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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
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`APPENDIX D
`
`U.S. Patent Nov. 20, 1990
`
`4,972,319
`Sheet 3 of9
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
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`lLS. Patent Nov. 20, 1990
`4,972,319
`Sheet 4 of 9
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`APPENDIX D
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
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`U.S. Patent Nov. 20, 1990
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`APPENDIX D
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`Page 4 of 160
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`APPENDIX D
`
`U.S. Patent Nov. 20, 1990 Sheet6 of9 4,972,319
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`Page 5 of 160
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

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`Nov. 20, 1990
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sheet7 of9 4,972,319
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`APPENDIX D
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`Page 6 of 160
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`Sheet 8 of 9 4,972,319
`U.S. Patent
`Nov. 20, 1990
`
`APPENDIX D
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`Page 7 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`4,972�19
`Nov. 20, 1990 Sheet9 of9
`
`APPENDIX D
`
`FIG.20
`
`
`lllUS1RATl� OF KlLAR COMPRESSION
`AT THE 8tn MAGNITUDE
`
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`
`Page 8 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`APPENDIX D
`
`1
`
`ELECTRON IC GLOBAL MAP G&.,.,.'ERATING
`SYSTEM
`
`4,972,319
`2
`
`
`
`spheres, on which the c,'Xlrdinate lines of latitude and
`longitude are all arcs of circles.
`U.S. Pat. No. 751,226, issued to Grinten on Feb, 2,
`
`
`
`
`
`1904. represents the whole world upon the plane sur-
`
`
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVE1''TION � face of a single circle with twice the diameter of the
`
`
`
`corresponding globe, the circle being delineated by a
`1.Technical
`Field
`
`
`
`
`graticule of coordinates otlatitude and longitude which
`Titis invention relates to a new variable resolution
`
`
`
`of circles. global map generating system for structuring digital are also arcs
`on May 3, to Schrader 806, issued marpin_g data in a new data base �tructlll'e, managing U.S. Pat, No, 3,248,
`
`
`
`
`
`data 11ccording to 10 1966, discloses a
`
`
`subdivision of the �rth into .a system
`
`
`wid controlling the digital mapping
`
`flat maps, each map ,;egment rep-new mapping data access strategies, and displaying the of pivotally mounted
`
`
`
`
`surface in spheri• mapping data in a new map projecticn of the earth. resenting only a portion of the earth's
`
`
`cal projection on an equilateral spherical tri:m.gle to
`
`2. Background Art
`Numerous approaches nave bee11 forwarded to pro• minimize dfatortion.
`vide improved geographical maps, for example: 15 U,S, Pat. No. 2,094,543,
`
`
`issued to Lackey et al on
`for optically pro-U.S. Pat. No, 4,315,747, issued to McBn·dc: on Fc:b. Sept. 28, 1937, descri� a projector
`
`
`
`
`including H,, 1982, describes a new map "projection-,' and inter• ducing a variety of different map projections,
`
`
`"gr ati-orthographic, stereographic and globular projections
`
`secting array of coordinate lines known as the
`
`
`
`
`other pro-.1ccnt screens and a variety of cu.le", which ii, a c-0mposite of two previously known onto flat trnnsh
`
`
`al por• 20 jections on shaped screens,
`
`
`forms of projection. [n particular, the equat;ri
`17, issued to Falk on Sept, 1, tions of the world a:re represented by a fusiform eqmll U.S. Pat. No. 2,650.5
`
`
`area proj�tion in which the meridian curves, if ex-1953, describes a photoguphic method for malcing ge()-
`tended, would meet at points at the respective poles, graphical maps.
`
`the polar 25 U.S. ;Pat. No. 2,35�, 785, issued to �oh! on Aug, 1,
`:ref':""ed to as "po inted poles". In contra.st.
`
`
`
`maps wluch a.re mouiited regions of the world map are represented by a flat polar 1944-, discloses two circular
`
`
`side by side, and an ammgcment for rotatins the twQ
`equal arc-a projection in which the pole, are depicted as
`
`
`
`maps in unison so that corresponding portions of the
`
`
`
`straig!:IJ horizontal lines with the meridians intersecting
`
`along it.,; length_ Thus, in a tlat polar projection the earth's surface are at all timesi in proper relationship.
`
`
`
`
`
`is.�ued to Jnspernon et al on curve3 converge toward the pole:; but do not 30 U.S- Pat. No. 3, 724;079,
`meridian
`
`Apr, 3, 1973, disclo.�s a navigational ch11n displa)' de--
`
`meet at a point aocl, insteM, intersect a. horizontal linear
`
`
`
`
`of a map and to display a portion pole. The two component porti0t1s of the fiat world vice which is adapted
`
`
`
`to plot. course§ and to map afe joined where the parallds are of equal length. en.able a pilot to fix his. position,
`
`measure distances-
`
`
`The composite ls &aid to be "homolinear" becaU!IC all of
`
`the meridian cu:tY� are similar curves, for eumple, 35 U.S. Pat, No. 2,431,847 issued
`to Van Dusen on Dec,
`
`
`
`in which a auangement, sine. cosine or tangent cun1es, whk.h merge, where the 2, 1947, discloses a projection
`
`
`or curved map may of a spherical two forms of projection are joined where the respective portion of the surface
`
`
`
`
`
`
`parallels are equal, The flat polar projection! in the be projected in e.uct scale and in exact proportional
`
`
`. polar portions of the map provide a t..---ompromise with relationship
`re--40 McBryde and Thomas, Equal Area Projections for
`
`
`the Mercator cylinder projections, thereby greatly
`
`ducing distortion,
`
`
`World Statislfc:.al Maps, S�ial Publication No, 245,
`1949. lLS. Pat. No. 1,0,0,596, issued to &con on Jan, 14, Coast & Geodetic Survey
`
`
`
`
`
`1913, de51..'Tibes another �omposite projection for w-orld
`fa addition to the above further teacbins-s as 1.o geo·
`
`maps and charts which uses a Mercator or cylindrical graphical rua.-pping can be found in the Elements of Car-
`
`
`
`
`
`projection for the central latitudes of the earth and a 45 tooroph,r, 4th edition which wa..-. written by Arthur Rob-
`
`
`by , and published Randall Sale w1d Joel Morrisonconvergent projection at the fe5pe<::tive poles. In the in.son,
`
`
`
`
`John Wiley & Sons (1978).
`
`central latitudes,. the grids of the Mercator projection
`
`
`seeks to provide a low cost and net or graticule are rectangular. In the polar regions, the The present invention
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`converging meridia.1'15 may be either straight or curve<!. efficient mapping system which allows the quick and
`
`to Balch on Dec, 14, 50 ea.,;y manipulation of and
`U.S. Pat. No 1,620,413. issued
`�cess to an extraordinary
`1926, discus.� gnomic pr�iection&
`from a conformal amount of mapping
`information, i.e.,
`a mapping
`system
`
`
`
`which allows a user to quickly and easily access a de-
`
`sphere to a tangent plane and Mercator or cylindrical
`projections from the conformal �phere to a tangent tailed
`
`
`map of any ·geographical area of the world,
`Balch is concerned with taking into account Map information
`
`can be stored using at least t.hree
`cylinder,
`
`the non.spherical shape of the earth, and therefore,
`
`
`
`and ss different approaches, J.e,, pa-per, analog storage
`
`
`digital storage, each approach having its own advan-
`
`devi.ses the so-called ''conformal sphere" which repre·
`
`
`
`as detailed belo-w. sent.s the coordinates from the earth whose shape is tages and disadvantages.
`
`
`
`actually that of a spheroid or ellipsoid of :revolution, The paper mapping approach has been around filnce
`
`papyrus and will probably e:t:ist for the next thousand
`
`without material distortion.
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 732,957, issued to Colas on Feb. 23, 60 yes.r.s.
`
`
`of paper storage: 1904, describes a map projection in which a map of the Advantages
`
`
`ve. entire wodd is plotted or lranscri� on an oval c;on· inexpensi
`
`required to structed from two adjacent side by side circles with arcs once printed, no further processing is
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`joining the two circles. The meridians are smooth access the map information. so not 5Ubject ti) processfo_g
`
`
`curves equally spaced at the equatof, while the latitude 65 breakdown.
`lines are non-parallel curves, Disadvant�s of paper storage:
`
`
`U.S. Pat. No. 400,642 issued to Beaumont on Apr. 2, can become bulky and unwieldy when dealing with a
`large geographical area, or a large amount of maps.
`1889, describes a map of the earth on two intersecting
`
`Page 9 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`APPENDIX D
`
`4,972,319
`4
`3
`have to
`is ,ha,, since frames
`the bigg�t disadvantage
`capabilitie:.
`or
`paper does no! have lhe proC"essing
`there is no way
`fashion,
`in a checkerboard
`be arranged
`and therefore does not
`of computers:,
`"intelligence"
`east or
`south,
`other that north,
`w jump m directions
`capabili•
`support automated search or data processing
`As an example, Hie
`west and maintain visua!
`continuity.
`ties.
`cird.c'' route
`a "great
`in viewing
`mtinuily
`disc.c
`cannot be updated cheaply illl-d easily. 5 visual
`from Alask11 to New York would be unbearable
`for a!I
`approach 1s
`The analog mapping
`used to provide
`but the most hearty,
`ro;.ips. The infor•
`!rn.owa as videodbc
`,_.,,fo1t is commonly
`has been around for at
`approach
`al mapping
`The digit
`under RT.S.C (National
`frames
`as still
`is stQred
`ruation
`20 years and is much more frequently used tkm the
`least
`collventions.
`To
`Committee)
`Standards
`Television
`in com­
`data bases are stc,red
`approach. D1gital
`analog
`paper 10
`camera moves acrn�s a
`make maps, a te"levision
`databases.
`to text of othe.t
`tt format similar
`puters in
`a frame is
`Every fow inches
`map lying on a workbench.
`the out�tanding
`on a videodisc,
`map information
`Unlike
`After l)ne row of the map is
`recorded on videotape.
`to be drawn,
`of object>
`as a list
`are stored
`map features
`recorded, the camera is moved down to the
`completely
`each object being defined by ;! plurality of vector
`"dot''
`This precess
`is re­
`next tow of frames to be recorded.
`15
`\vhkh define the crude
`of the ob­
`outline
`coordinate5
`pattern
`until frames repw.;enting a checkerboard
`peated
`a road is drawn by connecting
`a
`ject As one example,
`videotape
`map are recorded. The recorded
`of the entire
`the path (i,e.,
`to define
`of dots which were cho5en
`series
`a<..x:e.ss time tQ
`could be used to view the map: however,
`data and
`Once drawn, further
`of the road.
`foe "outline")
`map ls usually
`areas of the recorded
`scan to different
`()utliue
`of
`processing c;,;ll be used to smooth tlie .;;n.idic
`with its quicker
`ac-:m
`videodisc,
`As a result, a
`excessive.
`name or de,scription
`of
`place text, such as the
`the object,
`for analog
`Ill.led as the medium
`is typically
`cess tinle,
`\vhen
`in a manner similar to what happens
`the object
`is sent to a prn·
`videotape
`The recorded
`map storage.
`paper map,
`dra,ving on a
`out 8 inch or 12 inch
`which "stamps"
`ductior1 house
`approach:
`of the digital
`Advantages
`video&,cs.
`diameter,
`form of geographical
`map­
`maps are the purest
`digit:tl
`approach: "S
`of the ima.log storn.ge
`Adv:mta.ges
`ping data: from them, paper and anafog mi.ps can be
`hold 54.000 "·
`one side of a !2 inch videodisc can
`produced.
`"frames" of a. paper map. A fram,� is typically
`equal to
`in near
`and easily updated
`digital maps can be quickly
`2½ x 3 inches of the paper lllap.
`to data
`can be irt response
`and this updating
`real-time,
`access time to any frame can be fast usually under 5
`mouitor•
`gt.'◊grnphical
`(e.g.,
`sources
`input from external
`seconds.
`photography},
`such as satellite
`ing devices
`30
`analog
`the recorded
`videodisc,
`on the
`orice located
`to effect desirable
`modified
`easily
`maps can be
`digital
`v.'i!l be used to control the nt1ter scan
`mao information
`enhancing, ·
`snch as unduttering,
`mapping treatments
`of the map
`a reproduction
`and to produce
`<Jf; .monitor
`coloring,
`etc,
`of a second,
`in I/30th
`maps can be ea�ily and a.ccurately
`scaled, ro­
`digital
`mapping
`.�
`and ,oftware,
`hardware
`additional
`through
`v-iew point.
`spective
`tated and dra,vn at any per
`on top of ''
`cau he overlaid
`patterhsn
`symbols, text and/or
`maps in 3-D.
`maps can be caused to reproduce
`digital
`frame.
`the recorded
`ters (for easy paper
`digital maps can drive pen-plot
`stomge approach.:
`of the an11log
`Disadvantages
`reproductions), robot<1, etc,
`the "frames'' are photogmphed from paper map�,
`on any maM storage
`de•
`maps can he storc:d
`digital
`cheaply
`be updated
`cm:mot
`above,
`as mentionoo
`which,
`40
`vice.
`or easilv.
`a.ppr:oa.c
`h:
`of the digital
`Disadvantages
`camera
`mechanical
`due to paper map projections,
`of a digital
`or creation
`the use
`maps re.quire
`digital
`and analog recording elec­
`movements, lens distortions
`and expensive
`'tling
`is a very time-consu...
`database: this
`is not
`image which is reproduce:::d
`the v'ideodii;c
`trorrics,
`can be very
`made, the data base
`but once it is
`process_,
`paper map.
`as the original
`as accurate
`many different projects.
`nnd used for
`45 easily copied
`of t.he im.mcdiately above phenomena.
`as a reslllt
`approach is utlfo:ed \\'tth the present
`in·
`The digital
`which is e:<;:tracted
`inforniation
`and longitude
`latitude
`provides overwhelming
`ad•
`ventiot1, a.,; t.1lis approach
`image cannot be fully trusted..
`from the reproduced
`paper and imalog
`over the ahove-de�cribed
`vamages
`in recording ai1y one of the
`if a major error is made
`approaches
`and re-stntnp•
`50
`redoing
`.54,000 frame!!, it usually requires
`several features are
`system,
`any mapping
`1n designing
`ing,
`desirab
`le:
`highly
`most implementa•
`scrolled,
`since frames cannot be
`sys,cm
`be
`that the mapping
`it is highly desirable
`First,
`This allmvs
`the
`technique.
`tion.,; employ a 50% overlap
`of lmv cost,
`with a degree of
`viewer to jump around the databa!\e
`is acc...-ss time.
`and probably most importEint,
`Second,
`of stor- 55
`.rifice
`however, this
`is at a suc
`continuity:
`visual
`that the desired map
`Not only is it generally de,irahle
`c:overed
`2½ X 3
`If the frame originally
`age c;apacity.
`a reasonable
`within
`and displayed
`be accessible
`section
`inches of the paper
`approllimately
`8 square
`inches or
`lime is
`es, this access
`of time, t:mt in some instanc
`amollllt
`is 6 square
`information
`overlap
`map, the redundant
`critical,
`. leaving
`of new information
`incbes
`inches,
`ouly 2 square
`io the above, the present invention
`(as
`In addition
`of each frame.
`in the centmid
`seeks to provide a thi:rd importam
`above),
`60 mentioned
`above deticienc.y,
`a
`of the immediately
`as a result
`me rr..anipula•
`which allmv�
`system
`mapptt1g
`foature,-a
`864 square inches would
`containing
`2 X 3 foot map
`and ncces.<1 to an e:u.rnordinary amcm,'lt of map­
`tion of
`cmly 125 paper maps could be
`432 frames; thus,
`require
`, i.e., a mapping :1ystem which allows
`ping information
`a
`videodisc
`.
`st,1red ou 1me �ide <)fa 12 iucl-1
`map of any
`a detatled
`access
`user to quickly and easily
`dumps to make a 65
`must take hundred.,; of video screen
`area of the world.
`geographical
`and, even then, the
`hard copy of a map area of interest
`red. in nny attemp
`is encounte
`barrier
`A tremendous
`t
`because of
`together
`splice
`do not immediately
`screens
`the digital
`In utmz.ing
`mis third feature,
`to provide
`areas,
`the overlap
`area in detail
`approach to map a large geographical
`
`Page 10 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`APPENDIX D
`
`
`
`4,972,319
`
`6
`5
`agencii:'$. Prior art mapping systems have been dcficfont
`
`
`
`
`
`that {e.g,, the earth), one should be able to appreciate
`
`
`
`in this regard; hem�e, there still exists a need for such a
`
`the storage of mapping data sufficient to accurately
`mapping system.
`
`
`define all the geographical features would represent a
`tremendous data base.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`While there have bee n digiw mapping implementa,
`S
`
`
`
`The present invention provides a digital mapping
`
`tions which have -successfully oee-0 able to manipulate a
`
`method and sylitem of a unique implement.a.tion to sat�
`
`
`tremendous datll base, these impkm1:ntations in,·oh-e:
`
`isfy the aforementioned needs,
`
`
`
`tremendous cost (i.e., for the operation and maintenance
`
`The present il'lvention provides. a computer imple­
`
`
`
`of m�ve mainframe computer and data storage facili­
`
`mented method and system for manipulating and ac­
`
`
`ties), Furthermore, ,here is much room for improve-10
`
`
`cessing digital mappirig data in a tremendotu data base,
`mcnt in terms of acce$ time as these mainframe imple,
`
`
`
`and for the reproduction and display of electronic dis­
`
`
`mentations result in access times which are only as
`play maps which are .representative of the geographic.i.l,
`
`quick as 20 se<:onds. Tow, there still exists a need for a
`
`
`political and cultural feamres of a selected geographical
`low-cost
`digital mapping system which can allow the
`
`
`area. The system includes a digital computer, a mass
`
`
`
`storage, mani:p'11ation and quick (Le,, "real time") access IS
`
`and visual display of a desired map section from a tre­
`
`
`
`
`storage device {optical or magnetic), a graprucs moni­
`mendous mapPing data base.
`
`
`
`tor, a graphics controller, a pointing device, !luch as a
`
`
`There are several additional mapping system features
`
`
`
`mouse, and a unique approach for structuring, manag­
`whlch are attractive.
`
`
`
`ing, controlling and displaying the digital map dat.i.,
`
`It is highly derirable that a mapping system be sensi-20
`
`The global map generating system organizes the map•
`
`
`ping data into a hierarchy of successive magnitudes or
`
`tive to and compensate for distortions caused by map.­
`
`
`
`levels for presentation of the mapping data with. vari•
`
`
`ping curved geographkat {Le., earth} surfaces onto a
`flat, two--dimen-s:ional. representation. While prior art
`
`
`able resolution, starting from a first or highest magni­
`
`
`approaches have provided numerous methods with
`
`tude with lowest resolution and progressing to a last or
`
`
`lowest magnitude with highest resofotion, The idea of
`
`varying degrees of success, there is a need for further 25
`
`
`
`improvements which are particularly applicable to the
`this hie-.rarchical structure can be likened to a pyramid
`
`,,,ith fewer stones or "tiles" at the t<Jp, and whe.rn each
`
`
`digital mapping .system •Of the present in.vcntion.
`
`
`successive d�-ending horizontal level or magnitude
`
`
`It is additionally attractive for a mapping system to
`
`
`contains four times as many "tiles" as the level or mag•
`
`
`
`easily allow a user to change his/her "relative viewing
`
`
`rutude directly above k The top or first level of the
`
`
`
`
`position.", and that in changing this relative position, the JO
`
`
`pyramid contains 4 tiles, the second level contains 16
`
`change in the map display should reflect a feeling of
`
`
`
`continuity. Note that the "relative viewing position
`
`tiles, the third contaim 64 tiles and so 011, sud1 that the
`
`base of a 16 rnagnittide or level pyramid would contain
`.should be able to he changed in a nttmber of different
`4 to the 16th power or 4,294-,%7,296 tiles. ·nus tow
`
`should allow a use.r to ways, First, the mapping system
`
`
`
`selectively cause the map display to scroll or "fly" 1�
`
`includes "h}-perspace"' which is later clipped or ig­
`
`
`nored, Hyperspace is that excess imaginary space left
`
`dong the geographical map to view a different (Le.,
`
`over from mapping of 360 deg, space to a zero magni,
`
`
`"lateral") position of the goographical map while main­
`
`tude virtual or imaginary space of 512 deg, square.
`
`taining the same degree or resolution as the starting
`
`
`A firnt ohject of the present invention i.s to provide a
`
`
`position. Second, the mapping system �hould allow .a
`
`
`
`digital mapping method and s.ystem which are of low
`
`
`user to selectively vary the size of the geographiciu a:rea 40
`cost.
`
`
`
`
`being displayed (i.e., "zoom") while still maintw.ning an
`
`
`a use.r to appropriate degree of resolution, i.e., .allow
`A second and more important object of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`
`invention ls t.o provide a unique digital mapping method
`
`
`
`Je!ectively zoom to a higher ''relative viewing position"
`
`and sy5tem which allow ac.;;ess to a display of the goo•
`
`to view a larger geographical area with lower resolu•
`
`
`graphical, political and cultural feature, of a sele<.:ted
`
`
`
`tion regarding geographical, political and cultural char• 4�
`
`geographical area wlthin a minimum amount of time.
`
`acteristic:s, or zoom to a lower "relative viewing posi­
`object or the present invention
`A third
`
`is to provide a
`
`tion" to view a smaller geographical a.rea with higher
`
`
`
`digital mapping method and sys:tem whkh allow the
`
`resolution. {Note that maintaining the appropriate
`
`
`manipulation of and access to an extraordinary amount
`
`
`amount of resolution is impo-rtant to avoid map displays
`
`
`which are effective!)' b;:an:eri or are cluttered with geo- 50
`
`
`of mapping information, Le., a mapping method and
`
`graphical, political and C•ultll.ral
`
`system which allow a user 10 quickly and eMily accesi.
`featurei..) Again, while
`prior art approaches have provided numerous methods
`
`
`
`a detailed map of any geographical area of the world.
`
`
`Another object of the present "invention is to provide
`
`with varying degrees of snccegs, there is a need for
`
`forth.el' improvements which are particularly applicable
`
`
`a digital mapping method and system which re<oogni:i::c:
`
`
`
`and compensate for distortion introduced by the repre,
`
`
`to the digital mapping system of the pre.sent invention. 55
`
`
`sentation of curved (i,e., earth) sn.tlaces onto a flat two.
`
`The final feature concerns compatibility with �ting
`
`
`mapping formats. As mentioned above, the creation of a
`dimensional dil\pfay.
`Still. a further object of the present invention is. to
`
`
`
`
`digital database is a very tedious, time--consuming and
`
`
`expensive process. Tremendous bodies of mapping data
`
`pro.,ide a dig.it.al mapping method and system which
`
`are avrulahle from many importmt mapping authorities, 60
`
`
`allow a user to selectively change his/her "relative
`for eumple, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), De­
`
`
`
`
`
`viewing position", i.e., 10 came the display monitor to
`
`fense l\.1.apping Agency (DMA), National Aeronautics
`
`to display a different "lateral" mapping
`
`scroll or "fly''
`
`and Space Administration (NASA), etc. In terms of
`
`
`
`
`position of the same resolution, and to cause the dtsplay
`
`
`both being able to easily utilize the mapping d.lta pro­
`
`
`monitor to ''zoom" to a hig._lter or lower position to
`
`duced by these agencies, and represent an attractive M
`
`
`
`
`display a greater or smaller geographical area, ,..,-:ith an
`
`appropriate degree .of te5lilution.
`
`
`
`mapping system to these mapping agencies, it would be
`A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a
`
`
`
`highly desirable for a mapping system to be comp.ltible
`
`with all of the mapping formats used by these res�tive
`
`
`digital mapping method and system utilizing a unique
`
`Page 11 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`APPENDIX D
`
`4,972,3 19
`7
`s -
`
`FIG. 16 i.s the :,;.me plan view illustration ofF1G, 15,
`
`
`mappiug graticule sy�tem which allow� mapping data
`
`
`
`with a third quadr.mt division dividing the mapping
`
`
`to be compatibly adopted from several widely utilized
`°X 64" mapping arell�-
`1.u:ea into 64 equal 64
`
`
`mapping graticule systems.
`
`FlG. 17 is the s..me plan view illustration of F1G. 16,
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE D.RA. WINGS
`
`
`
`5 with a fourth quadrant division dividing the mapping
`
`arta. into 236 equal 32' X 32° mapping;ne;J$,
`
`
`
`The foregoing and other object�. struct11res nnd fea.
`
`
`FIG. 18 is the same plan view illu..mation ofF1G. 17,
`tures of the present invention •,vill becelme more appar­
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`with a fifth quadrant division dividing the mapping area
`
`
`em from the following detailed description of the pre•
`into 1024 equal {6°x 16' mapping are.ts.
`
`
`ferred mode for carrying out the invention; in the de­
`
`
`
`FIG. 19 is the same plan vie•,.• illumation of FlG. 18.
`ac• IC
`
`
`scription to follow, refo.rence will be tnade to the
`
`
`
`with a sixth quadnmt di1.1isiou dividlng the mapping
`
`companying drawings in which:
`
`° inappiug aff>...a'>.
`area into 4096 equal 8" X 8
`
`
`FIG. l is an illustration corresponding to a t1at pro­
`
`
`FIG. 20 is an illustration showing the applic:ition of
`
`
`je:etion of the earth's surface.
`
`
`polar compress.ion at the 8th level or magnitude of reso•
`
`
`
`FIG . . Z is an illustration of a digital comput.er nnd
`lution.
`
`
`
`mnss storage devices which C3l1. be utilized in imple-!j
`
`
`mentfog tl1e present inveution.
`DETAlLED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`
`
`F1GS. 3A-3F are illustrations of monitor displays
`PREFERRED E:M:BODH,1El:'-i"'TS OF THE
`
`
`
`showing the abiiity of the present invention to display
`INVE?'ff!ON
`
`
`
`
`varying !lizes of geographical areas at varying degrees �o
`"'
`Before tunling to the det.liled de,;cription of the pre­
`
`
`
`
`of r�olutiotl
`,
`
`
`ferred embodiments of the invention, it should be noted
`
`FlG. 4 is a cioss-sei::.tional diagram of a sirnple build­
`
`
`
`
`that the map illustrations used throughout the d:mwings
`
`
`ing eumple explaining the operation of the present
`
`
`
`are only crude approximations whi-.,h are only being
`invention
`.
`
`
`used to illu.,trate important fe.aturcs and aspects and the
`
`representations of a 25
`
`FIG. 5A and B are plan view
`
`
`operation of the present invention; therefore. the geo­
`.
`
`paper 450 as it is viewed from the relative viewing
`
`
`graphical pditical and cultural ont!mes may very we.Jl
`
`position A shown in FIG. 4.
`
`
`difl:'t-.r from actual outlines.
`
`FIG. ti is a plan vie1,v representation of a paper 450 as
`
`
`FIG, l i� a crude repre!ientation of what the earth's
`
`
`it i& viewed from the refative viewing position B shown
`surface would took like if it were laid fiat and viewed
`
`in FIG, 4,
`
`
`
`from a "relative viewing-position" which is a great
`30
`
`
`FIG, 7 is a plan view repres.entati<m of a paper 450 as
`
`
`
`
`distance in space. Shown ai, vertical lines are: 10, corre-
`
`it is viewed from the refative view-ing position C shown
`
`
`
`
`
`extending th.rough Green­sponding to the o• meridian
`in FIG, 4.
`
`
`wich, England; nding to the 180" west me­20, correspo
`
`FIG. 8 is a pyramidal hierarchy of the data base Jile
`
`
`ridian: and, 30, corresponding to the t8D' l:lMt mcrid.ian.
`
`
`
`structure showing an e,-s:ample nf the ancestry which 35
`
`
`Shown as horizontal linc;s are: 40, corresponding to ,he
`exits between files.
`
`equator: 50, corresponding to 90° north (Le .. the north
`
`FIG . . 9A is a plan view representation of a paper 450,
`
`
`
`
`
`pole): and 60, corresponding to 90° south (i.e .. the south
`
`
`with the paper being divided into a first level of quad­
`pole).
`rant areas.
`
`
`Note that at thi,; "relative viewing positio11", not
`
`FlO. 9B i� an illustrat.ion of a monitor displaying a
`
`
`
`much detail as to culturill feattires is seen; i.e., a.II that h
`40
`digital map of the area. enclosed by the dashed portions
`
`
`
`seen is the general outline of the main geographic<tl
`in FIG, 9A.
`
`masses of t.he contfaent8.
`
`FIG, tOA is il-plan view represe.i.1t..tiou of a paper
`The present invention ;;eeks to provide a low cost and
`
`
`
`
`450, with the upper-left and lower-right pape-r quadrant
`
`
`
`
`efficient con1puter•based mapping method and Sj'Stcm
`areas being furthtir divided into quadrnnR
`
`
`
`45 having a unique approach for arranging and accessing a
`FIG. lOB is a.n illustrntkm of a mo.nit.or displaying a
`
`digital mapping dat11base of unlimited size, i.e., a map-,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`digital map of the area endo:.ed by the upper-leJ.t
`
`ping method and .�ystem which can manipulate and
`
`dashed portion in FIG. tOA.
`
`
`
`iiccess a data ba.'le having sufficie.nt data t-0 allow the
`
`FIG. tlA is a plan view represent.11.t!on of a paper
`system to reprodllce digital maps of any geo­
`mapping
`
`450, with several sections of the second level of quart-50
`
`
`
`
`
`
`graphical area with different degrees of r.l:llk."'llution. This
`
`
`
`rants being further divided into addition.tl qm,drants.
`
`can be most easily understood by viewing FIG. 2 and
`
`
`
`FIG. UB fa a higher resohtdon display of the area
`FIGS, 3A-F.
`
`
`
`t!nclo5ed within die dashed porMn in FIG. UA.
`Because of the overwhelming advantages over the
`
`
`
`
`are.a FIG. 12 is a plan view illustration or a quadrant
`
`
`
`
`paper and analog mapping approaches, the digital map­
`
`
`
`diV1�ion, with a two-bit naming protoct,l being =igned 55
`
`
`
`ping approach is utilized ,.,ith ,he pre�ent inv',c\11tion;
`to each of the quad.rant areas,
`
`thus, there is shown in FIG. 2, a digital computer 200,
`
`FIG. 13 is a pyramidal hierarchy of tl!t: data base files
`having a disk or hard drive 280, a mon-itor 210,
`a key•
`
`using the two-bit naming protocol of FIG, 12, llrld
`
`
`
`hoard 220 (having a cur�or control portion 130), and a
`
`
`showing an exampl.e of the anct�try which exits be­
`
`
`
`mouse device 240, As mentioned previously, in a digital
`tween mes.
`
`
`
`
`60 mapping approach, mapping information .is stored hi a
`of a 360" X 18.0° !1at
`FIG. 14 is .a plan view illustration
`to the text of /Jtner databa.'l-1!5, i.e,., the
`format similar
`
`
`projection of the earth being impressed in the
`
`
`outstanding map feittures are stored � a list of objects to
`
`
`:5 l2°X512" mapping urea of i:he prese,nt invention, with
`
`
`be draw11, each object being defined by a plurality of
`
`
`
`
`area into mapping a first quadrant division dividing the
`
`
`vector "dot" coordinates which define the crude out-
`four equal 250°X256' mapping areas.
`
`
`
`
`65 line of the object, (Note: the reproductioJi ot' a digital
`
`
`FlG. 15 is the same plan view illustration of FIG, 14,
`
`
`
`map from a list of obJectil and "dot'' vectors is well
`
`
`with a second quadrant division dividing the mapping
`
`known the art, and is not the subject matte,r of the pres•
`
`
`
`�tit invention; i.nsteru:l, the invention relates to a 11uique
`
`area into l6 equal 126 • X t 28° mapping areas.
`
`Page 12 of 160
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1013 Part 2
`
`

`

`4,972,319
`
`APPENDIX D
`
`10
`9
`method and system for storing and acces.�ing the list of
`and features, it should be further appreciated that the
`
`
`
`
`objects and "dot" vectors contained in a tremendous
`
`
`present invention ls by no means limited to this degree
`digital data base.)
`
`of r-esolution. In fact, the degree of resolution capable
`
`
`O!lce a geographical map has been "digitized",-i.e.,
`
`with the present invention will be shown to be limited
`
`
`c.onverted to a list of objects to be drawn and a plurality 5
`
`
`only by the operating system of the digital. computer
`
`of vector "dot" coordinates whi<:b define the crude
`
`200 with which the present invention is used. In one
`
`
`outline of the object -, the mapping database must be
`
`
`demonstration, the monitor diScplay h� been shown to
`
`st,1red in the memory of a mass storage device. Thus,
`
`
`be able to worn to rerolution where the outlines of
`
`the digital computer 200, which is to be 11.sed with the
`
`streets were displayed. Even further degrees of rewlu­
`
`mapping method and system of the the present inv'<!II• lO
`
`
`don are possible as will be mor-e fully umlerstood after
`
`tion, is shown associllted with the magnetic disk 260
`me di:scUS!lions below.
`
`
`(which represent.'! any wetl-k.nown magnetic man stor·
`In