`
`(12) United States Patent
`Verjus et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,175,601 B2
`Feb. 13, 2007
`
`(54) PORTABLE EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING
`AND/ORMONITORING THE HEART RATE
`
`(75) Inventors: Christophe Verjus, Neuchatel (CH):
`Rolf Vetter, Yverdon (CH); Patrick
`Celka, Forel (CH); Philippe Renevey,
`Lausanne (CH)
`(73) Assignee: CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique
`et de Microtechnique S.A.-Recherche
`et Developpement, Neuchatel (CH)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 547 days.
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/463,530
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun. 18, 2003
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2003/0233051 A1
`Dec. 18, 2003
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(30)
`Jun. 18, 2002
`(FR) ................................... O2 O7465
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`A6B 5/02
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................................... 600/500; 600/485
`(58) Field of Classification Search ..................... None
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,413,101 A * 5/1995 Sugiura ...................... 600,323
`5.431,170 A * 7/1995 Mathews ...
`... 600,479
`6,080,110 A * 6/2000 Thorgersen
`... 600,500
`6,230,047 B1 *
`5/2001 McHugh ....
`... 600,519
`6,283,915 B1* 9/2001 Aceti et al. ................. 600/300
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`WO
`WO
`
`O 923 903
`O 941 694
`1 297 784
`97/14357
`99.32030
`
`6, 1999
`9, 1999
`4/2003
`4f1997
`7, 1999
`
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Robert L. Nasser
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Jacobson Holman PLLC
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`Portable equipment including in combination a heart rate
`measuring device and a Sound reproduction unit including
`means for Supplying a signal representative of the Sound
`reproduction and for Supplying Sound information to a Sound
`transducer, wherein said measuring device and said Sound
`transducer are mounted at least in part in an assembly
`adapted to be fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment
`and, wherein said sound reproduction unit includes means
`for optionally Substituting for and/or Superimposing on said
`signal representative of said Sound reproduction a signal
`generated from signals from said measuring device and
`representative of said heart rate. The equipment can take the
`form of a walkman, for example, or a hearing aid for the hard
`of hearing.
`
`4,301,808 A * 1 1/1981 Taus ........................... 600,500
`
`10 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Apple Inc.
`APL1195
`U.S. Patent No. 9,289,135
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`001
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`Feb. 13, 2007
`Feb. 13, 2007
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`US 7,175,601 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 13, 2007
`Feb. 13, 2007
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`Sheet 2 of 2
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`US 7,175,601 B2
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`1.
`PORTABLE EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING
`AND/ORMONITORING THE HEART RATE
`
`US 7,175,601 B2
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`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to portable equipment for
`optically measuring and/or monitoring the heart rate.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Many variants of this type of equipment exist already.
`They include an optical probe designed to be placed on a
`region of the skin of a user. The probe includes an emitter for
`radiating light into the tissue of that region and a receiver for
`picking up energy coming from the tissue (for example as a
`result of reflection on the tissue or transmission through the
`tissue) whose optical characteristics vary in dependence
`upon the circulation of the blood. The signal supplied by the
`receiver is analyzed and artifacts caused in particular by the
`movements of the user, ambient light, etc. are removed in an
`electronic processing unit whose output signal can be made
`perceptible in any appropriate manner, for example by
`displaying it on a screen, by reproducing it audibly, etc. The
`output signal can be compared to a threshold and an alarm
`tripped if the heart rate crosses the threshold.
`Equipment having the above features is described in EP
`01203.686.9, filed Sep. 28, 2001 and entitled “Wrist located
`pulse detection using infra-red signals, activity and nonlin
`ear artefact cancellation'. That document describes in par
`ticular a probe intended to be worn on the wrist, the useful
`signal being extracted by a device for detecting movements
`of the wearer.
`In another prior art device, the probe is incorporated into
`a chest strap and the useful signal is transmitted by radio to
`a display device, such as a wristwatch.
`An object of the invention is to provide equipment of the
`kind indicated above that provides reliable information
`concerning the heart rate of the wearer whilst being conve
`nient to use and particularly suitable for use by persons
`exercising an activity, for example a sports activity.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The invention therefore provides a portable equipment
`including in combination a measuring device for measuring
`the heart rate and a sound reproduction unit including means
`for Supplying a signal representative of the Sound reproduc
`tion and for Supplying Sound information to a Sound trans
`ducer, wherein said measuring device and said sound trans
`ducer are mounted at least in part in an assembly adapted to
`be fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment, wherein said
`Sound reproduction unit includes Substitution/superimposi
`tion means for optionally Substituting for and/or Superim
`posing on said signal representative of said sound reproduc
`tion a signal generated from signals from said measuring
`device and representative of said heart rate, wherein said
`assembly takes the form of an ear cushion including a casing
`accommodating said sound transducer and adapted to be
`placed in front of the external auditory meatus opening of a
`wearer and a horn attached to said casing and adapted to be
`placed behind the external ear of a wearer and said measur
`ing device is accommodated at least in part in said casing
`and at least in part in said horn, and wherein said assembly
`further includes an accelerometric device delivering motion
`signals representative of the motion of a wearer when the
`assembly is fixed to an ear of said wearer and said measuring
`device including signal processing means using said motion
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`signals for removing at least partially artifacts due to motion
`in said signal representative of said heart rate.
`Because of the above features, the heart rate measuring
`function can be associated with that of a Sound reproduction
`device, like for example a walkman. Sound reproduction
`devices of this kind are very widely used, especially by
`persons exercising a sporting activity. The information con
`cerning the heart rate can therefore be provided as a comple
`ment to the reproduced sound signal, which is generally
`entertaining and that the wearer of the equipment is used to
`listening to. Also, the complementary information is pre
`sented by means of a Sound reproduction component (an ear
`cushion) that is of the usual kind and is placed over the ear
`of the wearer of the equipment in the usual way, the exterior
`shape of the probe placed over the ear being intentionally no
`different from that of a standard ear cushion. Furthermore,
`the heart rate measurement function is implemented very
`discreetly, which users of the equipment may see as an
`advantage. It will finally be noted that an ear cushion is held
`in place without problems despite the movements of the
`wearer, while the connection between the ear cushion and
`the body of the walkman is not modified either (at least
`externally), and requires only a connecting cable slightly
`modified compared to the usual cable. It can therefore be
`very robust.
`In addition prior art portable devices which are in the form
`of an ear clip, besides the fact they pinch the ear lobe and
`therefore hinder its vascularization, are fixed on a flexible
`part of the ear (the ear lobe) and it is therefore difficult to
`remove in such devices the artifacts due to the motion of the
`body of the wearer. According to the present invention, the
`detecting unit being incorporated in an ear cushion, it is
`advantageously adapted to be worn in contact with a stiff
`part of the ear (the cartilage) and therefore it becomes easier
`to remove the artefacts due to the motion of the body.
`According to other advantageous features of the inven
`tion:
`said measuring device includes an optical radiation emit
`ter and an optical radiation receiver respectively placed
`in said casing and in said horn So that a light path
`between them can pass through a portion of the external
`ear of a wearer,
`said optical radiation emitter includes a plurality of light
`Sources emitting at separate wavelengths that are pref
`erably near infra-red wavelengths,
`said receiver includes the same number of groups of
`optical radiation detectors as there are light sources in
`said emitter and said measuring device further includes
`means for calculating the average of signals Supplied
`by the detectors of each group,
`said Substitution/superimposition means of said Sound
`reproduction unit include a mixer circuit adapted to
`receive said signal representative of said heart rate
`Supplied by said measuring device and connected
`between said sound transducer and said means Supply
`ing said signal representative of the sound reproduc
`tion,
`said sound reproduction unit includes voice synthesizer
`means connected between said probe and said mixer
`circuit,
`said portable equipment further includes a comparator
`having a first input adapted to receive said signal
`representative of said heart rate and a second input
`connected to a threshold generator whose threshold is
`representative of a predetermined heart rate value and
`whose output is connected to said mixer circuit to send
`alarm information to said Sound transducer if the heart
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`US 7,175,601 B2
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`rate Supplied by said measuring device exceeds said
`predetermined heart rate value,
`a selector is adapted to select reproduction by said Sound
`transducer either of said alarm information or of said
`signal representative of said heart rate Supplied by said
`measuring device,
`said Sound reproduction unit includes a reader of a Sound
`information medium, Such as an audio cassette, a
`compact disc or a digital versatile disc, connected to
`said assembly by a cable,
`said sound reproduction unit includes a microphone and
`constitutes a hearing aid.
`Other features and advantages of the present invention
`will become apparent in the course of the following descrip
`tion, which is given by way of example only and with
`reference to the appended drawings.
`
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`passed, which variations are caused in particular by varia
`tions in the circulation of blood in the external ear. The
`variations in the electrical signal delivered by the receiver 6
`are therefore representative in particular of the pulsation of
`the blood and therefore of the heart rate.
`The casing 2 can be covered with a foam material cushion
`7 (only part of which is shown) to protect the portion of the
`ear Surrounding the external auditory meatus opening.
`An accelerometric device 8 is placed in the horn 4 for
`measuring acceleration along three axes. Its function is
`explained later.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the equipment shown in FIG.
`1. It shows that the unit A comprises the sound reproduction
`transducer 3 and a measuring probe 10 which comprises the
`emitter 5, the receiver 6 and the accelerometric device 8. The
`emitter 5 comprises one or more sources of optical radiation
`(two sources 12 and 13 in the example shown) emitting at
`two different wavelengths, for example, in this example two
`wavelengths w and W. These sources irradiate a portion P
`of the cartilage of the external ear. As already described, the
`receiver 6 is on the opposite side of this portion P of the
`external ear when the ear cushion is in place thereon.
`In corresponding relationship to each source 12, 13, the
`receiver 6 comprises respectively a plurality of optical
`detectors 14 and 15, whose sensitivity ranges are adjusted to
`the respective wavelengths of the sources 12 and 13. In one
`embodiment, the sources 12 and 13 are modulated by a
`control signal so as to be active alternately. Wideband
`receivers 14 and 15 can then be used and a time division
`demultiplexing enables to retrieve the two-optical signals
`with wavelengths w and W.
`In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the wave
`lengths w and are near infra-red wavelengths, the sources
`are light-emitting diodes, and the detectors are photosensi
`tive diodes.
`The outputs of the group of detectors 14 and 15, of the
`accelerometric device 8 and of the transducer 3 are con
`nected by a cable C to a processing unit, designated with the
`general reference 9 and integrated into the functional unit 1
`incorporated in the unit B. In the context of the present
`invention, the combination of the processing unit 9 and the
`measuring probe 10 is referred to as “heart rate measuring
`device'.
`The detectors 14 and 15 are respectively connected to
`signal filtering means 16 and signal shaping means 17 in the
`processing unit 9. The filtering can be carried out by an
`analog band-pass filter with a pass-band from 0.5 Hz to 10
`HZ, for example. Shaping of the signals can involve aver
`aging the analog signal Supplied by each detector 14 and 15
`and appropriately amplifying the signals.
`The signals generated by the accelerometric device 8 are
`applied to signal filtering and shaping means 18 that apply
`filtering and amplification on these signals, the filtering
`being performed by means of an analog band-pass filter
`whose passband is from 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz, for example.
`The signals processed in this way in the units 16 and 17
`are fed to a circuit 19 for eliminating unwanted artifacts in
`which they are subject to analog/digital conversion and to
`treatment for eliminating artifacts that may be that described
`in the document WO 99/32030. This prior art treatment
`essentially consists in distinguishing between the signals
`caused by the heartbeat and the signals resulting from other
`variations in the flow of blood.
`The signals from the units 18 and 19 are then analyzed in
`a unit 20 to eliminate artifacts due to movements of the
`wearer of the equipment by using the signals delivered by
`the accelerometric device 8 and preprocessed by the filtering
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of portable sound
`reproduction equipment combined with a heart rate measur
`ing and/or monitoring function.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the equipment shown in FIG.
`1.
`FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of another
`embodiment of the invention.
`
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of portable equipment
`according to the invention.
`The equipment comprises a first unit A adapted in par
`ticular to measure the heart rate and a second Sound repro
`duction unit B adapted in particular to reproduce Sound, the
`two units being interconnected by a cable C. In the embodi
`ment shown, the unit B is an audiocassette player, preferably
`adapted to be easily worn by a user, as is usual for the
`devices usually known as “walkmans'. Of course, the inven
`tion applies to other Sound reproduction devices using other
`recording media, Such as compact disks (CD), digital ver
`satile disks (DVD), etc. The cassette player B is of standard
`design and is therefore not described in detail. Suffice to say
`that its Sound reproduction electrical circuit has added
`components that are schematically represented in FIG. 1 by
`a functional unit 1 that is described later.
`The unit A takes the form of an ear cushion comprising a
`generally circular casing 2 adapted to be placed inside the
`external ear (auricle) of a user in front of the external
`auditory meatus opening, the side of the casing 2 that can be
`seen in FIG. 1 facing toward the latter opening. The casing
`2 of the ear cushion contains a sound transducer symbolized
`by the dashed line circle 3. This transducer is conventional,
`and any design available off the shelf may be used.
`The casing 2 is fastened to a horn 4 whose free end part
`is adapted to hook behind the external ear of a user, as is
`usual for ear cushions used with off the shelf walkmans. An
`optical emitter 5 is placed in the horn 4 so that it directs
`radiation toward the casing 2. In other words, looking at
`FIG. 1, the emitter 5 is on the non visible side of the horn
`4.
`An optical radiation receiver 6 is disposed in the casing 2
`so that it can pick up the portion of the optical radiation
`emitted by the emitter 5 that has passed through the thick
`ness of the external ear. Consequently, the received radiation
`is a function of variations in the optical characteristics of the
`portion of the external ear through which the radiation has
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`and shaping means 18. This analysis is described in detail in
`the European patent application previously cited, with par
`ticular reference to FIG. 4 of that document, which may be
`consulted for more details.
`The signal from the analysis unit 20 is fed to a block 20'
`which estimates the heart rate by determining the frequency
`of the intensity peaks of the signal from the unit 20, for
`example. The output signal of the unit 20', appearing at a
`terminal 21, is therefore representative of the heartbeat or
`heart rate, and has been cleared of all artifacts that could
`influence the result of the measurement. As previously
`indicated, the Sound reproduction unit B is connected to the
`transducer 3 through the cable C. The latter includes con
`ductors for Supplying power to the unit A from the power
`Supply (not shown) conventionally provided in the Sound
`reproduction unit B.
`Note that the unit B can be adapted to reproduce in stereo
`Sound information from a recording medium that the user
`has placed in it. Consequently, a second sound transducer
`can be provided in a second ear cushion for the wearer's
`other ear, as is conventional in off the shelf walkmans. For
`simplification, these components are neither shown nor
`described here.
`In FIG. 2, the block 22 symbolizes means for reading a
`recording medium and producing a signal representative of
`a sound reproduction of what is recorded on the recording
`medium; these means being conventional, they are not
`described in detail.
`According to the invention, the signal appearing at the
`terminal 21 and representative of the detected heartbeat can
`be Superimposed on the Sound signals of the recording to
`which the user wishes to listen. To this end, the functional
`unit 1 already shown in FIG. 1 also provides various
`functions in addition to those already described, imple
`mented in the blocks on the right-hand side in FIG. 2. These
`functions are described by way of example to illustrate the
`preferred embodiment of the invention. However, the inven
`tion is not limited to this description and can use simplified
`or more complex ways of implementing complementary
`functions.
`This being so, in the version shown, the terminal 21 is
`connected to a voice synthesizer 23 which is in turn con
`nected to a first mixer circuit 24 on the communication path
`between the unit 22 and the transducer 3. Thus the heart rate
`signal can be Superimposed on the sound signals produced
`by the Sound reproduction unit 22, for example with a given
`period that may be made adjustable.
`The terminal 21 is also connected to a first input of a
`comparator 25 whose output is connected to a second mixer
`circuit 26 that is also on the path of the sound signals fed to
`the transducer 3. A second input of the comparator 25 is
`connected to a threshold generator 27 adapted to determine
`an alarm threshold corresponding to a heart rate value that
`is judged to be hazardous for the wearer of the equipment.
`The threshold generator 27 preferably allows adjustment of
`the alarm threshold. Consequently, if the measured heart rate
`exceeds the alarm threshold, an alarm signal can be Super
`imposed on the sound signals sent to the transducer 3.
`The Voice synthesis and alarm threshold comparison
`functions just described can preferably be selected at will by
`the wearer of the equipment. To this end, a selector 28 is
`provided that can be accessed by means of a key (not shown)
`on the casing of the unit B, for example.
`The terminal 21 can also be connected to a functional unit
`29 for recording changes in the heart rate to retain a record
`thereof, advantageously on the recording medium that is
`being read in the unit 22 of the unit B. The functional unit
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`29 can be connected to an output terminal 30 of the unit B
`through which the latter can be connected to an external
`information processing device (not shown) for producing a
`medical analysis of the heart rate recording, for example.
`Finally, a display Screen 31 is advantageously provided
`(see FIG. 1) for visualizing the signal appearing at the
`terminal 21.
`FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention in
`which the equipment constitutes a hearing aid. In this case,
`a sound reproduction unit 22A is provided including a
`microphone 32 for picking up ambient Sounds. The Sound
`reproduction unit 22A amplifies the signal from the micro
`phone and sends the resulting signal to the transducer 3,
`which boosts it to a level sufficient for a hard of hearing
`wearer to perceive it. The transmission occurs via a mixer
`circuit (not shown in FIG. 3) analogous to the mixer circuits
`24 and 26 shown in FIG. 2.
`As in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the
`measuring probe 10A includes a sender 5 and a receiver 6
`which can be of the kind described already with reference to
`FIG. 2. It cooperates with a processing unit 9A which can be
`analogous to the processing unit 9 described above.
`As shown in FIG. 3, the hearing aid is arranged as an ear
`cushion whose structure is the same as that of the ear
`cushion already described. However, in this case, all of the
`components of the equipment, and in particular the process
`ing unit 9A and most of the other components, such as the
`units 23 and 24 from FIG. 2, are in the casing 2 and the horn
`4, and powered by a battery (not shown), as is conventional
`in the hearing aid art.
`
`The invention claimed is:
`1. Portable equipment including in combination a mea
`Suring device for measuring the heart rate and a Sound
`reproduction unit including means for Supplying a signal
`representative of the sound reproduction and for Supplying
`Sound information to a Sound transducer, wherein
`said measuring device and said Sound transducer are
`mounted at least in part in an assembly adapted to be
`fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment,
`said sound reproduction unit includes Substitution/super
`imposition means for optionally Substituting for and/or
`Superimposing on said signal representative of said
`Sound reproduction a signal generated from signals
`from said measuring device and representative of said
`heart rate,
`said assembly takes the form of an ear cushion including
`a casing accommodating said sound transducer and
`adapted to be placed in front of the external auditory
`meatus opening of a wearer and a horn attached to said
`casing and adapted to be placed behind the external ear
`of a wearer and said measuring device is accommo
`dated at least in part in said casing and at least in part
`in said horn, and
`said assembly further includes an accelerometric device
`delivering motion signals representative of the motion
`of a wearer when the assembly is fixed to an ear of said
`wearer and said measuring device including signal
`processing means using said motion signals for remov
`ing at least partially artifacts due to motion in said
`signal representative of said heart rate.
`2. The portable equipment claimed in claim 1 wherein
`said measuring device includes an optical radiation emitter
`and an optical radiation receiver respectively placed in said
`casing and in said horn so that a light path between them can
`pass through a portion of the external ear of a wearer.
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`3. The portable equipment claimed in claim 2 wherein
`said optical radiation emitter includes a plurality of light
`Sources emitting at separate wavelengths that are preferably
`near infra-red wavelengths.
`4. The portable equipment claimed in claim 3 wherein
`said receiver includes the same number of groups of optical
`radiation detectors as there are light Sources in said emitter
`and said measuring device further includes means for cal
`culating the average of signals Supplied by the detectors of
`each group.
`5. The portable equipment claimed in claim 1 wherein
`said Substitution/superimposition means of said Sound
`reproduction unit include a mixer circuit adapted to receive
`said signal representative of said heart rate Supplied by said
`measuring device and connected between said sound trans
`ducer and said means Supplying said signal representative of
`the Sound reproduction.
`6. The portable equipment claimed in claim 5 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit includes voice synthesizer
`means connected between said probe and said mixer circuit.
`7. The portable equipment claimed in claim 6 further
`including a comparator having a first input adapted to
`receive said signal representative of said heart rate and a
`second input connected to a threshold generator whose
`threshold is representative of a predetermined heart rate
`value and whose output is connected to said mixer circuit to
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`send alarm information to said Sound transducer if the heart
`rate Supplied by said measuring device exceeds said prede
`termined heart rate value and wherein a selector is adapted
`to select reproduction by said sound transducer either of said
`alarm information or of said signal representative of said
`heart rate Supplied by said measuring device.
`8. The portable equipment claimed in claim 5 further
`including a comparator having a first input adapted to
`receive said signal representative of said heart rate and a
`second input connected to a threshold generator whose
`threshold is representative of a predetermined heart rate
`value and whose output is connected to said mixer circuit to
`send alarm information to said Sound transducer if the heart
`rate Supplied by said measuring device exceeds said prede
`termined heart rate value.
`9. The portable equipment according to claim 1 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit includes a reader of a Sound
`information medium, Such as an audio cassette, a compact
`disc or a digital versatile disc, connected to said assembly by
`a cable.
`10. The portable equipment according to claim 1 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit includes a microphone and
`constitutes a hearing aid.
`
`007
`
`
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