United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`6,028,514
`Feb. 22, 2000
`Date of Patent:
`Lemelson et al.
`[45]
`
`US006028514A
`
`[11]
`
`Patent Number:
`
`[76]
`
`[54] PERSONAL EMERGENCY, SAFETY
`WARNING SYSTEM AND METHOD
`Inventors: Jerome H. Lemelson, deceased,late of
`Incline Village, Nev.; Robert D.
`Pedersen, 7808 Glenneagle, Dallas,
`Tex. 75248; by Dorothy Lemelson,
`executrix, Unit 802, Suite 286, 930
`Tahoe Blvd., Incline Village, Nev.
`89451
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 09/183,361
`[22]
`Filed:
`Oct. 30, 1998
`[51]
`Int. Ch? eccceecseee GO8B 1/08; GO8B 5/22
`[52] U.S. Ch we 340/539; 340/573.1; 340/825.36;
`340/825.49; 128/903; 600/300; 342/357;
`379/38
`[58] Field of Search occ 340/539, 531,
`340/825.36, 825.49, 573.1; 128/903, 904;
`600/300; 342/357, 457; 379/37, 38; 702/19
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`-- 340/636
`...
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`ne 5/1990 pillwell srereeeescenraceaenscsaessssnensegs378/110
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`37939
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`6/1992 Barnard ..........
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`6/1992 Durboraw,III ....
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`
`5,187,805
`2/1993 Bertiger et al.
`....
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`6/1993 Mansell et al. oo... ceceeeeeeeee 342/357
`oeaaees
`5)hoo, prowa r al sesveeneeweenenensenseats enyl
`
`its
`CATE OF A seersecseessssessesssscecnsess
`eee ‘1904 Papuaet w al.
`eelonas
`
`
`cucseuennenennene 342/457
`5,311,197
`5/1994 Sorden et al.
`5,323,322
`6/1994 Mueller et ale
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`8/1994 Simmsetal. ......
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`
`5,345,244
`9/1994 Gildeaet al.
`......
`.. 342/357
`5,359,332 10/1994 Allison etal. .....
`.. 342/357
`
`1/1995 Brownetal.......
`. 364/449
`5,379,224
`1/1995 FitzGerald .....
`.. 342/386
`5,382,958
`2/1995 Kass cceccccsscessccsssssssssssssseeveeseeees 342/357
`5,389,934
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Bezdek, Jim, “Fuzzy Models—What Are They, and Why?”,
`IEEE Technology Update Series, Fuzzy Logic Technology
`and Applications, (1992), pp. 3-7.
`(List continued on nextpage.)
`:
`.
`.
`Primary Examiner—Donnie L. Crosland
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Steve G. Lisa
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`
`A comprehensive system and method for monitoring a
`geographic person location, periodically warning a person of
`emergencysituations in the geographic location, and trans-
`mitting requests for assistance in emergencysituations. The
`system comprises a warning unit 12 that is carried by the
`person or that is located in mobile units 20 or in buildings
`or houses 19. The warning unit 12 includes a geographic
`Satellite receiver 38, a receiver circuit that receives broadcast
`warning signals defining dangerous situations and geo-
`graphic locations of the situations, a computer controller
`including a processor 42 and a memory 44, an alarm
`indicator 64 or 66 that
`indicates when the person is in
`danger, and a transmission circuit that generates and trans-
`mits signals requesting assistance and signals warning of the
`dangeroussituations in a vicinity of the person carrying the
`portable warning unit 12 along with the current geographic
`location of the person. The system further comprises a
`command center 10. The command center 10 includes a
`database computer 102 having a database storage unit 104,
`a transmitter for broadcasting signals to the unit(s) 12, a
`receiver for receiving signals, a transmitter for transmitting
`signals to emergency response units and centers, and other
`such communication devices. The system uses the unit(s) 12
`to monitor and communicate with the person using it. The
`unit(s) 12 interfacingly communicate with the command
`center 10. Signals indicative of a dangeroussituation and a
`Seographicsituation location are transmitted from the com-
`‘mand center 10 to the unit(s) 12. The geographic person
`location is compared with the geographic situation location
`indicated in the received signal from the command center
`10. Expert system rules are used to determine the dangerous
`situation and a degree(s) of danger index for the person(s)
`near or at the geographic situation location.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`43 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`Telecommunications
`GPS
`Telecommunications
`GPS
`GPS
`Satellita
`Satellite
`and Paging Satellite
`and PagingSatellite
`Satellite
`
`16
`16
`16
`14
`4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Mobile Units
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Central Alarm and Warning
`
`
`Monitor/Response Center
`by rr
`Telecommunieations and
`
`o
`Telecommunications and
`Paging Ground Station
`Paging GroundStation
`
`10
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 1
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`

`

`6,028,514
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Hurn, Jeff, GPS—A Guide to the Next Utility,, Trimble
`Navigation (1989), pp. 7-12.
`5,390,125
`2/1995 Sennott et al. occ eeeee 364/449
`5,396,540—3/1995 Goch wee eeesenceeceeteteneeneeeeeeens 379/59
`
`Hurn,Jeff, Differential GPS Explained, Trimble Navigation
`.. 342/357
`5,408,238
`4/1995 Smith ....0....
`
`(1993), Chapters 2-3, pp. 5-15.
`
`5/1995 Penny, Jr. et al. occ 342/357
`5,414,432
`5/1995 Wilk oe
`.. 128/653.1
`5,415,167
`
`5/1995 Bird wee
`.. 342/357
`5,418,537
`
`6/1995 Schuchmanet al.
`« 364/449
`5,422,813
`
`6/1995 Spragueetal. ....
`.. 364/449
`5,422,816
`.......
`. 364/449
`5,430,656
`7/1995 Dekel et al.
`
`« 364/449
`5,434,787
`7/1995 Okamotoetal.
`8/1995, Aguado oo.cccesceeseseeeneee 342/357
`5,438,337
`
`. 364/413.02
`5,576,952
`11/1996 Stutmanetal.
`
`5,636,245
`6/1997 Ernst et al.
`occ
`cccseeeeeeee 375/359
`
`7/1997 Lepkofker ..
`.. 340/573
`5,652,570
`1/1998 Shapiro......
`.. 340/539
`5,705,980
`
`1/1998 Simkin ....
`.. 340/539
`5,712,619
`
`3/1998 Layson, Jr.
`.....
`.. 340/573
`5,731,757
`4/1998 Hoffmanet al. eee 340/573
`5,742,233
`
`Jang, Jyh-Shing Roger, Sun,Chen-tsai, “Neuro-Fuzzy
`Modeling and Control”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 83,
`No. 3, Mar. 1995, pp. 378-406.
`
`Kosko, Isaka, “Fuzzy Logic”, Scientific American, Jul. 1993,
`pp. 76-81.
`
`Mendel,Jerry M., “Fuzzy Logic Systems for Engineering: A
`Tutorial”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 83, No. 3, Mar.
`1995, pp. 345-377.
`
`Schwartz, Klir, “Fuzzy Logic Flowers in Japan”, IEEE
`Spectrum, Jul. 1992, pp. 32-35.
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Brubaker, “Fuzzy Operators’, EDN, Nov. 9, 1995, pp.
`239-241.
`
`Gottwald, Siegred, _Fuzzy Sets & Fuzzy Logic: The Foun-
`dation ofApplication—f'roma Mathematical Point of View,
`Vrueg & Sohn, Braunschweig Wiesboden (1993), ISBN
`3-528-05311-9. pp.. 133-168.
`
`Logsdon, Tom, The Navstar Global Positioning System,
`International Thomson Publishing (1992), Chapter 2, pp.
`18-33.
`
`Leick, Alfred, GPS Satellite Surveying, John Wiley & Sons,
`Inc. (1995), Chapter 3, pp. 58-92.
`
`Cox, “Fuzzy Fundamentals”, IEEE Spectrum, Oct. 1992,pp.
`58-61.
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 2
`
`IPR2018-01093
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 1 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
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`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 3
`
`IPR2018-01093
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`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 2 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`On/ Off
`
`(eo)
`
`34
`
`Battery
`
`|
`
`40
`
`GPS
`Processor
`
`GPSAntenna
`
`\\Z
`
`GPS
`Receiver
`
`36
`
`44
`
`30
`
`
`Microprocessor
`
`
`Control
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ow 32
`
`LL
`
`60 Microphone
`
`>
`
`62 Speaker
`
`(e)
`
`58 Disable
`
`64 Audible
`Alarm
`
`Visual
`66 Warning
`Light
`
`Memory
`
`50
`
`54
`
`Antenna
`
`Tx/ Bx Radio
`
`LZ
`\
`48
`Antenna
`Telecommunications 4
`Paging Radio
`NY
`
`52
`
`46
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`Speech / Sound
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`Medical Sensor
`
`51
`
`
`
`Motion Detector
`
`53
`
`Ce)
`
`Alarm Button
`
`56
`
`FIG. 2
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 4
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 3 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`pewcbom||ris
`
`
`
`
`
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`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 5
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`IPR2018-01093
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 4 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`Calculate GPS
`Coordinates
`
`
`
`Update Travel
`Behavior Database
`
`Activate
`Warning
`
`Activate
`Warning
`
`157
`
`Activate
`Alarm
`
`
`Learned
`
`
`Normal
`
`
`
`
`Generate Warning
`Travel
`
`Based On Frequented
`Behavior
`
`
`
`Location?
`Database
`
`
`
`
`
`Location?
`
`
`
`Generate Warning
`Based On Present
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Compare
`
`Speech Library
`
`Activate
` Warning
`
`
`
`
`Location?
`
`
` Ye
` FIG. 4A
`
`Database Learns
`Safe Coordniates
`
`Motion/
`
`166
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 6
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 5 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`ZZ\
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`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 7
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`
`
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 6 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`190
`
`
`
`
`Receive Alarm
`Message?
`
`Yes
`
`192
`
`Decode Message
`and GPS
`
`194
`
`Coordinates
`
`
`
`
`193
`
`Transmit Paging
`Danger Warning
`Message
`
`195
`
`Yes
`
`Pager
`Warning?
`
`No
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 8
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 7 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`198
`
`Dispatch
`Assistance
`
`Page Warning Unit 12
`With Confirmation of
`Assistance
`
`216 196
`
`
`RX
`
`Response
`
`Broadcast
`EmergencyAssistance
`Page
`
`Message
`
`210
`
`No
`
`208
`
`212
`
` RX
`
`
`Response
`Message
`
` Pages =M?
`
`Assistance
`
`Dispatch Back-up
` RX
`
`Response
`
`
`IPR2018-01093
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 8 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`Antennas - GPS,
`Telecommunications,
`
`Microphone
`222
`
`{
`
`Visual Warning Light
`234
`
`On / Off Switch
`
`TX/RX
`
`
`
`Panic / Alarm Button
`
`224
`
`226
`
`Disable Button
`
`Speaker
`228
`
`FIG. 6
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 22, 2000
`
`Sheet 9 of 9
`
`6,028,514
`
`
`
`IPR2018-01093
`Apple Inc. Ex. 1003 Page 11
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`

`

`6,028,514
`
`1
`
`PERSONAL EMERGENCY, SAFETY
`WARNING SYSTEM AND METHOD
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`
`These inventions relate to emergency warning systems
`and methods,and, in particular, to systems and methodsthat
`have the capability to automatically warn individuals of a
`variety of types of emergencies in their immediate vicinity.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Personal safety is a problem of increasing concern in our
`society. Individuals face danger and emergencysituations in
`their homes, at their places of work and while traveling in
`automobiles, trains, airplanes and other forms of transpor-
`tation. Dangerous situations exist in our cities and on our
`roadways. Citizens are frequently victims of crime and
`placed in dangeroussituations caused by riots and other civil
`unrest. Violent weather conditions, earthquakes, pollution
`hazards, fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, and other natu-
`ral disasters cause dangeroussituations. In addition to these
`dangerous situations, individuals may require emergency
`assistance for medical
`reasons, personal
`injuries,
`abandonment, or other personal crises. All these situations
`give rise to the need for improved personal warning and
`emergency safety systems not only to alert citizens as they
`move aboutin their daily activities but also to provide the
`capability for individuals to call for emergency assistance
`when they are in potentially dangerous situations, so that
`they may avoid or avert dangeroussituations.
`In our co-pending application, U.S. patent application Ser.
`No. 08/844,029 filed on Apr. 17, 1997, incorporated herein
`by reference, applicants describe a danger warning emer-
`gency response system and method for warning citizens of
`dangerous situations that may exist within certain geo-
`graphic areas as determined by, among other things,
`the
`G.P.S. coordinates of those areas. In that system, individuals
`carry emergency warning units complete with G.PS. receiv-
`ers to receive location signals from G.P.S. satellites and
`telecommunication receivers to receive signals transmitted
`by a paging or other communication networks from central
`emergency warning centers. The individual warning units
`carried by persons throughout the area receive the transmit-
`ted danger warning signals. Based on an individual’s present
`G.P.S. coordinates, the warning unit computes whether or
`not the individualis currently within a dangerous area. The
`portable emergency warning unit generates appropriate
`warning signals and messagesto alert the person or persons
`associated with that unit of the dangeroussituations and the
`degree of danger. Fuzzy logic, expert systems and other
`methods are described in our co-pending application to
`characterize dangeroussituations and formulate appropriate
`messages for transmission.
`Several prior art patents address different aspects of
`tracking individuals using G.P.S. and warning individuals of
`danger. For example, it is knownto use G.P.S. technology to
`track individuals. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,742,233; 5,712,
`619; 5,731,757. These prior art patents are incorporated
`herein by reference. It is also known to use G.P.S. technol-
`ogy and personal warning devices to request help when an
`individual is in distress. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,742,233;
`5,712,619. These prior art patents are incorporated herein by
`reference.
`
`It is also known to use G.PS. technology and personal
`warning devices to warn individuals that specific criminal
`offenders are in the area. See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757.
`This priorart patent is incorporated herein by reference. U.S.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`Pat. No. 5,731,757 does not, however, create a comprehen-
`sive safety warning system by warning users of varying
`dangers, such as fires,
`tornadoes, or police chases.
`Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,757 is not capable of
`learning a user’s normal behavior.
`It is further known to selectively distribute information
`via radio communications based on location, velocity, and/or
`time. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,245. This prior art patent
`is incorporated herein by reference. However, U.S. Pat. No.
`5,636,245 does not use fuzzy logic or expert systems to
`classify dangerous situations with varying degrees of
`danger, such as, for example, classifying the degree of
`danger based on distance from danger and nature of dan-
`gerous situations. U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,245 also does not
`selectively distribute radio communications based upon
`individual user characteristics, such as a need for a person
`having a heart condition or problem to be close to a heart
`trauma center. Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,245 does
`not warn individuals of varying dangeroussituations (i.e.,
`shootings, fires, riots, chemical hazards,etc.).
`It is Known to determine location and to request police
`assistance via a paging or radio network.See, e.g., US. Pat.
`Nos. 5,705,980; 5,652,570. These prior art patents are incor-
`porated herein by reference. However, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,705,
`980 and 5,652,570 do not use G.P.S. technology to locate
`individuals.
`It is further known to monitor an individual’s medical
`information (i.e., blood pressure, blood chemistry, etc.) and
`report that information via radio communicationto a central
`control center. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,952; 5,415,
`167; 5,652,570. These prior art patents are incorporated
`herein by reference. However, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,952;
`5,415,167; 5,652,570 do not use G.P.S. technology to locate
`individuals in medicaldistress.
`
`Each of the patents and articles discussed aboveis incor-
`porated herein by reference.
`A significant drawbackto all of the inventions discussed
`above is that they do not create a comprehensive warning
`system by collecting information from users and distributing
`that information to other selected users. The above inven-
`tions distribute information that is obtained from already
`existing sources (i.e., weather reports, police radio, etc.).
`The present invention not only distributes informationthat it
`receives from already existing information sources, but it
`also distributes information that it receives from individual
`users to other specific users. In addition to creating a system
`of selectively distributing information, the present invention
`also creates a new source of information to distribute.
`
`Importantly, none of the above inventions make use of
`fuzzy logic or expert systems to develop calculated degree
`of danger indications to further assist persons using the
`system to better understand the peril and nature of danger
`that may exist. The use of the fuzzy logic/expert system and
`methods of applicant’s incorporated co-pending application,
`US. patent application Ser. No. 08/844,029 cited above,
`with the two-way communication and other unique features
`of the present application, provides a more comprehensive
`warning system and method.
`Anothersignificant drawback of the abovepriorart inven-
`tions is that they are not capable of learning the behavior of
`the individual users.
`
`the need exists for a personal emergency,
`Therefore,
`safety warning system and method that creates a more
`comprehensive,intelligent warning and response system for
`individual users.
`
`SUMMARYOF INVENTION
`
`The present invention includes a system for monitoring a
`person’s geographic location. The system periodically warns
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`the person of emergency situations in specific geographic
`locations. The system also allows people to request assis-
`tance while in emergency situations.
`The system includesa portable warning unit that is carried
`by a person. The portable warning unit includesa satellite
`receiver that receives and analyzes communication signals
`from a satellite positioning system and determines the
`current geographic location of the person. The portable
`warning unit also includes a receiver circuit that receives
`broadcasted warning messages defining dangerous situa-
`tions and the geographic locations of those situations. The
`portable warning unit also includes a computer controller
`including a processor and a memory. The processor is
`configured to monitor and store in memory data defining the
`geographic location of the person as the person moves from
`location to location over a period of time. The processor also
`compares the geographic location of the person with the
`location information in the received warning signals to
`determine the degree of danger for the person carrying the
`portable warning unit. The portable warning unit also
`includes an alarm indicator that indicates when the person is
`in danger. In addition, the portable warning unit includes a
`transmission circuit
`that generates and transmits signals
`requesting assistance and signals warning of dangerous
`situations in the vicinity of the person carrying the portable
`warning unit along with the current geographic location of
`the person.
`The present invention also includes a command center.
`The command center includes a database computer that has
`a database storage unit. The database computeris configured
`to monitor and track the existence and status of emergency
`situations. The database computer is also configured to
`monitor the locations of emergency response centers and
`units in a geographic region. The command center also
`includes a transmitter for broadcasting emergency warning
`signals corresponding to dangeroussituations along with the
`geographic locations of those situations. The command
`center also includes a receiver for receiving emergency
`assistance requests and signals indicating the existence of
`dangeroussituations. The command center also includes a
`transmitter for transmitting signals to emergency response
`units and centers.
`
`During operation of the present invention, the receiving
`circuit of the portable warning unit carried by the person
`receives the signals transmitted from the command center
`that are indicative of a dangerous situation and the geo-
`graphic location. The computer controller of the portable
`warning unit compares the geographic location of the person
`carrying the unit with the location of the dangeroussituation
`indicated in the received signal from the commandcontrol
`center. Using expert system rules, the computer controller of
`the warning unit determines a degree of danger index for the
`person carrying the portable warning unit. If necessary, the
`computer controller generates a warning signal for
`the
`person carrying the warning unit. The portable warning unit
`generates and transmits signals requesting emergencyassis-
`tance and warning of emergency situations along with
`signals indicating the location of the portable warning unit.
`The present invention includes a plurality of portable
`warning units carried by a plurality of persons. The com-
`mandcenter is configured to broadcast warning signals that
`are simultaneously received by all portable warning units
`within radio signal range of the command control center.
`The present invention uses a satellite positioning system
`which may be a Global Positioning System (G.P.S.). The
`satellite receiver of the warning unit is compatible with the
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`Global Positioning System and the current geographic posi-
`tion of the person is defined by the person’s G.P.S. coordi-
`nates.
`
`The computer controller of the portable warning unit
`generates and stores data defining the normal behavior
`patterns of the person wearing the unit in the memory of the
`computer controller. The computer controller of the portable
`warning unit compares the data stored in memory defining
`the normal behavior patterns to the data defining the current
`geographic location of the person wearing the warning unit,
`and if a predefined variance exists between the current
`geographic location and normal behavior patterns, an alarm
`signal is generated and transmitted to the command control
`center.
`
`The controller of the warning unit generates and stores
`data defining dangerous areas for persons to travel. The
`computer controller of the warning unit compares the data
`stored in memory defining the dangerous areas to the data
`defining the current geographic location of the person wear-
`ing the warning unit, and if the person is in a dangerousarea,
`an alarm signal is generated and a request for assistance is
`transmitted to the command control center. In addition, the
`computer controller of the warning unit compares the data
`stored in memory defining the dangerous areas to the data
`defining geographic locations that the person wearing the
`warning unit frequently visits. If it is probable that the
`person will visit dangerous areas, an alarm signal is gener-
`ated for the person wearing the warning unit.
`The warning unit carried by the person further includes a
`medical monitoring system that monitors and generates
`signals defining selected current medical conditions of the
`person wearing the warning unit. The portable warning unit
`computer controller memory includes data defining abnor-
`mal medical conditions. The computer is programmed to
`compare the signals generated by the medical monitoring
`system to the data stored in memory defining abnormal
`medical conditions.If a variance of predefined degree exists
`between the person’s current and normal medical
`conditions, the computer generates and causes the transmis-
`sion circuit to transmit signals defining the variance to the
`command control center. The medical monitoring system
`detects abnormal medical conditions in the blood, circula-
`tory system, respiratory system, and nervous system. If the
`medical monitoring system detects abnormal conditions in
`the user’s blood, circulatory system, respiratory system, or
`nervous system, the medical monitoring system alerts the
`commandcontrol center of the user’s location and condition.
`
`The command control center determines the severity of the
`emergency and dispatches the proper emergencyassistance.
`The portable warning unit carried by the person further
`includes a sound recognition system configured to recognize
`and generate electrical signals defining selected sounds. The
`computer controller memory includes data defining select
`emergency conditions based on sounds. The computer is
`programmed to comparethe signals generated by the sound
`recognition system to the data stored in memory defining
`select emergency conditions based on sounds. If a select
`emergency condition exists,
`the computer generates and
`causes the transmission circuit to transmit signals defining
`the emergency condition to the command control center. The
`sound recognition system contains a speech recognition
`circuit. The sound recognition system detects specific pre-
`programmed speech. If pre-programmed speechis detected,
`the warning unit alerts the central command center that the
`individual may be oris in distress. The central command
`center then dispatches appropriate assistance to the indi-
`vidual in distress. The sound recognition system detects loud
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`noises, riot sounds, gunshots, and other such noises. If such
`noises are detected,
`the warning unit alerts the central
`commandcenter, and the central command center dispatches
`the appropriate assistance to the individual in distress. The
`command control center receives the transmitted signals
`from the portable warning unit and uses fuzzy logic to define
`the emergency condition. The command control center gen-
`erates and transmits signals to an emergency response unit
`defining the type of emergency, the fuzzy logic degree of
`danger and the current geographic location of the user. The
`command center also transmits warning messages based on
`information received from weatherreports, police radio, and
`other auxiliary information sources. In addition, the com-
`mand center transmits warning messages to persons carrying
`warning units based on information received from other
`persons carrying portable warning units.
`The controller of the warning unit generates and stores
`data defining dangerous types of motion based on received
`G.PS. signals. The dangerous motion recognition system
`detects dangerous acceleration, elevation, speed, and decel-
`eration. If dangerous acceleration, elevation, speed, or decel-
`eration is detected, the warning unit alerts the central com-
`mand center, and the central command center dispatches
`appropriate assistance to the individual that may beor is in
`distress.
`
`The computer controller of the portable warning unit’s
`expert system comprises fuzzy logic inference rules and a
`fuzzy logic controller to compute a degree of danger index
`for the person carrying the portable warning unit. The fuzzy
`logic inference rules include fuzzy variables defining the
`distance between the portable warning unit and the danger-
`ous situation, vulnerability of the person carrying the por-
`table warning unit
`to the dangerous situation, and the
`relative velocity between the portable warning unit and the
`dangerous situation. The fuzzy logic controller derives a
`fuzzy variable defining the degree of danger of the person
`carrying the portable warning unit and defuzzifies that
`variable to derive a singular degree of danger.
`It is therefore an object of this invention to provide new
`and useful personal emergency safety warning systems and
`methods that provide a compact, electronic personal emer-
`gency safety warning unit
`to be carried by persons or
`provided in homes, buildings, automobiles or the like to
`warn users of dangeroussituations in surrounding areas and
`to permit
`transmission of requests for assistance when
`dangerous or emergency conditions are encountered.
`It is a further object of this invention to incorporate G.P.S.
`location technology in a personal emergency safety warning
`unit to permit calculation of exact location of the unit on the
`earth, compare that location to broadcast danger warning
`messages, and based on that comparison, warn the user of a
`dangeroussituation or situations in the vicinity.
`It is a further object of this invention to incorporate G.P.S.
`location technology in a personal emergency safety warning
`unit to permit calculation of exact location of the unit on the
`earth, compare that location to locations that the user of the
`warning unit
`frequently visits, and based on that
`comparison, warn the user of a dangerous situation or
`situations in those area or areas.
`
`It is a further object of this invention to incorporate G.P.S.
`location technology in a personal emergency safety warning
`unit to permit calculation of exact location of the unit on the
`earth, compare that location to the location of emergency
`medical centers, and based on that comparison, warn the
`user that he/she is dangerously far away from an emergency
`medical center that may be necessary for that user’s par-
`ticular condition.
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`It is another object of this invention to incorporate G.P.S.
`location technology in a personal emergency safety warning
`unit to permit calculation of exact location of the unit on the
`earth and save that location to an intelligent database; thus,
`enabling the system to learn the traveling behavior of the
`user of the warning unit.
`It is a further object to provide sensor technology in a
`personal emergency safety warning unit to permit detection
`and analysis of medical emergencies for the user, such as
`heart attacks, strokes,
`respiratory problems,
`low blood
`pressure, etc., and to broadcast requests for assistance based
`on that emergency or emergencies and the respective G.P.S.
`coordinates.
`
`It is a further object of this invention to provide sensor
`technology in a personal emergency safety warning unit to
`permit detection, analysis and recognition of spoken words
`with transmission of requests for responsesor for assistance
`whenselected words or commandsare detected.
`
`It is yet a further object to provide sensor technology in
`a personal emergency safety warning unit
`to permit
`detection, analysis, and recognition of unusual or predeter-
`mined sounds, such as riot sounds, gunshots, loud noises,
`etc. and to transmit a request for assistance when such
`sounds are detected.
`
`It is yet another object to provide sensor and/or G.PS.
`coordinates calculation technology in a personal emergency
`safety warning unit to permit detection, analysis and recog-
`nition of dangerous types of motion such as unusual or
`unexpected changes in location, velocity, acceleration, or
`deceleration of the warning unit and to transmit requests for
`assistance when such events are detected.
`
`It is still another object of this invention to provide the
`above detection and analysis of motion dynamics combined
`with the speech and sound analysis to detect combinations of
`events requiring the generation of requests for responses or
`for assistance.
`
`It is a further object of this invention to combine the above
`capabilities in an integrated, unique personal emergency
`safety warning unit using common implementations for
`several operations,
`thereby reducing unit cost, size and
`complexity while still providing comprehensive warning
`and alarm capabilities.
`Further objects of the invention are apparent from review-
`ing the summary ofthe invention, detailed description, and
`claims set forth below.
`
`The above and other objects are achieved by adding an
`emergency response capability to the previous danger warn-
`ing systems and methods of applicant’s co-pending U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 08/844,029 thereby enabling an
`individual
`to transmit requests for assistance when in a
`dangeroussituation. Such transmissions may be independent
`of any received messages and provide the capability for
`individuals to broadcast a request for help along with their
`G.P.S. coordinates so that emergency assistance may be
`properly dispatched.
`The present personal emergency safety warning system
`and method includes speech recognition capability to permit
`the portable unit to recognize particular phrases or words
`such as, “help,” “robbery,” “rape,”“medical alert,” or other
`specific phrases descriptive of the emergency situation that
`may be used in an emergency control center to more
`properly respond to the emergencysituation.
`The above andother objects are also achieved by enabling
`the present personal emergency safety warning system and
`method to recognize other sounds indicative of particular
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`6,