploying interactive applications over a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`network containing host computers and group messaging
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`servers is disclosed. The method operates in a conventional
`unicast network architecture comprised of conventional net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`work links and iinicast gateways and routers. The hosts send
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`messages containing destination group addresses by unicast
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to the group messaging servers. The group addresses select
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`message groups maintained by the group messaging servers.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`For each message group, the group messaging servers also
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`maintain a list of all of the hosts that are members of the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`particular group.
`In its most simple implementation, the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`method consists of the group server receiving a message
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`from a host containing a destination group addrcss- Using
`the group address, the group messaging server then selects
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a message group which lists all of the host members of the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`group which are the targets of messages to the group. The
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`group messaging server then forwards the message to each
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of the target hosts. In an interactive application, many
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`messages will be arriving at the group server close to one
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`another in time. Rather than simply forward each message to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`its targeted hosts, the group messaging server aggregates the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`contents of each of messages received during a specified
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`time period and then sends an aggregated message to the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`targeted hosts. The time period can be defined in a number
`of ways. This method reduces the message traflic between
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`hosts in a networked interactive application and contributes
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to reducing the latency in the communications between the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`hosts.
`
`
`19 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`97
`
`
`
`98
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Host A Sends
`Host A Receives
`
`A
`S
`G
`F1
`5
`A
`H
`P2
`P3
`P4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10‘
`
`
`B Hagfiseends F2
`1 S
`BHOS‘IB ReliefvesF3
`P4
`
`
`
`
`
`TUZ
`
`
`
`103
`
`
`
`Hcsl C Rezel‘las
`SCJ‘P1P2P4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Host D RSCSIVGS
`sinkpii-vaa
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`HostC Sends
`c‘SGPa
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Has! D Sends
`DSGP4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`99
`
`‘00
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1m ’1
`
`‘DZJ‘
`133
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Group Server Sands
`96
`Group Server Retewes
`
`S
`A
`H
`P2
`F3
`P4
`A
`S
`6
`P1
`
`
`S 7
`B
`l
`P1
`P3
`PA
`97 1 B
`S
`G
`P2
`S
`C
`J
`al
`F2
`Pl.
`C l
`S
`G
`P3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`S
`D
`K
`PI
`FZi P3
`934‘
`D
`S
`G 1F“
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`99
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 1
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - EX. 1002, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1002, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 6,226,686 B1
`
`Page 2
`
`
`
`4,984,235
`
`4,991,171
`
`4,998,199
`
`5,079,767
`
`5,083,800
`
`5,089,813
`
`5,117,420
`
`5,150,410
`
`5,150,464
`
`5,245,608
`
`5,257,113
`
`5,287,530
`
`5,289,460
`
`5,297,143
`
`5,309,433
`
`5,309,437
`
`5,329,619
`
`5,361,256
`
`5,365,523
`
`5,408,261
`
`5,418,912
`
`5,430,727
`
`5,453,780
`
`5,475,819
`
`5,481,735
`
`5,502,726
`
`5,517,494
`
`5,558,339
`
`5,581,552
`
`5,586,257
`
`5,586,937
`
`5,590,281
`
`5,594,732
`
`5,630,757
`
`5,634,011
`
`5,674,127
`
`5,685,775
`
`5,729,540
`
`5,740,170
`
`5,740,231
`
`5,761,436
`
`5,778,187
`
`5,784,568
`
`5,805,830
`
`5,812,552
`
`5,930,259
`
`5,946,308
`
`5,956,485
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`............................ 370/60
`1/ 991 Hillis et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`..... 370/94.1
`2/ 991 Teraslinna et a1.
`
`
`
`
`
`364/410
`3/ 991 Tashiro et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`.. 370/943
`1/ 992 Perlman
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1/ 992 Lockton
`273/439
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2/ 992 DeLuca et a .
`340182544
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 992 IIillis et al.
`..... 370/60
`..
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 992 Bertrand
`.. 380/28
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 992 Sidhu et al.
`.
`395120001
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 993 Deaton, Jr. et al.
`.. 3701941
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10/ 993 Chen et a1.
`..
`358/426
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2/ 994 Davis et al.
`..... 370/94.1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2/ 994 Drake, Jr. et a1. ........... 370/17
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3/ 994 Fridrieh et a].
`.
`370/853
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 994 Cidon et a1.
`.
`..... 370/60
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 994 Perlman et al.
`370/85.13
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`395120001
`7/ 994 Page et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`11/ 994 Doeringer el al.
`..... 370/60
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`11/ 994 Derby et a1.
`370/85.2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4/ 995 Kamata et al.
`. 348/15
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 995 Christensen
`395/200
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`7/ 995 Callon ......
`370/85.13
`
`
`
`
`
`9/’ 995 Chen et al.
`..... 348/15
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12/ 995 Miller et al.
`. 395120001
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1/ 996 Morlensen el 4
`395/200.1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3/ 996 Fischer .
`.. 370/94.1
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 996 Green ................ 370/60
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 996 Peilnian ................... 463/42
`
`
`
`
`12/ 996 Civanlar et al.
`370/396
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12/ 996 Perlman
`.. 463/42
`
`
`
`
`
`12/ 996 Menashe .......... 463/41
`
`
`
`
`
`12/ 996 Stevens .......
`395120001
`
`
`
`
`1/ 997 Bell et al.
`370/401
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 997 Gagin et al.
`..... 463/43
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/ 997 Auerbach el al.
`395/20015
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10/ 997 Horstmann et al.
`..... 463/42
`
`
`
`
`
`
`111” 997 Bakoglu et al.
`. 463/41
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3/ 998 Wegrzyn .....
`370/336
`
`
`
`
`4/ 998 Andou et al.
`370/390
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4/’ 998 Cohn et al.
`..... 379/83
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/ 998 Nielsen .......
`395120075
`
`
`
`
`
`7/ 998 Monteiro et al.
`. 395120061
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/ 998 Needham .
`.. 395120064
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 998 Reese et al.
`395120035
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 998 Arora et al.
`.
`370/401
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`7/ 999 Katsube et al.
`...... 370/409
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8/ 999 Dobbins et al.
`.......... 370/392
`.. 395120034
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/ 999 Perlman
`
`
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Braudes, R. and Zabele, S., “Requirements for Multicast
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Protocols,” Network Working Group Request for Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ments: 1458, May 1993, 16 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Cameron,
`P. et al., “Transport Multiplexing Protocol
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(TMux),” Network Working Group Request for Comments:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1692, Aug. 1994, 10 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`Cheriton, DR. and Deering, S.E., “Host Groups: A Multi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cast Extension for Datagram Internetworks,” ACM/IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`Proceedings of the Ninth Data Communications Sympo-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sium, Sep. 10—13, 1985, pp. 172—179.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Chimiak, W., “A Comment on Packet Video Remote Con—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ferencing and the Transport/Network Layers,” Network
`
`
`
`
`
`Working Group Request for Comments: 1453, Apr. 1993, 9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pages.
`
`Crocker, D.H., “Standard For The Format Of ARPA Internet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Text Messages,” IETF RFC #822, Aug. 13, 1982, 43 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Deering, SE. and Cheriton, D.R., “Host Groups: A Multi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cast Extension to the Internet Protocol,” Network Working
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Group Request for Comments: 966, Dec. 1985, 23 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Deering, S., “Host Extensions for IP Multicasting,” Network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Working Group for Comments: 1054, May 1988, 16 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Deering, S., “Host Extensions for IP Multicasting,” Network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Working Group Request for Comments: 1112, Aug., 1989,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`14 pages.
`
`
`Handley, M.J., “The Car System: Multimedia in Support of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collaborative Design,” Computing and Control Division
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Colloquium on “Multimedia and Professional Applications”,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Feb. 3, 1993, pp. 8/1—8/5.
`
`
`
`
`
`Henekel, L., “Multipeer Transport Services for Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Applications,” High Performance Networking, V: Proc. Of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the IFIP TC6/WG6.4 Fifth International Conference on High
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Performance Networking,
`27—Jul.
`1, 1994, pp.
`Jun.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`167—184.
`
`Kirsche, T. et al., “Communication support for cooperative
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`work,” Computer Communications, vol. 16, No. 9, Sep.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1993, pp. 594—602.
`
`
`
`Lauwers, J.C. et al., “Replicated Architectures for Shared
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Window Systems: A Critique,” Proc. of the ACM Confer-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ence on Office Information Systems, 1990, pp. 249—260.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ieung, Y—W. And Yum, T—S., “Optimum Connection Paths
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for a Class of Videoconferenees,” Int’l Conference on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Comm.
`ICC 91, vol.
`1 of 3, Jun. 23—26, 1991, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`0859—0865.
`
`Ieung, Y—W. And Yum, T—S., “A Modular Multirate Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Distributing System—Design and Dimensioning,” IEEE/
`
`
`
`
`
`ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 2, No. 6, Dec. 1994,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 549—557.
`
`
`Li, Y and Andresen, S., “Multipoint Conferencing for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Mobile Communications Network,” 2”“ Int’l. Conference on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Universal Personal Communications, Oct. 12—15, 1993, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`212—21 6.
`
`Multipoint Control Units For Audiovisual Systems Using
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Digital Channels Up To 2 Mbit/s, ITU Standard Draft H.231,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1993, pp. 11—22.
`
`
`
`Ngoh, L, “Multicast Support for Group Communications,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 166—178, Oct.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1991, pp. 166—178.
`
`
`
`Postel, J.B., “Simple Mail Transfer Protocol,” Internet Engi—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`neering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`821, Aug. 1982, 59 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`Rajagopalan, 13., “Membership protocols for distributed
`
`
`
`
`
`conference control,” Computer Communications, vol. 18,
`
`
`
`
`
`No. 10, Oct. 1995, pp. 695—708.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Armstrong, S. et al., “Multicast Transport Protocol,” Net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`work Working Group Request For Comments: 1301, 1992,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`31 pages.
`
`
`Berglund, E]. and Cheriton, D.R. “Amaze: A Distributed
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multi—Player Game Program using the Distributed V Ker-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nel,” IEEE Proceedings of the Fourth Int’l Conf. on Dis—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tributed Systems, 1984, pp. 248—253.
`
`
`
`
`
`Braden, R. (ed.), “Requirements for Internet Hosts—Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`munication Layers,” Network Working Group Request for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Comments: 1122, Oct. 1989, 100 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Braden, R. (ed.), “Requirements for Internet Hosts—Appli-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cation and Support,” Network Working Group Request for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Comments: 1123, Oct. 1989, 84 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Braden, R. et al., “Integrated Services in the Internet Archi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tecture: An Overview,” Network Working Group Request
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Comments: 1633, Jun. 1994, 27 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 2
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - EX. 1002, p. 2
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1002, p. 2
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 6,226,686 B1
`
`Page 3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ramanathan, S. et al., “Optimal Communication Architec—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ture for Multimedia Conferencing in Distributed Systems,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The 12’” Int’l Conference on Distributed Computing Sys-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tems, Jun. 9—12, 1992, pp. 46—53.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rose, MT and Stefferud, E.A., “Proposed Standard for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Message Encapsulation,” Network Working Group Request
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Comments: 934, Jan. 1985, 9 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Schaffer, U., “MPPS—A Multiparty Presentation Service,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Upper Layer Protocols, Architectures and Applications:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Proc. Of the IFIP TC6NVG6.5 International Conference on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Upper Layer Protocols, Architectures and Applications, Jun.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1—3, 1994, pp. 243—256.
`
`
`
`
`Sc iooler, E.M., “The Impact of Scaling on 21 Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Connection Architecture,” A CMJournal ofMullimedia Sys-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tems, V0 . 1, N0. 1, 1993, pp. 1—10.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sc iulzrinne, H., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for RealiTime
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Applications,”
`IETF
`Internet
`Draft
`
`
`
`draft—iet —avt—rtp—00.doc, Dec. 15, 1992, 23 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sc iulzrinne, H. and Casner, S., “RTP: ATransport Protocol
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Real—Time Applications,”
`IETF
`Internet Draft
`
`
`
`
`
`draft—iet —avt—rtp—01.txt, May 6, 1993, 16 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sc iulzrinne, H. and Casner, S., “RTP: ATransport Protocol
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Real—Time Applications,”
`IETF
`Internet Draft
`
`
`
`
`
`draft—iet ‘—avt—rtp—02.txt, Jill. 30, 1993, 24 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sc iulzrinne, H. and Casner, S., “RTP: ATransport Protocol
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Real—Time Applications,”
`IETF
`Internet Draft
`
`
`
`
`
`draft—iet —avt—rtp—04.txt, Oct. 20, 1993, 33 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sc iulzrinne, H. et al., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Real—Time Applications,” Network Working Group Request
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Comments Request for Comments: 1889, Jan. 1996, 61
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pages.
`
`Singhal, SK. and Chcriton, D.R., “Using a Position Histo-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ryiBased Protocol for Distributed Object Visualization,”
`
`
`
`
`
`Stanford University Technical Report No. CS—TR—94—1505,
`
`
`
`
`
`1994, 25 pages.
`
`
`
`“System for Establishing Communication Between Audio-
`
`
`
`
`
`visual Terminals Using Digital Channels Up To 2 Mbit/s,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Amended/Ner
`Draft
`Recommendation
`Of
`The
`
`
`
`
`H.240—Series Submitted To The Xth CCI'l‘l‘ Plenary Assem-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`bly COM XVAR 944E, May 1992, 68 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Thomas, E, “Listserv Distribute Protocol,” Network Work-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ing Group Request for Comments: 1429, Feb., 1993, 7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pages.
`
`Turletti, T., “H.261 software codec for videoconferencing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`over the Internet,” Rapports de Recherche N0. 1834, Jan.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1993, pp. 1—18.
`
`
`
`Vin, HM. et al., “Multimedia Conferencing in the Ether-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`phone Environment,” Computer: Multimedia Information
`
`
`
`
`Systems, Oct. 1991, pp. 69—79.
`
`
`
`
`
`Vonderweidt, G. et al., “A Multipoint Communication Ser—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vice for Interactive Applications,” IEEE Transactions on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Communications, vol.
`12, Dec.
`1991, pp.
`39, No.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1875—1885.
`
`Waitzman, D. et al., “Distance Vector Multicast Routing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Protocol,” Network Working Group Request for Comments:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1075, Nov. 1988, 20 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`W'ancho, F., Digest Message Format: Network Working
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Group Request for Comments: 1153, Apr. 1990, 4 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`W'aters, A.G., “Multicast Provision for High Speed Net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`works,” IIigh Performance Networking, IV: Proc. Of the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IFIP TC6/WG6.4 Fourth International Conference on High
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Performance Networking, Dec. 14—18, 1992, pp. 317—332.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Weiss, G. and Ziegler, C., “Packet Switched Voice Confer—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`encing Across Interconnected Networks,” Proceedings 13’”
`
`
`
`
`
`Conference on Local Computer Networks, Oct. 10—12,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1988, pp. 114—124.
`
`
`
`Weiss, G. and Ziegler, C., “A Comparative Analysis of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Implementation Mechanism for Packet Voice Conferenc-
`
`
`
`
`
`ing,” IEEE INFOCOM ’90 Proceedings v01. 1., 1990, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1062—1070.
`
`Willebeek—LeMair, M.H. and Shae, Z—Y., “Centralized ver-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sus Distributed Schemes for Videoconferencing,” Proceed-
`
`
`
`
`
`ings of the Fifth IEEE Computer Society Workshop on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, Aug.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`28—30, 1995, pp. 85—93.
`
`
`
`Zarros, P.N.,et al., “Statistical Synchronization Among Par-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ticipants in RealiTime Multimedia Conference,” IEEE Info—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Com Proceedings ’94 vol. 1, 1994, pp. 912—919.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ziegler, C. et al., “Implementation Mechanisms for Packet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Switched Voice Conferencing,” IEEE Journal on Selected
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Areas in Communications, vol. 7, No. 5, Jun. 1989, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`698—706.
`
`Altenhofen, Michael et al., “The BERKOM Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collaboration Service,” ACM Multimedia,
`1993, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`457—462.
`
`Arango, Mauricio et al., “Touring Machine: A Software
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Infrastructure to Support Multimedia Communications,”
`
`
`
`
`Communications of the ACM, 1993, pp. 186—189.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Chang, Wan—the et al., “Call Processing And Signaling In A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Desktop Multimedia Conferencing System,” Proc. Of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GLOBECOM, 1992, pp. 225—229.
`
`
`
`
`Deering, Stephen Edward, Mu lticast Routing lnADatagram
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Internetwork, Stanford University Dissertation, Dec. 1991,
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. i—xiii and 1—137.
`
`
`
`
`Horton, Mark R., “UUCP Mail Interchange Format Stan-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`dard,” Networking Working Group Request for Comments:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`976, Feb. 1986, 10 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`Kantor, Brian and Lapsley, Phil, “Network News Transfer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Protocol: AProposed Standard for the Stream—Based Trans-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`mission of News,” Networldng Working Group Request for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Comments: 977, Feb. 1986, 22 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Leiner, B. (ed.), “Critical Issues in High Bandwidth Net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`working,” Networking Working Group Request for Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ments: 1077, Nov. 1988, 37 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`in IP/TCP Internet-
`Nagle, John, “Congestion Control
`
`
`
`
`
`
`works,” Networking Group Request for Comments: 896,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Jan. 6, 1984, 8 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`Ong, Lyndon Y. and Schwartz, Mischa, “Centralized and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Distributed Control for Multimedia Conferencing,” Pro-
`
`
`
`
`
`ceedings of ICC, 1993, pp. 197—201.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Romahn, Gotz, “System Aspects Of Multipoint Videocon—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ferencing,” GLOBECOM, 1987, pp. 723—725.
`
`
`
`
`
`Schulzrinne et al., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IETF
`Applications,”
`Internet
`—Time
`Draft
`
`
`
`
`draft—ietf—avt—rtp—06.txt, Nov. 28, 1994, 93 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Schulzrinne et al., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Draft
`Internet
`IETF
`Applications,”
`—Time
`
`
`
`
`draftiietfiavtirtpinew408.txt, Jul. 14, 2000, 90 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zellweger, Polle T. et al., “An Overview Of The Etherphone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`System And Its Applications,” 2nd IEEE Conference on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computer Workstations, Mar. 7—10, 1988, pp. 160—168.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants’
`Initial Disclosure of Prior Art Under Civil
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Local Rule 16—7(D)—(E), 21 Pages, Entered Apr. 4, 2000 in
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IIearMe V. Lipstream Networks, Inc. et al., United States
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`District Court for the Northern District of California, Case
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No. C 99—04506 WHA.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 3
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - EX. 1002, p. 3
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1002, p. 3
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 6,226,686 B1
`Page 4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants’ Response Chart For US. application No. 5,822,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`523 Under Civil Local Rule 16—9(B), 26 Pages Plus Exhibits
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A—K, Dated Jul. 5, 2000, Filed in HearMe V. Lipstream
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Networks, Inc. et a1., United States District Court for the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Northern District of California—San Francisco Division,
`
`
`
`
`
`Case No. C 99—04506 W'HA.
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants’ Response Chart For US. application No. 6,018,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`766 Under Civil Local Rule 16—9(B), 28 Pages Plus Exhibits
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A—J, Dated Aug. 1, 2000, Filed in HearMe V. Lipstream
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Networks, Inc. et a1., United States District Court for the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Northern District of California—San Francisco Division,
`
`
`
`
`
`Case No. C 994M506 W'HA.
`
`
`
`
`
`Addeo, E]. et al., “A Multi—Media Multi—Point Communi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cation Services Capability for Broadband Networks,” 1987,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 4237428.
`
`
`a1., “Personal Multi—Media Multi—Point
`Addeo, E]. et
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Communication Services for Broadband Networks,” 1988,
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 53757.
`
`
`Aguilar, Lorenzo, “Datagram Routing for Internet Multi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`casting,” 1984, pp. 58—63.
`
`
`
`
`Aguilar, L. et a1., “Architecture for a Multimedia Telecon—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ferencing System,” 1986, pp. 126—136.
`
`
`
`
`
`Aras, C. et
`a1., “Real—Time Communication in Pack-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`etiSwitehed Networks,” 1994, pp. 127139.
`
`
`
`
`
`Baguette, Yves and Danthine, Andre, “Comparison of TP4,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TCP and XTP—Part 1: Connection Management Mecha-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nisms (*),” vol. 3FN 5, SeprOct. 1992, pp. 1712.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Baker, Rusti et a1., “Multimedia Processing Model for a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Distributed Multimedia [/0 System*,” Network and Oper-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ating System Support for Digital Audio and Video, 1992, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`164—175.
`
`Bettati, R. et a1., “Connection Establishment for Multi—Party
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Real—Time Communication,” Network and Operating Sys-
`
`
`
`
`
`tems Support for Digital Audio and Video, 1995, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`240—250.
`
`Bharath—Kumar, Kadaba and Jaffe, Jeffrey M., “Routing to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multiple Destinations in Computer Networks,” 1993, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`343—351.
`
`Birchler, Barbara D. et a1., “Toward a general Theory of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Unicast—Based Multicast Communication*,” pp. 237—251.
`
`
`
`
`
`Birman, K.P. and Joseph, T.A., “On Communication Support
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Fault Tolerant Process Groups,” Network Working
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(jroup Request for Comments: 992, Nov. 1986, pp. 1—16.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Braden, Robert et al., “The Design of the RSVP Protocol,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RSVP Project: Final Report, May 27, 1993—Jun. 30, 1995,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 1—21.
`
`
`Brown, EF. et al., “A Continuous Presence Video Confer-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`encing System,” 1978, pp. 34.1.173414.
`
`
`
`
`
`Brown, T. et a1., “Packet Video for Heterogeneous Networks
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Using CU—SEEME,” Proceedings ICIP—96, Sep. 16—19,
`
`
`
`
`
`1996, pp. 9—12.
`
`
`
`Bubenik et al., “Multipoint Connection Management
`
`
`
`
`
`High Speed Networks,” 1991, pp. 59—68.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Casner, Stephen et a1., “N—Way Conferencing with Packet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Video,” The Third International Workshop on Packet Video,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Mar. 22—23, 1990, pp. 1—6.
`
`
`
`
`
`Chia, L.T. et al., “An Experimental Integrated W'orkstation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Teleconferencing,” Integrating Telecommunications and
`
`
`
`
`Information Technology on the Desktop, Mar. 1994, pp. 175.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Clark, David D. et a1., “Supporting Real—Time Applications
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`in an Integrated Services Packet Network: Architecture and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Mechanism,” 1992, pp. 14—26.
`
`
`
`
`Clark, William J., “Multipoint Multimedia Conferencing,”
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE Communications Magazine, May 1992, pp. 44—50.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`in
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Cohen, David M. and Heyman, Daniel P., “Performance
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Modeling of Video Teleconferencing in ATM Networks,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nology, vol. 3, No. 6, Dec. 1993, pp. 408—420.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Crowcroft, J. et a1., “Multimedia TeleConferencing over
`
`
`
`
`
`
`International Packet Switched Networks. RN/90/XX,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`Conference on Communications Software: Communications
`
`
`
`
`for Distributed Applications & Systems, Apr. 18—19, 1991,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 23—33.
`
`
`Deering, Stephen et al., “An Architecture for Wide—Area
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multicast Routing,” 1994, pp. 126—135.
`
`
`
`
`
`Deering, Stephen E., “Multicast Routing in Intemetworks
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and Extended LANs,” SIGCOMM ’88 Symposium Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`munications Architectures & Protocols, Aug. 16—19, 1988,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 55764.
`
`
`Deering, Stephen E. and Cheriton, David R., “Multicast
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Routing in Datagram Intemetworks and Extended LANs,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, May 1990, vol. 8,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No. 2, pp. 85—110.
`
`
`
`Dewan, Prasun and Choudhary, Rajiv, “A High—Level and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Flexible Framework for Implementing Multiuser User Inter—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`faces,” ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Oct.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1992, vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 345—380.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Draoli, M. et al., “Video Conferencing on a LAN/MAN
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Interconnected System: QoS Evaluation,” Proceedings of
`
`
`
`
`
`the Fourth International Conference on Computer Commu-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nications and Networks, Sep. 20—23, 1995, pp. 170—177.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Draoli, M. et a1., “Videoconferencing on a LAN/MAN
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Architecture: Service Evaluation and System Dimension-
`
`
`
`
`
`ing,” Communications Technology Proceedings, 1996, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2, pp. 6307633.
`
`
`
`Ensor, J. Robert et al., “The Rapport Multimedia Confer—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`encing System—A Software Overview,” 2"“ IEEE Confer-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ence on Computer Workstations, Mar. 7—10, 1988, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`52—58.
`
`Ferrari, Domenico et a1., “Network support for multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A discussion of the Tenet Approach,” Computer Networks
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and ISDN Systems, 1994, pp. 126771280.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fliesser, R.J. et al., “Design of a Multicast ATM Packet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Switch,” 1993 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`puter Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 779—783.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Han, Jefferson and Smith, Brian, “CUiSeeMe VR Immer—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sive Desktop Teleconferencing,” ACM Multimedia, 1996, 9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pages.
`
`Harju, Jarmo et al., “Quality and Performance of a Desktop
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Video Conferencing System in the Network of Intercon-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`nected LANs,” Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Local
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Networks, 1994, pp. 365—371.
`
`
`
`
`Heinrichs, Bernd and Jakobs, Kai, “OSI Communication
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Services Supporting CSCW Applications,” SIGDOC ’93,
`
`
`
`
`
`1993, pp. 107—115.
`
`
`
`Herzog, Shai et a1., “Sharing ‘Cost’ of Multicast Trees: An
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Axiomatie Analysis,” ACM SIGCOMM ’95 Conference,
`
`
`
`
`
`Aug. 1995, pp. 1—15.
`
`
`
`
`IIopper, Andy, “Pandora—an experimental system for mlll-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia applications,” Operating Systems Review, Apr.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1990, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 19—34.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Huang, Jau—Hsiung et al., “Design and Implementation of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Conference System on Broadcast Networks*,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`18th Conference on Local Computer Networks, 1993, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`337—341.
`
`Jia, Weija, “Implementation of a Reliable Multicast Proto-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`col,” Software~Practices & Experiences, Jul. 1997, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`813—849.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 4
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - EX. 1002, p. 4
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1002, p. 4
`
`Petitioner Valve - Ex. 1002, Page 4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 6,226,686 B1
`Page 5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Koerner, Eckhart, “Group Management for a Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collaboration Service,” Presented at EUNICE ’96 Summer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`School on Telecommunications Services, Sep. 23—27, 1996,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 1—11.
`
`
`Kohlert, Doug et al., “Implementing a Graphical Multi—user
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Interface Toolkit,” Software—Practice and Experience, Sep.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1993, vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 9817999.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Larsen, AB. and Brown, E.F., “‘Continuous Presence’
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Video Conferencing at 1.5—6Mb/sec,” pp. 391—398.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lanwers, J. Chris and Lantz, Keith A., “Collaboration
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Awareness
`in Support of Collaboration Transparency:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Requirements for the Next of Shared Window Systems,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`C111 ’90 Proceedings, Apr. 1990, pp. 303—311.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Leung, Wu—hon F. et al., “A Software Architecture for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Workstations Supporting Multimedia Conferencing in
`
`
`
`
`
`Packet Switching Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Areas in Communications, Apr. 1990, vol. 8, N0. 1, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`380—390.
`
`Li, L. et al., “Real—time Synchronization Control in Multi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`media Distributed Systems,” pp. 294—305.
`
`
`
`
`
`Li, S. et al., “VC collaborator: a mechanism for Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`conferencing support*,” Proceedings of SPIE, Oct. 1995,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 89—99.
`
`
`VIathy, L. and Bonaventure, 0., “The ACCOPI Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transport Service over ATM,” Proceedings of 2ndCOST237
`
`
`
`
`
`Workshop on Teleservices and Multimedia Communication,
`
`
`
`
`
`\Iov. 20—22, 1995, pp. 159—175.
`
`
`
`
`VIathy, L. et al., “A Group Communication Framework,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Broadband Islands ’94: Connecting with the End—user,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1994, pp. 167—178.
`
`
`
`Vlathy, L. et al., “Towards an Integrated Solution for Mul-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia Communications,” Rev. AIM, 1996, pp. 3—10.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VIathy, L . and Bonaventure, 0., “QoS Negotiation for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VIulticast Communications,” Multimedia Transport and
`
`
`
`
`
`Teleservices Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1994, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`199—218.
`
`VIcCanne, S. and Vetterli, M., “Joint Source/Channel Cod-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ing for Multicast Packet Video,” Proceedings of the Inter-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`national Conference on Image Processing, Oct. 23—26, 1995 ,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 25—28.
`
`
`VIitzel, Danny J. et al., “An Architectural Comparison of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ST—II and RSVP,” 10 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Vlitzel, Danny J. and Shenker, Scott, “Asymptotic Resource
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Consumption in Multicast Reservation Styles,” ACM SIG—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`COMM ’94 Conference, Aug. 1994, pp. 1—8.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Von, J., “Multicast Extensions to OSPF,” Network Working
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Group Request for Comments: 1584, Mar. 1994, 83 pages.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`\Iguyen, Mai—Huong et al., “MCMP: A Transport/Session
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Level Distributed Protocol for Desktop Conference Setup,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sep. 1996, vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 1404—1421.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`\Iichols, Kathleen M., “Network Performance of Packet
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Video on a Local Area Network,” IPCCC ’92, Apr. 1—3,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1992, pp. 06594J666.
`
`
`
`\Iicolaou, Cosmos, “An Architecture for RealiTime Multi—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`media Communications Systems,” IEEE Journal on
`
`
`
`
`
`Selected Area Communications, Apr. 1990, vol. 8, No. 1 , pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`391—400.
`
`Parsa, M. et al., “Scalable Internet Mult