throbber
United States Patent [19J
`Richardson et al.
`
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US005976083A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,976,083
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`[54] PORTABLE AEROBIC FITNESS MONITOR
`FOR WALKING AND RUNNING
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: J. Jeffrey Richardson, Boulder; Ted D.
`Wade, Littleton, both of Colo.
`
`[73] Assignee: Living Systems, Inc., Boulder, Colo.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 08/902,748
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Jul. 30, 1997
`
`Int. Cl.6
`........................................................ A61B 5/02
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl. .......................... 600/300; 600/481; 600/587;
`482/8; 482/901
`[58] Field of Search ..................................... 600/500, 502,
`600/520, 587, 592, 595; 482/3, 4, 8, 9,
`900, 901, 300, 481
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,192,000
`4,434,801
`4,566,461
`4,757,453
`4,771,394
`4,830,021
`4,867,442
`5,117,444
`5,314,389
`5,435,315
`5,485,402
`5,524,637
`
`3/1980 Lipsey ......................................... 482/8
`3/1984 Jiminez et al.
`......................... 600/502
`1/1986 Lubell et al.
`........................... 600/481
`7/1988 Nasiff ...................................... 364/415
`9/1988 Cavanagh ................................ 364/561
`5/1989 Thornton ................................. 600/520
`9/1989 Matthews .................................... 482/8
`5/1992 Sutton et al.
`.......................... 377/24.2
`5/1994 Dolan .......................................... 482/3
`7/1995 McPhee et al. ......................... 600/502
`1/1996 Smith et al.
`............................ 364/566
`6/1996 Erickson ................................. 600/592
`
`Primary Examiner-Cary O'Connor
`Assistant Examiner-Charles Marmer, II
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jay R Beyer; Stephen C Sheer
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A personal fitness monitoring device and a method for
`assessing the fitness of an individual as the individual
`exercises includes using a pedometer to determine and
`output data representing the locomotion of the individual. A
`heart rate monitor determines and outputs data representing
`the heart rate of the individual. A determination arrangement
`calculates the fitness of the individual as the individual
`exercises using personal data provided by the individual in
`combination with the data outputs of the pedometer and the
`heart rate without requiring a predetermined exercise
`regime. In one embodiment, the pedometer calculates a
`distance traveled by the individual using personal data
`provided by the individual. The personal fitness monitoring
`device may further include a user interface for communi(cid:173)
`cating with the user. The user interface uses a single user
`controlled selecting mechanism to select a desired one of
`various user selectable options. The single user controlled
`selecting mechanism is arranged such that the user selects
`the desired option by actuating the selecting mechanism
`during or immediately following the time during which the
`desired option is being presented by the user interface. The
`personal fitness monitoring device may also include a pre(cid:173)
`dicting arrangement for tracking and predicting the fitness of
`the individual.
`
`23 Claims, 14 Drawing Sheets
`
`096
`
`090
`
`092
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 1 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`HEART RATE
`INDICATION 009
`
`I -
`
`-
`
`£JTNESS_M_Q_N_!_!OR ~OJ_ ~- -
`
`-
`
`l
`/
`
`PERSONAL DATA 005
`
`. - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - ,
`
`019
`FITNESS
`PREDICTION
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`/
`I
`BODILY
`I
`017
`MOVEMENT
`015
`FITNESS
`I
`007
`-~--~PEDOMETER t----+-~ ASSESSMENT
`I
`ARRANGEMENT
`I
`I
`I AUDIO
`AUDIO
`/
`I
`/ OUTPUT
`023
`021 MESSAGES 024
`USER
`SELECTING ACTIONS 011
`I 003
`-----+---~~ INTERFACE
`AUDIO
`OUTPUT..-------+-------=-
`AUXILIARY AUDIO 013
`------+---'-----------~SWITCH
`\ _______________ ~
`I
`FIG. 1
`
`-----
`
`027
`STEP PARAMETER
`ASSIGNMENT
`MODULE
`
`-
`
`I
`
`BODILY
`MOVEMENT 007~
`I
`
`PEDOMETER 015 ~
`,---------~ - - - - - - - - - 1
`I
`I
`030
`-
`I
`I
`GAIT
`I
`MODEL
`PERSONAL /
`I
`DATA 005~
`I
`I
`I
`LOCOMOTION
`031
`PARAMETERS
`I
`01s,
`I REAL-TIME
`CLOCK
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`-
`
`029
`-
`PEDOMETER
`STORAGE
`ARRANGEMENT
`t
`
`025
`ACCELEROMETER
`SUBSYSTEM
`
`FIG.2
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 2 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`USER INTERFACE 021~
`, - - - - - - - - - -L - - - - - -1
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I CURRENT
`OPTION
`037 PRESENTATIO
`N
`-
`I 047\
`- RECITATION
`I
`MECHANISM
`
`I
`CURRENT STATE 049~
`I
`TRIGGER SIGNAL 051 ~
`I
`SELECTING ~
`ACTION 11a
`
`1
`I
`
`I
`SELECTING
`ACTION 11b ~
`I
`I
`SELECTING • ~
`ACTION 11 c I
`I
`I
`
`~
`033
`-
`
`035
`-
`MENU
`STORAGE
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`CURRENT
`OPTION
`DESIGNATION
`045~
`
`ll
`
`SELECTION -
`
`0390
`-
`
`TRANSDUCER
`
`039b
`-
`SELECTION
`TRANSDUCER
`
`r---
`
`SELECTING
`MECHANISM
`
`039c
`-
`SELECTION ~
`TRANSDUCER
`
`I
`I
`
`- -,
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I AUDIO
`! OUTPUT
`' 003
`
`061
`
`FIG.3
`
`AUDIO OUTPUT SWITCH 023 \
`I -
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`I
`I
`
`060
`
`i
`
`-
`
`FADER
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`DEVICE
`
`AUXILIARY
`AUDIO 013
`
`AUDIO
`MESSAGES 024
`
`INTERRUPT
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 059
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`L
`
`-
`
`-- -
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`F/G.4
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`- _I
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 3 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 3 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`FITNESS ASSESSMENT ARRANGEMENT 017~
`1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I
`070
`I
`-
`I
`I
`
`PRIOR FITNESS -
`STORAGE
`ARRANGEMENT
`l
`
`069
`-
`
`LOCOMOTION
`PARAMETERS 016"'
`
`065
`-
`
`EXERTION
`MEASURING
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`----
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`FITNESS
`PERSONAL DATA 0051.
`ASSESSMENT
`071.1..
`I
`I
`I
`HEART RATE
`I
`-
`INDICATION 009 t_
`I
`HEART BEAT
`I
`I
`SUBSYSTEM
`l ________________ J
`FIG.5
`
`FITNESS
`DETERMINATION
`
`067 ---- ARRANGEMENT
`
`TIME TO NEXT ZONE 082
`i
`FITNESS
`STORAGE
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`\
`
`075
`
`-
`
`073
`-
`
`FITNESS PREDICTION ARRANGEMENT 0191
`1---------------~~
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`FITNESS
`I
`I
`ASSESSMENT 071~
`I
`I
`FITNESS
`I
`PREDICTION
`081 \_I
`I
`I
`I
`- _I
`
`I
`
`PERSONAL DATA 005~
`I
`I
`I
`L _
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`FITNESS
`PREDICTION
`MODULE
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`FIG.6
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 4 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 4 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`094
`
`096
`
`--(cid:173)
`
`/,.-
`
`,,,,,,.
`
`,.(cid:173)
`
`/
`
`/
`
`/
`
`/
`
`I
`I
`/
`
`I
`
`090
`
`001
`
`) ~
`
`092
`
`FIG.7
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 5 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 5 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`,---1
`I
`I
`I
`I - - -
`..t
`I
`/ I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`\
`I
`I
`\
`\
`
`~\\\~,
`~
`
`N
`(j)
`0
`
`N
`0
`
`tO
`0
`.......
`/
`/I
`---~
`
`0
`
`CXJ
`0
`.......
`
`--·-·
`
`0
`(j)
`0
`
`......
`
`tO
`0
`.......
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 6 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`.... = 00
`
`~
`
`0--,
`.....::.
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`'"""'
`.i;;..
`0 .....,
`O'I
`~ .....
`'Jl =(cid:173)~
`
`\C
`\C
`'"""'
`\C
`~N
`~
`0
`z
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\JJ.
`d •
`
`POWER
`
`1
`I
`/
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`1 SUBSYSTEM
`: PROCESSOR
`I
`I
`
`144
`
`1 SUBSYSTEM
`-1 AU DI 0
`
`42
`
`1
`
`:
`I
`
`1~8 ~~
`I I : I
`
`~ : ur 1
`
`I
`:
`I
`1
`I
`:
`-------------------1
`___ ---------'-________ J
`CONTROLS 104 LE--
`:
`I
`
`-
`
`VOLUME
`
`1
`
`-
`
`REAL-TIME CLOCK
`
`031
`
`-
`
`1
`
`-
`
`023
`SWITCH
`
`AUDIO OUTPUT
`
`I
`I
`:
`I
`I
`
`1
`
`~J1 DECODER
`SPEECH
`
`AUDIO AMPLIFIER t-
`1 ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ~:::::::::::: ,--
`I EARPHONE 0941
`
`I
`I
`
`-I I
`
`I
`
`f
`
`FIG.9
`
`-----
`I
`
`I
`: I WAKE-UP CIRCUITRY 136
`
`-
`
`BUTTON I
`
`0
`
`I
`I
`
`___________________________________ :
`I DC TO ~c CONVERTER 140 1 I
`~ :
`IJ;
`I BATTERY 138
`I! ! ( 146
`-------------------, : SUBSYSTEM
`_:====--------,_ _________ _,
`
`-
`
`I
`I
`1
`:
`I
`
`-PROGRAM ROM
`
`132
`
`-
`
`130
`
`SPEECH ROM1 ~1
`
`~
`
`MICROP~g{ESSOR -
`
`I
`
`-
`
`-
`
`126
`NVRAM
`I ~
`I
`I
`I
`!
`
`-
`
`124
`RAM
`
`I
`J
`
`I
`
`:
`1----------------------------
`
`___________ J ~ 1
`: CONTROL LL
`
`:
`I
`I
`I
`/
`r----------~
`
`T
`106
`
`-
`
`I
`I
`I
`
`-
`
`SOCKET 108
`EXTERNAL AUDIO
`
`~ / CHEST ELECTRODES
`
`L ___________ I
`I
`I
`I PROCESSOR 116
`1
`BEAT0 AMPLIFIER/ PULSE
`HEART
`
`1-:/~~~:v;R~E~-:
`
`-
`
`I
`I
`:
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`:
`I
`I
`I
`I CONDITIONER 120
`
`122
`
`ACCELEROMETER
`
`1
`
`-
`
`I ~ SIGNAL
`:
`I
`118
`
`-
`
`:
`
`:
`I
`:
`I
`I
`:
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`
`I
`1
`
`/
`
`:
`1
`
`025
`
`SUBSYSTEM
`
`ACCELEROMETER
`
`SUBSYSTEM
`
`067
`
`I
`:
`
`I
`
`HOUSING
`SYSTEM
`
`092
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 7 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`.... = 00
`
`~
`
`0--,
`.....::.
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`'"""'
`.i;;..
`0 .....,
`-..J
`~ .....
`'Jl =(cid:173)~
`
`\C
`\C
`'"""'
`\C
`~N
`~
`0
`z
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\JJ.
`d •
`
`FIG. 10
`
`USER db 166
`
`SUMMARY
`
`186
`
`DAY
`
`SUMMARY
`
`186
`
`DAY
`
`SUMMARY
`SESSION
`
`184
`
`PROCESS
`SUMMARY
`LONGTERM
`
`MAKE
`
`164
`
`SUMMARIZE
`
`PROCESS
`
`160
`
`DAY
`
`SUMMARY
`
`186
`
`DAY
`
`SUMMARIES
`
`SPAN
`
`188
`
`VOCABULARY db 164
`
`PERSONAL DATA 005
`CONFIGURATION 182,
`
`SYSTEM
`
`SUMMARY
`SESSION
`
`184
`
`SUMMATIONS 180
`
`STATUS 178,
`
`SESSION
`
`STEP
`
`SUMMARIZE
`
`PROCESS
`SESSION
`
`158
`
`STATUS
`SESSION
`
`178
`
`TRIGGER
`ALARM
`
`1 76,
`
`PROCESS
`STATUS
`
`USER
`TRACK
`
`/
`
`156
`
`STATISTICS
`
`STEP
`
`190
`
`HEART BEAT 170
`ACCELERATION 168,
`
`PROCESS
`SENSORS
`MONITOR
`·-..._""
`/".
`
`154
`
`t
`
`PROCESS
`EAR MENU
`
`152
`
`REPORTS 172
`
`PRESENTATION 047,
`CURRENT OPTION
`
`u?loR ~· . _____ SELECT6~~ ACTION
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 8 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 8 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`BEGIN PROGRAM
`
`YES
`
`SUMMARIZE
`DAY PROCESS
`160
`
`IS
`BUTTON
`PRESSED FOR
`FIRST TIME
`
`LONG PAUSE
`IN
`LOCOMOTION
`
`ADD Q STATES:
`'MAIN PERSONAL NOT'
`
`USER SELECTS
`"END SESSION"
`
`START
`MONITOR SENSORS
`PROCESS 154
`
`STATE/MENU
`LOOP 192
`
`STOP MONITOR
`SENSORS
`PROCESS 154
`
`BUTTON IS
`PRESSED WHILE
`STATE QUEUE
`EMPTY
`
`LOCOMOTION
`STARTS?
`
`SUMMARIZE
`SESSION
`PROCESS 158
`
`ADD Q STATES:
`'STOP RESULTS'
`'STOP GOODBYE'
`
`ADD Q STATES:
`'MAIN START'
`
`>-----
`
`YES
`
`START TRACK
`USER STATUS
`PROCESS 156
`
`FRONT STATE=
`'STOP GOOD BYE'
`
`ADD Q STATES:
`'MAIN SNAPSHOTS'
`
`STATE/MENU
`LOOP 192
`
`END
`PROGRA~
`
`FIG. 11
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 9 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 9 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`154 ~
`
`SAMPLE
`TIMER
`INTERRUPT
`194
`
`SESSION END
`MESSAGE
`
`BEGIN
`
`STOP
`BACKGROUND t - - - - - - - - f
`SCAN A(B)
`
`START
`BACKGROUND
`SCAN B(A)
`
`DETECT FOOTFALLS AND
`ADD SUMMARIZED STEPS
`TO STEP QUEUE
`
`USE RAW SAMPLES FROM
`A(B) TO COMPUTE MOVING
`AVERAGE ACCELERATION
`
`DETECT HEART BEATS
`AND ADD TO BEAT QUEUE
`
`NO
`
`REPORT
`LOCOMOTION STARTS
`TO EAR MENU
`-------1
`PROCESS 152
`
`DEQUEUE UNREPORTED
`STEPS AS STEP _STATISTICS
`
`REPORT ONGOING REST
`PERIOD AS STEP
`STATISTICS 190
`
`FIG. 12
`
`ADD Q STATES:
`'LONG PAUSE'
`
`STATE/MENU
`LOOP 192
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 10 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 10 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`DETECTING STEPS AS FOOTFALLS
`---ACCELERATION
`................... BASELINE (AVG)
`
`FOOTFALLS
`
`.···.
`
`...
`
`. .. ·
`
`4.0
`
`3.0
`
`00 c.o
`
`:z:
`0
`~ 2.0
`e::::
`LLJ
`_J
`LLJ
`(.)
`(.)
`<
`
`ELAPSED TIME
`IN SECONDS
`FIG. 13a
`
`COMPONENTS OF A STEP
`L3
`
`HEELSTRIKJ
`195
`
`TOE PUSH-OFF
`---197
`
`....
`
`RISEB
`198
`
`~- DUR---=-1
`202
`
`FIG. 13b
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 11 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`.... = 00
`
`~
`
`0--,
`.....::.
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`'"""'
`.i;;..
`'"""' 0 .....,
`'"""'
`~ .....
`'Jl =(cid:173)~
`
`\C
`\C
`'"""'
`\C
`~N
`~
`0
`z
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\JJ.
`d •
`
`15.28
`SPEED=
`
`12.56
`SPEED=
`
`10.03
`SPEED=
`
`13.29
`SPEED=
`
`11.22
`SPEED=
`
`10.81
`SPEED=
`
`8.558
`SPEED=
`
`11.94
`SPEED=
`
`8.951
`SPEED=
`
`13.04
`SPEED= 1 ·
`YES
`
`9.818
`SPEED=
`
`FIG. 14
`
`5.35
`SPEED=
`YES
`
`3.581
`SPEED=
`
`4.706
`SPEED=
`
`7.764
`SPEED=
`
`5.485
`6.57
`SPEED= 11 SPEED=
`
`030~
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 12 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`1192
`
`BEGIN
`
`DEQUEUE
`RELATED STATES
`
`EXECUTE CURRENT
`STATE 049
`
`CURRENT STATE
`049=
`CURRENT OPTION
`DESIGNATION 045
`
`DEQUEUE
`STATE
`
`END
`
`NO
`
`BEGIN FRONT UTTERANCE-----.
`
`STOP
`UTTERANCE
`
`BUTTON IS PRESSED
`WHILE UTTERANCE
`ONGOING OR BEFORE
`NEXT UTTERANCE
`
`UTTERANCES
`FINISHED
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`FIG. 15
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 13 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`.... = 00
`
`~
`
`0--,
`.....::.
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`'"""'
`.i;;..
`0 .....,
`'"""' ~
`~ .....
`'Jl =(cid:173)~
`
`\C
`\C
`'"""'
`\C
`~N
`~
`0
`z
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\JJ.
`d •
`
`"SELECT AN ITEM TO SET"
`PERSONAL DROPTHRU:
`
`"PERSONAL DATA?"
`OTHER PERSONAL:
`
`"ALARMS?"
`
`OTHER ALARMS:
`
`"REPORTS?"
`
`OTHER REPORTS:
`
`"WEIGHT IS 170 LBS"
`PERSONAL WEIGHT:
`
`hl"YOUR PREFERENCES?"
`OTHER PREFERENCES:
`
`hi "PERSONAL DATA?"
`OTHER PERSONAL:
`
`"ALARMS?"
`
`OTHER ALARMS:
`
`"HEIGHT NEEDS TO BE SET ... "
`
`PERSONAL HEIGHT:
`
`"LEG LENGTH IS 32 IN."
`
`PERSONAL LEGLEN:
`
`II AGE IS 45 YEARS"
`
`PERSONAL AGE:
`
`"REPEAT CHOICES?"
`OTHER PERSONAL:
`
`~
`
`~"YOUR PREFERENCES?"
`OTHER PREFERENCES:
`
`"PERSONAL DATA?"
`OTHER PERSONAL:
`
`";\
`
`"YOUR PREFERENCES?"
`OTHER PREFERENCES:
`
`BUTTON PRESS
`
`QUEUE FRONT
`
`"UTTERANCE"
`STATE:
`191=
`STATE QUEUE
`
`QUEUE REAR
`
`ITEM TO SET"
`
`I "SELECT AN
`
`X--------
`
`FIG. 16
`
`TIME
`
`DESIGNATION 045
`CURRENT OPTION------------------------------------OTHER PERSONAL-(cid:173)
`
`"PERSONAL DATA?"
`
`I
`
`"ALARMS?"
`
`11
`
`"REPORTS?"
`
`UTTERANCES I
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 14 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 2, 1999
`
`Sheet 14 of 14
`
`5,976,083
`
`HEART RATE (HR) VS ENERGY EXPENDITURE (EE)
`PER STEP
`
`MAX HR
`227 1--~~~~~~~~~~
`0
`
`HEART
`RATE
`226
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`I
`BASAL EE
`
`ENERGY
`EXPENDITURE
`228
`
`I
`MAX EE 230=RAW FITNESS 232
`
`FITNESS TREND
`CURVE 229
`
`TODAY
`
`MAX EE
`230
`
`PREDICTED
`FITNESS 234
`PRESENT
`FITNESS 236
`
`I
`-100 DAYS
`
`I
`0
`TODAY
`
`+100 DAYS
`
`MAX EE OVER DAYS
`
`FIG. 1 7
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 15 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`5,976,083
`
`1
`PORTABLE AEROBIC FITNESS MONITOR
`FOR WALKING AND RUNNING
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates to personal fitness monitor(cid:173)
`ing devices. More specifically, the invention relates to a
`personal fitness monitoring device that may be worn by an
`individual while the individual is exercising. The fitness
`monitoring device monitors the aerobic fitness of the user as
`the user exercises and provides the user with information
`about the current exercise session, an assessment of the
`user's current fitness level, and a prediction of the user's
`future fitness.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`A personal fitness monitoring device and a method for
`assessing the fitness of an individual as the individual
`exercises is herein disclosed. The fitness monitoring device
`includes a pedometer for determining and outputting data
`representing the locomotion of the individual. A heart rate
`monitor determines and outputs data representing the heart
`rate of the individual. A determination arrangement calcu(cid:173)
`lates the fitness of the individual as the individual exercises
`using personal data provided by the individual in combina(cid:173)
`tion with the data outputs of the pedometer and the heart rate
`monitor without requiring a predetermined exercise regime.
`In one embodiment, the pedometer of the personal fitness
`monitoring device includes an accelerometer for measuring
`and outputting data representing the vertical accelerations
`caused by each step of the individual as the individual is 30
`walking or running. A clock is used to segment the output of
`the accelerometer into a time series of data points repre(cid:173)
`senting the output of the accelerometer. A distance determi(cid:173)
`nation arrangement calculates a distance traveled by the
`individual using personal data provided by the individual in 35
`combination with the data outputs of the accelerometer and
`the clock.
`In another embodiment, the personal fitness monitoring
`device further includes a user interface for communicating
`with the user. The user interface includes menus having a
`plurality of various user selectable options available to the
`user for controlling the operation of the personal fitness
`monitoring device. The various user selectable options of the
`menus are successively presented to the user. A single user
`controlled selecting mechanism is used for selecting a 45
`desired one of the various user selectable options of the
`menus. The single user controlled selecting mechanism is
`arranged such that the user selects the desired option by
`actuating the selecting mechanism during or immediately
`following the time during which the desired option is being 50
`presented by the user interface.
`In one version of the above described embodiment, the
`arrangement for presenting the various user selectable
`options to the user is provided by an audio producing
`arrangement which presents the options to the user in the 55
`form of recorded or synthesized speech. This embodiment
`may further include an auxiliary audio fader arrangement.
`The audio fader arrangement has an auxiliary audio input
`connector for receiving an auxiliary audio input signal from
`an auxiliary audio device. A fader, which is controlled by the 60
`operation of the personal fitness monitoring device, connects
`the auxiliary audio input signal to an audio output device
`used by the user interface of the personal fitness monitoring
`device to present the user interface messages. The fader is
`configured to suppress the auxiliary audio input signal when 65
`the user interface of personal fitness monitoring device
`presents a message to the user.
`
`10
`
`2
`In another embodiment, the personal fitness monitoring
`device further includes a predicting arrangement for tracking
`and predicting the fitness of the individual. The predicting
`arrangement includes a memory arrangement for storing the
`5 data representing the fitness of the individual each time the
`individual exercises using the personal fitness monitoring
`device. A fitness projecting arrangement calculates a pro(cid:173)
`jected fitness of the individual. The fitness projecting
`arrangement uses the stored data representing the fitness of
`the individual each time the individual exercises using the
`personal fitness monitoring device to calculate the projected
`fitness of the individual.
`In another aspect of the invention, a pedometer and a
`method for calculating the distance traveled by an individual
`15 as the individual walks or runs is herein disclosed. The
`pedometer includes an accelerometer for measuring and
`outputting data representing the vertical accelerations of
`each step of an individual as the individual is walking or
`running. A clock is used to segment the output of the
`20 accelerometer into a time series of data points representing
`the output of the accelerometer. The pedometer also includes
`a determination arrangement for calculating a distance trav(cid:173)
`eled by the individual. The determination arrangement uses
`personal data provided by the individual in combination
`25 with the data outputs of the accelerometer and the clock to
`calculate the distance traveled.
`In another aspect of the invention, a user interface for use
`in a personal fitness monitoring device and a user interface
`method are herein disclosed. The user interface includes
`menus having a plurality of various user selectable options
`available to the user for controlling the operation of the
`personal fitness monitoring device. An audio producing
`arrangement is used to present the various user selectable
`options of the menus to the user in the form of recorded or
`synthesized speech. A single user controlled selecting
`mechanism is used to select a desired one of the various user
`selectable options of the menus. The single user controlled
`selecting mechanism is arranged such that the user selects
`the desired option by actuating the selecting mechanism
`40 during or immediately following the time during which the
`desired option is being presented in the form of recorded or
`synthesized speech.
`In another aspect of the invention, an auxiliary audio fader
`arrangement and method for use in a personal fitness moni(cid:173)
`toring device which includes an audio user interface for
`presenting user interface audio messages to a user in order
`to interface with the user is herein disclosed. An auxiliary
`audio input connector receives an auxiliary audio input
`signal from an auxiliary audio device. A fader, which is
`controlled by the operation of the personal fitness monitor(cid:173)
`ing device, connects the auxiliary audio input signal to an
`audio output device used by the audio user interface of the
`personal fitness monitoring device to present the user inter(cid:173)
`face audio messages. The fader is configured to suppress the
`auxiliary audio input signal when the audio user interface of
`personal fitness monitoring device presents an audio mes-
`sage to the user.
`And finally, in another aspect of the invention, a personal
`fitness monitoring device and method for tracking and
`predicting the fitness of an individual is herein disclosed.
`The fitness device includes an exertion determining arrange-
`ment for determining and outputting data representing the
`exertion of the individual as the individual is exercising. A
`heart rate monitor is used to determine and output data
`representing the heart rate of the individual. A fitness deter(cid:173)
`mination arrangement calculates and outputs data represent-
`ing the fitness of the individual as the individual exercises.
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 16 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`5,976,083
`
`3
`The determination arrangement uses personal data provided
`by the individual in combination with the data outputs of the
`exertion determining arrangement and the heart rate monitor
`to calculate the fitness of the individual. A memory arrange(cid:173)
`ment stores the data representing the fitness of the individual 5
`each time the individual exercises using the personal fitness
`monitoring device. A fitness projecting arrangement calcu(cid:173)
`lates a projected fitness of the individual. The fitness pro(cid:173)
`jecting arrangement uses the stored data representing the
`fitness of the individual each time the individual exercises 10
`using the personal fitness monitoring device to calculate the
`projected fitness of the individual.
`
`4
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a fitness monitor 001,
`designed in accordance with the invention. When worn on
`the human body while exercising on multiple occasions over
`the course of many days, fitness monitor 001 provides the
`user, as its primary output, an audio output 003. Audio
`output 003 may take the form of synthesized or digitized
`voice messages detailing the user's current exercise session,
`an assessment of the user's current level of fitness, and a
`prediction of the user's future fitness.
`Fitness monitor 001 takes as primary input certain user's
`personal data 005, an indication of the user's bodily move(cid:173)
`ment 007, an indication of the user's heart rate 009, any user
`selecting actions 011, and an auxiliary audio input 013, all
`15 of which will be described hereinafter. Fitness monitor 001
`has as constituent components a pedometer 015, a fitness
`assessment arrangement 017, a fitness prediction arrange(cid:173)
`ment 019, a user interface 021, and an audio output switch
`023, all of which will also be discussed hereinafter.
`Taking as inputs bodily movement 007 and personal data
`005, pedometer 015 produces a locomotion parameters
`signal 016 representing the users walking or running loco(cid:173)
`motion. Signal 016 indicates locomotion parameters asso(cid:173)
`ciated with each step that the user takes during an exercise
`25 session. The locomotion parameters include the gait,
`duration, speed, and distance of each step, and optionally,
`grade and terrain characteristics.
`The output signal 016 of pedometer 015 is taken as input
`to fitness assessment arrangement 017 which also takes as
`30 input heart rate indication 009 and personal data 005. The
`fitness assessment arrangement 017 then computes an esti(cid:173)
`mate of the user's current fitness, a measure of the aerobic
`capacity of the user. This output may be expressed in one of
`several common units of measure, including ml oxygen per
`35 minute and kilogram body weight, known as V0 2 , metabolic
`equivalents, known as METs, or any commonly used mea(cid:173)
`sure of indication of fitness, including qualitative measures
`such as "good" or "poor."
`The output of fitness assessment arrangement 017 is input
`40 to fitness prediction arrangement 019, which also takes as
`input personal data 005. The fitness prediction arrangement
`019 produces as output a signal that represents the rate of
`change and future trajectory of the user's aerobic fitness.
`This output is reported on demand to the user through
`45 suitable means according to the particular embodiment of
`the invention, for example as a text display or as pre(cid:173)
`recorded or synthesized speech. However, the format of the
`output is not a requirement of the invention and it may vary
`considerably.
`The fitness monitor 001 also includes a user interaction
`arrangement, user interface 021. User interface 021 provides
`a means for the user to communicate with fitness monitor
`001 by coordinating the timing of a selecting action 011 with
`the temporal period during which a choice is presented. User
`interface 021 provides as an output certain audio messages
`024.
`Finally, fitness monitor 001 includes audio output switch
`023 which takes as input both audio messages 024 of fitness
`monitor 001 and auxiliary audio 013 the user may wish to
`hear. The purpose of the audio output switch 023 is to permit
`users to attend to their desired auxiliary programming yet to
`also permit this programming to be interrupted or faded out
`in order that users can hear important messages initiated by
`fitness monitor 001. For example, users will be able to listen
`65 to a portable tape recorder or radio and to fitness monitor
`001 through the same set of earphones as will be described
`hereinafter.
`
`20
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`The features of the present invention may best be under(cid:173)
`stood by reference to the following description of the
`presently preferred embodiments together with the accom(cid:173)
`panying drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment
`of a personal fitness monitor in accordance with the present
`invention.
`FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment
`of a pedometer in accordance with the present invention.
`FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a user interface in
`accordance with the present invention.
`FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an audio fader
`arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
`FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a fitness assess(cid:173)
`ment arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
`FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a fitness prediction
`arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
`FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of another embodi(cid:173)
`ment of a personal fitness monitor device in accordance with
`the present invention showing how the device is worn by an
`individual.
`FIG. 8 is a perspective illustration of the personal fitness
`monitoring device of FIG. 7
`FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration showing various com(cid:173)
`ponents which make up the personal fitness monitoring
`device of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 10 is a data flow diagram illustrating the operation
`of the personal fitness monitoring device of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of an
`ear menu process of the personal fitness monitoring device
`of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a
`monitor sensors process of the personal fitness monitoring
`device of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 13a is diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment
`detailing how the personal fitness monitoring device of FIG.
`7 detects steps as footfalls.
`FIG. 13b is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodi(cid:173)
`ment detailing the different components of a step interpreted 55
`by the personal fitness monitoring device of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a
`gait model used by the personal fitness monitoring device of
`FIG. 7.
`FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a 60
`state/menu process used by the personal fitness monitoring
`device of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 16 is a time line illustrating the state/menu process
`illustrated in FIG. 15.
`FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment
`of how the personal fitness monitoring device of FIG. 7
`computes a fitness trend.
`
`50
`
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`Page 17 of 34
`
`Apple Ex. 1007
`
`

`

`5,976,083
`
`20
`
`5
`While fitness monitor 001 is described as being composed
`of pedometer 015, fitness assessment arrangement 017,
`fitness prediction arrangement 019, user interface 021, audio
`output switch 023, and inputs representing bodily movement
`007, personal data 005, heart rate indication 009, selecting
`actions 011, and auxiliary audio 013, the presence of all of
`these components is not essential to this invention, and the
`existence of certain additional components would be con(cid:173)
`sistent with the invention. For example, a non-audio version
`of fitness monitor 001 could be constructed without the
`requirement of audio output switch 023.
`A version of fitness monitor 001 comprised of any of its
`components alone would be a useful device, for example,
`pedometer 015 alone, or fitness prediction arrangement 019
`alone. Or several constituents could be present, while others 15
`are absent, for example, pedometer 015, fitness assessment
`arrangement 017, and fitness prediction arrangement 019
`would provide a useful fitness monitoring device employing
`some means of user interaction other than user interface 021
`as described herein. Similarly, pedometer 015 is not a
`requirement of the invention because other methods of
`detecting and reporting distance traveled, speed of traveling,
`or expended energy in general might be employed, such as
`global positioning systems or Doppler sound ranging tech(cid:173)
`niques. In a like manner, fitness prediction arrangement 019 25
`is not a requirement of the invention because the fitness
`monitoring function can be fully realized by computing and
`reporting the user's current fitness without regard to or need
`to predict the future trends in fitness.
`In summary, the constituent components of this invention 30
`can be assembled into numerous configurations by including
`some components and leaving others out. All such useful
`combinations would be consistent with the invention. On the
`other hand, the invention may be augmented with additional
`components without changing the nature of this invention. 35
`For example, the invention could include in its function(cid:173)
`ing access to sources of auditory programming, such as
`recorded audio, broadcasts, or digital text that could be
`translated to voice for presentation to the user. That is, the
`invention could include a component designed to provide 40
`the user with pager messages, email messages, and Internet
`information bulletins. Audio messages could also be used
`for encouragement, advice, and inspiration. A remote clin(cid:173)
`ic's computer could send fitness goals and a suggested
`exercise regimen to the fitness monitor 001, which could in 45
`turn report back on compliance with the regimen and fitness
`changes for review by clinic personnel.
`As another example of additional components, the fitness
`monitor 001, when combined with a personal digital assis(cid:173)
`tant scheduling program, could arrange times for the user to 50
`exercise. A home scale could supply body weight, which is
`needed by the fitness monitor 001 for many of its calcula(cid:173)
`tions. A kitchen appliance used for recipes, diet and menu
`planning could give an estimate of dietary fat, which the
`fitness monitor 001 could use in recommending fitness 55
`goals, and explaining fitness progress. The fitness monitor
`001 in turn could supply fitness and body weight to the
`dietary computer, which could use them to make dietary
`recommendations.
`While several examples have been cited of additional 60
`components to which the invention might be connected,
`these examples are only indicative of the range of inputs to
`and outputs from the invention described herein. Custom(cid:173)
`ized inputs for these components could be readily provided
`and/or user interface 021 could be designed to accommodate 65
`all of these components through one or more auxiliary
`inputs.
`
`6
`The principal advantage of the invention consistent with
`the embodiment as fitness mo

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket