S E V E N T H E D I T I O N
`
`)
`;ik
`
`I
`ELECTRONICS
`
`RUDOLF F.GRAF
`
`Newnes
`
`1
`
`EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ET AL.
`Exhibit 1004
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`"lO
`' I I
`
`I'M s
`
`%
`
`Newnes
`Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
`
`EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ET AL.
`Exhibit 1004
`
`

`

`:
`
`Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann.
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf
`
`A member of the Reed Elsevier Group.
`
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`CO
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`Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann
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`Ul®DAL ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees,
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`^200D
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`Modem dictionary of electronics / Rudolf F. Graf. —7th ed.,
`revised and updated.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-7506-9866-7 (alk. paper)
`1. Electronics — Dictionaries. I. Title
`TK7804.G67 1999
`621.38r03 — dc21
`
`99-17889
`CIP
`
`British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
`
`The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
`For information, please contact:
`Manager of Special Sales
`Butterworth-Heinemann
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`1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
`Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ET AL.
`Exhibit 1004
`
`

`

`1
`
`238
`age occurring in the hy.
`'n:i||
`>breviated OKG or ECX]
`-Recording and ihiernn.,,
`y of the heart. The yolu ^
`<ed up by surface electr
`"dtji
`illcd. and applied to a
`s'rip.
`aph—An instrument that
`
`-An electrochemical syste,,
`i cathode in metallic coin-,,!!
`yte. The anode and cathoJ
`lissimilar areas on the same
`jrioration—A process in
`lemical reactions produce an
`id
`in turn ultimate thermal
`:e—A device that operates
`deal principles, e.g., a lead-
`tran-
`ffused-collector
`valent -The weight of an
`or ion involved in a specified
`ring passage of a specified
`is a coulomb.
`tion transistor—A junc-
`Jtching an n-type germanium
`h jets of a salt solution such
`mtial—Also called electro-
`d derivative of the total elec-
`he system with respect to the
`stituent except that it includes
`chemical contributions to the
`
`}rdlng—A recording made
`;d current through a sensitized
`acts to the current and thereby
`
`ision — See electrochemical
`sducer—A device that uses
`re the input parameter, and the
`; electrical signal proportional
`
`e—Electric valve consisting
`solution or compound, across
`out flows more readily in one
`irection and in which the valve
`hemical changes.
`. That branch of science con-
`isformations of chemical and
`ludes electrolysis, electroplal-
`arge of batteries, etc. 2. The
`inversion of chemical energy
`roplating is an electrochernicfl
`play - A passive solid-state
`im a material whose ligl'1'
`mnged by an externally apph™
`ectrochromic materials do not
`range of the spectrum, so the)'
`When a moderate electric fiehj
`slops an absorption band in 1'1L'
`on a color that remains even
`moved and lasts from mil'11'®
`je can be reversed and Ihe dts-
`I state when ihe polarity of d'1'
`iply reversed.
`
`239
`electrocoagulation —The process of solidifying
`•sSue by means of a high-frequency electrical current,
`" lectrocution — Killing by means of an electric
`f
`-irttcnt.
`electrode — 1. In an electronic tube, the conducting
`•lenient that does one or more of the following: emits or
`^Hects electrons or ions, or controls their movement by
`'tieans of an electric field on it. 2. In semiconductors, the
`' ' en( that does one or more of the following: emits or
`Vllec's electrons or holes, or controls their movements by
`icans of an electric field on it. 3, In electroplating, the
`etal being plated. 4. A conductor by means of which
`a current passes into or out of a fluid or an organic
`material, such as human skin; often one terminal of a lead,
`jv metallic conductor such as in an electrolytic cell, in
`s;
`^v'liich conduction by electrons is changed to conduction
`,, ions or other charged particles. 6. A conductor, not
`necessarily metal, through which a cunetit enters or leaves
`an electrolytic cell, arc, furnace, vacuum tube, gaseous
`dischMge tube, or any conductor of the nonmetallic class.
`7 That pari of a semiconductor device providing the
`electrical contact between the specified region of the
`device and the lead to its terminal. 8. In a spark plug,
`the center rod passing through the insulator forms one
`electrode. The rod welded to the shell forms another. They
`ore referred to as the center and side electrodes. 9. A
`conducting element at whose surface electricity passes
`into another conducting medium.
`electrode admittance—The alternating compo­
`nent of the electrode current divided by that of die electrode
`voltage (all other electrode voltages maintained constant).
`electrode capacitance—The capacitance between
`one electrode and all die other elecUodes connected
`together.
`electrode characteristic—The relationship, usu­
`ally shown by a graph, between the electrode voltage and
`current, all other electrode voltages being maintained con­
`stant.
`electrode conductance-—The quotient of the in-
`phase component of the electrode alternating current
`divided by the elecirode alternating voltage, all other
`electrode voltages being maintained constant. This is a
`variational and not a total conductance.
`electrode current—Current passing into or out of
`an electrode.
`electrode dark current—Also called dark current.
`I, hi phototubes, the component of electrode current that
`Hows in the absence of ionizing radiation and optical
`photons, 2. The current that flows in a photodetector when
`there is no incident radiation on the detector,
`electrode dissipation—The power that an elec­
`trode dissipates as heat when bombarded by electrons
`and/or ions and radiation from nearby electrodes.
`electrode drop—The voltage chop produced in an
`electrode by its resistance.
`electrode impedance--The reciprocal of elec­
`trode admittance.
`electrode inverse current—Curreni through a
`lube electrode in die direction opposite to that lor which
`'he lube was designed.
`electrodeless discharge—A luminous discharge
`produced by means of a high-frequency electric field in a
`gas-filled glass lube that has no internal electrodes.
`electrodeless discharge
`tube—Abbreviated
`EDT. A device consisting of an airtight quartz tube that
`"olds the material to be analyzed. When a high-frequency
`electrostatic field, generated by microwaves, is applied to
`'he lube, it emits energy of a wavelength identical with
`'hat ol ihe contained material.
`electrodeposition — Also called electrolytic depo-
`sltlon. See alxo electroplating.
`
`electrocoagulation — electroencephalograph
`electrode potential — I. The in.sianlaneou.s vohage
`on an electrode. Its value is usually given with respect
`to the cathode of a vacuum tube. 2. The difference
`in potential between an electrode and the immediately
`adjacent electrolyte referred to some standard electrode
`potential as zero. 3. The potential in volts that an electrode
`has when immersed in an electrolyte, compared to the
`zero
`potential of a hydrogen electrode. The potential depends
`on the material of which the electrode is made.
`electrode reactance—The imaginary component
`of electrode impedance.
`electrode resistance —The reciprocal of elecirode
`conductance. It is the effective parallel resistance, not the
`real component of electrode impedance.
`electrodermography—The recording of the elec­
`trical resistance of the skin, which is a sensitive indicator
`of the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
`electrode voltage—The voltage between an elec­
`irode and the cathode or a specified point of a filamentary
`cathode. The terms grid voltage, anode voltage, plate volt­
`age, etc.. designate the voltage between these electrodes
`and the cathode. Unless otherwise stated, electrode volt­
`ages are measured at the available terminals.
`electrodialytic process—A process for producing
`fresh water by using a combination of electric current and
`two types of chemically treated membranes,
`electrodynamic—Pertaining to electric current,
`electricity in motion, and the actions and effects of
`magnetism smd induction.
`electrodynamic braking—A method of stopping
`a tape-deck motor gently by the application of a prede­
`termined voltage to the motors.
`electrodynamic instrument—An instniment that
`depends for its operation on the reaction between die
`current in one or more moving coils and the current in
`one or more fixed coils.
`electrodynamic machine-—Electric generator or
`motor in which the output load current is produced by
`magnetomotive currents generated in a rotating armature.
`electrodynamics— 1. The science dealing with the
`various phenomena of electricity in motion, including
`interactions of currents with each other, with their asso­
`ciated magnetic fields,
`aud with other magnetic fields,
`2. The study of the generation of electromagnetic power
`by radiation from high-euergy beams,
`electrodynamic speaker—A speaker consisting
`of an electromagnet called the field coil, through which a
`direct current flows.
`electrodynamometer—J. An
`for
`instrument
`detecting or measuring an electric current by determining
`the mechanical reactions between two parts of the same
`circuit. 2. A meter movement consisting of a rotatable
`(moving) wire coil suspended between two fixed (field)
`wire coils. The three coils can be connected in various
`configurations, so that rotation of the moving coil is pro­
`portional to applied ac or dc voltage or current, to power,
`power factor, etc.
`electroencephalogram—1. A waveform obtained
`by plotting brain voltages (available between two points
`on the scalp) against time. An electroencephalogram
`is not necessarily a periodic function, although it can
`beparticularly if flic patient is unconscious. These voltages
`are of extremely low level and require recording apparatus
`that displays excellent noise rejection. 2. The tracing of
`brain waves made by an electroencephalograph.
`electroencephalograph—Abbreviated EEG. An
`instrument for measuring and recording the rhythmically
`varying potentials produced by the brain by the use of
`electrodes applied to the scalp.
`
`EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ET AL.
`Exhibit 1004
`
`

`

`466
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`467
`mesh current— The currcni assumed to exist over
`all cross sections of a closed path In a network. It may
`be the total current in a branch included in the path, or a
`partial current that, when combined with the others, forms
`the total current,
`t
`message—• 1. Ah ordered selection of an agreed set
`of symbols for the purpose of coininunicaling information.
`2. The original modulating wave in a communication
`system. 3. An arbitrary amount of information whose
`beginning and end arc defined or implied. 4. One or more
`blocks of data that contain the total information to be
`transmitted. 5. A group of characters that have a meaning
`when taken together and that always are handled as a
`group.
`message center—Communication agency charged
`with the responsibility for acceptance, preparation for
`transmission, receipt, and delivery of messages,
`message circuit A long-distance telephone circuit
`used in providing regular long-distance or toll service to
`die general public, as opposed to a circuit used for private-
`line service.
`message exchange—A service used between a
`communications line and a computer to perform certain
`communications functions and free the computer for other
`tasks.
`message interpolation—Insertion of data between
`syllables or during speech pauses on a busy voice channel
`without noticeably affecting the voice transmission.
`message precedence—Designations employed to
`indicate the relative order in which a message of one
`precedence designation is handled with respect to all other
`precedence designations.
`message switching — I. The technique of data
`transmission in which data may be received, stored until
`the proper line is available, then retransmitted. No direct
`connection is set up between the originator of the data
`and its destination. 2. Routing messages between three
`or more locations by siore-and-forward techniques in a
`computer.
`message unit—I. A unit of measurement used in
`charging for local telephone messages, based on time and
`distance between the parties. 2. Call measurement for a
`call within a local service area for which charges are
`accrued.
`message-waiting lamp —A small lamp on a tele­
`phone set that can be lighted (or flashed)
`from the switch­
`board (or call waiting panel) to notify a hotel or motel
`guest that a message is being held for him or her.
`metadyne—British term for amplidyne. A direct-
`cturent machine used for voltage regulation or transfor­
`mation. It has more than two brushes for each pair of
`holes.
`metal —A material that has high electrical and ther­
`mal conductivity at normal temperatures.
`metal-base transistor—A transistor with a base
`of a thin metal film
`sandwiched between two n-type
`semiconductors, with the emitter doped more heavily than
`the base to give it a high electron-ciuTem-to-hole-current
`ratio.
`metal detector — Also called metal locator. An
`electronic device for detecting concealed metal objects.
`metal-etched mask — A mask formed by chemi­
`cally etching openings in a metal film or plate where it is
`not protected by photoresist or other chemically resistant
`material,
`metal film resistor—An electronic component in
`which the resistive element is an extremely thin layer of
`metal alloy vacuum-deposited on a substrate.
`metal foil capacitor—A capacitor in which the
`electrodes consist of metal foils separated by a dielectric
`consisting of plastic film or paper.
`
`mesh current — metallizing
`
`Melal Rim Resistance
`Element Deposited on
`Ceramic Mandrel
`
`Lead and Cap
`Assembly
`
`Laser Hellxed to Required
`Resistance Value
`
`Metal film resistor.
`
`metal gate — Refers to the use of aluminum as the
`gate conductor instead of silicon or refractory metals.
`metal haltde lamp —A discharge lamp in which
`die light is produced by the radiation from a mixture of
`metallic vapor (for example, mercury) and the products
`of the disassociation of halides (for example, halides of
`thallium, indium, or sodium),
`metal-insulator silicon—Set MIS.
`metallic circuit—A circuit in which the earth itself
`is not used as ground.
`metallic insulator—A shorted quarter-wave section
`of transmission line, which acts as an electrical insulator
`at the transmitted frequency.
`metallic noise—Weighted noise current in a metal­
`lic circuit at a given point when the circuit is terminated
`at that point in the nominal characteristic impedance of
`the circuit.
`metallic rectifier—A rectifier in which the asym­
`metrical
`junction between dissimilar solid conductors
`presents a high resistance to current flow
`in one direction
`and a low resistance
`in the opposite direction.
`metallic rectifier cell—An elementary rectifying
`device having only one positive electrode, negative elec­
`trode, and rectifying
`junction.
`metallic-rectifier stack—A single structure made
`up of one or more metallic rectifier cells.
`metallization — I. The deposition of a thin-film pat­
`tern of conductive material onto a substrate to provide
`interconnection of electronic components or to provide
`conductive contacts (pads) for interconnections. 2. A
`film pattern (single or multilayer) of conductive material
`deposited on a substrate to interconnect electronic compo­
`nents, or the metal film on the bonding area of a substrate
`that becomes a part of the bond and performs both electri­
`cal and mechanical functions. 3. The selective deposition
`of metal film on a substrate to form conductive intercon­
`nection between 1C elements and points for connections
`with the outside world.
`metallized capacitor—A capacitor that is made
`with dielecu ic film that has had metal vacuum-deposited
`on it. Tltis thin metallization restricts the maximum
`current capacity, but at the same time provides a very
`high volumetric efficiency and a unique self-healing
`property. Any internal arcover (which could be triggered
`by a transient voltage spike) will usually clear itself by
`vaporizing the deposited metal film in the immediate area,
`dms extending the arc path beyond the sustaining gap
`length limit. Foil capacitors cannot clear in this manner
`and may therefore sustain the arcovers and short out.
`metallized resistor—A fixed resistor
`in which die
`resistance element is a thin film of metal deposited on the
`surface of a glass or ceramic substrate.
`metallizing — Applying a thin coating of metal to
`a nonmctallic surface. This may be done by chemical
`
`EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ET AL.
`Exhibit 1004
`
`