`US 9,445,251 B2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Sep. 13, 2016
`Beyer, Jr. et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`
`US009445251B2
`
`METHOD TO PROVIDE AD HOC AND
`PASSWORD PROTECTED DIGITAL AND
`VOICE NETWORKS
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ....................................................... H04W 4/02
`USPC ............................................ 455/404.2, 456.1
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(54)
`
`(71)
`
`(72)
`
`Applicant: Advanced Ground Information
`Systems, Inc., Jupiter, FL (US)
`
`(56)
`
`Inventors: Malcolm K. Beyer, Jr., Jupiter, FL
`(US); Christopher R. Rice, Redmond,
`WA (US)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,555,286 A
`5,898,434 A
`
`9/1996 Tendler
`4/1999 Small et a1.
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`JP
`JP
`
`H085394
`H09ll3288
`
`1/1996
`5/1997
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Benefon ESCI GSM + GPS Personal Navigation Phone, 1999,
`Benefon Oyj, Salo, Finland.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner 7 Omoniyi Obayanju
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Goodwin Procter LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A method and system includes the ability for individuals to
`set up an ad hoc digital and voice network easily and rapidly
`to allow users to coordinate their activities by eliminating
`the need for pre-entry of data into a web or identifying others
`by name, phone numbers or email. This method is especially
`useful for police, fire fighters, military, first responders or
`other emergency situations for coordinating different orga-
`nizations at the scene of a disaster to elevate conventional
`
`communication problems either up and down the chain of
`command or cross communication between different emer-
`
`gency units. The method and system provides that the users
`are only required to enter a specific Server IP address and an
`ad hoc event name, a password and perhaps the name of the
`particular unit.
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee: Advanced Ground Information
`Systems, Inc., Jupiter, FL (US)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 14/633,804
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Feb. 27, 2015
`
`(65)
`
`(63)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2016/0057598 A1
`
`Feb. 25, 2016
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`Continuation of application No. 14/529,978, filed on
`Oct. 31, 2014, which is a continuation-in—part of
`application No. 14/027,410, filed on Sep. 16, 2013,
`now Pat. No. 8,880,042, which is a continuation of
`
`(Continued)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`(Continued)
`
`Int. Cl.
`
`(51)
`
`H04M 11/04
`H04 W 24/00
`
`US. Cl.
`
`(52)
`
`CPC .............. H04 W 4/22 (2013.01); G06F 3/0482
`(2013.01); G06F 3/04842 (2013.01); H04L
`63/083 (2013.01); H04L 67/18 (2013.01);
`
`(Continued)
`
`35 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets
`
`ENABLING LOCATION, STATUS, VoIP, PTI' AND VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN
`RADIOS AND CELL PHONES
`
`
`IPDATA
`
`MESSAGES
`M INCLUDING
`;
`POITION
`IDENTITY VolP
`
`AND DIGITIZEDE
`VIDEO
`‘
`
`AD HOC
`NETWORKED
`FDA CELL
`PHONES
`DECODES IP
`DATA
`
`
`
`
`
`I I
`
`AD HOC
`I NETWORK FDA
`I CELL PHONE
`CREATES
`LOCATION,
`‘
`IDENTITY, PPT
`I
`I AND VIDEO I?
`I MESSAGES
`......................................
`
`
`
`II
`IP DATA
`1III
`MESSAGES
`INCLUDING
`IPOITION IDENTITY
`I
`VcIP AND
`I
`I DIGITIZED VIDEO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Google 1001
`US. Patent No. 9,445,251
`
`_______ ‘
`SERVER
`I
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`INCLUDING
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`PDAs I POSS
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`AN IP CAPABLE
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`DATA FROM RADIO
`AND DECODES IP
`DATA.
`
`
`
`Google 1001
`U.S. Patent No. 9,445,251
`
`
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`application No. 13/751,453, filed on Jan. 28, 2013,
`now Pat. No. 8,538,393, which is a continuation-in-
`'
`’
`part of application No. 12/761,533,. filed on Apr. 16,
`2010, now Pat. No. 8,364,129, which is a continua-
`tion-in-part of application No. 11/615,472, filed on
`Dec. 22, 2006, now Pat. No. 8,126,441, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 11/308,648,
`filed onApr. 17, 2006, now Pat. No. 7,630,724, Wthh
`is a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/711,
`490, filed on Sep. 21, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,031,728.
`
`Int- 0-
`H04W 4/22
`H04W 76/00
`H04M ”725
`H04W 68/00
`H04W 4/02
`H04W 4/08
`H04 W 64/00
`H04W 84/18
`H04W12/08
`H04W12/02
`$02; 3/04842!
`H04L 29/06
`H04L 29/08
`H04W 76/02
`53211131122345
`US. Cl.
`
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(200901)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(200991)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`(381381)
`(
`’
`)
`(200691)
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`(388281)
`(
`~
`)
`
`7,024,207 32
`7,031,700 B1
`7,292,935 B2
`72201112 3%
`a
`a
`7,486,648 B1
`7,499,799 132
`7,593,740 B2
`8,014,763 132
`8,139,514 B2
`2001/0044321 A1
`iggg/ggégjg; :1
`2003/0139150 A1
`2003/0149527 A1
`2003/0200259 A1
`2004/0054428 A1
`2004/0137884 A1
`2004/0143391 A1
`2004/0148090 A1
`2004/0192299 A1
`2004/0204070 A1
`2004/0252050 A1
`2004/0266456 A1
`2005/0060069 A1
`2005/0130634 A1
`2005/0130666 A1
`2005/0227705 A1
`2006/0030339 A1
`2006/0031927 A1
`2006/0047825 A1
`2007/0150444 A1
`2007/0281689 A1
`2008/0132243 A1
`2010/0052945 A1
`
`41/2006 Gorday et 31~
`4/2006 Weaver et al.
`11/2007 Yoon-
`15388; gomfbtet 131
`mig e a .
`2/2009 Baranowski
`3/2009 Park
`9/2009 Crowley et a1.
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`
`”011 Hymes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hggflifg
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`'
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`ayer
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`3/2004 Sheha et al.
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`ing e
`.
`7/2004 K'
`tal
`7/2004 Melen ........................... 701/200
`9/2004 Wilson et a1.
`10/2004 August et al.
`12/2004 Tengler ................. G01S 5/0072
`342/357.31
`12/2004 Bostrom et a1.
`3/2005 Breed et a1.
`6/2005 Godfrey
`6/2005 Levy ....................... H04W 8/24
`455/4522
`10/2005 Rousu et al.
`2/2006 Zhovnirovsky et a1.
`2/2006 Mizuno et a1.
`3/2006 Steenstra et al.
`6/2007 Chesnais et a1.
`12/2007 Altman et al.
`6/2008 Spalink et al.
`3/2010 Breed
`
`............. 709/229
`
`CPC ..... H04MI/72519 (2013.01); H04M I/72536
`(2013.01); H04M 1/72572 (2013.01); H04M
`1/72583 (2013.01); H04W 4/02 (2013.01);
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`
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`
`g
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`
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`
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`
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`(2013.01); H04W 68/00 (2013.01); H04W
`76/007 (2013.01); H04W 84/18 (201301);
`H04M 1/27455 (2013.01); H04M ”72525
`(2013.01), H04M 1/72547 (2013.01), H04M
`2250/10 (2013.01); H04M 2250/22 (2013.01);
`H04M 2250/62 (2013.01), H04W 4/026
`,
`,
`76502;3(20l3313?jI/:1021Vg(72620210850l—g00l/I;
`'
`’
`'
`.
`References Clted
`U S PATENT DOCUMENTS
`.
`.
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`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Wh
`_
`1_
`ere You Are, May 31, 2002,
`E isa Batista, Your Boss May Know .
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`_
`_
`05152§§270uarentPage:all>~
`_
`_
`_
`Gate5, Mobile Community Solution-z Context-senSitive application
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`f
`f
`ae ,
`0 ie ui e ouion:
`on ex -sens1 ive app ica 10115 or
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`
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`
`6,204,844 B1
`6,292,747 B1
`6,366,782 B1
`6,377,210 B1
`6,385,465 B1
`6,434,403 B1
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`6,662,016 B1
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`6,775,560 B2
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`6:868:337 B2
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`.
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`. and Work and
`
`.
`
`
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`Page 3
`
`(56)
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`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 2016
`
`Sheet 1 of 7
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`
`
`FEQ,
`
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`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 2016
`
`Sheet 2 of 7
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 2016
`
`Sheet 3
`
`of 7
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`US 9,445,251 B2
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`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`1
`METHOD TO PROVIDE AD HOC AND
`PASSWORD PROTECTED DIGITAL AND
`VOICE NETWORKS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of US. patent applica-
`tion Ser. No. 14/529,978 filed on Oct. 31, 2014, which is a
`continuation-in-part of US. patent application Ser. No.
`14/027,410 filed on Sep. 16, 2013, now US. Pat. No.
`8,880,042, issued Nov. 4, 2014, which is a continuation of
`US. patent application Ser. No. 13/751,453 filed Jan. 28,
`2013, now US. Pat. No. 8,538,393 issued Sep. 17, 2013,
`which is a continuation-in-part of US. patent application
`Ser. No. 12/761,533 filed on Apr. 16, 2010, now US. Pat.
`No. 8,364,129 issued Jan. 29, 2013, which is a continuation-
`in-part of US. patent application Ser. No. 11/615,472 filed
`on Dec. 22, 2006, now US. Pat. No. 8,126,441 issued on
`Feb. 28, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 11/308,648 filed Apr. 17, 2006, now
`US. Pat. No. 7,630,724 issued on Dec. 8, 2009, which is a
`continuation-in-part of US. patent application Ser. No.
`10/711,490, filed on Sep. 21, 2004, now US. Pat. No.
`7,031,728 issued on Apr. 18, 2006. All of the preceding
`applications are incorporated herein by reference in their
`entirety.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`Acommunications method and system using a plurality of
`cellular phones each having an integrated Personal Digital
`Assistant
`(PDA) and Global Positioning System (GPS)
`receiver for the management of two or more people through
`the use of a communications network. The method and
`
`system provide each user with an integrated handheld cel-
`lular/PDA/GPS/phone that has Advanced Communication
`Software application programs (hereinafter referred to as
`ACS) and databases used in conjunction with a remote
`Server that enable a user to quickly establish a communi-
`cation network of cell phone participants having a common
`temporary ad hoc network using mobile wireless commu-
`nication devices.
`The invention includes a method and communication
`
`system to quickly set up and provide ad hoc, password
`protected, digital and voice networks to allow a group of
`people to be able to set up a network easily and rapidly,
`especially in an emergency situation.
`2. Description of Related Art
`The purpose of a communications system is to transmit
`digital messages from a source, located at one point, to user
`destination(s), located at other point(s) some distance away.
`A communications system is generally comprised of three
`basic
`elements:
`transmitter,
`information channel
`and
`receiver. One form of communication in recent years is
`cellular phone telephony. A network of cellular communi-
`cation systems set up around an area such as the United
`States allows multiple users to talk to each other, either on
`individual calls or on group calls. Some cellular phone
`services enable a cellular phone to engage in conference
`calls with a small number of users. Furthermore, cellular
`conference calls can be established through 800 number
`services. Cellular telephony also now includes systems that
`include GPS navigation that utilizes satellite navigation.
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`These devices thus unite cellular phone technology with
`navigation information, computer information transmission
`and receipt of data.
`The method and operation of communication devices
`used herein are described in US. Pat. No. 7,031,728 which
`is hereby incorporated by reference and US. Pat. No.
`7,630,724.
`Military, first responder, and other public and private
`emergency groups need to be able to set up ad hoc digital
`and voice networks easily and rapidly. These private net-
`works may be temporary or longer lasting in nature. The
`users need to be able to rapidly coordinate their activities
`eliminating the need for pre-entry of data into a web and or
`identifying others by name, phone numbers or email
`addresses so that all
`intended participants that enter the
`agreed ad hoc network name and password are both digitally
`and voice interconnected. When a user or users leave the
`
`network, no data concerning the network participants need
`be retained.
`
`Coordinating different organizations at the scene of a
`disaster presents several problems as there are voice and
`digital data (text messages) communications that need to be
`constantly occurring up and down the chain of command. As
`an example, communications are required from a police
`chief to a police captain to a police lieutenant to a police
`sergeant to a policeman and then back up the same chain of
`command. Digital data exchange of GPS data or other means
`provides the location component of the units. Digital chat,
`text messages, white boards and photo video exchange
`provide extensive collaboration. However, during a disaster,
`other first responders such as fire departments must become
`engaged. While the fire department users may have voice
`and digital data (text messages) communications up and
`down their chain of command, these individuals do not have
`the ability to cross communicate necessarily with police
`units without a substantial degree of immediate coordina-
`tion. The method and system in accordance with the present
`invention described herein discloses how digital communi-
`cations along with Personal Computer
`(PC) and PDA
`devices can be used to quickly establish user specific pass-
`word protected private ad hoc voice and data networks to
`enable both data and voice communications up and down
`their chain of command and simultaneously with different,
`not pre-known, organizations responding to a disaster. The
`invention defines a method of accomplishing this by pro-
`viding all personnel that need to communicate with each
`other with a PC or PDA which are interconnected to a Server
`
`using cellular or other communications.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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`Applicant’s communication system and method described
`herein is embodied in the Advanced Communication Soft-
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`ware (ACS) application programs developed by applicant
`and installed in the integrated PDA/GPS cell phones used
`herein and remote Servers.
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`A plurality of Internet Protocol (IP) capable PDA/GPS
`devices each having ACS application programs and data-
`bases provides a communication network in conjunction
`with a remote Server that provides the ability to: a) establish
`an ad hoc network of devices so that the devices can either
`
`broadcast to a group or selectively transmit to each of the
`other; each PDA/GPS phone starts by requesting access to
`the Server and identifying a mutually agreed to network
`name and password and once granted, reports its GPS
`position and status; the Server then routes the data to all
`signed on network participants so that each of the devices
`
`
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`3
`exchange location, status and other information; (b) force
`the received information to the recipient’s display and
`enable the recipient to acquire additional information by
`touching the display screen at a remote phone’s location on
`the PDA display; (c) make calls to or send data to remote
`phones by touching their display symbols and selecting the
`appropriate soft switch; (d) layer a sufficient number of soft
`switches or buttons on the PDA display to perform the above
`functions without overlaying the map; and (e) allow a
`polling mode in each cell phone that permits a user to
`contact other cell phone users that have a common interest
`or relationship with a password and identifier for commu-
`nication and to establish quickly a temporary ad hoc network
`especially in an emergency.
`A communication Server acts as a forwarder for IP
`
`communications between any combination of cell phone/
`PDA users and/or PC based users. Network participant
`location, identity and status messages are sent to the Server
`by each user. Network participant entered tracks are also
`sent to the Server. Because this network participant location
`and track data is of interest to all the network participants,
`the Server forwards the data received from one participant to
`all other participants, causing their displays automatically,
`without any operator action, to display the received infor-
`mation,
`thus providing the information necessary for all
`network participants to know the identity, location and status
`of all other network participants.
`The Server also acts as a forwarder of data addressed from
`
`one participant to one or more addressed participants, thus
`permitting the transmission of free text, preformatted mes-
`sages, photographs, video, Email and Uniform Resource
`Locator (URL) data from one network participant to other
`selected network participants.
`The above functions can also be accomplished using peer
`to peer WiFi, WiMax or other peer to peer communications.
`However,
`for use with cellular communications and to
`assure the level of security that cell phone companies
`require, a centralized static IP routable Server is used.
`The IP Server also fills another role of being a database
`from which data can be requested by network participants
`(i.e. maps, satellite images, and the like) or can be pushed to
`network participants
`(i.e.
`symbology and soft
`switch
`changes, and the like). The Server is used to establish an ad
`hoc network within certain groups using an ad hoc event
`name and password.
`This invention provides a method and a system establish-
`ing an ad hoc password protected digital and voice network
`that can be temporarily set up or longer lasting in nature. The
`invention described herein allows users to rapidly coordinate
`their activities without having to pre-enter data into a web or
`identify others by name, E mail addresses or phone numbers.
`Essentially the users that establish the ad hoc and password
`protected digital and voice networks are required to enter the
`Server’s IP address and an ad hoc event name and a
`
`password. In the case of military and first responders, the
`name of the user’s unit may also be used. This action causes
`the specific PDA or PC of the user to commence reporting
`directly to the Server’s IP address. Once the Server receives
`the initial IP message from the user’s PDA or PC, the server
`can commence to exchange data with the user’s PDA or PC.
`The initial IP message may also contain additional data such
`as a license number and, if desired, a phone number manu-
`ally entered or automatically acquired by the ACS. The IP
`address of the PDA and PC unit sending the initial IP
`message is stored by the Server. The Server then responds
`with a message notifying the user that his PC/PDA is
`connected to the Server. The user PDA/PC then reports its
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`GPS location and other status information directly to the
`Server. This information is retained by the Server even when
`there are no other devices initially communicating with the
`Server. When the other user’s devices sign on to the Server
`with the same ad hoc event name and password, the Server
`software then recognizes all the users and stores their IP
`addresses in the Server. Thus the Server has all the users IP
`
`addresses stored and can pass location and status informa-
`tion among the ad hoc network participants even though the
`network participants have not entered other network partici-
`pants’ names, phone numbers or email addresses. Thus one
`of the purposes of the invention is to allow an ad hoc
`network to be formed on a temporary basis in a rapid
`manner.
`
`When using the PTT feature, the ACS can enable the
`network participant to: l. PTT with all that are in the ad hoc
`digital network, or 2. PTT with select specific network
`participants, by touching their symbol(s) and then selecting
`PTT soft switch or 3. Specify a group of the network
`participants by assigning their symbols or unit names to a list
`of network participants and then associating the list with a
`soft switch whose function is to enable the operator to have
`PTT communications with all in the list.
`
`Since only one person is transmitting on a PTT voice
`network at any given time, the receiving network partici-
`pant’s ACS can relate the PTT IP address to the IP address
`of the unit transmitting his identification on the digital ad
`hoc network. This information can then be used by the other
`PTT networked participant’s AC8 to: 1. flash the transmit-
`ting unit’s name on their PDA/PC screens or 2. if a photo-
`graph has been attached to the ad hoc digital network symbol
`of the PTT transmitting person, to flash that photograph on
`the receiving unit’s PDA/PC display.
`It is an object of this invention to enable each participant
`in the communication network to join other ad hoc network
`participants to form an ad hoc digital and voice network with
`other cell phone users rapidly for coordinating member
`activities.
`
`In accordance with these and other objects which will
`become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now
`be described with particular reference to the accompanying
`drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 shows a front plan view of a cellular phone/PDA/
`GPS having a touch screen.
`FIG. 2 shows the screen IP address entry menu.
`FIG. 3 shows ad hoc net names and password screen entry
`name.
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`FIG. 4 shows a screen entry identifying user.
`FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of the network as users sign on
`to the network.
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`FIG. 6 shows a flow chart that depicts how a group
`commander can command networked PDAs/PCS and radios
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`to load a Push To Talk (PTT) channel.
`FIG. 7 shows a flow chart that depicts how networked
`radio units respond to receipt of the Push-to-Talk (PTT)
`Commanded Channel.
`
`FIG. 8 shows a PDA screen geographical display that
`represents the area covered by the network.
`FIG. 9 shows a diagram that enables determining location,
`status, ViOP, PTT, and video communication between radios
`and cell phones.
`
`
`
`US 9,445,251 B2
`
`5
`FIG. 10 shows a diagram that describes enabling non
`RFID equipped PDA phones to receive RFID tag data.
`
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`A method and communication system that joins a com-
`munications network of participants using handheld cell
`phones having integrated PDA and GPS circuitry with ACS
`application programs that allow a participant having an ACS
`equipped cell phone to provide an ad hoc and password
`protected digital and voice network.
`A communication Server acts as a forwarder for IP
`
`communications between any combination of cell phone/
`PDA users and/or PC based user. Network participant loca-
`tion, identity and status messages are sent to the Server by
`each user. Network participant entered tracks are also sent to
`the Server. Because this data is of interest to all the network
`
`participants, the Server forwards the data received from one
`participant to all other participants, thus providing the infor-
`mation necessary for all network participants to know the
`identity, location and status of all other network participants.
`The Server allows the set up of the ad hoc network with
`an ad hoc event name and a password.
`The Server also acts as a forwarder of data addressed from
`
`one participant to one or more addressed participants, thus
`permitting the transmission of free text, preformatted mes-
`sages, photographs, video, email and URL data from one
`network participant to other selected network participants.
`Referring now to the drawings and, in particular, to FIG.
`1, a small handheld cellular phone 10 is shown that includes
`a PDA and a GPS communications device integrated in
`housing 12 that
`includes an on/olf power switch 19, a
`microphone 38, and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display
`16 that is also a touch screen system. The small area 1611 is
`the navigation bar that depicts the telephone, GPS and other
`status data and the active software. Each cell phone includes
`a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and databases that store
`information useful in the communication network. The CPU
`
`also includes a symbol generator for creating touch screen
`display symbols discussed herein. With the touch screen 16,
`the screen symbols are entered through GPS inputs or by the
`operator using a stylus 14 (or operator finger) by manipu-
`latively directing the stylus 14 to literally touch display 16.
`The soft switches 16d displayed on the display 16 are
`likewise activated by using a stylus 14 and physically and
`manipulatively directing the stylus to literally touch display
`16. The display x, y coordinates of the touched point are
`known by a CPU in the PDA section of the communication
`system in housing 12 that can coordinate various informa-
`tion contained in the PDA relative to the x, y coordinate
`position on the display 16. Inside housing 12 is contained the
`conventional cellular phone elements including a modem, a
`CPU for use with a PDA and associated circuitry connected
`to speaker 24 and microphone 38. A GPS navigational
`receiver that receives signals from satellites that can deter-
`mine the latitude and longitude of the cellular phone housing
`12 can be internal or external to the housing 12. Conven-
`tional PDA/cellular phones are currently on sale and sold as
`a unit (or with an external connected GPS) that can be used
`for cellular telephone calls and sending cellular Short Mes-
`sage Service (SMS) and Transmission Control Protocol
`(TCP) TCP/IP or other messages using the PDA’s display 16
`and computer CPU. The GPS system including a receiver in
`housing 12 is capable of determining the latitude and
`longitude and through SMS, TCP/IP, WiFi or other digital
`messaging software, to also transmit this latitude and lon-
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`gitude information of housing 12 to other cellular phones in
`the communication network via cellular communications,
`WiFi or radio. The device 10 includes a pair of cellular
`phone hardware activating buttons 20 to turn the cellular
`phone on and 22 to turn the cellular phone of. Navigation
`pad actuator 18 is similar to a joy or force stick in that the
`actuator 18 manually provides movement commands that
`can be used by the PDA’s software to move a cursor on
`display 16. Switches 26 and 28 are designed to quickly
`select an operator specified network software program.
`Speaker 24 and microphone 38 are used for audio messages.
`Switch 19 at the top left of device 10 is the power on and
`power off switch for the entire device.
`The heart of the invention lies in the applicant’s ACS
`application programs provided in the device. The ACS
`programs are activated by clicking on an icon on the display
`to turn the ACS programs on or off. Mounted within housing
`12 as part of the PDA is the display 16 and the CPU. The
`internal CPU includes databases and software application
`programs that provide for a geographical map and georef-
`erenced entities that are shown as display portion 16b that
`includes as part of the display various areas of in