(12) United States Patent
`Kalmanek, Jr. et al.
`
`US006324279B1
`US 6,324,279 B1
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) METHOD FOR EXCHANGING SIGNALING
`MESSAGES IN TWO PHASES
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`PUBLICATIONS
`
`(75) Inventors. Charles Robert Kalmanek’ ‘In Short
`' Hills. William Todd Marshal] ’
`Chatham; Partho Pratim Mishra,
`Summit; Douglas M Nortz, Red Bank;
`Kadangode K_ Ramakrishnan,
`Berkeley Heights, all of NJ (Us)
`
`_
`_
`(73) Asslgnee' AT&T Corp" New York’ NY (Us)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U S C 154(k)) by 0 days
`'
`'
`'
`'
`
`Michelle Blank, “H.323 Gatekeepers Essential Software for
`IP Telephony and Multimedia Conferencing”, CTI Devel
`Oper’ Feb‘ 1998’ pp‘ 94_98'
`Shykeh Gordon, Radvision, Inc., “H.323 The Multimedia
`Communications Standard moves from Consensus to Com
`pliance”, CTI Developer, vol. 2(2), pp. 108, 110—113.
`VCON Inc., “H.323 Standard”, Jan. 1998, pp. 1—22.
`RBdEd lSddTkR RSV'
`.et a ., tan ar s rac , esource e er ation
`ra en
`.
`Protocol (RSVP), Version 1 Functional Speci?cation, Sep.
`1997, pp. 1—92, http://www.cis.ohio—state.edu/htbin/rfc/
`
`_
`_
`_
`_
`rfczzos'html'
`Thom G A: “H. 323: The Multimedia Communications
`Standard for Local Area Networks”, IEEE Communications
`Magazine, US, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, vol.
`34, no. 12, Dec. 1996.*
`
`(21) Appl. NO.Z 09/366,676
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Aug. 4, 1999
`
`Related US. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/104,878, ?led on Oct. 20,
`i99sa4anfgggovisional application N°~ 60/095288: ?led on
`ug' ’
`'
`(51) Int. Cl.7 ........................... .. H04M 7/00; H04M 3/42;
`H04L 12/56; H04L 12/58
`(52) US. Cl. ........................ .. 379/229; 370/389; 370/401;
`379/207; 379/230
`(58) Field of Search ................................... .. 370/389, 392,
`370/400, 401; 379/201, 202, 203, 204,
`205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 215, 229, 230
`
`>F Cited by examiner
`
`_
`_
`Primary Exammer—Harry S. Hong
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`Signaling messages are exchanged for a call between a
`calling party to a called party. A setup message for the call
`is exchanged through at least one gate controller. Network
`resources are reserved for the call based on the exchanged
`setup messages An end-to-end message for the Call is
`exchanged without the end-to-end message being routed
`through the at least one gate Controller
`
`60 Claims, 28 Drawing Sheets
`
`‘90
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`170’ TELEPHONY
`INTERFACE UNIT
`
`160v‘
`
`NETWORK
`INTERFACE
`UNIT
`
`I
`Tao» comgléwgém
`
`1)
`
`141
`140
`fl“ fl“
`
`110
`H GATE
`CONTROLLER
`
`1“
`GATE
`,4
`CONTROLLER
`
`120
`
`m
`
`TELEPHONE
`NETWORK » 130
`GATEWAY
`
`135
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`192
`
`1 9]
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`TELEPHONY
`INTERFAICE UNIT
`
`r 171
`
`NETWORK
`INTERFACE $151
`UNIT
`
`COMMUNICATION
`DEVICE
`
`"31
`
`IPR2018-00884
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.27, 2001
`
`Sheet 1 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`18)“7NoLWOINANNOD
`tLLINMJOVAUSINI
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 2 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 2
`
`SEND, FROM TIUO TO GCO AND GCT, A SETUP I210
`MESSAGE FOR THE CALL
`
`TV
`ESTABLISH A GATE AT NEDT UPON RECEIVING I 220
`THE SETUP MESSAGE FROM GCT
`
`IT
`
`ESTABLISH A GATE AT NEDQ UPON RECEIVING
`THE SETUP MESSAGE FROM GCQ
`
`IT
`
`SEND A RESERVE MESSAGE FROM TIUO TO NEDO $240
`
`I
`
`SEND A RESERVE MESSAGE FROM TIUT TO NEDT I250
`
`EXCHANGE END-TO-END MESSAGE BETWEEN
`TIUO AND TIUT
`
`UPON CONNECTING THE CALLING PARTY AND THE
`CALLED PARTY, SEND A COMMIT MESSAGE FROM , 270
`TIUO To NEDO AND FROM TIUT To NEDT
`
`UPON RECEIVING THE COMMIT MESSAGE AT NEDO,
`OPEN THE GATE AT NEDO
`
`IT
`
`UPON RECEIVING THE COMMIT MESSAGE AT NEDI,
`OPEN THE GATE AT NEDT
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 3 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`F I G. 3
`
`CALLING PARTY GOES OFF-HOOK AND DIALS
`A TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE CALLED PARTY "310
`
`TIUO COLLECTS THE DIALED DIGITS
`
`~I‘I’aZO
`
`T
`
`TIUO SENDS A SETUP MESSAGE TO GCO
`
`@330
`
`V
`
`FORWARD THE SETUP MESSAGE TO GCT
`
`$340
`
`FORWARD THE MESSAGE TO TIUT
`
`J‘ 350
`
`IT
`IF THE DESTINATION ADDRESS OF THE SETUP
`MESSAGE MATCHES TIUT, SENDING TO THE TIUO ./~ 350
`A SETUP ACKNOWLEDGMENT MESSAGE
`
`T
`
`RESERVE NETWORK RESOURCES
`
`¢~370
`
`SEND FROM TIUO To TIUT AN END-TO-END , 380
`RING MESSAGE
`
`TY
`SEND FROM TIUT To TIUO AN END-TO-END
`RINGBACK MESSAGE
`‘I
`UPON CALL ACCEPTANCE BY THE CALLED
`PARTY, SEND AN END-TO-END CONNECT
`MESSAGE FROM TIUT TO TIUO
`
`390
`’
`
`r395
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 4 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`/
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 5 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 5
`
`510‘,
`
`520‘,
`
`500w PACKETS ARE SENT FROM TIUO TO NEDO
`I
`TRANSLATE THE LOCAL SOURCE ADDRESS
`AND LOCAL DESTINATION ADDRESS
`TO A GLOBAL SOURCE ADDRESS AND
`A GLOBAL DESTINATION ADDRESS
`I
`FORWARD THE TRANSLATED PACKETS
`FROM NEDO TO NEDT
`I
`TRANSLATE THE GLOBAL SOURCE ADDRESS
`AND THE GLOBAL DESTINATION ADDRESS
`550’ To A SECOND LOCAL SOURCE ADDRESS
`AND A SECOND LOCAL ADDRESS
`I
`SEND THE TRANsLATED PACKETS FROM
`NEDT To TIUT
`
`540 w
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 6 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`0C0
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`FIG. 6
`BTIIO
`ERO
`PROVIDES DIALTONE.
`C0LLECTs COMPLETE
`E.164T.
`sETuP
`AuTHENTICATEs BT10 vIA AI. MATCHEs E1641 To (301.
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`GATEALLOC P’
`ALLoCATEs THE @TE FOR THIS CALL.
`G ATEALLOCACK
`
`GCSETUP
`
`TRANSLATES E1641 To BTIT
`AND MATCHES wITH ERT.
`“ GATESETUP
`"ESTABLISH THE GA'E" FOR THIS CA-L.
`GATESETUPACK /
`sETuP
`SETUPACK
`
`GCSETUPACK
`GATESUUP
`"ESTABLISH THE GA E" FOR THIs CA_L.
`\ GATESETUPACK
`SETUPACK
`
`AJDITIONAL CAPAB LITY NEC0TIATI0N (IE NECESSARY]
`IINTERMEDIATIE ROUTERS I
`RESERVES BACKBONE CHANNEL
`RESERVES AcCEss CHANNE'L
`|
`RESERVES ACCEss CHANNEL
`REsERvEACK
`RESERVEACK
`
`RESERVE
`
`RESERVE
`
`RING
`
`RINGBACK
`
`RINGS PHONE
`
`sTARTs RINGBACK
`CoMMIT
`ALLOCATES ACCESS CHANNEL.
`GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`
`CoNNECT
`
`GATEOPEN
`GATEOPEN
`
`DETECTS OFF-HOOK
`COMMIT
`ALLOCATES ACCEss CHANNEL.
`
`COMMITACK
`
`‘
`
`GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`COMMITACK
`
`GATEOPENACK
`
`GATEOPENACK
`
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 7 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 7
`
`BTIO
`
`‘
`
`RESERVE
`
`ERO
`
`L
`
`BACKBONE
`ROUTER
`
`I
`
`BACKBONE
`ROUTER
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`CHECKS THAT GIDQ IS SET UP. LOOKS UP
`GAO AND GAT. CHECKS THAT UPSTREAM
`CAPACITY IS AVAILABLE IN ACCESS AND
`RESERVES. RESERVES CAPACITY IN
`
`KBONERESERVF.
`NERESERv:A¢__._-
`sAcKsg NETWORK.
`NHL-J
`BACKBONERESERVE
`
`RESERVE
`
`CHECKS THAT FORWARD CAPICITY IS
`AVAILABLE AND RESERVES. FORWARDS
`RESERVATION MESSAGE.
`
`CHECKS THAT FORWARD CAPICITY 1s
`AVAILABLE AND RESERVES. FORWARDS
`|
`RESERVATION MESSAGE.
`BACKBONERESERVEACK
`|
`BACKBONERESERVE
`MATCHES 0A0, “NO, 0A1, PNT
`WITH GATE 010T.
`
`RESERVEACK
`
`BACKBONERESERVEACK
`
`RESERVE-ACK (TID1)
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 8 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`F I G. 8
`
`BTIO
`
`ERO
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`—
`DETECTS ON-HOOK.
`
`RELEASE
`
`CLOSES AND REIBSES "GATE".
`STOPS BILLING.
`
`ASEACK
`RELE
`
`HANGUP
`
`GATECLOSE
`GATECLOSE
`
`GATECLOSEACK
`
`GATECLOSEACK
`
`RESERVE
`
`N
`CLOSES AND RELEASES ”GATE".
`STOPS BILLING.
`
`RELEASEACK
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 9 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BTIO
`l
`
`ERT
`l
`
`TGWT'
`l
`I
`
`FIG. 9
`SGWT
`GCT
`ERO
`GCO
`l
`l
`l
`l
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`'PEcoGNIzEs ET 641 AS AN "OFF-NET’ ADDREISS. IGENTTPIES'
`APPROPRIATE SIGNALING Gw AND TRUNKING Gw FOR THIS cALL.
`\ GATESETUP
`R
`|
`"EsTABLIsHEs THE GATE" FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`SETUP
`\
`ALLOCATES TRUNK FOR CALL (PNT). DETERMINES CPT.
`GKSETUPACK
`SETUPACK
`
`, GATEsETuP
`"ESTABLISHES THE GATE’ FOR THIS GALL.
`‘1 GATESETUPACK
`SETUPACK
`ADDITIONAL CAPABILITY NEGOTIATION (IF NECESSARY)
`4
`II-
`
`INTERMEDIATE ROUTERS
`
`RESERVE
`
`> CREATECONNECTION
`H
`l
`ALLOCATES RESOURCES FOR
`CALL. ESTABLISHES PNT
`(TRUNK T0 GAO PAIRING.
`l
`l
`RESERVE
`RESERVES BACKBONE CHANNEL
`4
`>
`RESERVES ACCESS CHANNEL. ALLocATEs|
`| RESERVES ACCESS CHANNEL. ALLOCATES
`CHANNEL IN RECEIVE-ONLY DIRECTION.
`CHANNEL IN SEND-ONLY DIRECTION.
`RESERVEACK
`RESERVEACK ”
`\
`NOTIFY
`
`RING
`
`RINGBACK
`IN-BAND RINGBACK OR PSTN ANNOUNCEMENTS
`h
`CONNECT
`
`SS7
`NETWORK
`
`COMMIT
`ALLOCATES SEND CHANNEL
`IAND GENERATESjALL RECORD.
`COMMITACK
`4
`
`I
`
`CALL IN IPROGRESS
`
`MODIFYCONNECTION
`COMMIT
`ALLOCATES RECEIVE CHANNEL
`AND GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`\ COMMITACK
`>
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 10 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 1 0
`ERO
`scwo
`
`TGWO
`
`IAM
`
`cco
`
`ecT
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`ALLOCATES TRUNK FOR CALL (PNT).
`DETERMINES (3P0.
`“ SETUP
`AUTHENTICATES swco VIA AI.
`MATCHES E1641 T0 001.
`GATEALLOC
`GATEALLOCACK
`GKSETUP
`I
`MIDDLE OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`|
`TUPACK
`GATESETUP
`GKSE
`
`GATESETUPACK
`
`‘
`
`, SETUPACK
`ADDITIONAL CAPABILITY NEGOTIATION IF NECESSARY
`CREATECONNECTION <—_..
`(
`) >
`
`‘
`
`l
`
`ALLOCATES RESOURCES FOR CALL.
`ESTAB’JLISHES PNT (TRUNK) TO CA0 PAIRING.
`INTERMEDIATE ROUTERS
`RESERVESI BACKBONE CHANNEL
`RESERVE
`
`I
`
`I
`
`RESERVES ACCESS CHANNEL
`RESERVEACK
`NOTIFY
`
`‘
`
`,
`
`ACM
`
`MODIEYCONNECTION
`COMMIT
`ALLOCATES SEND CHANNEL
`AND GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`‘ COMMITACK
`4
`
`_
`
`RESERVE
`I
`RESERVES ACCESS CHANNEL
`RESERVEACK
`
`RING
`
`RTNGBACK
`CONNECT
`
`cjmggFPHoT
`DETE S
`-HOOK.
`
`COMMIT
`ALLOCATES RECEIVE CHANNEL
`AND GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`COMMITACK
`
`CALL IN PEORESS
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BT10
`
`[R0
`I
`DETECTS ON-HOOK
`
`RELEASE
`
`RELEASEACK
`
`FIG. 1 1
`
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`sewT
`
`ERT
`I
`
`TGWT
`
`HANGUP
`
`SS7
`NETWORK
`
`REL
`RLC
`
`GATECLOSE
`GATECLOSE
`GATECLOSEACK
`GATECLOSEAC K
`
`DELETECONNECTION
`
`RELEASE
`
`RELEASEACK
`
`BT10
`
`ERO
`
`FIG. 12
`
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`SGWT
`
`ERT
`
`TGWT
`
`RELEASE
`RELEASEACK
`
`SS7
`NETWORK
`
`HANGUP
`
`GATECLOSE
`GATECLOSE
`
`SS7
`NETWORK
`
`GATECLOSEACK
`GATECLOSEACK
`
`DELETECONNECTION
`RELEASE
`
`RELEASEACK
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 12 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 1 3
`
`BT10
`
`ERO
`
`cco
`
`TERMINATING
`ANNOUNCEMENT
`SERVER
`
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`|
`|
`DETERMINES THERE IS A NEED FOR A
`TERMINATING ANNOUNCEMENT (e.g. E.164
`ADDRESS CAN NOT BE ROUTED). EORWARDS
`CALL TO ANNO\UNCEMENT SERVER.
`SETUP
`
`SETUPACK
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL. THE
`CUSTOMER IS CONNECTED TO THE ANNOUNCEMENT
`SERVER AND HEARS THE TERMINATING ANNOUNCEMENT.
`AT THE END OF THE ANNOUNCEMENT, THE
`ANNOUNCEMENT SERVER DISCONNECTS.
`
`FIG. 14
`
`BTIO
`
`ER()
`
`GCO
`
`OCT
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`DETECTS OFF-HOOK.
`PROVIDES DIALTONE.
`COLLECTS *57.
`
`‘
`
`TRACE #{F
`
`AUTHENITICATES BTIT. VERIFIES
`SIGNATURE IN [CIO](GCT).
`REPORTS e10 INFORMATION TO
`LAW ENFORCEMENT.
`I
`l
`
`LTRACEACK
`T
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 13 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 7 5
`
`BTIO
`<
`
`ERO
`
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`y
`
`RESOURCE CHANGE NEGOTIATION
`
`INTERMEDIATE
`ROUTERS
`
`DETECTS NEED FOR HID-CALL
`>
`RESO‘EE CHANGE
`REREsERvE
`RERESERVE
`CHECKS $ INFORMATION FOR THIS
`CHECKS $ INFORMATION FOR THIS
`CIDT FOR RESOURCE CHANGE
`GIDQ FOR RESOURCE CHANGE
`AUTHORIZATION. RESERVES
`AUTHORIZATION. RESERVES
`REQUESTED El PARAMETERS. I
`REQUESTED cALL PARAMETERS.
`4 RESERVES BACKBONE CHANNEL :
`|
`|
`|
`RERESERVEACK
`RESOURCECHANGE
`RESOURCECHANGEACK
`
`RERESERVEACK
`
`COMMIT
`COMMIT
`REALLOCATES ACCESS CHANNEL
`REALLOCATES ACCESS CHANNEL
`AND CENERALEQEW CALL RECORD.
`AND GENERATES NEw CALL RECORD.
`COMMITACK <
`GATE 000mm"
`> COMMITACK _
`CAL_L IN PROGRESS WITH NEw PARAMETERS
`>
`
`BT10
`
`ERO
`
`FIG. 1 6
`GCO
`OCT
`
`PROFILE
`E:
`AUTHENTICATES BTIT. CHECKS E.164F
`TO ENSURE IT IS A VALID ADDRESS.
`ACTIVATES CALL FORWARDING.
`
`BTIT
`Eli]
`DETECTS OFF-HOOK. PROVIDES
`DIALTONE. COLLECTS *72. PROMPTS
`FOR AND RECEIVES VALID E.164
`FORWARDING ADDRESS.
`
`PROFILEACK
`STORES CALL FORWARDING ACTIVE
`INFORMATION AND PROVIDES
`POSITIVE FEEDBACK TO CUSTOMER.
`l
`‘\l
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 14 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 17
`
`BTIO
`
`I
`
`ERO
`
`GCO
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BEGINNING OF cALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`BTIT
`
`|
`
`GCSETUP
`
`GATESETUP
`
`"ESTABLISHES THE GATE"
`FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`
`SETUP
`
`RECOGNIZES CALL
`FORWARDING-ALL
`CALLS IS ACTIVE.
`PING RINGS PHONE.
`SETUPACK
`/
`
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING
`ELAG. VERIFIES SUBSCRIPTION
`TO THIS SERVICE.
`‘* GATERELEASE
`"cLosEs THE GATE"
`FOR GIDT
`GCSETUPACK
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING GATERELEASEACK
`ELAG. MATCHES E.164F TO GCF.
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`/
`GCF
`
`ERF
`
`GCSETUP ‘
`
`BTIF
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 15 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BTIO
`
`ERO
`
`GCO
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`GCSETUP
`
`GATESETUP
`
`BTIT
`
`I
`
`"ESTABLISHES THE GATE"
`FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`
`SETUP
`
`TIMES OUT ON BTIT RESPONSE.
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING IS
`ACTIVE FOR THIS E.164T. LOOKS
`IN PROFILE TOPFIND E.164F.
`GATERELEASE
`"CLOSES THE GATE"
`FOR GIDT.
`GCSETUPACK
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING META-ELM
`FLAG. MATCHES E.164F T0 ccF
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`ecF
`
`ERF
`
`GCSETUP
`
`X
`BTIT OUT
`OF SERVICE.
`
`BTIF
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 19
`
`BTIO
`
`ERO
`
`GCO
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`GCSETUP
`
`GATESETUP _
`
`"ESTABLISHES THE GATE"
`FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`
`SETUP
`RECOGNIZES THAT LINE
`IS IN USE‘ RECOGNIZES
`CALL FORWARDING-BUSY
`IS ACTIVE.
`
`SETUPACK
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING
`FLAG. VERIFIES SUBSCRIPTION
`TO TIN: SERVICE.
`GATERELEASE
`
`GCSETUPACK
`
`"CLOSES THE GATE"
`FOR 0101.
`GATERELEASEACK
`
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING
`FLAG. MATCHES E.164F T0 ccF.
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`“
`scF
`
`GCSETUP
`
`ERF
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BT10
`
`ERO
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`GCSETUP
`
`GATESETUP
`
`" ESTABLISHES THE GATE"
`FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`
`SETUP
`
`BTIT OUT
`OF SERVICE.
`
`TIMES OUT ON BTIT RESPONSE.
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING IS
`ACTIVE FOR THIS E.164T. LOOKS
`IN PROFILEl) FIND E.164F.
`GATERELEASE
`"cLosEs THE GATE"
`FOR GIDT.
`GATERELEASEACK
`
`GCSETUPACK
`
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING
`FLAG. MATCHES E.164F To (my.
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`
`GCSETUP
`
`ERF
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 18 0f 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 21
`
`BTIO
`
`ERO
`
`GCO
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BEGINNING OF GAIL FLOW SAME AS BASIC GALL FLOW.
`RING
`BACK
`RING
`
`BTIT
`
`|
`
`RINGS PHONE
`RINGING TIMEOUT.
`RECOGNIZES THAT
`GAIL FORWARDING
`ND ANSWER
`1s ACTIVE.
`
`RINGINGTIMEOUT
`
`REDIRECT
`AUTHENTICATES BTIT VIA Al.
`.DECRYPTS [CIO](GCT) Io DETERMINE
`GCO AND E1640. VERIFIES
`SUBSCRIPTION I0 GALL FORWARDING.
`GCREDIRECT /
`
`GATEINFO
`GATEINFOACK
`
`STARTS RINGBACK
`
`RECOGNIZES GAIL
`FORWARDING NO
`ANSWER FLAG‘
`/
`
`CALLHOLD
`CALLHOLDACK
`
`TRANSFER
`
`GCR
`EDIRECTAC
`K GATERELEASE
`MATCHES E.164F I0 GCF.
`DETERMINES THERE 1s SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK GAPAGIIY FOR GALL. GATERELEASEACK
`REDIRECTACK
`/
`EIiF
`GCSETUP GCF
`BTIII
`MIDDLE 0F CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`CSETUPACK
`G
`
`GATEMODIFY
`GATEMODIFYACK
`
`TRANSFERACK
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 19 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`F I G. 2 2
`
`BT10
`
`ERO
`
`GCO
`
`GCT
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`BEGINNING OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`GCSETUP
`
`GATESETUP
`
`"ESTABLISHES THE GATE"
`FOR THIS CALL.
`GATESETUPACK
`
`SETUP
`
`TIMES OUT ON BTIT RESPONSE.
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING IS
`ACTIVE FOR THIS E.164T. LOOKS
`IN PROFILElO FIND E.164F.
`GATERELEASE
`"CLOSES THE GATE"
`FOR GIDT.
`GCSETUPACK
`RECOGNIZES CALL FORWARDING GATERELEASFACK
`FLAG. MATCHES E.164|: T0 ccF.
`DETERMINES THERE IS SUFFICIENT
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`\
`00F
`
`ERF
`
`GCSETUP ‘
`
`BTIT OUT
`OF SERVICE.
`
`BTIF
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG" OF THE CALL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 20 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 23
`
`BT
`
`ERo
`
`6Co
`
`GC]
`
`ERY
`
`BT]
`
`
`
` RECOGNIZES CID FLAG.
`VERIFIES THAT CUSTOMER IS
`CALLER ID/CALLING NAME
`SUBSCRIBER.
`
`
`
`fom[|i
`
`Prea
`
`
`STARTS
`
`RINGBACK
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CONNECT
`
`
`
`SENDS CALLER ID
`(E.164q) AND
`CALLING NAME (CNo)
`INFORMATION BETWEEN
`{st AND “" RING.
`
`DETECTS
`OFF-HOOK
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 21
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 21 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 24
`BIlg4
`ERo4
`
`
`
`ERT
`
`BTIT
`
`ER?
`
`BTlo2
`
`|
`
`PROVIDES DIALTONE.
`COLLECTS COMPLETE
`CALL_IN PROGRESS
`| E.1647.
`CALL FLOW PROCEEDS BETWEEN BTIQ2 AND BTI 7
`IDENTICALLY TO BASIC CALL FLOW UNTIL RESOURCE RESERVATION
`RERESERVE
`|
`
`
`
`RESERVES BACKBONE CHANNEL|RESERVE
`
`ASSOCIATES GIDqy AND GID yt) WITH
`RESERVES
`SAME ACCESS CHANNEL RESERVATION,
`
`
`
`
`
`INSERTS CALL WAITING
`STARTS
`
`TONE INTO ACTIVE CALL
`RINGBACK
`I
`DETECTS FLASH-HOOK
`
`
`ACCESS CHANNEL.
`
`
`
`
`|_HOLD RecONT CONNECT
`
`PUTS CURRENT ALLOCATION FOR
`THIS CALL BACK ON RESERVE
`HOLDACK SWITCHES CURRENT ALLOCATION|ALLOCATES ACCESS CHANNEL
`
`FROM GIDT,10 GIDT? AND|AND GENERATES CALL RECORD.
`GENERATES NEW CALL RECORD.
`
`
`
`KEEPALIVE MESSAGES TO
`
`THROUGH THE NETWORK.
`
`COMMITACK
`GATE COORDINATION
`PERIODICALLY SENDS OUT
`KEEP RESERVED BANDWIDTH|RECOMMITACK
`6
`CALL_ON_ HOLD| CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`DETECTS FLASH-HOOK yw|
`rHOLD_
`[_RECOMMIT__| PUTS CURRENT ALLOCATION FOR
`
`CONNECT
`
`ACCESSCANNEL
`
`
`
`DACK
`
`PERIODICALLY SENDS OUT
`
`KEEPALIVE MESSAGES 10
`KEEP RESERVED BANDWIDTH
`THROUGH THE NETWORK.
`I
`CALL_ON_HOLO
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 22
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 22 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 25
`
`BT
`
`ERQ
`
`6CTy
`Glo
`CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`ERT{
`
`BIT
`
`GCr2
`
`ERT?
`
`BTlT2
`
`DETECTS FLASH-HOOK.
`LOCALLY PUTS CALL TO
`BTlt, ON "HOLD. WHILE
`SENDING OUT EMPTY VOICE
`PACKETS (OR MUSIC ON HOLD)
`TO. BTlyy.
`
`PROVIDES DIALTONE
`COLLECTS E.164r9.
`
`MAINTAINS. VOICE
`CONNECTION.
`
`CALL FLOW BETWEEN BTIg AND BTI72 PROCEEDS IDENTICALLY
`TO BASIC CALL FLOW UNTIL RESOURCE RESERVATION.
`
`PHONE
`
`eae RESERVES BACKBONE CHANNEL Se RESERVE
`—iRING||
`Sf RINGBACK|| | RINGS
`a CONNECT
`
`
`
`DETECTS
`OFF-HOOK
`
`
`
`
`ALLOCATES ACCESS
`CHANNEL AND GENERATES
`
`CALL RECORD.
`
`3-WAY_CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 23
`
`ALLOCATES NEW ACCESS
`CHANNEL AND GENERATES
`NEW CALL RECORD.
`
`COMMIT“<_—_—_
`
`DETECTS FLASH-HOOK.
`BRIDGES VOICE
`CONNECTIONS
`BETWEEN BTlo.
`BIIt,. AND BIIT9.
`
`GATE _COORDINATIO
`
`CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`
`
`
`MAINTAINS VOICE
`CONNECTION.
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 23 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BIg
`
`ERo
`
`FIG. 26
`6Cq
`6CTy
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`ERT]
`
`BTliTt
`
`6CT9
`
`ERT?
`
`BIT
`
`HOLDfe——
`DETECTS feFLASH-HOOK
`
`PUTS CURRENT
`ALLOCATION FOR THIS
`GATE BACK ON RESERVE.
`HOLDACK
`
`PUTS CURRENT
`ALLOCATION FOR THIS
`GATE BACK ON RESERVE.
`HOLDACK
`
`PROVIDES DIALTONE.
`COLLECTS E.16479.
`
`PERIODICALLY SENDS QUT
`MESSAGES TO KEEP
`RESERVED BANDWIDTH
`THROUGH THE NETWORK,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EanACK
`eoTeTT
`|tt OFF-HOOK
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CALL FLOW BETWEEN|——_—_—ALLLONBETWEENBgAMOIlyaPROCEEDSTDENTCALLYTO BASIC CALLCHLLOMBETWEENtoaNrgPROCEEDSDANTICALLYAND BTIt? PROCEEDS IDENTICALLYUNTIL RESOURCE RESERVATION.
`
`CONNECT
`
`RINGS. PHONE
`DETECTS
`
`ALLOCATES ACCESS
`CHANNEL AND
`GENERATES CALL
`RECORD.
`
`SWITCHES CURRENT
`ALLOCATION FROM
`GID91 TO GID? AND
`GENERATES NEW
`CALL RECORD.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 24
`
`
`Tae)||
`
`GATE COORDINATION
`
`COMMIT
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 24
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 24 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 27
`
`
`BTIg ERT=BT Ty BRIDGE=Cty)ER 6Co GCyy ERT? ~—BEIT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I
`I
`f
`
`
`
`CALL HELD
`
`CALL_IN_ PROGRESS
`
`
`
`FLASH-HOOK
`
`
`
`REDIRECT BETWEEN BTI 72 AND BRIDGE PROCEEDS IDENTICALLY TO REDIRECT ABOVE.
`I
`Secums[ODee
`
`
`|
`7 3-WAY CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 25
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 25 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 28
`
`
`
`
`|
`3-WAY_CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BIIg BT 7,=BRIDGE=GCtp_~—Ss«ERTQERg Co CT ERT; «~—BTJ
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3-WAY_CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`DETECTS
`ON-HOOK
`
`|
`
`|
`
`a= HANGUP|
`pT |
`those GATECLOSE
` caecuosenx_|
`GATECLOSEACK
`
`|
`
`RELEASE
`ACK
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 26
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 26 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`
`
`FIG. 29
`BIIg ERT;=BY Ty«=BRIDGE=GCtpERg 6Co CT «SER~—SBEIT9
`
`
`
`|
`|
`3-WAY_CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`
`
`3-WAY_CALL_IN PROGRESS
`
`| DETECTS ON-HOOK
`
`GCSPLICEACK
`
`GATEINFOACK
`
`GATEINFOA
`
`CK
`
`GATEMODIFY
`
`GATEMODIFYACK
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 27
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 27 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`FIG. 30
`
`BIIg
`
`ER
`
`cH)
`
`6CTy
`
`ERT;
`
` BTly;
`
`BRIDGE
`
`GCtp
`
` ERTo
`
`BIT
`
`CONSULTATION IN PROGRESS
`
`|
`
`| CALL_IN PROGRESS |
`
`LING - PARTICIPANT HANGUP)
`EACH OTHER.
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 28
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 27, 2001
`
`Sheet 28 of 28
`
`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`BT
`
`317
`
`FIG.
`ERo
`
`
`
`ERT
`Cy
`Co
`|
`CALL IN PROGRESS
`
`
`BIT
`
`DETECTS FLASH HOOK
`DETERMINES THAT CALL
`
`TRANSFER IS ACTIVE.
`
`
`
`AUTHENTICATES BTIy VIA AI. DECRYPTS
`
`[CIgl(GC7) TO DETERMINE GCq AND E.164p.
`
`VERIFIES SUBSCRIPTION TO CALL TRANSFER.
`
`
`
`CALLHOLD
`CALLHOLDACK
`
`
`
`MATCHES E.1647p 10 GC7R.
`
`
`DETERMINES THERE. IS SUFFICIENT
`
`
`NETWORK CAPACITY FOR CALL.
`
`
`|
`GCSETUP
`GC
`TR
`
`
`
`
`MIDDLE OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL.
`GATEMODIEY.._GCSETUPACK|
`
`
`
`
`
`GATEMODIFYACK
`
`TRANSFERACK
`
`OO
`
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL, EXCEPT THAT MULTIPLE
`
`BILLING RECORDS MAY BE KEPT FOR EACH "LEG OF THE CALL.
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 32
`
`BTlq
`ERo
`6Co
`6Cy
`ERT
`BTIy
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AUTHENTICATES B11. VERIFIES CUSTOMER
`SUBSCRIBES TO RETURN CALL SERVICE. VERIFIES
`SIGNATURE IN [Cly](GCo). EXTRACTS E.1647. MATCHES
`E.1647 TO GC7. PERFORMS SERVICE-SPECIFIC
`ADMISSION CONTROL.
`REST OF CALL FLOW PROCEEDS AS NORMAL BETWEEN BTIg AND BIIT.
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 29
`
`IPR2018-00884
`Apple Inc. EX1004 Page 29
`
`

`

`US 6,324,279 B1
`
`1
`METHOD FOR EXCHANGING SIGNALING
`MESSAGES IN TWO PHASES
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
`Application No. 60/104,878, filed Oct. 20, 1998, the entire
`contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; and
`USS. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/095,288,filed Aug.
`4, 1998, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein
`by reference.
`This application is related to the following pending,
`commonly assigned patent applications filed on the same
`day: “A Method for Allocating Network Resources” U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 09/366,207, “A Method for
`Performing Gate Coordination on a Per-Call Basis” U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 09/366,208, “A Method for
`Establishing Call State Information without Maintaining
`State Information at Gate Controllers” U.S. patent applica-
`tion Ser. No. 09/366,210, and “A Method for Providing
`Privacy by Network Address Translation” U.S. patent appli-
`cation Ser. No. 09/366,678.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention generally relates to allocating net-
`work resources. More specifically,
`the present
`invention
`relates to reserving and committing network resources based
`on an authorized quality of service.
`The known signaling architecture H.323 is an Interna-
`tional Telecommunications Union (ITU) defined standard
`that describes how multimedia communications occur
`
`between terminals, network equipment and services on local
`area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) that
`do not provide a guaranteed quality of service (such as
`Internet Protocol (IP) networks). Quality of service is a
`measure of communication service quality during a call, and
`can include, for example, the bandwidth, delay and latency
`associated with the call. In networks using connectionless
`“best effort” delivery models, the quality of service typically
`is not guaranteed; the H.323 is a signaling architecture for
`such a network.
`
`The H.323 provides a range of implementation options
`including gatekeeper-routed signaling.
`In the H.323
`standard, gatekeepers map LAN address aliases to IP
`addresses and provide address lookups when needed. Gate-
`keepers also exercise call-control functions to limit
`the
`number of H.323 connections and the total bandwidth used
`by these connections in an H.323 “zone.” Although the
`gatekeeperis not necessary within the H.323 standard, when
`a gatekeeperis present in a network, network terminals must
`make use ofits services. In other words, gatekeepers main-
`tain state information for each individual call and all call
`signaling must pass through the gatekeepers.
`The gatekeeper implementation of the H.323 standard,
`however, suffers several shortcomings. First, the equipment
`associated with gatekeepers needs to be extremely reliable
`so that the gatekeeper is available throughout the course of
`the call. If the gatekeeper-related equipment fails during a
`call, the call fails because the state information for the call
`maintained solely at
`the gatekeeper is lost. Second,
`the
`gatekeeper-related equipment likely cannot scale in a cost
`effective manner because maintaining the state information
`and performing the messaging associated with H.323 is
`complex and processorintensive. Finally, theft of service is
`possible by bypassing the gatekeepers to place unauthorized
`and unmonitored calls.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
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`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`Signaling messages are exchanged for a call between a
`calling party to a called party. A setup message for the call
`is exchanged through at least one gate controller. Network
`resources are reserved for the call based on the exchanged
`setup messages. An end-to-end message for the call
`is
`exchanged without the end-to-end message being routed
`through the at least one gate controller.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates a network, according to an embodiment
`of the present invention.
`FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart to reserve network resources
`for a call, according to an embodiment of the present
`invention.
`
`FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart for performing two-phase
`signaling in call connection, according to an embodiment of
`the present invention.
`FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart for disconnecting a call,
`according to an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart for translating a network
`address, according to an embodimentof the present inven-
`tion.
`
`FIG. 6 shows the call flow for a normal call setup,
`according to an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 7 shows an example signaling call flow for reserva-
`tion of resources in the segmentof the network between the
`edge routers for a voice call, according to an embodiment of
`the present invention.
`FIG. 8 showsthe call flow for a normalcall termination,
`according to an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 9 showsthe call flow for a call originating from a
`BTIbut terminating in the PSTN,according to an embodi-
`ment of the present invention.
`FIG. 10 showsthe call flow for a call originating in the
`PSTN,but terminating in the IP telephony network, accord-
`ing to an embodimentof the present invention.
`FIG. 11 showsthe call flow for a normal release to the
`
`PSTN,according to an embodimentof the present invention.
`FIG. 12 showsthe call flow for a call released from the
`PSTN,according to an embodimentof the present invention.
`FIG. 13 shows a call flowwhere the BTI connects to a
`
`terminating announcementserver, according to an embodi-
`ment of the present invention.
`FIG. 14 showsthe call flow for Call Trace, according to
`an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 15 showsthe call flow for changing the established
`call parameters, according to an embodimentof the present
`invention.
`
`FIG. 16 showsthe call flow for activating a per-use Call
`Forwarding service, according to an embodiment of the
`present invention.
`FIG. 17 showsthe call flow for Call Forwarding—All
`Calls when the BTI is available, according to an embodi-
`ment of the present invention.
`FIG. 18 shows the call flow for Call Forwarding—All
`Calls when the Terminating BTI is not available, according
`to an embodimentof the present invention.
`FIG. 19 showsthe call flow for Call Forwarding—Busy
`when BTI, is available, according to an embodimentof the
`present invention.
`FIG. 20 showsthe call flow for Call Forwarding—Busy
`whenthe BTIis unavailable, according to an embodiment of
`the present invention.
`
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`US 6,324,279 B1
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`FIG. 21 showsthe call flow for Call Forwarding—No
`Answer when BTI, is available, according to an embodi-
`mentof the present invention.
`FIG. 22 showsthe call flow for Call Forwarding—No
`Answer when the BTI
`is unavailable, according to an
`embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 23 showsthe call flow for Caller ID/Calling Name
`Delivery Call Flow, according to an embodiment of the
`present invention.
`FIG. 24 showsa call flow for Call Waiting, according to
`an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 25 showsthe call flow for the simple Three-Way
`Calling alternative with bridging in BTI,, according to an
`embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 26 illustrates the first steps of a three-way call,
`according to an embodimentof the present invention.
`FIG. 27 shows the sequence of signaling messages
`exchanged in the conversion of two separate calls into one
`three-way call, according to an embodimentof the present
`invention.
`
`FIG. 28 showsthecall flow for Three-way Calling Bridge
`in Network Call Flow—Hangup of Host, according to an
`embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 29 showsthecall flow for Three-way Calling Bridge
`in Network Call Flow—HangupofParticipant, according to
`an embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 30 shows the call flow for Call Transfer With
`Consultation service when the host disconnects, according
`to an embodimentof the present invenion.
`FIG. 31 shows the call flow for Call Transfer Without
`Consultation service, according to an embodiment of the
`present invention.
`FIG. 32 showsth