DIUIONARY
`ELEURONKS
`
`i Q
`
`Rum. cm _
`
`Cree Ex. 1004
`
`Page 1
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
`
`Rudolf F. ,Graf
`
`Boston Oxford Auckland
`
`Newnes
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 2
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 2
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`

`

`
`
`Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Hcincmann.
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`Copyright © 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf ,& A member of the Reed Elsevier Group.
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`All rights reserved.
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`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
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`gxZDUII
` Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`_
`
`
`Modern dictionary of electronics / Rudolf F. Graf. —7th ed.,
`
`revised and updated.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0—7506—9866—7 (alk. paper)
`1. Electronics 7* Dictionaries. I. Title
`TK7804.G67
`1999
`621.381’03fidc21
`
`99—17889
`ClP
`
`
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` British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
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`
`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 3
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 3
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`
`
`233
`
`.
`age occurring in lite |
`tl‘tt'L‘t-‘lttlt'tl EKG or [trillintan
`_Rept1rt'lirtp and lain-h.
`r ol
`the heart, The {Drum
`and up by stlr‘facc eluli’llagu
`tired. and applied to "'L‘l‘tltts
`.
`I'Ip.
`aphiAn instrument
`that
`—An electrochemical
`“Ste
`' \
`lll.
`r cathode in met-alt
`a. cont;M
`yte. The anode utr
`ll Cathode
`lissimilar areas on
`lilo Sallie
`adoration—A proce.
`in
`temical reactions prom:s
`cc an
`rd
`to turn ultimate th
`6111131
`
`:e—A device that o
`rical principles, egg perm“
`a lead.
`
`ffused-collector
`
`lran
`
`variant 7 The weight of
`or too involved in a Specifigg
`.rtng passage of a SPeCified
`l5 :1 coulomb.
`
`:tron transistor— A junc-
`atc'hing an n—type germanium
`h Jets of a salt solution Slich
`
`tntiaI—Also called electro.
`tl derivative of the total elec-
`he system with respect to the
`stttuent except that it includes
`chemical contributions to the
`
`)rding —A recording made
`:d current through a sensitized
`acts to the current and thereby
`
`rsion #See electrochemical
`
`sducer #A device that uses
`re the input parameter. and the
`5 electrical signal proportional
`
`'e—Electric valve consisting
`solution or compound. across
`not Ilows more readily in one
`rrectiou and tn which the valve
`hernical changes.
`. That branch of science corr-
`tsl‘er‘rnations of chemical and
`hides electrolysis. L‘leCll’Olllll"
`arge of batteries. etc. 2. Til”
`unvcrsion ol‘ chemical ENC}?-
`rohlalirtg is an electroelrcnrrrtr
`d..5tult‘.
`soli
`play7 A passive.
`light-
`up a material whose
`ranged by an externally ultPl”Ll
`ectrochronric t'natcrials do "”1
`range of the spectnrrn. St)
`.
`_
`When a moderate electric l
`clops an absorption band In [ill
`on a color that remains l‘V‘ll
`moved and lasts from tnilll'i-Lih
`48 can he reversed and litt'-_l :5;
`| state when the polarity oi 1“
`tply reversed.
`
`:39
`coagulation —Tbc process of solidifying
`electro-
`bv 1“
`.
`.
`.
`.1.
`.
`EL.
`cans of a high-frequency electrical current.
`irocuiion-—-Ktl|inrt by means oi
`an electric
`tnfllec
`rutfcggtmdei |. In an electronic tube, the conducting
`.m that does one or more of the following. emits or
`"glib.” electrons or ions. or controls their movement by
`LEI-riot an electric lield on it. 2.
`in semiconductors. the
`Vina“ that does one or more ot' the following: emits or
`dorm.“ electrons or holes. or controls their movements by
`’0“ch l' an electric field on it. 3. ln electroplating. the
`_
`alcd.
`-'l. A conductor by means of which
`'“c‘dprpnr passes into or out of a fluid or an organic
`“Ur-pd such as human skin: often one terminal of a lead.
`"in: ”phallic conductor such as in an electrolytic cell.
`in
`hiltiCl‘ conduction by electrons is changed to conduction
`h
`imp; or other charged partrclcs. 6. A conductor. not
`£0.55”in metal. through which a current enters or leaves
`ctccttttll’llc cell. are. furnace. vacuum tube. gaseous
`“n
`no tube. or any conductor of the nonmetallic class.
`‘
`rt semiconductor device providing the
`Contact between the specified region ol‘
`the
`dcvicg and the lead to its tenttittal. .8' lit a spark plug.
`"1L. center rod passrng through the Insulator [units one
`The rod welded to the shell lorms another. They
`eleclrndci
`“re referred to as the center and side electrodes. 9. A
`conducting element at whose surface electricity passes
`into another conducting medium.
`electrode admittanceine alternating compo-
`nent of the electrode current divided by that of the electrode
`eragt: tall other electrode voltages maintained constant).
`electrode capacitance— The capacitance bet ween
`dc and all
`the other electrodes connected
`one clectro
`_
`together.
`electrode characterls’tlc—Tite relationship. usu-
`ally shown by a graph. between the electrode voltage and
`current. all other electrode voltages being maintained con-
`slant.
`electrode conductanceiThe quotient of the lite
`phase component. of
`the electrode- altcmatinp current
`divided by the electrode alternating voltage. all other
`electrode voltages being, maintained constant. This is a
`variational and not a total conductance.
`electrode current—Current passing into or out of
`an electrode,
`electrode dark current— Also called dark current.
`l. In photolubes. the component of electrode current that
`Elows
`in the absence of ionizing radiation and optical
`photons 2. The current tbal flows in a pitotodetector when
`there is no incident radiation on the detector.
`electrode dissipation —'l‘lte power that an elec-
`lt'mle dissipates as heat when bombarded by electrons
`tmdlor ions and radiation from nearby electrodes.
`electrode drop—The voltage drop produced in an
`clcellodc by its resistance.
`electrode impedance —'l‘hc reciprocal of clue-
`"F'tlt admittance.
`through a
`luifileflrode inverse- ourrent- —_C‘urrent
`tor which
`lltcii e ettrotlc rn-tlrc dn'eetron oppusrlc to that
`"he was clesrgncd.
`mtifiglfiflleless disch'argeiA luminous discharge
`llil-S-fillui It means of a lugh-lreoueney electric held in a
`Bier: glass tube that has no Internal electrodes.
`'
`Eitrr Arodeless discharge . tubes -Al}l}l‘c\ilttlecl
`link-1.1:fivdww.m“‘5'5“”3 ol an airtight cream. tube that
`“ism-rovi- Ftdtcrrai to be analyzed. When a lugll'rii'requcncy
`he “the" it. held. generatedhy I'lllCI'FJWilVBS: Is applrcd'lo
`that of Hitl'etnns energy nl a wavelength ldantC’al with
`elemfztaontamcd material.
`_
`“lliun S'r: Boosrtron—_Also called electrolytic depo-
`-
`|
`'8 also electroplating.
`
`electrocoagulation — electroencephalograph
`
`I. The instantaneous voltage
`electrode potential
`on an electrode. Its value is usually given with respect
`to the cathode iii"
`a vacuum tube. 2. The dill'crcnce
`in potential between an electrode and the.
`immediately
`adjacent electrolyte referred to some standard electrode
`potential as zero. 3. The potential in volts that an electrode
`bus when ittttucrscd in an electrolyte. compared to the. rertr
`potential of a hydrogen electrode. The potential depends
`on the material of which the electrode is made.
`electrode resonance—The imaginary component
`of electrode impedance.
`electrode resistance -— Tire reciprocal of electrode
`conductance. it is the cl'l‘ectrvc parallel resistance. not the
`real component of electrode impedance.
`electroderrnography 7The recording of the elec-
`
`trical res
`lance ol‘ the skin. which is a sensitive indicator
`of the at..ltvlty of the autonomic nervous system.
`electrode Voltage—lite voltage between an elec-
`trode and the cathode or a specified point of a filamentary
`cathode. The terms grid voltage. ornate- L-‘nltrt‘cc. plate rott-
`agc. ctc.. designate the voltage between these electrodes
`and the cathode. Unless otherwise stated. electrode volt-
`ages are measured at the available terminals.
`electrodialytic process- A process For producing
`fresh water by using. a combination of electric current and
`two types of chemically treated membranes.
`current,
`electrodynamic- -l’ertairriug
`to
`electric
`electricity in motion. and the actions and effects of
`magnetism and induction.
`electrodynam'rc braking, -A method of stopping
`a tnpe-declt motor gently by the application ol‘ a predca
`retrained voltage to the motors.
`electrodynamie instrument—An instrument that
`depends for its operation on the reaction between the
`current in one or more moving coils and the current in
`one or more titted coils.
`electrodynamic machine— --I-i|ec.tt‘it: generator or
`motor in which the otttpnt load current
`is produced by
`magnetomotive currents generated in tr rotating armature.
`electrodynamics— l. The science dealing with the
`various phenomena ol’ electricity in motion.
`including.
`interactions of currents with each other. with their asso-
`ciated magnetic fields. arid with other magnetic fields.
`2. The study of the generation ol' electromagnetic power
`by radiation from high-energy beams.
`electrodynamic speaker—n speaker consisting
`of an electromagnct called the field coil. through which a
`direct current (lows.
`for
`instrument
`otectroclynamometer—r l. An
`detecting or measuring an electric current by determining
`the mechanical reactions between two parts of the same
`circuit. 2. A meter movement consisting of a rotatable
`(moving) wire coil suspended between two titted tlield‘r
`wire coils. The three coils can be connected in various
`ct'tltligtrralions, so that rotation of the moving coil is pro-
`portional to applied no or dc voltage or current. to power.
`power factor. etc.
`electroencephalogrami l. A waveform obtained
`by plotting brain voltages (available. between two points
`on the scalp) against
`time. An electrocnceplnrlogrtnn
`is not necessarily a periodic function. although it can
`bcpnrticnlarly if the patient. is unconscious. These voltages
`are of extremely low level and require recording apparatus
`that displays excellent noise rejection. 2. The tracing of
`brain waves made by an etcctrot:nccphalograph.
`electroencephalograph-- —Abbreviated EEG. An
`instrument [’or measuring and recording the rhythmically
`varying potentials produced by the brain by the use of
`electrodes applied to the scalp.
`
`
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 4
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`

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`467
`
`mesh current— The current assumed to exist over
`all cross sections of a closet] path in a network. It may
`be the total current in a branch included in the path, or a
`partial current that. when combined with the others, forms
`the total current.
`
`message— i. Air ordered selection of an agreed set
`ofsymbols for the purpose ot'coi'nmunicating information.
`2. The original modulating wave in a communication
`system.
`.i. An arbitrary amount of information whose
`beginning and end are defined or implied. 4. One or more
`blocks of data that contain the total
`information to be
`transmitter]. 5. A group of characters that have a meaning
`when taken together and that always (he handled as a
`group.
`message center—L'onuunnication agency charged
`with the responsibility [or acceptance. preparation For
`transmission. receipt. and delivery of messages.
`message circuit - A long-distance telephone circuit
`used in providing regular lung-distance or tell service to
`the general public. as opposed to it circuit used lorprivatev
`line service.
`message exchange—A service used between a
`communications line and a computer to perform certain
`communications functions and free the computer for other
`tasks.
`message interpolation— Insertion of data between
`syllables or during speech pauses on a busy voice channel
`without noticeably al’l'ecting the voice transmission.
`message precedence 7 Designations employed to
`indicate the relative order in which a message of one
`precedence designation is handled with respect to all other
`precedence designations.
`message switching — I. The technique of data
`transmission in which data may be received, stored until
`the proper line is available, then retransmitted. No direct
`connection is set up between the originator of the data
`and its destination. 2. Routing messages hetwocn three
`or more locations by slore-and-forward techniques in a
`computer.
`message unit 7 l. A trnit of measurement used in
`charging for local telephone messages. based on time and
`distance between the parties. 2. Call measurement for a
`call within a local service. area for which charges are
`accrued.
`
`message-waiting lamp—A small lump on a tele-
`phone set that can be lighted (or flashed} from the switch-
`board [or call waiting panel) to notify a hotel or motel
`guest that a message is being held for him or her.
`metadyne—British term For amplidync. A direct-
`current machine used for voltage regulation or transfix-
`mation.
`[t has more than two brushes for each pair of
`holes.
`
`metal—A material that has high electrical and llierv
`mal conductivity at norn'ral temperatures.
`metal-base transistor --.r\
`transistor with a base
`til a
`thin metal
`film sandwiched between two rr--type
`semiconductors. with the emitter doped more heavily than
`the hose to give it a high elcclronicurreut-to-hole-currcnt
`ratio.
`
`locator, An
`metal detector —-Also called metal
`electronic dcvicc for detecting concealed metal objects.
`metal-etched maske A mask framed by chemi-
`cally etching openings in it metal film or plate where it is
`not protected by photorcsisl or other chemically resistant
`material.
`
`metal film resistor—An electronic component in
`which the resistive element is an extremely thin layer of
`metal alloy vacuum-deposited on a substrate.
`metal foil capacitor—A capacitor in which the
`electrodes consist ol‘ metal [oils separated by a dielectric
`consisting of plastic lilrn or paper.
`
`a nonmetallic surface. This may be done by chemical
`
`mesh current — metallizing
`j)
`
`Metal Film Resistance
`Element Deposited un
`Ceramic Mandrel
`
`7
`Lead and Cat)
`Assembly
`
`Laser Helixed to Required
`Resistance Value
`
`Metal film resistor.
`
`metal gate eiteters to the use ol‘ aluminum as the
`gate conductor instead of silicon or refractory metals.
`metal halide lamp —A discharge lamp in which
`the light
`is produced by the radiation from a mislure cl"
`metallic vapor (l'or example. mercury) and the products
`of the dis-' *socialion ol‘ halides {for example. halides of
`thallium. indium, or sodium}.
`metal-insulator silicon—See MIS,
`metallic circuitia circuit in which the earth ilscll
`is not used as ground.
`metallic insulator—A shorted quarter-wave section
`of transmission line, which acts as an electrical insulator
`at the transmitted frequency.
`metallic neise— Weighted noise current in a metal-
`lic circuit at
`it given point when the circuit is terminated
`at. that point in the nominal characteristic impedance of
`the circuit.
`
`metallic rectifier—A rectifier in which the asym—
`metrical
`junction between dissimilar solid conductors
`presents a high resistance to current lluw in one direction
`and a low resistance in the opposite direction.
`metallic rectifier cell, An elementary rcctil'ying
`device lit-wing. only one positive electrode. negative elec-
`trode, and rectifying junction.
`metallic-rectifier stack —A single Stt'thlltl'e made
`up of one or more metallic reolilier cells.
`metallization— l. The deposition of a thin-lilo) pat-
`tern of conductive material onto a substrate to provide
`interconnection of electronic components or to provide
`conductive contacts (pads)
`for
`interconnectiruis. 2. A
`lilm pattern {single or multilayer] ul‘ conductive material
`deposited on a substrate to interconnect electronic compo-
`nents. or the metal film on the. bonding area of a substrate
`that becomes a part of the bond and performs both electri-
`cal and mechanical functions. 3. The selective clriposition
`ol" metal film on a substrate to form conductive intercom
`nection hetwuert l(.' elements and points For connections
`with the outside world.
`is made
`metallized capacitor—A capacitor that
`with dielecuic him that has had metal vacuum—deposited
`on it. This
`thin metallization restricts the maximum
`current capacity. but at
`the some tithe provides a veryr
`high volumetric efficiency and a unique self-healing
`property. Any internal arcovcr (which could be triggered
`by n transient voltage spike) will usually clear itself by
`vaporizing the deposited metal film in the immediate area.
`thus extending the are path beyond the sustaining gap
`length limit. Foil capacitors cannot clear in this manner
`and may therefore sustain the arcovers and short out.
`metallized resistor —A fixed resistor in which the
`resistance element is a thin film ol‘ metal deposited on the
`surface of a glass or ceramic substrate.
`metallizlng—Applying a thin coating of metal
`
`to
`
`Cree Ex. 1004
`
`Page 5
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`Cree Ex. 1004
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`Page 5
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`