350-454
`
`SR
`
`OR
`
`3t388,956
`
`~\:}\l\vn l\VVI
`
`June 18, 1968
`3,388,956
`J. EGGERT ET AL
`PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEPHOTO LENSES OF HIGH TELEPHOTO POWER
`
`Filed April 9, 1964
`
`4 Sheets-Sheet l
`
`~ -S§S§§SSSSSS
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`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 1 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`June 18, 1968
`3,388,956
`J. EGGERT ETAL
`PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEPHOTO LENSES OF HIGH TELEPHOTO POWER
`
`Filed April 9, 1964
`
`4 Sheets-Sheet 2
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`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 2 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`June 18, 1968
`3,388,956
`J. EGGERT ET AL
`PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEPHOTO LENSES OF HIGH TELEPHOTO POWER
`
`Filed April 9, 1964
`
`4 Sheets-Sheet 3
`
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`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 3 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`June 18, 1968
`3,388,956
`J. EGGERT ET Al.
`PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEPHOTO LENSES OF HIGH TELEPHOTO POWER
`
`Filed April 9, 1964
`
`4 Sheets-Sheet 4
`
`ll.~
`
`I
`
`I
`
`~~
`~-~
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`~!
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`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 4 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`United States Patent Office
`
`.3_.]88_,956
`Patented. June 18, 1968
`
`1
`
`3,388,956
`PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEPHOTO LENSES OF
`HIGH TELEPHOTO POWER
`Joachim Eggert, Ernst Tronnier, and Fritz Ueberhagen,
`Braunschweig, Germany, assignors to Voigtlander A.G.,
`Braunschweig, Germany, a corporation of Germany
`Filed Apr. 9, 1964, Ser. No. 358,426
`Claims priority, application Germany, Apr. 10, 1963,
`v 23,924
`13 Claims. (Cl. 350-176)
`
`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
`A telephoto lens for photographic purposes having a
`high telephoto power. The telephoto lens consists of a
`tele-posit.ive in front and a tele-negative facing the film and
`separated by a large air space. The tele-positive (A) con(cid:173)
`sists, proceeding sequentially from the longer conj?gate
`to the shorter conjugate, of a converging lens havmg a
`positive refractive power equal to from 1.5 to 3 times the
`equivalent refractive power cI> of the entire lens system,
`a firsi diverging lens following the converging lens, and a
`second diverging lens following the first diverging lens.
`The tele-negative (B) limits the air space and consists of
`a front element facing the object and having positive re(cid:173)
`fractive power, this front element being followed, toward
`the shorter conjugate, by a negative partial element of the
`tele-negative, The thickness of the air Jens between the
`tele-positive (A) and the tele-negative (B), me:isured
`along the optical axis, is from V:3 to % of the equivalent
`focal length of the entire lens system. The second diverg-
`ing lens (III) in the last position of the tele-positive (A)
`and the first converging lens element (IV) of the tele-nega(cid:173)
`tive (B) following the air space (a3 ) have refractive
`powers consisting of the sums of the refractive powers of
`their individual surfaces such that the sum of the refrac(cid:173)
`tive powers ( 'Pm+'PIV) is between % and% of the equiv(cid:173)
`alent refractive power cI>, and the two inner surfaces (Ra'
`and R 4 ) of the two elements (III and IV) limiting the air
`space (a3) have refractive powers (<p3'+'P4) such that the
`large air lens included between them has a converging re(cid:173)
`fractive power of from % to i92.p, The absolute value of
`the quotient of the refractive power ( 'PIV) of the converg(cid:173)
`ing lens (IV) on that side of the tele-negative (B) facing
`the image, divided by the refractive power (rpm) of the
`diverging lens (Ill) of the tele-positive (A) on the side
`facing the object is from 2.5 to 5 .0.
`
`This invention relates to a telephoto photographic lens
`with anastigmatic flattening of the image field and high
`telephoto power.
`The present invention is directed to an improvement on
`telephoto lenses of the type shown and described in Swiss
`Patent No. 327,354, In telephoto lenses, according to this
`Swiss patent, the tele-positive facing the longer conjugate
`consists of a converging lens and two diverging lenses fol(cid:173)
`lowing the converging lens in the direction toward the
`image. This design of telephoto lenses is particularly suit(cid:173)
`able for greater relative apertures, as it provides for keep(cid:173)
`ing the zonal aberration errors of the widely diverging
`light rays at a small value.
`In accordance with the present invention, the improve(cid:173)
`ment on the lens of this Swiss patent provides a further
`increase in the telephoto effect and of the relative aper-
`
`15
`
`20
`
`2
`ture well beyond the lirnitatioru; of the original design, and
`this is achieved simultaneously with reduction of the zonal
`aberration error!' in, and particularly outside of, the op(cid:173)
`tical axis. The invention further provides an objective with
`5 very long focal length which can nevertheless be attached
`to cameras in which the shutter is comparatively close to
`the image plane. In order to make this possible, the objec.,
`tive must, as is known to those skilled in the art, have a
`very high telephoto power for reasons associated with the
`10 camera mechanism. Advantage can be taken of this effect
`only if it is assured that deviations, arising in the recom(cid:173)
`bination of the image in the axis and outside of the axis,
`can be kept so small that the image quality is not im(cid:173)
`paired.
`In accordance with the present invention, the known
`difficulties hitherto encountered in attempts to obtain,
`simultaneously, a high telephoto power and very small
`residual aberrations are overcome without an undesirable
`increase in the cost of the component parts of the lens.
`More particularly, the present invention is directed to
`a novel distribution of the refractive powers of lenses
`limiting or defining a large air space between the teleposi··
`tive in the front of the lens and the tele-negative in the
`rear thereof. The air lens formed by this air space, and
`25 usually having the diaphragm positioned therein, is defined
`by the two solid transparent lenses which limit it, in such a
`way that the second diverging lens (III), which is in the
`last position of the tele-positive, and the first converging
`lens (IV) of the tele-negative, which follmvs the large air
`30 space and faces the object, are designed with surfaces of
`such refractive powers that the sum of the refractive
`powers of the glass-air interfaces of these two inner lenses
`(III and IV), which limit the air space or air lens, is larger
`than % of the equivalent refractive power cI> without how-
`33 ever exceeding o/:_,.P. The two inner surfaces (R3 ' and~)
`directly enclosing the large air space are, at the same time,
`provided with a refractive power such that the air lens
`formed thereby has a strongly positive refractive power
`which is greater than %.P, without however exceeding a
`40 value of l%cJ>, with <I> again being the equivalent refractive
`power of the lens system.
`Due to this principle of design, the lens of the present
`invention differs radically from those suggested by the
`prior art, in which an effort was made to give the large
`45 air space only a relatively weak positive refractive power,
`or even a strong negative refractive power, in order to re(cid:173)
`duce, if possible, the under-correction effects which are
`always an attribute of positive refractive powers. This de(cid:173)
`sign principle, which has hitherto seemed to be necessary
`50 in telephoto lenses can, in accordance with the present
`invention, be ignored if a three-element tele-positive with
`two diverging lenses is used. It is this step which provides
`the novel ·and surprising advance in the art over the ob(cid:173)
`jective according to the above-mentioned Swiss Patent
`55 No. 327,354.
`In further accordance with the invention, another ad(cid:173)
`vantage, in addition to the advantages just mentioned, can
`be obtained by extending the above-mentioned design
`principle. Thus, it is possible, in accordance with the pres-
`60 ent invention, to increase the lateral recombination of the
`image in the marginal areas of the image for high power
`objectives with a telephoto effect of 5.0 or more, and to
`a very great extent. This has hitherto been impossible to
`achieve. In the present invention, this desirable result is
`65 obtained by matching the refractive power of the first lens
`(IV) of the tele-negative, which borders the air space on
`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 5 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`3
`the side facing the image, and the refractive power of
`the negative lens (Ill), which borders the air space on the
`side facing the object, and in such a manner that the ab(cid:173)
`solute value of the ratio of the sum of the refractive
`powers of the glass-air interfaces of the lens (IV), facing 5
`the image, to the sum of the refractive powers of the
`negative lens (III), which limits the air space toward the
`second conjugate and which is in the second position, is
`greater than 2.5 but does not exceed 5.0.
`In known tele-anastigmatics lenses with a telephoto 10
`effect of approximately between 2.5 and 4.0, there has
`been an air lens in the tele-positive between the two
`diverging lenses which follow a converging lens, and the
`intrinsic refractive power of such air Jens has been be(cid:173)
`tween +0.5cf> and -0.5cf>. This has led to a substantial 15
`elimination of spherical aberration and to a satisfactory
`fulfillment of the sinus-condition.
`In accordance with the present invention, it has been
`found that an additional and more precise eliminc.tion of
`the intermediate coma aberration in the lateral image 20
`field can be obtained by going beyond the limits previ(cid:173)
`ously used and inserting, between the two negative lenses
`(II and III) of the tele-positive, a dispersing air lens with
`an intrinsic refractive power between 0.436 and -1.0<I>.
`As contrasted to known lenses of. this general design, the 25
`lenses of the pre~ent invention can be built with focal
`lengths of 180 mm. to over 200 mm. and still be mounted
`in miniature cameras, The older telephoto lens, men(cid:173)
`tioned above and having a relative aperture of approxi(cid:173)
`mately 4.5 to 4.7, can be used only with focal lengths up 30
`to approximately 150 mm. or 165 mm., as they are other(cid:173)
`wise difficult to mount and as the aberration, which in(cid:173)
`creases with the focal length, does not permit a satisfac(cid:173)
`tory recombination of the image.
`The increase in aberration becomes particularly dis- 35
`turbing in telephoto lenses with long focal lengths because,
`due to the placement of the main shutter on the side
`toward the camera at a comparatively small distance from
`the plane of the film the angle formed by the leading rays
`on the side facing the image becomes very large. The 40
`result is that the locations .of the exit pupil and of the
`diaphragm are at the very end of the lens systems. There(cid:173)
`fore, the diaphragm is not located in the vicinity of the
`optical center of the entire objective, and cannot be moved
`to the point which is most favorable for image correc- 45
`tion. Rather, the positions of the diaphragm and of the
`exit pupils are determined by the mechanical design of
`the camera, which has nothing to do with the lens system
`per se. This makes it much more difficult to eliminate
`distortion of the image and to assure minimum inter- 50
`ference with the light rays and, therefore, a minimum of
`vignetting. In the present invention, these difficulties,
`which are well known to those skilled in the art, are
`overcome without having to make concessions with re-
`spect to the desired sharpness of the image.
`The outstanding advantages of the present invention
`are particularly apparent if a comparison is made of the
`recombination of the image for a point at the edge of the
`image, generated by a leading ray forming an angle of 6 °
`.on the side facing the object. In known telephoto lenses 60
`with high telephoto power, the longitudinal astigmatic
`difference in settings ranges from 3 per thousand and 3 %
`of the focal length of the objective. However, even a
`comparatively simple objective of the present invention
`has an astigmatic difference in settings of 56.8387 µ. (mi- 65
`cromillimeters) for an objective with a focal length of
`f= 100 mm. This difference is thus less than 0.6 per
`thousand of the equivalent focal length.
`For an understanding of the principles of the present
`invention, reference is made to the following description 70
`of typical embodiments thereof as illustrated in the ac(cid:173)
`companying drawings. In the drawings:
`FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lens embodying the
`present invention, with the first element following the
`large air gap between the tele-positive and tele-negative 75
`
`55
`
`4
`in the direction of travei of the light rays consisting, as
`one possible d~sign, of two adjt;ining lenses: and
`FIGS. 2 through 6 are views similar to FIG. 1 and
`illustrating other embodiments of the invention corre ..
`sponding to numeri~al examples given hereinafter and
`drawn to the scale of 2: 1
`In the drawings. the symbols correspond to those used
`in the following numericai tables, with A being the tele(cid:173)
`positive, B the tele-negative, I through V the elements of
`the lenses, R the radii of curvature, d the axial thicknesses
`of the individual lenses, and a the axial distances between
`lenses, with the thicknesses of. and the distances between,
`lenses being measured along the optical axis of the ob(cid:173)
`jective. The glasses used are characterized by their re(cid:173)
`flective indices nd for the yellow line of the helium
`spectrum, with the color dispersion being characterized
`by the Abbe number. All of the elements are numbered
`consecutively from the side of the longer conjugate to the
`side of the shorter conjugate. The lens surfaces facing
`the ob.iect are given reference symbols such as Ri. R2,
`Rs, etc., and those .lens surfaces facing the image have
`been given references such as R1', R2', Rs', etc. The dia(cid:173)
`phragm is indicated at B, and F indicates the image plane
`of film placed in the camera. s' is the intercept lens of
`the objective, for example, the axial distance from the
`apex of the last lens (V) to the plane F of the image.
`While all of the reference symbols shown in FIG. 1 are
`not necessarily shown again in FIGS. 2 through 6, they
`apply to the examples of FIGS. 2 through 6 in the same
`manner as they apply to FIG. 1.
`In those cases where element IV is divided, as in FIGS.
`1, 3, 4 and 6, that one of the pair of adjoining surfaces
`which faces the object is indicated by RN, and that which
`faces the image is indicated by RN'. aN is the air gap be(cid:173)
`tween these two lenses, and drv1 and d1y., indicate the
`thicknesses of the lenses. In the same manner as element
`IV, any of the other elements I through V can, in the
`present objective, be designed as a single lens or as a
`compound element. This may be effected, for example,
`by the provision of an internal pair of adjoining surfaces
`as, for example, RN and R1/
`in FIG 1, which are de(cid:173)
`signed as cemented surfaces or which can enclose an air
`lens between them.
`If element IV is designed as such a doublet, the lens
`facing the object can be made either with a positive or
`with a negative refractive sign. Also, in a borderline case,
`it can be made with a vonHoegh null-meniscus, with
`these variations in the design of the parts of the positive
`element IV falling within the scope of the invention. This
`is also shown in the following numberical example, in
`which this element has the following external shape:
`0.150/ < R4 < 0.500/
`0.125f < RN < 0.750/
`0.250/ < R/ < 2.500/
`In this case, R~ is the outside radius facing the object,
`and R/ is the outside radius facing the image, of the
`element IV. The pair of adjoining surfaces which may
`be intermediate these surfaces is characterized by R,,-,
`or by RN, RN'. The equivalent focal length of the lens
`system is f.
`If element IV consists of two lenses, the second lens
`can be designed either with positive or negative refrac(cid:173)
`tive power, with the particular shape selected falling
`within the scope of the invention as long as the shape is
`within the limits set forth above. The composition of
`element IV thus permits the attainment of excellent car·
`rection of the lens system with a minimum of expense
`for instance for color photography. Because of the close(cid:173)
`ness to the diaphragm, only lenses having very small
`diameters can be utilized at this point, and the individual
`elements can be made very small, whereas, in the front
`element, the diameter of the lenses is more than twice
`as large and the division of an element into two adjoin(cid:173)
`ing elements would result in very much higher cost.
`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 6 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`3,388,956
`
`6
`EXAMPLE 2 {FIG. 3)
`(a) TablP. of design parametP.rS
`
`5
`Five examples are given in the following numerical
`tables, in which all of the data refers to the unit of focal
`length f= 1.00, and all the objectives have relative aper(cid:173)
`tures 1 :4.0 and a telephoto effect of approximately 5.0.
`The refractive powers of the surfaces and of the lenses
`are set forth in subsidiary tables from which the refrac(cid:173)
`tive powers in accordance with the invention can easily
`be obtained. The total refractive power of the system is
`called cf> in the examples. 'Ph rp1', 'Pa, rp 2', rp3, 'Pa' are the
`refractive powers of the lens surfaces defined for each
`surface therein by each refractive-index-difference with
`respect to the medium air and by the radii Ri. R 1', Ra,
`Ra', Ra, Ra' and 'PI• 'Pm 'Pm are the refractive powers of
`the lenses, i.e., the arithmetic sums of the refractive pow(cid:173)
`ers of the surfaces of lenses I, II, III. The equivalent focal
`length of the entire system is called /.
`EXAMPLE 1 (FIG. 2)
`(a) Table of design parameters
`
`5
`
`10
`
`Rt= +o. 38589
`
`Rt'=-1.07109
`
`R2=-l.07109
`15 R2'=+118.1496
`R, = -1.35840
`
`R,'=-14.34764
`
`Ri=+0.23845
`20 RN=+0.22391
`. RN'=+0.22672
`
`R,'=+0.4M95
`
`Rs=-0.29283
`25 Rs'= +o. 75155
`
`[f=l.00
`
`Relative aperture, 1;4]
`
`dr=O. 06491
`
`nr=l. 62041
`
`I vx=60.29
`
`at =O (cemented)
`
`du=O. 01278
`
`as=O. 01974
`
`nn=l. 72151
`
`vx1=29.28
`
`air
`
`dm=0.01963
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`aa=0.50022
`
`air
`
`dtvt=0.02096
`
`n1v1=1.85820
`
`aN=0.00200
`
`air
`
`d1v2=0.01453
`
`n1v2=1.72372
`
`1 ·111=33. w
`
`nv2=23.4
`
`I ,,rn=38. 09
`
`a;=0.03935
`
`dv=0.00846
`
`air
`
`nv=l.65016
`
`•v=39.31
`
`[f=l.00
`
`Relative aperture, 1:41
`
`di=0.06676
`
`ni=l.64250
`
`n=58.09
`
`Rt= +0.42156
`
`Rt'= -0.88214
`
`R2=-0.88214
`
`R2' = -18.00073
`
`Ra= -1.37288
`
`R,' = -5.30649
`
`at=O (cemented)
`
`du.=0.01945
`
`a2=0.01183
`
`nu=l.72830
`
`>11=28.66
`
`tntercept lengths' =0.20370.
`
`Telephoto etTect: 4.9.
`
`air
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`>111=33.79
`
`30
`
`}a• =0.52203 air
`
`dm=0.01945
`a,v =0.40290
`diaphragm
`a,n=0.11913
`
`drv=0.02234
`
`a,=0.03859
`
`dv=0.00526
`
`R,=+0.34202
`
`R(=+I.17496
`
`R~= -0.31069
`
`Rs'=+0.69782
`
`niv=l.75787
`
`nv=31.56
`
`air
`
`nv=l.65016
`
`•v=39.31
`
`Intercep~ length a' =0.20324.
`
`Telephoto effect: 4.9.
`
`(b) Table of distribution of the refractive powers
`
`'Pr=+2.252#
`
`<pu=-0.7851cf>
`
`<pm=-0.3534cf>
`
`Large air space
`
`'P1=+1.5241cf>
`
`'Pl 1 =,+0.7283cf>
`
`<p2=-0.8256cf>
`
`li'2'=+0.0405cf>
`
`'Pa=-0.4767cf>
`
`'Pa'=,+0.1233cf>
`
`1"•=+2.2159.P
`
`<p5=-2.0926cf>
`
`rp5'=-0.9317cf>
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`(b) Table of distribution of the refractive powers
`
`'Pl=+ 1.6077.P
`
`'Pi' +=0.5792cJ>
`
`'!>2=-0.6736.P
`
`'P2'=·-0.006l<I>
`
`'Pa=-0.48184?
`
`'Pa'=+0.0456.P
`
`<p,=+3.5991<t>
`
`'PN=-3.8328ii>
`
`'PN'=+3.1921cf>
`
`rp4' =- L5908cI>
`
`1"1=+2.1869.P
`
`'Pu=-0.6797<I>
`
`'Pm=-0.4362<t>
`
`Large air space
`
`'Piv=+l.3676~
`
`<pxv=i+ 1.5709.P
`
`60
`
`ip5=-2.2203.P
`
`'Ps'=-0.8651<\?
`
`'Pv=-3.0854w
`
`(c) Range of design parameters
`
`The following relations
`apply to Example 1:
`'Pm+'Pxv= 1.2175.P
`'Pa' +rp4=2.339.P
`l'P~/'Pml=4.4451
`R4=0.342f
`R4'=1.175f
`
`and therefore is between:
`
`2/3<1> and 3/2.P
`3/2.P and 10/2.P
`2.5 and 5.0
`0.15f and 0.5/
`0.25f and 2.5f
`
`65
`
`70
`
`75
`
`(c) Range oj design parameters
`The Following relations
`and therefore is between;
`apply to Example 2:
`'Pm+'Pxv=0.9314.P
`'Pa'+rp,=3.645<I>
`l'Pxvl'Pml=3.142<P
`R.=0.238f
`RN=0.224f
`RN'=0.227/
`R~'=OA55/
`
`2/3.P and 3/2.P
`3/2<1> and 10/2<1>
`2.5 anci 5.0
`0.15f and 0.5f
`0.125f and 0.75/
`0.125/ and 0.75/
`0"25/ ancl 2.5/
`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 7 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`7
`EXAMPLE 3 (FIG. 4)
`(a) Table of desig11 parameters
`
`3,388,956
`
`[f=l.00
`
`Relative aperture, 1:4)
`
`nr=l.58784
`
`•1=68.19
`
`nu=l.69895
`
`•n=30.05
`
`air
`
`nm=l.65446
`air
`
`vm=33.i9
`
`n1v1=1.75520
`
`•1v1=27.53
`
`Ri=+0.36908
`R,' = -1.36852
`
`R,=-1.36852
`R,' = +~5.96305
`Ri=-1.1777.5
`R,' = -32.03058
`
`R;=+0.20316
`
`RN=+0.34197
`
`RNi=+0.34197
`Rl=0.38075
`
`Ro=-0.27715
`R{ = +0.84610
`
`dr=0.06652
`a1=0 (cemented)
`
`du=0.01267
`as=0.04250
`dm=0.01584
`a,=0.49416
`
`d1v1 =0.00898
`a1=0 (cemented)
`
`drv2=0.00792
`ao=0.06124
`dv=0.00924
`
`8
`EXAMPLE 4 (FIG. 5)
`(a) Table of design parameters
`ff= l.00
`Relative aperture, 1:4)
`
`dt=0.06625
`
`ni=l.62041
`
`•1=60.29
`
`a1 =0 (cemented)
`
`dn=0.01393
`ns=0.03260
`dm=0.01840
`a,=0,48557
`
`nn=l.72151
`air
`
`m=2'J.28
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`vm=33.7!1
`
`air
`
`nrv=l.72372
`sir
`
`nv=l.6.1016
`
`VIv=38.09
`
`•v=39.31
`
`Telephoto effect: 4.8.
`
`div=0.02261
`ai=0.06352
`I dv=o.0084
`I
`length a' =0.20777.
`
`5
`
`J(l
`
`15
`
`Ri=+0.38368
`Ri'=-1.12022
`
`Rs=-1.12022
`R,'=+18.00405
`R,=-1.M79n
`
`R,' = -18.83i97
`R;=+0.23572
`
`Ri'=+0.45151
`R,= -0.28257
`
`Ro' =+0.~5933
`
`Intercept
`
`20
`
`Intercept length a' =0.20310.
`
`Telephoto effect: 4.9.
`
`nt V2=1.62079
`air
`nv=l.65017
`
`VIV2=31.10
`
`(b) Table of distribution of the refractive powers
`
`•v=33.69
`
`'P1=+1.6170<I>
`
`25
`
`'1'1'=+0.5538<1!
`
`'1'2=-0.6441<1!
`
`'1'2'=-0.04014>
`
`3(l
`
`rpz=+2.1708<f!
`
`'Pu= -0.68424>
`
`(b) Table of distribution of the refractive powers
`
`rpz= + 2. 0222.P
`
`cp3=-0.4855<I>
`
`'1'3 = +0.00354>
`
`cp4=+3.0703<I>
`
`cp4' = -1.6029cf>
`
`3,5
`
`'Pm=-0.4820.P
`
`Large air space
`
`'Pzv= + l .4674cJ>
`
`rpy=-2.9786<I>
`
`'l'n=-0.5259<1>
`
`40
`
`cp5=-2.300%
`
`rp5'=-0.67774>
`
`'Pl=+ 1.5927.P
`
`'1'1' = +0.4295<,{>
`
`'1'2=-0.51074.i
`
`'1'2' =-0.01524>
`
`'1'3=-0.5557.P
`
`'1'3'=+0.02049?
`
`<p4=+3 .. 7173<I>
`
`'i'N=-2.20844>
`
`'PN'=+l.8153<!>
`
`cp/ =-1.6304<1>
`
`cp5=-2.3459<P
`
`cp5'=-0.768#
`
`'Pm=-0.5353.P
`
`Large air space
`
`'Prv=+l.6938.P
`
`cpy=-3.1143<!>
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`( c) Range of design parameters
`The following relations
`and therefore is between:
`apply to Example 4:
`2/3<I> and 3/24>
`'Pm+'Prv=-0.9854>
`3/2<1> and 10/24>
`'l's' +cp4=3.073.P
`2.5 and 5.0
`l'l'zv/cpml=3.044<I>
`0.15f and 0.5/
`R 4=0.236f
`0.25/ and 2.5f
`R4'=0.452/
`0.436<1> and 1.0<I>
`-rp82=0.525<I>
`EXAMPLE 5 (FIG. 6)
`(a) Table of design parameiers
`[f=l.00
`Relative aperture, 1:4]
`
`60
`
`Ri=+0.38711
`
`Ri'=-1.12833
`R,=-1.12833
`R,'=+14.40868
`
`R3=-l.33509
`R3' = -31.57490
`
`65
`
`R•=+0.23592
`RN=+0.23592
`RN'=+0.23592
`Rl=+0.46853
`R,=-0.27275
`
`R,'=+1.11156
`
`dr=0.06631
`a1=0 (cemented)
`dn=0.01263
`ai=0.03789
`dm=0.01579
`
`a3=0.49388
`drvi=0.00631
`a,=O (cemented}
`d1v2=0.0l578
`a5=0.05962
`dy=0.00579
`
`ni=l,62041
`
`n=60.29
`
`nu=l.72151
`air
`
`m=29.28
`
`nm= 1.65446
`
`VIn=33.79
`
`air
`
`1l!Vl =1.85820
`
`"1V!=23.40
`
`n1v2=1.72372
`Bir
`
`vxv2=38.09
`
`nv~l.65016
`
`''v=39.31
`
`Intercept length 3'=0,20433.
`
`Telephoto effect: 4.9.
`
`(c) Range of design parameters
`The following relations
`and therefore is between:
`apply ·to Example 3:
`
`'Pm+'Prv= 1.1584>
`cp3' +'1'!=3.73774'
`l'l'rv/ 'Pml=3.160<I>
`~=0.203/
`RN=0.342f
`R"N'=0.342/
`R4'=0.381/
`-cp82=05714>
`
`2/34> and 3/24>
`3/24> and 10/2cJ>
`2.5 and 5.0
`0.15/ and 0.5/
`0.125/ and 0.75/
`0.125f and 0.75f
`0.25f and 2.5/
`0.4364> and 1.04>
`
`70
`
`75
`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 8 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`9
`(b) Table of distribution of the refractive powers
`'P1=+1.6027<J?
`
`'P1=+2.1525<1>
`
`'Pi'= +0.5498<1>
`
`<p2=-0.6394<J>
`
`'P2'=-0.0501<I>
`
`!/)3=-0.4902-P
`
`cp3'=+0.0207<J?
`
`<p4= +3.6377<1?
`
`'PN=-3.6377.P
`
`'PN'=+3.0677<1>
`
`cp4'=-1.5447<I>
`
`cp5= -2.3837.P
`
`cp11= -0.68951>
`
`cp111= -0.4695<I>
`
`Large air space
`
`<prv= + 1.5230<f?
`
`<pv=-2.9686<1?
`
`cp5' = -0.5849<1>
`(c) Range of design parameters
`The following relations
`apply to Example 5:
`and therefore is between:
`2/34> and 3/2<1?
`'P111+'P1v= 1.054.P
`cp3' +<p4= 3.6594>
`3/24> and 10/2<1?
`2.5 and 5.0
`l'P1vl 'l'ml=3.248<f?
`R4=0.236f
`0.15/ and 0.5f
`RN=0.236f
`0.125/ and 0.75f
`RN'=0.236f
`0.125/ and 0.75f
`0.25f and 2.Sf
`~'=0.469f
`-<pa2=0.540<f?
`0.4364> and 1.04>
`Those skilled in the art will be able to deviate from the
`numerical examples given above and thus be able; within
`the scope of the invention, to develop other examples of
`telephoto lenses of the special type described above and
`having the advanced properties thereof, for special pur(cid:173)
`poses or applications if the principles of design ancl the
`mies disclosed herein are followed.
`The numerical data given above represent lens systems
`with a high degree of correction. If it is desired to use
`these examples in designing objectives embodying the in(cid:173)
`vention for special purposes, the design data may be
`varied as indicated in part in the range of Design Param(cid:173)
`eters in the examples, approximately within the following 50
`limits: The radii (R) may be varied up to ±20% of their
`length, the axial thicknesses (d) of the lenses and of the
`axial air spaces (a) between the lenses up to ±0.05 of
`the total focal length (f), and the refractive powers ( <p)
`up to ±0.3 of the equivalent refractive power <f? of the 55
`entire lens system. The characteristics of the glass, for
`example, the refractive indices nd and the Abbe number v
`should be varied only within a narrow range of about
`the indicated values, with consideration of the variations
`of the individual lots of glass.
`While specific embodiments -0f the invention have been
`shown and described in detail to illustrate the application·
`of the principles of the invention, it will be understood
`that the invention may be embodied otherwise without
`departing from such principles.
`What is claimed is:
`1. In a photographic telephoto lens consisting of a tele(cid:173)
`positive in front and a tele-negative facing the film and
`separated by a large air space, and wherein the tele-posi(cid:173)
`tive (A) consists, proceeding sequentially from the longer
`conjugate to the shorter conjugate, of a converging lens
`having a positive refractive power equal to from 2.022 to
`2.253 times the equivalent refractive power <f? of the en(cid:173)
`tire lens system, a first diverging lens following said con(cid:173)
`verging lens, and a second diverging lens following said
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`·10
`first diverging lens, with the ~eie-n~gative. (B) limiting the
`air space consisting of a front element facing the object
`and having positive refractive power and followed, toward
`the shorter conjugate, by a negative partial element of the
`tele-negative, and with the thickness of the air lens be(cid:173)
`tween tele-positive (A) and the tele-negative (B), meas(cid:173)
`ured along the optical axis, being from 0.485 to 0.523 of
`the equivalent focal length of the entire lens system: the
`improvement comprising the second diverging lens (III)
`in the last position of the tele-positive (A) and the first
`converging lens element (IV) of the tele-negative (B)
`following the air space ( a3) having refractive powers.
`consisting of the sums of the .refractive powers of their
`individual surfaces, such that the sum of the refractive
`powers ( 'Pm+'Prv) is between 0.931 and 1.218 of the
`equivalent refractive power <I>; the two inner surfaces
`(R/ and R4) of the two elements (III and IV) limiting
`the air space (a3 ) having refractive powers (cp3'+cp4)
`such that the large air lens included between them has a
`converging refractive power of from 2.339 to 3.7384>, and
`the absolute value of the quotient of the refractive power
`( 'Prv) of the converging lens (IV) on that side of the tele-
`negative (B) facing the image, divided by the refractive
`power ('Pm) of the diverging lens (Ill) of the tele-posi-
`25 tive (A) on the side facing the object being from 3.044
`to 4.446.
`2. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 1, in which the positive element (IV) of the tele(cid:173)
`negative (B) following the air space ( a3) has radii of the
`30 following values:
`
`35
`
`40
`
`0.203 f ~R4~0.343 f
`0.223f~RN~0.342/
`0.380/~R~'~l.175 f
`in which R4 is the outside radius of element (IV) on the
`side facing the object, and ~· is the outside radius of
`said element on the side facing the image, with RN being
`the radius of a pair of interior adjoining surfaces and in
`which f is the focal length of the entire objective.
`3. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 1, including a diverging air lens ( a 2) between the
`first diverging lens (II) of the tele-positive (A) and the
`diverging lens (UI) limiting the converging air Jens (a3)
`on the side toward the tele-positive (A); the sum of the
`refractive powers of the surfaces of the diverging air lens
`45 (-cpa2=ip2'+ip3), is between 0.436 and 0.571 times the
`equivalent refractive power <f?.
`4. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 1, in which the refractive powers of the lenses are
`as follows:
`
`<p1=+2.3<f?
`·'P11=-0.8<J?
`'Pm=-0.#
`'P1v=+L6<f?
`'Pv=-·3,0<I>
`5. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 4, having the following design parameters for a
`focal length of 1.00:
`
`60
`
`65
`
`'!O
`
`75
`
`Ri=+0.42156
`
`:R,•=-0.88214
`
`Rs=-0,88214
`
`R,' = -18.00073
`
`R,=-1.37288
`
`Ri' = -5.39649
`
`Ri=+0.34202
`
`R.'=+1.17496
`
`R~=-0.31069
`
`Rs'=+0.69i82
`
`di=0.06676
`
`n1=1.M25o
`
`"1=58.09
`
`ai=O (cemented)
`
`dn=0.01945
`
`a2=0.01183
`
`nu= 1. 72830
`air
`
`•11=28.66
`
`dm=0.01945
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`"1II=33.79
`
`aiv=0.40290
`diaphragm
`a1H=0.11913
`
`}a3=0.52203 air
`
`div=0.02234
`
`niv=l.75787
`
`"1v=31.56
`
`ai=0.03859
`
`I dv=0.0()j26
`
`air
`
`nv=l.6.5016
`
`•v=39.31
`
`s' =0.20324.
`
`Relative aperture, l c4
`
`1
`
`Apple v. Corephotonics
`
`Page 9 of 10
`
`Apple Ex. 1013
`
`

`

`11
`6. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`daim 1, in which the refractive powers of the lenses are
`as follows:
`
`3,388,956
`
`12
`10. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 1, which the lenses have the following refractive
`powers:
`
`cp1=+2.2<I>
`<,01=+2.2<1>
`cpn=-0.7<1>
`<pu=-0.7<1>
`<,0m= -0.5<1>
`'I'm= -0.4<1>
`'l'rv=+ 1.5<1>
`'l'1v=+l.4<I>
`cpv=-3.l<I>
`'!'v=-3.0<I>
`11. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`7. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 6, having the following design parameters for a focal IO claim 10, having the following design parameters for a
`focal length of f= 1.00:
`length f = 1.00:
`
`5
`
`R! =+O. 38589
`
`R1'=-l.Oil09
`
`R2=-1.07109
`
`R,'=+118.1496
`
`Ra= -1.35840
`
`Ra'=-14,34764
`
`Ri=+0.23845
`
`RN=+0.22391
`
`RN'=+0.22672
`
`R.' = +o.45495
`
`R,=-0.29283
`
`R,'=+0.75155
`
`d1=0. 06491
`a, =0 (cemented)
`
`dn=O. 012i8
`
`a2=0.01974
`
`nx=l.62041
`
`vt=60. 29
`
`nu= I. 72151
`
`vt1=29. 28
`
`air
`
`dm=0.01963
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`vru=33. 79
`
`aa=0.50022
`
`air
`
`d1v1 =0.02096
`
`nivi=l.85820
`
`vtv1=23.4
`
`aN=0,00200
`
`air
`
`divi=0.01453
`
`nivs= 1. 72372
`
`vtv2=38.09
`
`ai=0.03935
`
`dv=0.00846
`
`air
`
`nv=l.65016
`
`vv=39.31
`
`a' =0.20370.
`
`Relative aperture, 1:4.
`
`Ri=+0.38368
`15 Ri'=-1.12022
`R2=-l.12022
`R,' = + 18.ll0405
`Ra=-1.34795
`20 Ra'= -18.83797
`Ri=+0,23572
`
`Ri'=+0.45151
`
`R 6=-0.28257
`
`R,'~+0,95933
`
`25
`
`di=0.06625
`
`nx=l.62041
`
`1'1=60.29
`
`a1=0 (cemented)
`
`du =0.01393
`
`a,=0.03260
`
`dm=0.01840
`
`aa=0.48557
`
`div=0.02261
`
`ai=0.06352
`
`dv=0.0084
`
`nn = 1. 72151
`
`J'II=29.28
`
`air
`
`nm=l.65446
`
`J'Il.l=33.79
`
`air
`
`n1v=l.723n
`
`1'IV=38.09
`
`air
`
`nv=l.65016
`
`vv=39.31
`
`Relative aperture, 1:4.
`'=0.20777.
`12. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`30 claim 1, in which the refractive powers of the lenses are
`as follows:
`
`8. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in 35
`claim 1, in which the refractive powers of the lenses are as
`follows:
`
`40
`
`<p1=+2.2<I>
`cpu=-0.7<1>
`cpm=-0.5<1>
`'PIV=-1.5<1>
`<pv=-3.0<I>
`13. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 12, characterized by the following parameters for a
`focal length of/= 1.00:
`
`Ri=+0.38711
`
`di=0.06631
`
`ni=l.62041
`
`I
`I
`
`1'!=60.29
`
`<p1=+2.0<I>
`cpn=-0.5<1>
`<pm=-0.5<1>
`'PIV=+l.7<1>
`'Pv=-3.l<I>
`9. A photographic telephoto objective, as claimed in
`claim 8, having the following design parameters for a focal
`length of f=l.00:
`
`Ri=+0.36908 I dr =0.06652
`
`Ri'=-1.36852
`
`a1=0 (cemented)
`
`dn=0.01267
`
`a2=0.04250
`
`dm=0.01584
`
`aa=0.4941