Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`
`In re Inter Partes Review of:
`U.S. Patent No. 7,489,786
`Issued: February 10, 2009
`Application No.: 10/316,961
`Filing Date: December 11, 2002
`
`For: Audio Device Integration System
`FILED VIA E2E
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`DECLARATION OF DR. JOHN M. STRAWN IN SUPPORT OF
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,489,786
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`Jaguar Land Rover
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`Page 001
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`F.
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`G.
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`H.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... i
`I.
`INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 8
`II.
`QUALIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 8
`III.
`SUMMARY OF MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED .......... 12
`IV. SUMMARY OF MY OPINIONS ................................................................. 15
`V. UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO
`OBVIOUSNESS ........................................................................................... 15
`VI. LEVEL OF SKILL IN THE ART AND PERSPECTIVE APPLIED
`IN THIS DECLARATION ........................................................................... 18
`VII. THE ’786 PATENT ...................................................................................... 19
`A. Overview ............................................................................................. 19
`B.
`Prosecution History Of The ʼ786 Patent............................................. 22
`VIII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................... 22
`A.
`“integration” / “integrating (all claims) .............................................. 22
`
`B.
`“car stereo” (all claims) ...................................................................... 23
`
`C.
`“interface” (all claims) ........................................................................ 24
`
`D.
`“formatted [control] command compatible with” / “formatted
`
`data compatible with” (claims 1, 57, 92 ) ........................................... 24
`“channeling audio signals” (independent claim 1) ............................. 33
`“portable” (independent claims 57 and 92) ........................................ 34
`“device presence signal” (independent claims 57, 86, 92) ................. 34
`“maintain … in an operational state” (independent claims 57,
`86, 92) ................................................................................................. 34
`“first pre-programmed means for generating a device presence
`signal” (independent claim 92) ........................................................... 35
`“first pre-programmed means for . . . transmitting the signal to
`the car stereo to maintain the car stereo in an operational
`state” (independent claim 92) ............................................................. 36
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`K.
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`L.
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`“means for remotely controlling the portable audio device
`using the car stereo by receiving a control command from the
`car stereo in a format incompatible with the portable audio
`device” (independent claim 92) .......................................................... 36
`“means for remotely controlling the portable audio device
`using the car stereo by … processing the control command
`into a formatted control command compatible with the
`portable audio device” (independent claim 92) .................................. 37
`“means for remotely controlling the portable audio device
`using the car stereo by … transmitting the formatted control
`command to the portable audio device for execution thereby”
`(independent claim 92) ....................................................................... 38
`“means for transmitting audio from the portable audio device
`to the car stereo” (independent claim 92) ........................................... 39
`IX. THE PRIOR ART AND OTHER BACKGROUND .................................... 40
`A.
`Prior Art Relied Upon For Obviousness Combinations ..................... 40
`
`1.
` Mufid (Ex. 1005) ...................................................................... 40
`2.
` MOST Specification (Ex. 1006) ............................................... 43
`B.
`Other Background ............................................................................... 48
`
`THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS OF THE ’786 PATENT ARE
`OBVIOUS ..................................................................................................... 51
`A.
` Overview of Challenged Claims ......................................................... 51
`B.
`Overview of the Combination ............................................................ 56
`
`1.
`The MOST Specification describes remotely
`controlling the after-market device by processing the
`received command from the car stereo into a format
`compatible with the after-market device. ................................. 60
`The MOST Specification describes receiving data from
`the after-market device for display by the car stereo by
`processing the received data from the after-market
`device into a format compatible with the car stereo. ............... 65
`The MOST Specification describes a device presence
`signal to maintain the car stereo in an operational state. ......... 69
`In view of the MOST Specification, a POSA would
`modify the Mufid system to connect an After-Market
`Device directly to the Microcontroller 86. ............................... 76
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`M.
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`N.
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`X.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`D.
`
`
`C.
` Motivation to Combine ....................................................................... 78
`1.
`Reasons for implementing remote control of the after-
`market device by processing the command received
`from the car stereo into a format compatible with the
`after-market device as described in the MOST
`Specification. ............................................................................ 80
`Reasons for receiving data from the after-market device
`for display by the car stereo by processing the received
`data from the after-market device into a format
`compatible with the car stereo as described by the
`MOST Specification. ................................................................ 84
`Reasons for implementing the device presence signal as
`described by the MOST Specification ..................................... 88
`Reasons for modifying the Mufid system to connect the
`After-Market Device directly to microcontroller 86. ............... 90
`Independent Claim 1 ........................................................................... 93
`1.
`1[a] Preamble: “An audio device integration system
`comprising:” ............................................................................. 97
`1[b] “a first connector electrically connectable to a car
`stereo” ..................................................................................... 104
`1[c] “a second connector electrically connectable to an
`after-market audio device external to the car stereo” ............. 108
`1[d] “a third connector electrically connectable to one
`or more auxiliary input sources external to the car
`stereo and the after-market audio device” .............................. 113
`1[e] “an interface connected between said first and
`second electrical connectors” ................................................. 116
`1[ei] “for channeling audio signals to the car stereo
`from the after-market audio device,” ..................................... 119
`1[eii] “said interface including a microcontroller in
`electrical communication with said first and second
`electrical connectors,” ............................................................ 123
`1[f] said microcontroller pre-programmed to execute: .......... 131
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`6.
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`7.
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`8.
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`9.
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`a.
`b.
`c.
`d.
`10.
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`a.
`b.
`c.
`11.
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`1[fi] “a first pre-programmed code portion for remotely
`controlling the after-market audio device using the car
`stereo by receiving a control command from the car
`stereo through said first connector in a format
`incompatible with the after-market audio device,
`processing the received control command into a
`formatted command compatible with the after-market
`audio device, and transmitting the formatted command
`to the after-market audio device through said second
`connector for execution by the after-market audio
`device;” ................................................................................... 131
`Remotely controlling .............................................................. 135
`Receiving ................................................................................ 143
`Processing ............................................................................... 149
`Transmitting ........................................................................... 153
`1[fii] “a second pre-programmed code portion for
`receiving data from the after-market audio device
`through said second connector in a format incompatible
`with the car stereo, processing the received data into
`formatted data compatible with the car stereo, and
`transmitting the formatted data to the car stereo through
`said first connector for display by the car stereo; and” .......... 159
`Receiving ................................................................................ 162
`Processing ............................................................................... 165
`Transmitting ........................................................................... 168
`1[fiii] “a third pre-programmed code portion for
`switching to one or more auxiliary input sources
`connected to said third electrical connector.” ........................ 170
`Independent Claim 57 ....................................................................... 174
`1.
`57[a] “An audio device integration system comprising:” ...... 174
`2.
`57[b] “a first electrical connector connectable to a car
`stereo;” .................................................................................... 174
`57[c] “a second electrical connector connectable to a
`portable MP3 player external to the car stereo” ..................... 175
`57[d] “an interface connected between said first and
`second electrical connectors” ................................................. 178
`57[di] “for transmitting audio from a portable MP3
`player to a car stereo,” ............................................................ 178
`
`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
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`6.
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`7.
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`8.
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`a.
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`b.
`9.
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`57[dii] said interface including a microcontroller in
`electrical communication with said first and second
`electrical connectors,” ............................................................ 179
`57[e] “said microcontroller pre-programmed to
`execute:” ................................................................................. 179
`57[e(i)] “a first pre-programmed code portion for
`generating a device presence signal and transmitting the
`signal to the car stereo to maintain the car stereo in an
`operational state; and” ............................................................ 179
`Device presence signal to maintain the car stereo in an
`operational state ...................................................................... 180
`Pre-programmed code portion ................................................ 190
`57[e(ii)] “a second pre-programmed code portion for
`remotely controlling the MP3 player using the car
`stereo by receiving a control command from the car
`stereo through said first electrical connector in a format
`incompatible with the MP3 player, processing the
`control command into a formatted control command
`compatible with the MP3 player, and transmitting the
`formatted control command to the MP3 player through
`said second electrical connector for execution by the
`MP3 player.”........................................................................... 192
`Independent Claim 86 ....................................................................... 193
`86[a] Preamble: “A device for integrating video information
`for use with a car stereo, comprising:” ................................... 193
`86[b] “a first electrical connector connectable to a car
`stereo;” .................................................................................... 194
`86[c] “a second electrical connector connectable to an
`after-market video device external to the car stereo;” ........... 194
`86[d] “an interface connected between said first and
`second electrical connectors for transmitting video
`information from the after-market video device to the
`car stereo, the interface including a microcontroller in
`electrical communication with said first and second
`electrical connectors,” ............................................................ 197
`86[e] “said microcontroller pre-programmed to
`execute:” ................................................................................. 200
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
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`a.
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`86[e(i)] “a first pre-programmed code portion for
`generating a device presence signal and transmitting the
`signal to the car stereo through said first electrical
`connector .” ............................................................................. 200
`Independent Claim 92 ....................................................................... 201
`1.
`92[a] “An audio device integration system comprising:” ...... 201
`2.
`92[b] “a car stereo;” ............................................................... 202
`3.
`92[c] “a portable audio device external to the car
`stereo;” .................................................................................... 202
`92[d] “an interface connected between the car stereo
`and the portable audio device,“ .............................................. 202
`92[e] “the interface including a microcontroller pre-
`programmed to execute:” ....................................................... 203
`92[e(i)] “first pre-programmed means for generating a
`device presence signal “ ......................................................... 203
`92[e(i)] “first pre-programmed means for …
`transmitting the signal to the car stereo to maintain the
`car stereo in an operational state;” ......................................... 206
`92[e(ii)] “second pre-programmed means for remotely
`controlling the portable audio device using the car
`stereo by receiving a control command from the car
`stereo in a format incompatible with the portable audio
`device” .................................................................................... 207
`92[e(ii)] “second pre-programmed means for remotely
`controlling the portable audio device using the car
`stereo by … processing the control command into a
`formatted control command compatible with the
`portable audio device” ............................................................ 210
`92[e(ii)] “second pre-programmed means for remotely
`controlling the portable audio device using the car
`stereo by … transmitting the formatted control
`command to the portable audio device for execution
`thereby; and” .......................................................................... 211
`92[e(iii)] “means for transmitting audio from the
`portable audio device to the car stereo.” ................................ 213
`Car Stereo Dependent Claims (2 and 58) ......................................... 214
`Audio Device Dependent Claims (4 and 94) .................................... 215
`Plug-and-Play/USB Dependent Claims (5, 23, 24, 64, 65, 88,
`89, 97, 98) ......................................................................................... 219
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`4.
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`5.
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`6.
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`7.
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`8.
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`9.
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`10.
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`11.
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`Claim 5 ................................................................................... 219
`1.
`Claims 23, 64, 88, 97 .............................................................. 222
`2.
`Claims 24, 65, 89, 98 .............................................................. 224
`3.
`K.
` Device Presence Signal Dependent Claim (6) .................................. 232
`L.
` Microcontroller Dependent Claims (60, 90, 91) .............................. 233
`1.
`Claim 60 ................................................................................. 233
`2.
`Claim 90 ................................................................................. 235
`3.
`Claim 91 ................................................................................. 237
`Processing Dependent Claims (7-10, 61, 62) ................................... 239
`1.
`Claim 7 ................................................................................... 239
`2.
`Claim 8 ................................................................................... 241
`3.
`Claim 9 ................................................................................... 243
`4.
`Claim 10 ................................................................................. 246
`5.
`Claim 61 ................................................................................. 248
`6.
`Claim 62 ................................................................................. 250
`N.
` Display Dependent Claims (11, 12) ................................................. 253
`1.
`Claim 11 ................................................................................. 253
`2.
`Claim 12 ................................................................................. 255
`Input Dependent Claims (13, 14, 63) ............................................... 256
`3.
`Claim 13 and 63 ..................................................................... 256
`4.
`Claim 14 ................................................................................. 258
`XI. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 259
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`I.
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.
`I have been retained by Jaguar Land Rover North America, LLC and
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`Jaguar Land Rover Ltd. (“Jaguar Land Rover”) to provide my opinion concerning
`
`the validity of certain claims of U.S. Patent No. 7,489,786 (attached to the
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`accompanying Petition as Ex. 1001 and referred to herein as “the ’786 patent”).
`
`2.
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`
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`In particular, I have been asked to review and provide my opinion on
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`the validity of claims 1, 2, 4-14, 23, 24, 57, 58, 60-65, 86, 88-92, 94, 97, and 98.
`
`3.
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`
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`I am being compensated at my standard consulting rate of $450 per
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`hour for my services. My compensation does not depend on the outcome of this
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`review proceeding or of any pending litigation.
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`II. QUALIFICATIONS
`
`4.
`I am currently an independent consultant working under the aegis of
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`my corporation S Systems Inc. My curriculum vitae, which includes a more
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`detailed summary of my background, experience, and publications, is attached
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`to the accompanying Petition as Ex. 1004.
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`5.
`
` My formal education includes a Bachelor's degree from Oberlin
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`College in 1973. As a Fulbright scholar in Berlin, I attended lectures and
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`seminars in German at the Free University and Technical University Berlin from
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`1973-1975. I earned a Ph.D. degree from Stanford in 1985, with my doctoral
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`dissertation focusing on signal processing for analyzing digital audio. As part of
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`that work, I implemented audio recording and playback in real time on networked
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`mainframe computers using, for example, specially formatted hard disks that
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`operated in a drive the size of a washing machine, long before the compact disc
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`was invented. As part of my dissertation work I became familiar with the design
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`of interfaces between digital devices including audio devices.
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`6.
`
` With regard to the subject matter of this proceeding, I have
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`extensive experience relating to audio and media reproduction. I have studied and
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`worked with analog and digital audio hardware, television technology, computer
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`architecture, processor architecture, high-level language programming, assembly
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`language programming, digital signal processing, compression (especially audio
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`but also data, image, and video), networking, digital buses, user interface design,
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`and user interface implementation.
`
`7.
`
`
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`In addition, I have over 45 years involvement in software, digital
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`media, digital signal processing, networking, and processor architecture. Working
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`in those areas, I have been an employee, a manager of a team of other Ph.D.s, and
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`an independent software consultant in signal processing specializing in high-level
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`languages and assembly language. My specialties have included compression and
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`decompression of media, streaming media, the Fourier transform, and the discrete
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`cosine transform used in audio compression, JPEG, and MPEG video.
`
`9
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`Implementing real-time streaming media has been the backbone of many of my
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`consulting projects, such as for DTS or Verance.
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`8.
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`
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`Throughout my career, I have received a variety of awards including
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`the Fulbright scholarship mentioned above and a grant from the IBM Thomas
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`Watson Foundation to work in Europe and Japan. I was named Fellow of the
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`Audio Engineering Society.
`
`9.
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`
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`In the Audio Engineering Society, I have held various positions
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`including chair of international conventions [Ex. 1004, p. 16] in the years 2004,
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`2006, and 2008; and technical papers chair in 1992 and again 2002. I ensured
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`that automotive audio played a role at such conventions, with technical papers in
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`the program, and demonstration automobiles on the exhibit floor. For example,
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`the 2004 Audio Engineering Society convention1 which I chaired featured a
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`papers session on Automotive Audio2 and a workshop on subjective evaluation
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`methods for multichannel automotive sound systems3 with participants from
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`Harman/Becker Automotive Systems, Volvo, Panasonic, and THX/Lucasfilm.
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`The AES maintains a Technical Committee on Automotive Audio which met at
`
`
`1 http://www.aes.org/events/117/
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`2 http://www.aes.org/events/117/papers/Q.cfm
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`3 http://www.aes.org/events/117/workshops/
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`the convention and discussed, among other topics, MOST2 and voice
`
`recognition.4 Exhibitors5 included Harman / Becker Automotive Systems.
`
` During the time period 2000-2003, I was active not only as a
`10.
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`convention chair but also as an audio and signal processing consultant. The
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`signal processing chip which I helped Analog Devices redesign in 2002 [Ex.
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`1004, p. 12] is used extensively by one of the major manufacturers of automobile
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`audio equipment.
`
`
`11.
`
`I have been asked to provide my technical opinions regarding the
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`understanding of a person of ordinary skill in the art (discussed below) as it
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`relates to the ’786 patent and other reference documents.
`
`
`12.
`
`I have also been asked to provide my technical opinions on concepts
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`discussed in the ’786 patent and other reference documents, as well as my
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`technical opinions on how these concepts relate to certain claims of the ’786
`
`patent in the context of the specification.
`
`
`13.
`
`In reaching the opinions stated herein, I have considered the ’786
`
`patent, its prosecution history, and the references listed in Section III (Summary
`
`of Materials Reviewed and Considered), and have also drawn as appropriate upon
`
`
`4 http://www.aes.org/technical/documentDownloads.cfm?docID=205
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`5 http://www.aes.org/events/117/exhibitors.cfm
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`11
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`my own education, training, research, knowledge, and personal and professional
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`experience.
`
`III. SUMMARY OF MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED
` All of the opinions contained in this declaration are based on the
`14.
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`documents I reviewed and my knowledge and professional judgment. In forming
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`the opinions expressed in this declaration, while drawing on my experience in the
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`field of electrical engineering and signal processing, I reviewed the following
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`documents:
`
`Description
`
`Ex.
`No.
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 7,489,786 (“’786 patent”)
`
`1002 File History for U.S. Patent No. 7,489,786
`
`1004 Curriculum Vitae of Dr. John M. Strawn
`
`1005 European Patent Application EP 1 068 997 A2 (“Mufid”)
`
`1006 Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) Specification – Version 2.1-
`00, MOST Cooperation (Feb. 2001) (“MOST Specification”)
`
`1007 Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) Specification Framework –
`Version 1.1-07, MOST Cooperation (1999) (“MOST Framework”)
`
`1008 Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) Specification of Physical
`Layer – Version 1.0-00, MOST Cooperation (Feb. 2001) (“MOST
`Physical Layer”)
`
`1009 Akram M. Mufid, Future Automotive Multimedia Subsystem
`Interconnect Technologies, SAE Paper 2000-01-C028 (2000)
`
`12
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
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`1011 Declaration of Dr. Wolfgang Bott regarding the MOST Specification
`
`1012 Declaration of Ingrid Hsieh-Yee
`
`1013 Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint For Patent Infringement, Case No.
`2:17-CV-00424-JRG, Blitzsafe Texas LLC v. Tata Motors Ltd.
`
`1014 MOST Technology Report
`
`1015
`
`Institution Decision, IPR2016-00422
`
`1016 Honda Joint Claim Construction Statement
`
`1017 Charles J. Murray, Automakers Pick MOST as High-Speed In-Car Bus,
`EE TIMES (Nov. 13, 2000)
`
`1018 Henry Muyshondt, "MOST - Media-oriented transport entertainment
`systems and information system infrastructures in cars" (4 December
`2002).
`
`1019 OS8104 Preliminary Product Data Sheet (Sep. 2000)
`
`1020 Convergence 2000 International Congress on Transportation Electronics
`– Main Page, www.convergence2000.org:80 (Jun. 15, 2000) available at
`https://web.archive.org/web/20000615131506/http:/www.convergence2
`000.org:80/ (last visited Jan. 26, 2018)
`
`1021 Convergence 2000 International Congress on Transportation Electronics
`- Technical Sessions, www.convergence2000.org:80/techsessions.html
`(Aug. 18, 2000), available at
`https://web.archive.org/web/20000818231705/http://www.convergence2
`000.org:80/techsessions.html (last visited Jan. 26, 2018)
`
`1022 U.S. Patent No. 6,771,568 (“Hochendoner”)
`
`1023 U.S. Patent No. 6,631,098 (“Chang”)
`
`1024 Guy Hart-Davis, et al., “MP3! I Didn’t Know You Could Do That . . .”
`Sybex (1999)
`
`1025 Peter Ekstrom and Fredrik Hoel, “Audio over Bluetooth and MOST,”
`Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, March 7,
`
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`Strawn Declaration in Support of
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`2002 (“Ekstrom”)
`
`1026 U.S. Patent No. 6,169,847 (“Mizoguchi”)
`
`1027 U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2003/0091325 A1 (“Estevez”)
`
`1029 EN 50067:1998 – Specification of the Radio Data System (RDS) for
`VHF/FM Sound Broadcasting in the Frequency Range from 87,5 to
`108,0 Mhz, CENELEC (Apr. 1, 1998)
`
`1030 Web Archive printouts
`
`
`In addition, I reviewed the Honda Joint Claim Construction Statement; Judge
`
`Payne’s order; Institution Decision, IPR2016-00421; Institution Decision,
`
`IPR2016-00422; Institution Decision, IPR2016-01448; Institution Decision,
`
`IPR2016-01477. I have also reviewed every document mentioned in this
`
`declaration.
`
` My opinions are additionally guided by my appreciation of how a
`15.
`
`person of ordinary skill in the art would have understood the claims of the ’786
`
`patent at the time of the alleged invention. I have been asked to assume that the
`
`relevant time is the 2002 timeframe. For purposes of whether the teachings
`
`render obvious the ’786 patent’s claims, I have been asked to assume the earliest
`
`priority date to be December 11, 2002. Accordingly, I will use the term “date of
`
`invention” or “relevant timeframe,” with this understanding.
`
`14
`
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`Jaguar Land Rover
`Exhibit 1003
`Page 015
`
`

`

`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
`
`IV. SUMMARY OF MY OPINIONS
`
`16.
`It is my opinion that claims 1, 2, 4-14, 23, 24, 57, 58, 60-65, 86, 88-
`
`92, 94, 97, and 98 of the ’786 patent are invalid based on at least the following
`
`grounds:
`
`Ground 1: Claims 1, 2, 4-14, 23, 24, 57, 58, 60-65, 86, 88-92, 94, 97, and
`98 are obvious under 35 U.S.C. §103(a) by Mufid (Ex. 1005) in view of
`the MOST Specification (Ex. 1006).
`
`
`17.
`
`In this declaration, I provide the basis and support for my opinions
`
`that each of these challenged claims is invalid based on these grounds.
`
`V. UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO
`OBVIOUSNESS
`
`18.
`I am not an attorney. My analysis and opinions are based on my
`
`expertise in this technical field, as well as the instructions for the legal standards
`
`relating to validity provided by counsel.
`
`
`19.
`
`I understand that a prior art reference can render a patent claim
`
`obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art if the differences between the subject
`
`matter set forth in the patent claim and the prior art are such that the subject
`
`matter of the claim would have been obvious at the time the claimed invention
`
`was made. In analyzing obviousness, I understand that it is important to consider
`
`the scope of the claims, the level of skill in the relevant art, the scope and content
`
`15
`
`
`Jaguar Land Rover
`Exhibit 1003
`Page 016
`
`

`

`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of USP 7,489,786
`
`
`of the prior art, the differences between the prior art and the claims, and any
`
`secondary considerations.
`
`
`20.
`
`I understand that when the claimed subject matter involves
`
`combining pre-existing elements to yield no more than one would expect from
`
`such an arrangement, the combination is obvious. I also understand that in
`
`assessing whether a claim is obvious one must consider whether the claimed
`
`improvement is more than the predictable use of prior art elements according to
`
`their established functions. I understand that there need not be a precise teaching
`
`in the prior art directed to the specific subject matter of a claim because one can
`
`take account of the inferences and creative steps that a person of ordinary skill in
`
`the art would employ. I further understand that a person of ordinary skill is a
`
`person of ordinary creativity, not an automaton.
`
`
`21.
`
`I understand that obviousness cannot be based on the hindsight
`
`combination of components selectively culled from the prior art. I understand
`
`that in an obviousness analysis, neither the motivation nor the avowed purpose of
`
`the inventors controls the inquiry. Any need or problem known in the field at the
`
`time of the invention and addressed by the patent can provide a reason for
`
`combining elements. For example, I understand that it is important to consider
`
`whether there existed at the time of the invention a known problem for which
`
`there was an obvious solution encompassed by the patent’s claims. I understand
`
`16
`
`
`Jaguar Land Rover
`Exhibit 1003
`Page 017
`
`

`

`Strawn Declaration in Support of
`Petition for Inter Partes R