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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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` 3 BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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` 4 -----------------------------------x
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` 5 APPLE INC.,
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` 6 Petitioner,
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` 7 -against-
` UNIVERSAL SECURE REGISTRY LLC,
` 8
` Patent Owner.
` 9
` Case IPR2018-00813
` 10 IPR2018-00809
` -----------------------------------x
` 11
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` 12 DEPOSITION OF ARI JUELS
` New York, New York
` 13 May 6, 2019
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` 14
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` 15 Reported By:
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` 16 ERIC J. FINZ
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 1
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 May 6, 2019
` ^ time ^
` 3
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` 4 Deposition of ARI JUELS, taken by
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` 5 Patent Owner, at the offices of
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` 6 WilmerHale LLP, 7 World Trade Center, New
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` 7 York, New York, before ERIC J. FINZ, a
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` 8 Shorthand Reporter and Notary Public
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` 9 within and for the State of New York.
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 2
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 A P P E A R A N C E S:
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` 3 WILMERHALE LLP
` Attorneys for Petitioner
` 4 950 Page Mill Road
` Palo Alto, California 94304
` 5
` BY: MARK D. SELWYN, ESQ.
` 6 (mark.selwyn@wilmerhale.com)
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` 7 -AND-
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` 8 WILMER HALE LLP
` 60 State Street
` 9 Boston, Massachusetts 02109
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` 10 BY: KELVIN W. CHAN, ESQ.
` (kelvin.chan@wilmerhale.com)
` 11
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` 12
` QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN LLP
` 13 Attorneys for Patent Owner
` 50 California Street
` 14 San Francisco, California 94111
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` 15 BY: BRIAN E. MACK, ESQ.
` (brianmack@quinnemanuel.com)
` 16
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` 19
` ALSO PRESENT:
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` MARKUS JAKOBSSON (Telephonically)
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 3
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 UNCERTIFIED TRANSCRIPT DISCLAIMER
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` 3
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` 4 The following transcript of
` proceedings, or any portion thereof, is
` 5 being delivered unedited and uncertified
` by the official court reporter at the
` 6 request of counsel.
`
` 7 Purchaser agrees not to
` disclose this uncertified and unedited
` 8 transcript in any form (written or
` electronic) to anyone who has no
` 9 connection to this case.
`
` 10 This is an unofficial
` transcript, which should not be relied
` 11 upon for purposes of verbatim citation of
` testimony. This transcript has not been
` 12 checked, proofread or corrected. It is a
` draft transcript, not a certified
` 13 transcript. As such, it may contain
` computer-generated mistranslations of
` 14 stenotype code or electronic transmission
` errors, resulting in inaccurate or
` 15 nonsensical word combinations or
` untranslated stenotype symbols which
` 16 cannot be deciphered by non-stenotypists.
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` 17 Corrections will be made in
` preparation of the certified transcript
` 18 resulting in differences in content, page
` and line numbers, punctuation and
` 19 formatting.
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 4
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 ARI JUELS,
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` 3 having been first duly sworn by the
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` 4 Notary Public (Eric J. Finz), was
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` 5 examined and testified as follows:
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` 6 ^ ^ HEADER ^ ^
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` 7 EXAMINATION BY 15:07:08
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` 8 MR. MACK: 15:07:08
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` 9 Q. Good afternoon. Could you 15:07:18
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` 10 please state your name and address for 15:07:20
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` 11 the record? 15:07:21
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` 12 A. My name is Ari Juels. That's 15:07:22
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` 13 A-r-i, J-u-e-l-s. And I reside at 500 15:07:25
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` 14 West 30th Street, New York, New York. 15:07:30
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` 15 Q. Professor Juels, have you been 15:07:33
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` 16 deposed before today? 15:07:35
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` 17 A. I have, yes. 15:07:36
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` 18 Q. You understand that you are 15:07:37
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` 19 under an oath to tell the truth today. 15:07:39
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` 20 Right? 15:07:41
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` 21 A. I do. 15:07:41
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` 22 Q. And that's the same oath that 15:07:42
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` 23 you would be under if you were testifying 15:07:44
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` 24 in front of a judge or a jury. 15:07:45
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` 25 Do you understand that? 15:07:48
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 5
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 A. Yes. 15:07:48
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` 3 Q. Is there anything that would 15:07:49
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` 4 interfere with your ability to provide 15:07:51
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` 5 truthful answers today, are you on any 15:07:53
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` 6 medication? 15:07:55
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` 7 A. No. 15:07:55
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` 8 Q. Just some quick ground rules. 15:07:56
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` 9 The court reporter is going to be 15:07:59
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` 10 transcribing everything you say, so 15:08:00
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` 11 please speak slowly and clearly. If you 15:08:02
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` 12 answer one of my questions, I'll assume 15:08:06
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` 13 that you understood the question, 15:08:07
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` 14 otherwise please ask for clarification. 15:08:09
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` 15 Is that fair? 15:08:11
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` 16 A. That seems fair. 15:08:12
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` 17 Q. And your attorney may instruct 15:08:13
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` 18 you to -- may object from time to time. 15:08:16
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` 19 Please answer my questions despite any 15:08:19
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` 20 objection unless you're specifically 15:08:22
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` 21 instructed by your attorney not to 15:08:23
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` 22 answer. Is that fair? 15:08:25
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` 23 A. I understand. 15:08:26
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` 24 Q. Professor Juels, you are being 15:08:26
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` 25 compensated for your work in this case; 15:08:31
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 6
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 corrects? 15:08:33
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` 3 A. That is correct. 15:08:33
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` 4 Q. What is your hourly rate? 15:08:34
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` 5 A. My hourly rate is $600 an 15:08:35
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` 6 hour. 15:08:39
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` 7 Q. Who is compensating you? 15:08:39
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` 8 A. I'm being compensated by 15:08:41
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` 9 WilmerHale. 15:08:42
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` 10 Q. Is $600 an hour, is that your 15:08:43
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` 11 customary hourly rate? 15:08:46
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` 12 A. This is the only expert 15:08:49
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` 13 witness work I'm doing, so I haven't 15:08:51
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` 14 established a customary rate. 15:08:54
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` 15 Q. Have you done any expert 15:08:56
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` 16 witness work prior to this case? 15:08:57
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` 17 A. No, I have not. 15:08:59
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` 18 Q. You said you had been deposed 15:09:00
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` 19 before. In what matter was that? 15:09:03
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` 20 A. I don't recall precisely. I 15:09:05
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` 21 was deposed many years ago while an 15:09:10
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` 22 employee at RSA. But I don't recall the 15:09:13
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` 23 subject of the deposition. 15:09:18
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` 24 Q. Was it relating to litigation 15:09:21
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` 25 between RSA and another company? 15:09:25
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 7
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 A. As I stated, I don't recall 15:09:28
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` 3 the subject of the deposition. 15:09:30
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` 4 Q. Other than your hourly 15:09:32
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` 5 compensation, do you have any financial 15:09:37
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` 6 interest in the outcome of this case? 15:09:38
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` 7 A. I have not. 15:09:41
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` 8 Q. Do you own any stock in Apple 15:09:42
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` 9 or Visa? 15:09:45
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` 10 A. I own mutual funds which may 15:09:46
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` 11 have holdings in Apple, but I have no 15:09:48
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` 12 direct equity stake. 15:09:50
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` 13 Q. And you submitted two 15:09:52
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` 14 declarations in this case. Is that 15:09:54
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` 15 right? At least two? 15:09:56
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` 16 A. I submitted two declarations, 15:09:57
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` 17 that's correct. 15:09:59
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` 18 Q. How much time did you spend 15:09:59
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` 19 working on those declarations? 15:10:01
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` 20 A. That I don't recall offhand. 15:10:03
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` 21 But I would say approximately two to 15:10:11
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` 22 three days per declaration. 15:10:14
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` 23 Q. And do you recall when you 15:10:17
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` 24 began working on your declarations? 15:10:19
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` 25 A. I don't recall precisely, no. 15:10:23
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 8
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 Q. Did you personally write the 15:10:26
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` 3 entirety of your declarations or was it 15:10:29
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` 4 provided to you? 15:10:33
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` 5 A. The legal principles were 15:10:33
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` 6 provided to me by WilmerHale. The 15:10:35
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` 7 technical substance either I wrote myself 15:10:38
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` 8 or it was written by WilmerHale in 15:10:41
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` 9 consultation with me, and based on my 15:10:48
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` 10 evaluation of the materials I was 15:10:51
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` 11 providing testimony with regard to. 15:10:54
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` 12 Q. You mentioned legal 15:10:56
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` 13 principles. Would that include, for 15:10:58
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` 14 instance, obviousness? 15:11:00
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` 15 A. There is a section in the 15:11:02
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` 16 declarations called legal principles. 15:11:04
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` 17 I'm referring to the entirety of that 15:11:07
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` 18 section. 15:11:08
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` 19 Q. Had you, prior to working on 15:11:09
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` 20 this case, had you heard of any of those 15:11:12
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` 21 legal principles before? 15:11:14
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` 22 A. I've perhaps encountered them 15:11:18
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` 23 in other contexts. But as I said, I have 15:11:23
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` 24 not done expert witness work previously. 15:11:25
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` 25 Q. Did you help write the -- you 15:11:28
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 9
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 understand this is a case regarding some 15:11:30
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` 3 petitions for inter partes re-exam. 15:11:32
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` 4 Right? 15:11:37
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` 5 A. I don't understand entirely 15:11:37
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` 6 what an inter partes re-exam is, as I'm 15:11:38
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` 7 not an attorney. 15:11:42
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` 8 Q. Did you help draft any of the 15:11:43
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` 9 petitions themselves, did you see the 15:11:45
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` 10 petitions? 15:11:47
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` 11 A. I reviewed other relevant 15:11:47
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` 12 documents, but I was not involved in 15:11:50
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` 13 drafting them. 15:11:52
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` 14 Q. What about the replies to 15:11:53
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` 15 patent owners' responses in the cases, 15:11:56
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` 16 did you help draft any of the replies, to 15:11:59
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` 17 your knowledge? 15:12:02
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` 18 MR. SELWYN: Objection; beyond 15:12:02
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` 19 the scope. 15:12:04
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` 20 A. As far as I know, I'm here to 15:12:07
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` 21 discuss my two declarations. So I would 15:12:09
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` 22 prefer that the discussion remain within 15:12:16
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` 23 scope. 15:12:17
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` 24 Q. Did you review the replies 15:12:17
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` 25 ever submitted on behalf of Apple in 15:12:19
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 10
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 connection with the IPRs in this case? 15:12:21
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` 3 MR. SELWYN: Objection to 15:12:24
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` 4 form. 15:12:25
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` 5 A. I reviewed all materials 15:12:25
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` 6 relevant to and enumerated within my 15:12:28
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` 7 declarations. 15:12:31
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` 8 Q. And are you familiar with 15:12:32
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` 9 Victor Shoup? 15:12:35
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` 10 A. I know Victor Shoup, yes. 15:12:37
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` 11 He's a colleague within the cryptography 15:12:41
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` 12 community. 15:12:44
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` 13 Q. And did you communicate with 15:12:44
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` 14 Victor Shoup in connection with this 15:12:46
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` 15 case? 15:12:48
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` 16 A. I did not communicate with 15:12:48
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` 17 Professor Shoup. 15:12:52
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` 18 Q. So no email communications or 15:12:53
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` 19 face-to-face communication? 15:12:56
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` 20 A. As I said, I did not 15:12:57
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` 21 communicate with Professor Shoup with 15:12:58
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` 22 regard to this case. 15:13:00
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` 23 Q. With when were you first 15:13:01
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` 24 contacted about working on this case, do 15:13:03
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` 25 you recall the time frame? 15:13:06
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 11
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 A. I can only provide an 15:13:08
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` 3 approximate time frame. But I believe I 15:13:12
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` 4 was contacted in the late summer of last 15:13:15
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` 5 year. 15:13:19
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` 6 Q. And did you begin working 15:13:21
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` 7 immediately after being contacted? 15:13:25
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` 8 MR. SELWYN: Objection to 15:13:28
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` 9 form. Objection; outside the 15:13:29
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` 10 scope. 15:13:31
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` 11 Q. Why don't I phrase it a 15:13:32
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` 12 different way. When did you begin 15:13:34
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` 13 working on your declarations in this 15:13:36
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` 14 case? 15:13:38
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` 15 MR. SELWYN: Just because I 15:13:38
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` 16 want to protect the privilege. 15:13:39
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` 17 He's asking questions about the 15:13:41
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` 18 declarations that you submitted. 15:13:43
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` 19 THE WITNESS: Yeah, 15:13:44
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` 20 understood. 15:13:47
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` 21 A. I don't recall precisely when 15:13:48
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` 22 I started working on these declarations. 15:13:50
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` 23 Yeah, I don't recall, sorry. 15:13:54
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` 24 Q. Other than your work on these 15:13:56
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` 25 declarations, have you done any other 15:14:02
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 12
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 work in connection with this case? 15:14:04
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` 3 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:14:05
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` 4 A. I have reviewed all of the 15:14:06
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` 5 documents enumerated in the declarations 15:14:08
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` 6 relevant to the declarations. And in the 15:14:11
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` 7 course of those reviews, of course 15:14:17
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` 8 encountered other materials. 15:14:19
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` 9 Q. And your compensation, I'm not 15:14:21
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` 10 sure if I've asked this already, is your 15:14:24
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` 11 compensation coming from Apple? 15:14:27
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` 12 A. As I stated previously, I'm 15:14:29
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` 13 being compensated by WilmerHale. 15:14:31
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` 14 Q. Okay. And do you have a 15:14:34
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` 15 formal retention agreement with 15:14:36
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` 16 WilmerHale? 15:14:38
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` 17 A. I believe the scope of this 15:14:41
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` 18 deposition is the two declarations that I 15:14:44
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` 19 have submitted. I don't know whether the 15:14:49
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` 20 question you're asking is itself within 15:14:50
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` 21 the scope. 15:14:53
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` 22 Q. Even if there is an out of 15:14:54
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` 23 scope objection, I would still appreciate 15:14:56
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` 24 an answer. But do you have a written 15:14:58
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` 25 agreement with WilmerHale? 15:15:00
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 13
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 MR. SELWYN: You're welcome to 15:15:01
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` 3 answer that yes or no. 15:15:03
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` 4 A. I do have a written agreement 15:15:04
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` 5 with WilmerHale. 15:15:06
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` 6 Q. And as far as you know, 15:15:06
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` 7 WilmerHale is paying your fees, not 15:15:07
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` 8 Apple? 15:15:10
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` 9 A. As I stated previously, I'm 15:15:10
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` 10 receiving compensation from WilmerHale. 15:15:12
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` 11 Q. Have you ever done any work 15:15:15
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` 12 for Apple prior to this case? 15:15:18
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` 13 A. I've done no work for Apple 15:15:23
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` 14 prior to this case. 15:15:25
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` 15 Q. How about work for WilmerHale, 15:15:26
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` 16 have you worked for WilmerHale before 15:15:29
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` 17 this case? 15:15:31
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` 18 A. I have not worked previously 15:15:31
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` 19 for WilmerHale. 15:15:33
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` 20 Q. I show you a copy of what has 15:15:34
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` 21 been already marked as Apple 1130. Hand 15:15:46
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` 22 that to you. 15:15:51
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` 23 MR. MACK: Just for the 15:15:55
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` 24 record, Apple 1130 -- just for the 15:15:56
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` 25 record, this is Apple 1130 in case 15:16:01
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 14
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 IPR 2018-00809. Will you 15:16:04
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` 3 understand if I say the 809 case 15:16:12
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` 4 that I'm referring to this longer 15:16:14
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` 5 title. 15:16:16
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` 6 A. I will. 15:16:17
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` 7 Q. And I believe there is another 15:16:17
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` 8 declaration you submitted that's in case 15:16:19
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` 9 IPR 2018-00813. If I refer to that as 15:16:20
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` 10 the 813 case, will you understand what I 15:16:28
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` 11 mean? 15:16:30
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` 12 A. Yes, I will. 15:16:31
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` 13 Q. And is this a -- 15:16:32
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` 14 MR. SELWYN: Just if you need 15:16:33
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` 15 to correlate those numbers with the 15:16:35
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` 16 patent numbers, which I always need 15:16:37
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` 17 to, it's on the front of the 15:16:39
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` 18 document. 15:16:41
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` 19 THE WITNESS: Yes, I see it 15:16:41
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` 20 right here. 15:16:42
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` 21 MR. SELWYN: Just so you don't 15:16:43
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` 22 get mixed up. 15:16:44
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` 23 Q. And is this a copy of a 15:16:46
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` 24 declaration that you submitted in 15:16:47
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` 25 connection with the 809 case? 15:16:49
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 15
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 A. It appears to be from the 15:16:51
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` 3 cover page, I presume the contents accord 15:16:53
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` 4 with the cover page. 15:16:56
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` 5 Q. Okay. Just a couple of 15:16:58
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` 6 questions about your CV and then we'll 15:16:59
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` 7 just jump in to the meat of the 15:17:03
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` 8 questions. But if you could look at 15:17:07
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` 9 Exhibit A, or appendix A to your 15:17:09
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` 10 declaration. Do you see a copy of your 15:17:11
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` 11 CV? 15:17:14
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` 12 A. I do. 15:17:14
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` 13 Q. And is this a current copy of 15:17:14
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` 14 your CV? 15:17:16
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` 15 A. At first glance it appears to 15:17:17
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` 16 be. But until I look through it in its 15:17:21
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` 17 entirety, I can't be sure. Publications 15:17:24
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` 18 are constantly evolving. In fact, I see 15:17:26
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` 19 a couple of recent, very recent omitted 15:17:29
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` 20 publications. 15:17:33
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` 21 Q. Okay. Other than omitted 15:17:34
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` 22 publications, is there anything else 15:17:36
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` 23 that's not included in this CV? 15:17:40
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` 24 A. There may be other small 15:17:42
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` 25 differences. As I said, the CV is 15:17:43
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 16
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 constantly evolving. And this appears 15:17:48
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` 3 not to be the most recent snapshot. 15:17:50
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` 4 Q. And do you understand that in 15:17:53
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` 5 this case the patent owner also has an 15:17:56
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` 6 expert. Correct? 15:18:00
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` 7 A. Yes, I understand that. 15:18:01
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` 8 Q. And you know that's 15:18:02
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` 9 Dr. Jakobsson? 15:18:04
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` 10 A. I understand that. 15:18:05
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` 11 Q. Would you consider 15:18:06
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` 12 Dr. Jakobsson a colleague of yours? 15:18:08
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` 13 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:18:10
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` 14 A. Dr. Jakobsson is not currently 15:18:18
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` 15 a colleague. But was a colleague in the 15:18:20
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` 16 past. 15:18:24
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` 17 Q. And you respect 15:18:26
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` 18 Dr. Jakobsson's opinions; correct? 15:18:29
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` 19 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:18:30
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` 20 A. I respect much of 15:18:32
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` 21 Dr. Jakobsson's work, his research in 15:18:33
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` 22 particular. I don't have particular 15:18:36
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` 23 respect for the declarations he filed nor 15:18:38
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` 24 for the material in his deposition. I 15:18:42
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` 25 found misleading and disingenuous in many 15:18:44
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 17
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 cases. 15:18:48
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` 3 Q. Did you review the totality of 15:18:49
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` 4 his deposition transcript? 15:18:52
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` 5 A. I believe I reviewed it in its 15:18:54
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` 6 entirety. 15:18:57
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` 7 Q. Did you review any other 15:18:57
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` 8 deposition transcripts in connection with 15:18:59
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` 9 your preparation for this case? 15:19:00
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` 10 A. That's the only deposition 15:19:02
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` 11 trans corrupt I recall reviewing. 15:19:06
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` 12 Q. You would agree, though, that 15:19:08
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` 13 Dr. Jakobsson is a well known and well 15:19:10
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` 14 respected in the field of cryptography. 15:19:14
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` 15 Right? 15:19:18
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` 16 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:19:18
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` 17 A. Dr. Jakobsson is a prolific 15:19:20
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` 18 researcher and well respected in certain 15:19:27
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` 19 quarters of the computer security 15:19:30
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` 20 community. And the cryptography 15:19:31
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` 21 community, yes. 15:19:34
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` 22 Q. And how about in the field of 15:19:35
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` 23 user authentication, would you consider 15:19:37
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` 24 Dr. Jakobsson to be well respected in 15:19:39
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` 25 that field? 15:19:42
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`USR Exhibit 2019, Page 18
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` 19
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` 1 ARI JUELS - DRAFT
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` 2 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:19:42
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` 3 A. Dr. Jakobsson has a great deal 15:19:44
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` 4 of experience with the topic of user 15:19:50
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` 5 authentication. And has a number of 15:19:54
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` 6 publications to his credit. 15:19:57
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` 7 Q. And how about computer 15:19:59
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` 8 authentications, computer to computer 15:20:06
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` 9 authentication, would you also agree that 15:20:08
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` 10 Dr. Jakobsson is well respected in that 15:20:10
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` 11 field? 15:20:13
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` 12 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form. 15:20:14
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` 13 A. That's not a recognized 15:20:15
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` 14 subfield. 15:20:17
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` 15 Q. But at least in the field of 15:20:20
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` 16 user authentication, you would agree that 15:20:22
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` 17 Dr. Jakobsson is well respected; correct? 15:20:24
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` 18 MR. SELWYN: Objection; form.