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`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 1
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

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`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 2
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`ID NO.
`
`DATE
`
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`CORPS CORR.
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`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 3
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`PATENT APPLICATION SERIAL NO.
`
`U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFHCE
`FEE RECORD SHEET
`
`M/OB/iga CHIHSl 00000142 6007^^ ^
`
`PTO-1556
`(5/87)
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 4
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`SERIAL NUMBER
`
`FILING DATE
`
`CLASS
`
`GROUP ART UNIT
`
`ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.
`
`60/079,591
`PROVISIONAL
`
`03/27/98
`
`0000
`
`34115
`
`Z S. JOSEPH CAHPANELLA, GAITHERSBUR6, MD.
`3
`
`**CONTINUING DOMESTIC DATA*********************
`VERIFIED
`i-
`
`**371 (NAT'L STAGE) DATA*********************
`VERIFIED
`
`**FOREIGN applications************
`
`VERIFIED
`
`FOREIGN FILING LICENSE GRANTED 04/20/98
`□yes Gno
`□yesQno □Met after Allowance
`
`Foreign Priority claimed
`35 use 119 (a-d) conditions met
`
`Verified and Acknowledged
`
`VTITTiTTiUiMliuiM
`
`initials
`
`STATE OR
`COUNTRIV
`MD
`
`SHEETS
`DRAWING
`
`TOTAL
`CLAIMS
`
`INDEPENDENT
`CLAIMS
`
`JOHN E HOLMES
`ROYLANCE ABRAMS BERDO & GOODMAN
`SUITE 315
`1225 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW
`WASHINGTON DC 20036
`
`DIGITAL BROADCAST SYSTEM USING SATELLITE DXP^ECST BROADCAST SYSTEM AND
`lu TERRESTRIAL RADIATION REPEATER SYSTEM WITH MULTICARRIER
`= MODULATION
`
`FILING FEE
`RECEIVED
`
`$150
`
`FEES: Authority has been given in Paper
`No.
`to charge/credit DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
`NO.
`for the following: .
`
`All Fees
`1.16 Fees (Filing)
`1.17 Fees (Processing Ext. of time)
`1.18 Fees (issue)
`Other
`Credit
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 5
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`PROVI^. NAL APPLICATION COVER. EET
`
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION under 37 CFR1.53(b)(2).
`
`Docket Number
`
`34115
`
`Type a plus sign(+)
`inside this box ^
`
`icU
`
`IS
`
`Last Name
`CAMPANELLA
`
`First Name
`
`INVENTOR(s)/APPLICANT(s)
`Residence (City and Either State or Foreign Country)
`Middle Initial
`Joseph
`18917 "Whetstone Circle,
`Gaithersburg, Maryland 20879
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 characters max)
`
`Digital Broadcast Radio System Using Satellite Direct Broadcast System and Terrestrial
`Radiation Repeater System with Multicarrier Modulation
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`John £. Holmes
`Roylance, Abrams, Berdo & Goodman, L.L.P.
`1225 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 315
`
`State
`
`D.C.
`
`Zip Code
`
`20036
`
`Country United States of America
`
`^ Specification
`
`|g] Drawing(s)
`(informal)
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
`Q Small Entity Statement
`Number of Pages 17
`
`Number of Sheets 7
`
`Q Other (specify)
`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT (check one)
`^ A check or money order is enclosed to cover the Provisional filing
`fees.
`
`□ The Commissioner is hereby authorized to charge
`filing fees and credit Deposit Account Number:
`
`PROVISIONAL
`PILING FEE
`AMOUNT ($)
`
`$150.00
`
`O!
`Hi
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`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Government or under a contract with an agency of the United States
`Government
`
`□ Yes, the name of the U.S. Government agency and the Government contract number are:
`
`Respectfiolly submitted,
`
`SIGNATURE.
`John E. Holmes
`Registration No. 29,392
`Q Additional inventors as being named on separately numbered sheets attached hereto
`
`Pp
`
`Date
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FILING ONLY
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 6
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`34115
`
`Patent Application for
`
`DIGITAL BROADCAST SYSTEM USING SATELLITE DIRECT BROADCAST
`SYSTEM AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION REPEATER SYSTEM WITH
`MULTICARRIER MODULATION
`
`By
`
`S. Joseph Campanella
`
`Field of Invention
`
`A digital broadcast system is provided which uses a satellite direct radio
`
`broadcast system having different downlink options in combination with a terrestrial
`repeater network employing different re-broadcasting options to achieve high
`availability reception by mobile radios, static radios and portable radios in urban areas,
`suburban metropolitan areas, rural areas, including geographically open areas and
`geographic areas characterized by terrain having high elevations.
`
`o
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`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 7
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`Background of the Invention
`
`Receivers in existing systems which provide digital audio radio service (DARS)
`
`have been radically effected by multi-path effects which create severe degradations in
`signal quality, such as signal fading and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Fading effects
`
`5
`
` on broadcast channels to receivers can be sensitive to frequency, particularly in an urban
`environment or geographic areas with high elevations where blockage of line of sight
`
`(LOS) signals from satellites is most prevalent. Locations directly beneath a satellite
`Qiereinafter referred to as the sub-satellite point) inherently have the highest elevations
`angles, while locations that depart from the sub-satellite point inherently have
`
`10 decreasing elevation angles and, accordingly, an increase of the earth center angle
`subtended between the sub-satellite point and the reception location. Locations that are
`
`near the sub-satellite, point typically enjoy virtually unblocked LOS reception. Thus,
`
`the need for terrestrial reinforcement of potentially blocked LOS signals is minimal.
`
`When the LOS elevation angle to the satellite becomes less than about 85 degrees,
`
`15 however, blockage by tall buildings or geological elevations (i.e., on the order of 30
`meters) becomes significant. Terrestrial re-radiation for gap filling is needed to achieve
` satisfactory coverage for mobile radios, static radios, as well as portable radios. In areas
`where building or geological sites are relatively low heights (i.e., on the order of less
`
`than 10 meters), the blockage is not significant until the LOS elevation angle is lower
`
`20 than 75 degrees. Thus, at the mid-latitude and high latitude locations within the
`coverages of one or more broadcast satellites, terrestrial re-radiation is needed to achieve
`
`suitable radio reception. A need exists for fully satisfactory radio reception that
`
`combines satellite LOS transmission and terrestrial re-radiation of a satellite downlink
`
`signal waveform.
`
`25
`
`Summary of the Invention
`
`In accordance with the present invention, a digital broadcast system (DBS) is
`provided which overcomes a number of disadvantages associated with existing broadcast
`systems and realizes a number of advantages. The DBS of the present invention
`30 comprises a TDM carrier satellite delivery system for digital audio broadcasts (DAB)
`
`□ S
`
`Q
`
`I
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 8
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`3-
`
`which is combined with a network of terrestrial repeaters for the re-radiation of satellite
`
`downlink signals toward radio receivers.
`
`In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a single geostationary
`
`satellite transmits downlink signals which can be received by radio receivers in the LOS
`
`5
`
` of the satellite signal, as well as by terrestrial repeaters. Each terrestrial repeater is
`
`configured to recover the digital baseband signal from the satellite signal and modulate
`
`the signal using multi-carrier modulation for retransmission toward radio receivers.
`
`Radio receivers are configured to receive both a quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK)
`
`modulated TDM bit stream, as well as an MCM stream. Radio receivers are
`
`10 programmed to select a broadcast channel demodulated from the TDM bit stream and
`
`the MCM bit stream, and to select the broadcast channel recovered with the least errors
` using a diversity combiner.
`
`In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a DBS system is
`
`provided which comprises two geostationary satellites in combination with a network
`
`15 of terrestrial repeaters. The terrestrial repeaters are configured to process satellite
` downlink signals to achieve the baseband satellite signal and to modulate the signal
`
`using MCM. Radio receivers are configured to implement a diversity decision logic to
`
`select from among three diversity signals, including the two satellite signals and the
`
`MCM signal. Each radio receiver employs maximum likelihood combining of two LOS
`
`20 satellite signals with switch combining between the terrestrial re-radiated signal, or
`
`MCM signal, and the output of the maximum likelihood combiner.
`
`In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a broadcast channel
`
`may be selected from the three diversity signals by using the maximum likelihood
`
`combining of all three signals, that is, early and late LOS satellite signals and the MCM
`
`25 signal from the terrestrial repeater.
`
`Brief Description of the Drawings
`
`These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more
`
`readily comprehended from the following detailed description when read in connection
`
`3 0 with the appended drawings, which form a part of this original disclosure, and wherein:
`
`O
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`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 9
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`Fig. 1 is a diagram of a digital broadcast system comprising a satellite and a
`terrestrial repeater in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
`Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a generation of a multicarrier
`
`modulated (MCM) signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
`
`5
`
` Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram depicting a radio receiver arm configured to
`demodulate MCM signals in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
`
`Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram depicting a radio receiver arm configured to
`
`demodulate time division multiplexed (TDM) signals in accordance with an
`
`embodiment of the present invention;
`
`10
`
`Figs. .5 and 6 are schematic block diagrams illustrating respective embodiments
`for diversity combining in a radio receiver; and
`
`Fig. 7 illustrates a system of combining bit streams recovered at a radio receiver
`using a maximum likelihood decision and a diversity combiner in accordance with an
`
`embodiment of the present invention.
`
`15
`
`asrc
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`
`U:?
`
` Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
` The invention relates to a digital broadcast system (DBS) for optimized static,
`
`portable and mobile radio reception. The DBS combines line-of-sight (LOS) reception
`
`of satellite waveforms that are optimized for satellite delivery with re-radiation of the
`
`20 LOS signal from the satellite via one or more terrestrial repeaters. The terrestrial
`
`repeaters use other waveforms which are optimized for terrestrial delivery where
`
`blockage of the satellite LOS signal occurs. LOS signal blockage caused by buildings,
`bridges, trees and other obstructions typically occurs in urban centers and suburban
`
`areas. Waveforms particularly suitable for LOS satellite transmission are Time Division .
`
`25 Multiplex (TDk^ and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Waveforms
`particularly suitable for overcoming terrestrial multipath interference encountered in
`
`blocked urban areas are Adaptive Equalized TDM (ATDl/Q, Coherent Frequency
`Hopping Adaptively Equalized TDM (CFHATDM) and Multiple Carrier Modulation
`
`(MCM).
`
`30
`
`In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an MCM signal is sent
`
`from a network of terrestrial transmitters deployed to cover a blocked area with high
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 10
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`Ui
`n
`
`'4
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`k£3
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`reception availability. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the
`combination of a satellite-efficient LOS waveform and terrestrial multipath interference-
`
`5
`
`tolerant waveform in a DBS system is the optimum means for achieving high
`availability reception by mobile radios, static radios and portable radios in urban areas,
` suburban areas and in rural areas. The signaling techniques described in connection with
`the present invention are applicable over the electromagnetic wave frequency range
`from 200 to 3000 MHz to facilitate the combination of line-of-sight satellite radiation
`
`with terrestrial re-radiation of the signal received from the satellite.
`Optimal satellite waveforms permit very efficient transformation of solar power,
`10 which is collected by the satellite's solar arrays into radiated radio frequency power.
`
`These waveforms are characterized by a low peak-to-average power ratio (i.e., crest
`factor), thereby permitting operation of high power amplifiers that feed the satellite
`earth pointing antennas at or near the maximum power output and therefore the most
`
` efficient power output. A TDM waveform is particularly useful for permitting
` 15 operation within a few tenths of a dB of maximum power output. A CDMA waveform
` that uses properly selected codes allows operation at approximately 2 to 4 dB below
`maximum power output. Because the MCM waveform is composed of the sum of
`hundreds of phase modulated sinusoids, the MCM waveform inherently possesses a high
`peak-to-average ratio. Consequently, a MCM waveform encounters significantly greater
`20 amplitude and phase intermodulation distortion in a satellite's high power amplifier.
`
`To achieve acceptable reception by an LOS satellite receiver, a MCM waveform must be
`backed in the high power amplifier and allocated a receiver implementation impairment
`
`of at least 6 dB on the down-link budget, as compared with a quadrature phase shift,
`keying (QPSK) TDM waveform. This translates to a 4-to-l reduction in satellite power
`
`25 conversion, rendering the MCM waveform an unsuitable choice for satellite LOS
`delivery on a DBS. Regarding the ATDM and CFHATDM waveforms, these waveform
`are specifically designated to combat terrestrial multipath and are not intended for, nor
`
`are they eflFicient for satellite LOS delivery.
`Regarding terrestrial reinforcement by re-radiation of the satellite LOS signal
`
`30 from a terrestrial repeater, for example, a TDM waveform is not suitable because its
`
`reception is severely impaired by multipath effects. Furthermore, some proposed
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 11
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`5
`
`10
`
`systems which use CDMA waveforms for reinforcement repeat the same program signal
`using one CDMA channel code for LOS satellite delivery and another CDMA channel
`code for terrestrial re-radiated delivery on carriers that occupy the same frequency
`bandwidth. Reception is achieved by means of adaptive rake receivers. These proposed
` CDMA systems are disadvantageous because an annulus zone occurs in which reception
`is impossible between the region where the reinforcement signal can be received and the
`region where the satellite LOS signal can be received. Receivers in the annulus are not
`able to receive the terrestrial re-radiated signal because the signal power level falls below
`a receiver threshold for that signal. These receivers are also not able to receive the
`satellite LOS signal because there remains sufficient re-radiated signal to jam LOS
`satellite reception. Thus, these receivers in the annulus must move far enough away
`from the zone of re-radiation to decrease the re-radiated signal power to below the
`threshold of jamming; otherwise, LOS satellite reception is not possible.
`In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the CDMA
`15 waveform is adapted to make possible its use for simultaneous delivery via satellite LOS
`and via terrestrial re-radiation. The CDMA channel codes are assigned for each delivery
`to different RF carriers. The orthogonality thereby created permits the two signals (i.e.,
`the satellite LOS signal and the terrestrial repeater signal) to be separated by RF/IF
`filtering in the radio receiver.
`The identification of workable and unworkable waveform combinations for
`accomplishing terrestrial reinforcement of satellite LOS
`reception are listed in the
`TABLE 1.
`
`h!
`
`■H
`
`20
`
`25
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Satellite
`Waveform
`TDM
`TDM
`TDM
`TDM
`TDM
`CDMA
`CDMA
`CDMA
`
`Reinforcement Recommended
`Waveform
`TDM
`ATDM
`MCM
`CFHATDM
`CDMA
`CDMA
`AETDM
`CHFATDM
`
`X
`X
`X
`X
`X
`X
`X
`
`Not
`Recommended
`X
`
`RF Carrier Spectra
`Are:
`Same or Different .
`Same or Different
`Different
`Different
`Different
`Different
`Different
`Different
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 12
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`-7
`
`Satellite
`Waveform
`
`Reinforcement
`Waveform
`
`Recommended
`
`Not
`Recommended
`
`RF Carrier Spectra
`Are:
`
`CDMA
`
`CDMA
`
`AETDM
`CFHATDM
`
`MCM
`
`MCM
`
`ANY
`
`ANY
`
`ANY
`
`ANY
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X
`
`Different
`
`Same
`Same or Different
`Same of Different
`Same or Different
`
`AETDM waveforms can be satisfactorily implemented and operated in
`multipath environments characterized by signal propagation delays as long as 20
`5 microseconds (jis). Care must be exercised to ensure that signal arrivals from distant
`repeaters do not exceed this bound. The adaptively equalized re-radiated waveform can
`be received by radios designed to use the parent non-equalized TDM waveform when
`the former does not exhibit severe multipath. This compatibility prevents obsolescence
`of direct LOS non-equalized TDM radios when the AETDM re-radiation is turned on.
`The CFHATDM waveform can be satisfactorily implemented and operated in
`multipath environments characterized by delays as long as 65 /is. Care must be exercised
`to ensure that signal arrivals from distant repeaters do not exceed this bound. The
`waveform cannot be received by radios designed to use the parent non-equalized TDM
`
`10
`
`waveform.
`
`15
`
`The MCM waveform can be satisfactorily implemented and operated in
`multipath environments characterized by delays as long as 65 jus. The maximum delay is
`affected by the guard time assignment given to the waveform's periodic symbol period
`assignment. Care must be exercised to ensure that signal arrivals from distant repeaters
`
`do not exceed this bound. The waveform cannot be received by radios designed to use
`2 0' the parent non-equalized TDM waveform.
`The CDMA waveform can be satisfactorily implemented and operated in
`multipath environments characterized by delays determined by the span of the time
`delays implemented in the rake paths at the receivers. Care must be exercised to ensure
`• that all signal arrivals from distant repeaters, multipath reflections and different
`
`25 satellites do not exceed this bound. The waveform cannot be received by radios
`designed to use the parent non-equalized TDM waveform.
`
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`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 13
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`The satellite signals may be transmitted from one satellite or from two satellites.
`Use of two geostationary satellites sufficiently separated in their orbits creates diversity
`in the LOS elevation and azimuth angles to enhance signal reception availability. Also
`time diversity achieved by repeating a satellite signal from a single satellite, or
` transmitting a signal from two satellites with the properly selected time difference,
`further enhances the reception availability.
`
`5
`
`In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a
`waveform comprising multiple channel TDM with QPSK, Offset QPSK, Differential
`QPSK, Differentially Coded QPSK, or Minimum Shift Keyed (MSK) modulation is
`10 used for the. transmission of signals from a satellite for LOS reception by a radio.
`Terrestrial re-radiation is preferably implemented using an MCM waveform designed to
`carry a TDM bit stream of a capacity of up to 3.68 Mbit/s. MCM is preferably
`implemented which creates between 400 and 1200 multiple carriers by means of an
`Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, resulting in a symbol period between 200 and 300 fis.
`15 A guard interval of between 55 to 65 microseconds is included in each symbol period.
` The MCM waveform is designed to accommodate Doppler carrier frequency shifts
` among multipath components occurring simultaneously. Puncturing is used to
`eliminate bits or pairs of bits from the TDM bit stream to reduce the rate to a value of
`between 70% to 80% of the 3.68 Mbit/s rate. A special symbol is inserted between each
`
`20 of a selected number of FFT generated symbols periods to provide a means to recover
`symbol period timing and carrier frequency synchronization . In the receiver, a Viterbi
`soft decision trellis decoder is implemented to re-establish the bits or bit pairs punctured
`
`at the transmitter, as well as all other bits transmitted, by use of an erasure technique. In
`this technique, the decoder simply ignores the bits in locations known to have been
`2 5 punctured at the transmitter.
`TDM carrier satellite delivery of the DBS is discussed in application Serial No.
`
`08/971,049, filed November 14, 1997, the entire subject matter of which is hereby
`incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. TDM satellite delivery achieves the
`greatest satellite on-board payload efficiency possible in terms of the conversion of solar
`30 power to electromagnetic wave power. This is because single TDM carrief per tube
`operation permits each satellite traveling wave tube to operate at its saturated power
`
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`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 14
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

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`output, which is its most efficient operating point. The TDM carrier in a typical
`application is designed to deliver 96 prime bit rate increments, each bearing 16 kbit/s, to
`
`small, economical radios located in the beams of the satellite. From one to eight prime
`
`rate increments are grouped to constitute a broadcast channel. A broadcast channel can
`
`5
`
` be divided into a number of service channels for delivery of audio, video, data and
`
`multimedia.
`
`The power density delivered to the earth by TDM carriers from satellites can
`
`made very high and hence provide excellent line-of-sight (LOS) reception by radio
`
`receivers in automobiles and trucks when traveling on open highways in the coimtry
`
`lO side and in suburban areas. However, in urban areas where tall buildings abound or in
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` forests where tall towering damp foliage trees abound, LOS reception is blocked, thus
` inhibiting suitable operation of the receiver for LOS reception. Attempting to
`
` overcome these conditions by raising the satellite power is both excessively expensive
`and technically impractical. Accordingly, a more practical alternative is to augment the
`
`15 direct LOS satellite reception by adding a network of terrestrial re-radiators.
`Concerning the nature of the blockage of LOS reception consider the following.
`
`Locations directly beneath the satellite (the sub-satellite point) inherently have the
`highest elevation angles, while locations that depart from the sub-satellite point
`inherently have decreasing elevation angles and an increase of the earth center angle
`
`20 subtended between the sub-satellite location and the reception location. Receivers at
`
`locations that are near the sub-satellite point enjoy virtually unblocked LOS reception
`
`and the need for terrestrial reinforcement is minimal. However, when the LOS
`
`elevation angle to the satellite becomes less than about 85 degrees, blockage by tall
`
`buildings (i.e., > 30 m) becomes significant and terrestrial re-radiation for gap filling is
`
`25 needed to achieve satisfactory coverage for mobile radio receivers. In areas where
`building heights are low (e.g., < 10 m), blockages are not significant until the LOS
`
`elevation angle is lower than 75 degrees. At the mid-latitude and high latitude locations
`
`within the 6 degree beam width coverages of the satellites, terrestrial re-radiation of the
`
`TDM waveform is needed to achieve suitable mobile reception. Thus, fully satisfactory
`
`30 mobile reception requires a system that combines satellite LOS and terrestrial re-
`
`radiation of the satellite waveform.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 15
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

`-10
`
`5
`
`The DBS of the present invention re-radiates the LOS satellite signal from a
`multiplicity of terrestrial gapfiller transmitters, hereinafter referred to as terrestrial
`repeaters which are judiciously spaced and deployed within the central part of a city, as
`well as in metropolitan areas and suburban areas, to achieve maximum coverage. This
` type of deployment is a well recognized art for terrestrial digital audio broadcast pAB)
`and cell telephone systems and can be logically extended to terrestrial re-radiation of the
`TDM satellite LOS signal. The deployment utilizes a mix of radiated power levels
`(EIRP) ranging from as little as 1 to 10 watts for short range fill-in re-radiator
`transmitters (out to 1 km radius) to as great as 100 to 10,000 watts for re-radiators
`10 having wide area coverage (from 1 km to 10 km radius).
`Two preferred embodiments for a DBS having a satellite-LOS/terrestrial-re-
` radiation configuration are described below. The first embodiment involves one
`geostationary orbit (GSO) satellite having a judiciously selected longitude along the
`GSO arc which operates in coordination with a network of the terrestrial re-radiators.
`
`15 The second embodiment involves two satellites having different judiciously spaced GSO
`
`longitudes to achieve space and time diversity.
`The first embodiment for a DBS 10 using one GSO satellite 12 with at least one
`
`terrestrial re-radiator 14 is shown in Fig. 1. For each terrestrial re-radiating station, the
`
` LOS satellite signal is received'by antenna 1 operating in conjunction with a radio
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`20 receiver 2 to demodulate and recover the digital baseband 3 signal from the signal
`radiated from the satellite 12. The digital baseband signal is supplied to a terrestrial
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`waveform modulator 4 that generates a waveform 5 which is judiciously designed to
`make possible the recovery of the digital baseband signal after the waveform has been
`transmitted from the terrestrial re-radiator 6 and received by mobile receiver 7. The
`
`25 terrestrial re-radiated waveform is specifically chosen to withstand the dynamic
`multipath encountered over the terrestrial path between the transmitter 6 and the
`mobile receiver 7. This multipath is caused by reflections and diffractions from and
`
`around obstacles such as buildings and terrain and from troposphere wavebending and
`
`reflections.
`
`3 0
`
`Antenna 1 is designed to have high gain (> lOdBi) toward the satellite 12, while
`achieving low gain in other directions such that the LOS signal is received with low
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 16
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

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`interference and consequently very high quality (i.e. error rate < lO"'). The
`demodulator and other reception elements are those designed for all LOS radios used in
`
`the DBS and described in the aforementioned application Serial No. 08/971,049, filed
`November 14, 1997. The radios are designed to receive the 3.68 Mbit/s QPSK
`
`5 modulated TDM bit stream. The digital baseband is preferably a 3.68 Mbit/s digital
`waveform TDM bit stream that carries 96 16 kbit/s prime bit rate digital channels
`organized into broadcast channels, and side information needed to synchronize,
`deiriultiplex and control the broadcast channels and the services they bare. The
`
`terrestrial waveform modulator 4 and the waveform 5 that it generates is designed to
`10 allow reception unimpeded by the multipath vagaries 8 of the terrestrial path as
`
`described previously. Possible multipath-tolerant waveforms are adaptive equalized
` TDM, adaptive equalized multiple carrier frequency hoppers with adaptive
`equalization. Fast Fourier Transform multiple carrier modulation and CDMA with
`
`rake receivers. Terrestrial re-radiator 6 is equipped to assemble the multipath-tolerant
` 15 waveform, to frequency convert the waveform to the desired re-radiator transmitter RF
` frequency at the selected power level via a RF translator 9, and to radiate the waveform
`
`from antenna 11. The antenna 11 is designed to provide omni-directional or sector
`directional propagation in the horizontal plane and high directive toward the horizon,
`The net antenna gain is expected to range from 10 to 16 dBi. The antenna 11 can be
`
`20 located on top of a building 13 and/or on a tower at a desired height. As previously
`
`mentioned, the radiated power level can range from 1 to 10,000 watts of EIRP
`
`depending on the application.
`
`A particularly desirable multipath-tolerant re-radiated waveform uses
`
`multicarrier modulation (MCk/^. The waveform is shown in Fig. 2. A digital stream
`
`25 101, such as the 3.68 Mbit/s TDM stream is time domain divided into a number of
`parallel paths 102, for example, 460 parallel paths with each parallel path carrying 8000
`bits per second. The bits on each of these paths are paired into 2 bit symbols with one
`bit identified as the I (imaginary) component and the other as the Q (Real) component
`
`of a complex number. This creates a complex symbol rate of 4000 per second. These bits
`
`30 are fed as 460 parallel complex number frequency coefficient inputs to a Discrete Inverse
`Fourier Transform converter implemented using a 512 coefficient Inverse Fast Fourier
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. – Exhibit 1026, p. 17
`Sirius XM v. Fraunhofer – IPR2018-00690
`U.S. Patent No. 6,314,289
`
`

`

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`Transform (IFFT) 103. It is well known in the current state of the art that the Fast
`Fourier Transform algorithm must operate with 2" input and output coefficients where
`n is any integer. Thus, for n = 9,2' = 512. Since the number of coefficients is 460, the
`remaining 52 missing input coefficients are set equal to zero. This is done by assigning
`5 23 zero-valued coefficients at each the uppermost and lower most IFFT inputs, thus
`leaving the 460 center coefficients assigned to non-zero values. The output 104 of the
`IFFT is a set of 460 QPSK-modulated, orthogonal sine coefficients which constitute 460
`narrow band orthogonal carriers, each supporting a symbol rate of 4000 per second and
`consequently having a symbol period of 250 jus. No carriers appear at the output of the
`
`10 IFFT 103 for the coefficients that are set equal to zero.
`The IFFT multicarrier output 104 is further processed to create a guard interval
`105 for the set of 460 complex symbol narrow band orthogonal carr