`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC AND
`AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS OF NEW YORK, LLC,
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`ALMIRALL, LLC
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Case IPR2018-00608
`Patent No. 9,161,926 B2
`
`PATENT OWNER’S DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBITS
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`

`

`Patent 9,161,926
`
`Case IPR2018‐00608
`
`ALMIRALL, LLC
`
`v.
`
`AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS OF NEW YORK, LLC
`
`AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC  and
`
`

`

`2
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`U.S. Patent 9,161,926 ‐Claims
`
`

`

`3
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`U.S. Patent 9,161,926 ‐Claims
`
`
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`4
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`5
`
`patent claims obvious
`Under either party’s definition, the asserted grounds do not render the ʼ926
`
`acne and other dermatological conditions.
`and would have consulted with a person have clinical experience treating
`
`pharmaceutical formulations, or a related field;
`or a related discipline, plus some experience in drug delivery,
`(ii) a doctoral degree in chemistry, polymer science, pharmaceutics,
`or
`or a related field;
`years of experience in drug delivery, pharmaceutical formulations,
`science, pharmaceutics, or a related discipline, plus at least three
`(i) a bachelor-or master-level degree in chemistry, polymer
`
`Either:
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`

`

`6
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`
`The ʼ926 patent defines dapsone, and distinguishes it from its derivatives:
`Intrinsic evidence:
`
`
`
`”8525o_chc_
`
`
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`“Dapsone”
`
`structure:
`known as 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, with the following chemical
`The term “dapsone” should be construed to mean the compound also
`
`”232:5
`
`

`

`7
`
`Multilayer Stretch Cling Film Holdings, Inc. v. Berry Plastics Corp., 831 F.3d 1350, 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2016).
`
`is closed.1
`to “overcome the exceptionally strong presumption” that the term
`history “unmistakably manifest an alternative meaning” sufficient
`
`•Petitioner has not shown that the specification or prosecution
`
`unrecited elements.
`“Consisting of” means the claim term is closed, excluding
`
`•
`
`“a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of acrylamide/sodium
`
`acryloyldimethyltauratecopolymer.”
`
`The claimed compositions comprise about 2-6% w/w
`
`(Claim 1) or about 4% w/w (Claim 5) of
`
`Polymeric Viscosity Builder “Consisting of” A/SA Copolymer
`
`

`

`8
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`9
`
`•Potential antibiotic resistance
`•Dapsone had second-line status as acne treatment
`•Numerous other equally or more promising agents
`
`ingredient
`treatment would not have selected dapsone as the active
`POSA seeking to make an improved acne or rosacea
`
`No Motivation to Develop New Topical Dapsone Formulation
`
`

`

`10
`
`the pore
`Inflammatory response in and around
`
`•
`
`•Bacteria (P. acnes)
`
`•Excess skin cells blocking the pore
`•Excess oil (sebum) production
`The Four Causes of Acne:
`
`(perifollicular hyperkeratinization)
`
`Pilosebaceous Unit
`
`Acne –a Multifactorial Disease
`
`

`

`11
`
`Antibiotics (antibacterial & indirectly anti-inflammatory)
`
`clindamycin
`erythromycin
`
`inflammatory)
`Benzoyl Peroxide (acts against P. acnes and anti-
`
`inflammatory)
`Retinoids (act against excess skin and anti-
`Primary
`
`tazarotene
`tretinoin
`adapalene
`
`Topical Acne Treatment Options as of 2012
`
`

`

`12
`
`NV
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`
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`Ex. 2026 at 4
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`Ex. 2013 at 5
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`Dapsone’s Second‐Line Status as an Acne Treatment
`
`$5..
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`

`

`13
`
`•ACZONE®Gel, 5% already optimized
`
`•Petitioner has not identified a problem solved, design need,
`
`formulation
`or market pressure for a different topical dapsone
`
`•Effective topical dermatological treatments available, while
`
`dapsone looked at with skepticism as of 2012
`
`No Motivation to Develop New Topical Dapsone Formulation
`
`

`

`14
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`15
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`lwEEON.xm.
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`Ex. 2051 at 1
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`FDA removed testing & monitoring requirement in 2008
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`Ex. 1004 at 10:4-12, 10: 22-25
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`
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`composition as of 2012
`FDA-approved topical dapsone
`ACZONE®Gel, 5% = only
`
`Only Hindsight Can Explain Choice of Garrett
`
`aE:m:22m
`
`•2005 label required testing
`
`blood monitoring
`for G6PD-deficiency &
`
`G6PD-deficient patients
`formulation was not harmful to
`only to show that this
`Garrett, filed in 2007, sought
`
`

`

`16
`
`•Garrett contemplates additional APIs, but nothing in it excludes
`
`adapalene
`
`•As acne is a multifactorial disease, a skilled artisan would have sought to
`
`incorporate multiple APIs (specifically adapalene)
`address as many of the causes of acne as possible, and would
`
`•As of 2012, adapalene was a first-line treatment for acne on its own and
`
`in combination with other drugs
`
`Garrett Provides No Motivation to Exclude Adapalene
`
`

`

`17
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`18
`
`antimicrobial agents than the claimed 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl sulfone.
`Cites art showing that several dapsone derivatives are more effective
`
`Ex. 1004 at 8:18-26
`
`related compounds.”
`Garrett defines “dapsone” to include “dapsone analogs” and “dapsone
`
`Garrett Teaches Away from Using the Claimed Dapsone Compound
`
`

`

`19
`
`thousands of compounds
`
`hundreds of compounds
`
`mw: 278.3 g/mol
`C12H14N4O2S
`
`diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine:
`one examplesubstituted 2,4-
`
`e.g., bis(4,3-aminophenyl)sulfone
`
`similar therapeutic potential, but
`“chemical compounds that have
`
`are not as closely related by
`
`such as substituted 2,4-diamino-
`chemical structure to dapsone[,]
`
`5-benzylpyrimidines”
`
`Dapsone related
`
`compounds
`
`thus similar therapeutic potential
`similar chemical structures and
`
`“chemical compounds with
`Dapsone analogs
`
`to dapsone, such as the
`
`substituted bis(4-aminophenyl)-
`
`sulfones”
`
`single compound
`
`mw: 248.3 g/mol
`C12H12N2O2S
`
`4,4´-diaminodiphenyl sulfone
`
`Dapsone
`
`Dapsone Analogs and Dapsone Related Compounds
`
`

`

`20
`
`•Risk of serious side effects (e.g., hemolytic anemia) from
`•ACZONE®Gel, 5% product already optimized
`
`50% increase in concentration
`
`commercially available ACZONE®Gel, 5% product.
`
`•Sole example of formulation in Garrett discloses
`
`No Motivation to Use Dapsone Concentration of 7.5%
`
`

`

`21
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`22
`
`claimed 30% (claim 5) or 30% to 40% (claim 1)
`No motivation to increase DGME concentration to
`
`•Sole example in Garrett uses 25% DGME
`•Safety concerns with increased DGME concentration
`
`•Altering dapsone concentration or DGME concentration
`
`would compromise that ratio
`
`•Osborne taught ratio of microparticulate to dissolved
`
`dapsone in ACZONE®Gel, 5% optimized
`
`No Motivation to Use Increased DGME Concentration Claimed
`
`

`

`23
`
`•Even assuming all of the above, no motivation to combine Garrett with
`
`•No asserted reference discloses a polymeric viscosity builder consisting of
`Nadau-Fourcadeor Bonacucina
`
`A/SA copolymer in claimed concentration(s)
`
`•Even assuming increase of dapsone to 7.5%, no motivation to increase
`
`solvent to claimed concentrations
`
`•Even accepting Garrett as a primary reference, no motivation to increase
`
`7.5%
`the concentration of dapsone, let alone to choose a concentration of
`
`Garrettto develop a new topical pharmaceutical formulation of dapsone
`•Even assuming such motivation, no credible evidence of motivation in
`
`•Not credible that person of ordinary skill in the art as of 2012 would be
`
`composition
`motivated to formulate a novel dapsonetopical pharmaceutical
`
`Petitioners Have Not Proven Unpatentability
`
`

`

`24
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`than those disclosed in Garrett
`polymeric viscosity builder other
`would have chosen to use a
`skilled artisan, without hindsight,
`•Petitioner fails to explain why a
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`Garrett’s disclosure:
`
`Garrett Provides No Motivation to Use Claimed A/SA Copolymer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`different polymeric viscosity builder
`patent—suggests to use a
`•Nothing in the art—only the
`
`not A/SA copolymer
`polymeric viscosity builders, but
`
`•Garrett discloses a number of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`

`25
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`Ex. 1005 at 38:4-6;, 41:12-14
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`.mauufluflfifi33E:EnmémfiunHun:5.5EEmu“Eu—n:
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`AEEQEOQ
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`
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`completely dissolved
`undissolved (microparticulate) states; in Nadau-Fourcade, the API is
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`•The compositions of Garrett have API in a ratio of dissolved and
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`
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`camUm>_omm_cU60:9mc__n_<w>mc3950U620:68:509:..
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`No Motivation to Combine with Nadau‐Fourcade
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`

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`26
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`•Nothing but hindsight can explain the choice of Bonacucinaas a
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`combination with Garrett
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`Garrett
`among numerous alternatives with established safety disclosed in
`have discouraged a skilled artisan from choosing it as an excipient from
`•Sepineo’slack of approval in any FDA-approved drugs as of 2012 would
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`•Bonacucinadoes not disclose Sepineo’suse in any treatment, nor how it
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`would function with an API
`
`are smooth does not address this
`crystallization of the dapsone; Bonacucina’sdisclosure that Sepineogels
`“Grittiness” of ACZONE®Gel, 5% composition is due to the desired
`
`•
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`No Motivation to Combine with Bonacucina
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`

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`27
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`•Petitioner relies on Garrett for concentration, but provides no reason why a
`
`concentrations disclosed for different compounds in Garrett
`skilled artisan would expect success using A/SA copolymer at the
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`•Further, Petitioner has offered no evidence of how much A/SA copolymer is
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`disclosed
`in Sepineo® P 600, so cannot show that the claimed concentrations are
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`•Disclosure of Sepineo® P 600 is not a disclosure of the claimed polymeric
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`viscosity builder consisting of A/SA copolymer
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`•Sepineo® P 600 contains other ingredients, including isohexadecaneand
`builder that consists of A/SA copolymer
`The claims require 2-6% (claim 1) or 4% (claim 5) of a polymeric viscosity
`
`sorbitanoleate, water, and Polysorbate 80.”)
`viscosity builder is an [A/SA] copolymer, and further includesisohexadecane,
`viscosity builder. Ex. 1001 at 5:35-38 (“In some embodiments, the polymeric
`•The ʼ926 patent expressly considers that these may be part of the polymeric
`polysorbate 80
`
`Polymeric Viscosity Builder
`Neither Nadau‐FourcadeNor BonacucinaDisclose the Claimed 
`
`

`

`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6, I hereby certify that on June 3, 2019, the
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`foregoing PATENT OWNER’S DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBITS was served by
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`electronic mail on the following counsel of record for petitioner:
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`Dennies Varughese (dvarughe-PTAB@skgf.com)
`Adam C. LaRock (alarock-PTAB@skgf.com)
`PTAB@skgf.com
`Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox
`1100 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 600
`Washington, DC 20005
`
`In addition, a copy of PATENT OWNER’S DEMONSTRATIVE
`
`EXHIBITS was served on the foregoing counsel of record on May 27, 2019.
`
`Dated: June 3, 2019
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`
`Respectfully submitted,
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`FENWICK & WEST LLP
`
`
`By:/ James S. Trainor/
`James S. Trainor (Reg. No. 52,297)
`
`Attorneys for Patent Owner
`Almirall, LLC
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