United States Patent [19]
`Adler et al.
`
`3,797,0l0
`1111
`[45] Mar. 12, 1974
`
`[54] JOGGING COMPUTER
`
`3,518,985
`
`7/1970 Quinton ........................... .. 128/205
`
`[75] Inventors: Ronald E. Adler, 1410 35th St.
`NW” Washington, DC. 20007;
`Ronald R Bax, 6736 Bowie Dr"
`Spring?eld’ va_ 22150
`[731 Assignees: said Adler and Bax; Gary Coates,
`Ashton, Md.; Wayne Johnson,
`Alexandria, Va. ; part interest to
`each
`
`.
`,
`July 31’ 1972
`[22] Flled‘
`[21] Appl. No.: 276,470
`
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`324/161- ‘73/507 518,- 235/9’2 CA 92
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`
`[56]
`
`3,395,698
`3,454,942
`3,717,857
`3,717,140
`3,316,902
`
`_
`References cued
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`8/1968 Morehouse .................. .. 128/2.05 R
`7/1969 Chamberlin, Jr. et al- ....... .. 340/323
`2/1973 Evans ................................ .. 340/323
`2/1973 Greenwood .... ..
`128/206 F
`5/1967
`Winchel et a] ................. .. l28/2.1 R
`
`_
`_
`Przrnary Examiner-John W. Caldwell
`Asszstant Examiner-Robert Mooney
`Attorney, Agent, or FIrm-—W1gman & Cohen
`
`ABSTRACT
`{57]
`This disclosure relates to a portable solid-state device
`for measuring and indicating physical exercise
`achievement attained through exercises, for example,
`walking, running and/or jogging in place or over a dis
`tance course in accordance with a predetermined ex
`ercise regimen. The device includes a digital computer
`to which is fed the output from an electromechanical
`sensor adapted to generate an electrical impulse in re
`sponse to each step taken by an individual while walk
`ing, running or jogging at or above a predetermined
`rate. The computer counts the number of steps taken
`by the exerciser and measures thelrate thereof, and
`integrates the product of the number and rate over the
`period of the exercise. The level'of the integral is con
`tinuously compared to a pre-programmed schedule of
`_ a predetermined exercise regimen, and either audible
`or visual signal means or both are provided for indi
`eating desired levels of achievement of the exercise
`regimen.
`
`16 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures
`
`[6
`
`17)
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`
`IPR2018-00565
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`PATENTED MAR 1 2 1974
`
`3.797.010.
`
`SHEET 1 OF 5
`
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`PATENTED MAR12 1074
`
`SHEET 2 OF 5
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`Garmin EX1012 Page 3
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`PATENTED WAR 12 1974
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`PATENTEDMAR1 2 1874
`
`3,797,010
`
`SHEET S OF S
`
`IPR2018-00565
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`1
`JOGGING COMPUTER
`
`3,797,010
`
`v
`
`2
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`It is a primary object of this invention to simplify ad
`herence to an exercise regimen involving a “points"
`system.
`Another object of this invention is to promote run
`ning and jogging as a form of systematized exercise by
`eliminating the need for a measured track, stop watch
`and mental computations from “points” system regi
`
`mens.
`
`'
`
`More particularly, it is an object of this invention to
`provide a device for measuring and indicating directly
`in ‘.‘points” physical exercise achievement attained
`through walking, running or jogging in accordance with
`a predetermined exercise regimen.
`Another object of this invention is to provide a de
`vice which will provide a continuous or periodic indica
`tion that an exerciser is moving above a threshold rate
`commensurate with a predetermined exercise regimen.
`A further object of this invention is to provide a de
`vice for measuring and indicating in “points" physical
`exercise achievement attained in accordance with a
`predetermined exercise regimen which avoids the pos
`sibility of an exerciser inadvertently over-exerting him
`
`self.
`
`’
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates generally to the ?eld of physi
`cal exercising, and more particularly to the art of mea
`suring and indicating physical exercise achievement at
`tained by an individual in accordance with a predeter
`mined exercise regimen or program.
`Routine physical exercise has long been extolled by
`virtually every medical authority as essential to good
`health and longevity. Because of modern conveniences
`and work-saving technology, the average person ex
`pends less physical energy today than did his counter
`parts in generations past. As a result, the current gener
`ation, particularly in the Unites States, by and large
`does not get the physical exercise necessary for good
`health.
`In the past several years, there has been a gradual
`awakening to the need for a more systematized ap
`proach to the problem of exercise. Particularly, individi
`uals in the over-thirty years age bracket are having rou
`tine exercise prescribed by their physicians as a preven
`tive measure against heart disease and other associated
`cardio-vascular disorders. Numerous recent publica
`tions have recognized a correlation between physical
`fitness and exercise and have delineated detailed regi
`mens or programs of exercise intended to yield the de
`sired results.
`_
`‘
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`Chief among these publications are two books, Coo
`per, Aerobics, M. Evans and Company, Inc., New York,
`N. Y. (1968) and Cooper, The New Aerobics, M. Evans
`and Company, Inc., New York, N. Y. (1970). These
`books stress the bene?ts of exercises, particularly run
`ning and jogging, which increases blood circulation,
`breathing, and the use oflungs. The author, Kenneth H.
`Cooper, M.D., has devised a detailed exercise regimen
`which produces output or achievement in a point sys
`tem, the “aerobics” point system. These books, and
`others like them, have contributed in large part to a vir
`tual jogging boom in the United States and elsewhere.
`On any given day, in parks, playgrounds, gymnasiums
`and streets, people can be found walking, running and
`jogging to earn their “points.”
`The “aerobics” system, as well as other similar sys
`tems, requires an individual to walk, to run or to jog in
`place or on a measured track with a stop watch to de
`termine his rate of speed. Thereafter, the individual
`must refer to tables and charts and make mental com
`putations to arrive at his earned number of “points.”
`The problems inherent in such a program are, of
`course, numerous. Not only does the individual have to
`find a measured track, but he must make frequent ref
`erence to the books and tables, stop watches, distances,
`pacers, and ?nally make his computations. Moreover,
`after running a given distance, the exerciser may ?nd
`that he was running too slowly and thus not qualify for
`any “points." The exerciser may in some instances run
`at too high a rate, not realizing that he may be over
`exerting himself, until he finishes running the selected
`measured track and then notes the elapsed time. Such
`over-‘exertion may be physically harmful to some indi
`viduals.
`
`45
`
`55
`
`65
`
`Still another object of this invention is to provide a
`portable solid-state device adapted to be carried by a
`person and which is operatively arranged to sense and
`to count the number of steps taken by the person while
`walking, running or jogging, as well as to determine the
`rate thereof, and which will make mathematical com
`putations to determine the energy output of the exer
`ciser and compare that output to a predetermined exer
`cise regimen schedule, and which will signal the exer
`ciser to indicate desired levels of achievement of the
`exercise regimen.
`.
`.
`Brie?y, these and other objects are accomplished in
`accordance with this invention by providing a portable,
`solid-state, miniature digital computer adapted to be
`strapped to the belt or otherwise conveniently carried
`on the person of an individual while walking, running
`or jogging, and which is adapted to sense automatically,
`to compute and to report exercise achievement directly
`in “aerobic” points. By “aerobic” points, of course, is
`meant the measure of exercise achievement in accor
`dance with Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper’s system of earned
`points, as explained in his books, Aerobics, supra, and
`The New Aerobics, supra. It should be understood, of
`course, that while the invention is speci?cally de
`scribed herein as keyed to the “aerobics” point system,
`the computer of this invention could be pre
`programmed in accordance with any other similar
`point system or exercise regimen which lends itself to
`measuring achievement in speci?c units.
`The device includes an electromechanical trans
`ducer, in the form of an accelerometer, which is capa
`ble of sensing each step taken by an exerciser while
`walking, running or jogging either in place or over a
`distance course. The accelerometer in conjunction
`with associated circuitry produces a train of electrical
`impulses which are used as an input to the computer.
`Preferably, the transducer may be a piezo-electric crys
`tal having a cantilevered weight for converting me
`chanical impulses to electric signals. It should be un
`derstood, however, that other type sensors may be used
`within the scope of the invention.
`
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`3,797,010
`
`4
`contributing to the “points” which are to be accumu
`Iated.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`With the above and other objects in view as may
`hereinafter appear, the nature of the invention can be
`more clearly understood by reference to the several
`views illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the fol
`lowing detailed description thereof, and the appended
`claimed subject matter.
`FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of an exerciser who has a
`portable exercise measuring and indicating device con
`structed in accordance with this invention on his per- >
`son.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative embodi
`ment of an exercise measuring and indicating device
`constructed according to the present invention, audible
`and visual indicating means being provided.
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a second preferred em
`bodiment of an exercise measurement and indicating
`device constructed according to the present invention,
`visual and audible indicating means being provided.
`FIGS. 4A and 4B are a detailed schematic and block
`diagram of a major portion of the device illustrated in
`FIG. 3, and illustrates detailed circuitry for some of the
`elements shown as blocks in FIG. 3.
`
`5
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`15
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`25
`
`3
`The number of electrical impulses coming from the
`sensor (which corresponds to the number of steps
`taken by the exerciser), provided they accrue at least
`at a minimum rate, are counted by the computer which
`also measures the rate thereof with respect to time. The
`product of the number of steps and the rate at which
`they are taken is integrated continuously over the full
`' period of the exercise. The computer accumulates the
`integrated input data and constantly compares the level
`of the integral to a pre-programmed exercise regimen
`schedule. When the level of the integral corresponds to
`predetermined points on the exercise regimen sched
`ule, the computer indicates to the exerciser the
`achievement directly in the units of the regimen; for ex
`ample, “points” in the “aerobic” point system. The sig
`nal may be either an audible signal or a visual signal, or
`a combination of both audible and visual signals. More
`over, the reporting system is preferably continual; i.e.,
`periodic indications are given to the exerciser as he at
`tains cumulative levels of achievement of the exercise
`I regimen, even in circumstances which exist during ex
`ercise periods involving changes in the exercising rate.
`Thus, an exerciser can avoid the possibility of inadver
`tently over-exercising and need not during a single ex
`ercise period exercise at a ?xed rate.
`In the preferred embodiment of the invention, as de
`scribed herein, “aerobics” tables from Dr. Kenneth H.
`. Cooper’s books, Aerobics, supra, and The New Aerobics,
`supra, are plotted as curves on a chart and programmed
`into the computer. The curves plot walking, jogging
`and running speed against earned “aerobic” points and
`yield a certain amount of “points” for running at a
`given rate for a given distance. Moreover, the curves
`are exponential'rather than linear such that the yield in
`“points" is greater at the higher rates of running speed.
`It has been found that the computer of this invention
`will report “aerobic” points within a ?fteen percent
`error of the “aerobic” tables. This error may be‘ attrib
`uted primarily to the variations under actual running
`conditions from the assumed constant length of stride
`and average grade conditions programmed into the
`computer. In the case of stationary running or jogging,
`the stride rate error is non-existent and the primary er
`rors are due to variations in ?tting the computer curve
`to the aerobics curve and to variations due to battery
`aging and temperature variations. These errors, at max
`imum, are about 1*:7.0 percent.
`In keeping with the “aerobics” system, the computer
`includes an internal clock which advances at a prede
`termined rate against which the rate of the incoming
`data is measured. If the rate of the incoming data is
`below the rate of the clock, the data is rejected and
`thus does not contribute to the integrated output level.
`I Consequently, if the exerciser is walking, running or
`jogging below the predetermined threshold level, his
`efforts will not count towards the attainment of his ex
`ercise objective. In one embodiment of the invention,
`the computer will signal the exerciser when he is run
`ning below the threshold level. In any event, even if the
`exerciser is running above the threshold rate, the com
`puter mathematically performs a subtraction of the
`threshold rate from the incoming signal such that the
`only data which is integrated is that which exceeds the
`threshold level. Preferably, the threshold level may be
`set by the exerciser in accordance with his desire to
`run, to jog or to walk, so as to exclude signals devel
`oped in the last or the two lesser speed modes from
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`
`EMBODIMENTS .
`In FIG. 1, an exerciser, generally designated by the
`numeral 6, is provided with a belt 7 which carries a por
`table, battery powered, solid-state exercise measuring
`and indicating device 8 constructed in accordance with
`the present invention. It is to be understood, of course,
`that the device 8 could be carried‘equally well on the
`person of the exerciser 6 by other conventional means.
`As shown in FIG. 1, the exercise measuring and indi
`cating device 8 includes an on-off switch 9 for energiz
`ing the device 8. A threshold lever selector switch 10_
`is provided to allow the exerciser 6 to select either a
`walking, a jogging or a, running threshold level. A
`shaded visual indicator 11, preferably in the form of a
`liquid crystal two-digit decimal number display, is posi~
`tioned on the uppermost surface of the device 8 so as
`to be readily readable by the exerciser 6. An audible
`signal-producing means, such as a loud speaker 12, is
`provided in addition to the visual indicator 11. It is to
`be understood that, in some applications, the device 8
`could be provided only with the visual indicator 11 or
`the loud speaker 12. A three-position selector switch
`13 is provided which allows the exerciser 6 to select for
`display on the visual indicator 11 data representing ei
`ther distance, elapsed time or accumulated “aerobic”
`points. A control knob 14 is provided to adjust the de
`vice 8 so as to accommodate for different strides, e.g.,
`short, medium and long.
`Referring to FIG. 2, the exercise measuring and in di
`cating device includes an accelerometer 16, in the form
`of a loaded, cantilevered, piezo-electric crystal or an
`electromagnetic pickup, which generates a distinct
`electrical impulse once for each step taken by an exer
`ciser, such as the exerciser 6, shown in FIG. 1. The
`electrical impulses which are processed by a monosta
`ble multivibrator are electrical signal representation of
`the rate of change of acceleration (the second deriva
`tive a vertical velocity. with respect to time) commonly
`known as “jerk.” The distinct electrical impulses from
`
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`5
`the accelerometer 16 are fed to a monostable multivi~
`brator 17 which responds to the distinct impulses and
`produces a train of regularly shaped pulses, the pulse
`repetition rate corresponding to the repetition rate of
`the distinct processed electrical impulses received from
`the accelerometer 16. The monostable multivibrator
`l7 acts essentially as a pulse shaper.
`A pulse rate comparator 18 has a ?rst input opera
`tively coupled to the output from the monostable multi
`vibrator l7 and a second input coupled to the output
`from a threshold clock pulse generator 20. The thresh
`old clock pulse generator 20 generates a train of pulses
`having a predetermined repetition rate which corre
`sponds to an exercise rate which is to be excluded from
`the computation of “aerobic” points. It is preferred
`that the threshold clock pulse generator be settable to
`one or another of three rates, the lowest rate being a
`threshold level for the earning of “aerobic" points by
`walking, the highest rate being a threshold level for the
`earning of points by running and the middle rate being
`a threshold level for earning points by jogging.
`The pulse rate comparator 18 has two output signals.
`A first output signal, which appears only when the
`pulse repetition rate of the pulse from the multivibrator
`17 is less than the pulse repetition rate of the pulse
`from the clock pulse generator 20, is fed via an inhibit
`gate 21 to a low frequency audio oscillator 22 as its en
`abling signal. The output of the low frequency audio
`oscillator 22 is coupled to a drive coil 23 which drives
`a speaker 24. It is to be understood that the speaker 24
`and its associated drive coil 23 may be advantageously
`replaced by a small, lightweight ceramic transducer of
`known construction. Such transducers have high
`acoustic output with low power input. Whenever an ex
`erciser is performing at too low a rate to accumulate
`“aerobic” points in a selected regimen, as determined
`by the output from the clock pulse generator 20, the
`low frequency audio-oscillator 22 produces a distinct,
`low frequency output signal which is reproduced by the
`speaker 24 thereby signaling the exerciser to increase
`the rate of his exercise activity for example, his jogging
`speed.
`'
`A second difference output signal from the rate com
`parator 18, in the form of a train of pulses correspond
`45
`ing to the positive difference between the train of
`pulses produced by the mutivibrator l7 and the train
`produced by the clock pulse generator 20, appears only
`when the pulse repetition rate of the pulses from the
`multivibrator 17 is equal to or greater than the pulse
`repetition rate of the pulses from the clock pulse gener
`ator 20. This second output signal is fed to an accumu
`lator 25 which is operatively arranged to count the
`number of pulses and provide a digital output signal in
`dicative of the number of “aerobic” points or the like
`being earned by the exerciser.
`The digital output signal from the accumulator 25 is
`fed to the input of a digital-to-analog converter 26
`which produces an analog output signal, the analog
`output signal being fed, via the ?rst input terminal of
`a multiposition selector switch 36, to a meter 27 which
`is calibrated and preferably includes a scale which can
`be directly read in “aerobic” points.
`The train of pulses from the monostable multivibra
`tor 17 are also fed to the input ofa second accumulator
`32 which is operatively arranged to count the number
`of pulses and provides a digital output signal indicative
`of the distance or effective distance, in the case the ex
`
`65
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`
`6
`erciser is exercising in place. The accumulator 32, as
`well as the accumulator 25, is preferably adjustable so
`as to accommodate different strides, the adjustment
`being made by the particular exerciser. The digital out
`put signal from the accumulator 32 is fed to a digital—to
`analog converter 33 which produces an analog output
`signal. The analog output signal from the converter 33
`is fed to the second input terminal of the multiposition
`selector switch 36. Thus, an exerciser while exercising
`may by manipulating the selector switch 36 provide an
`input to the meter 27 directly representing the distance
`of effective distance. In this case, the meter 27 would
`be provided with a second scale which can be directly
`read in distance units.
`The threshold clock pulse generator 20 has a second
`output, in the form of a train of pulses of ?xed repeti
`tion rate, which is fed to a third accumulator 34. The
`third accumulator 34 is operatively arranged to count
`the number of pulses received from the threshold clock
`pulse generator 20 and provides a digital output signal
`indicative of the elapsed time of the exercise period.
`The digital output signal from the third accumulator 34
`is fed to a digital-to-analog converter 35 which, in turn,
`produces an analog output signal representative of
`elapsed time. The output signal from the digital-to
`analog converter 35 is fed to the third input terminal of
`the multiposition selector switch 36. During an exercise
`period, an exerciser, again by manipulating the selector
`switch 36, may select an input for the meter 27 which
`directly represents the elapsed time. The meter 27, in
`this case, has a third scale calibrated in time units.
`A second from the accumulator 25, which appears
`whenever a given number of “aerobic” points, for ex
`ample, one (1) or one-tenth (0.1), have been earned by
`the exerciser as determined by the accumulator 25, is
`fed to the input of a monostable multivibrator 28. In
`turn, the multivibrator 28 produces two pulse output
`signs in response to the output signal from the accumu
`lator 25. The ?rst output signal is fed to the inhibiting
`input of the inhibit gate 21 to prevent any enabling sig
`nal to pass to the low frequency audio-oscillator 22
`from the comparator 18. This first output signal pulse
`from the multivibrator 28 is also fed to a high fre
`quency audio-oscillator 30 as its enabling signal. The
`output of the high frequency audio-oscillator 30 is cou
`pled to the drive coil 23 which drives the speaker 24.
`Thus, whenever an exerciser has earned the prepro
`grammed number of “aerobic” points, for example one
`(1) or one-tenth (0.1 ), the high frequency audio
`oscillator 30 produces a distinct high frequency output
`signal which is reproduced by the speaker 24. In this
`manner, the exerciser determines that he has earned a
`given point level. If his goal is to earn three (3) points
`during one exercise period, for example, and the high
`frequency audio-oscillator responses to each earned
`point, he simply counts the number of times the high
`frequency tone is heard.
`A second output signal pulse from the monostable
`multivibrator 28 is fed to a reset gate 31 which, in turn,
`produces a reset signal for resetting the accumulators
`25, 32 and 34, and the digital-to-analog converters 26,
`33 and 35.
`The preferred embodiment of the exercise measuring
`and indicating device, as illustrated in FIG. 3, includes
`an accelerometer 37, an underdamped loaded cantile
`ver piezo-electric crystal or the like. The accelerometer
`37 is operatively arranged to ring and produces a series
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`of damped oscillations, one damped oscillatory wave
`being produced for each step taken by an exerciser.
`The output signals from the accelerometer 37 are fed
`to an amplitude comparator 38 via a unity gain, high
`input impedance ampli?er 39. The function of the am
`plitude comparator 38 is to compare the ?rst derivative
`of vertical acceleration (jerk) produced by the just
`taken step with the ?rst derivative of the vertical accel
`eration (jerk) of the preceding step. If the signal pro
`duced by the present step does not reach a predeter
`mined level, for example 50 percent, of the signal pro
`duced by the previous step, the signal is rejected and
`not passed to a lockout circuit 40, preferably a one
`shot multivibrator. This comparison functions essen
`tially as a variable amplitude discriminator to reject low
`level and spurious signals.
`The amplitude comparator 38 essentially passes a
`portion of the highest magnitude half wave signal it re
`ceives from the ampli?er 39 to the lockout circuit 40.
`The lockout circuit 40 is a one-shot multivibrator
`which produces an output pulse of approximately 0.2
`seconds duration for each signal it receives from the
`amplitude comparator 38. This 0.2 second pulse is fed
`to a clock control circuit 41 which, in turn, in response
`to the pulses it receives produces, by integration, a vari
`25
`able direct voltage control signal, the magnitude of
`which is directly related to‘ the repetition rate of the
`input pulses. .The variable direct voltage control signal
`from the control circuit 41 is fed to the threshold clock
`pulse generator 42 and is effective to vary the pulse
`repetition rate of its signal output thereby providing
`that at higher exercise rates a single event sensed by the
`accelerometer 37 represents a greater contribution to
`an “aerobic” point than at the lower rates. The output
`pulses from the clock pulse generator 42 are fed to a
`counter 43 which, in turn, provides a divided-by-four
`output pulse train to the first input of a rate comparator
`44.
`A function of the one-shot lockout circuit 40, in addi- ‘
`40
`tion to supplying an input to the control circuit 41, is
`to assure that the device of the present invention is im
`mune to noise signals and other spurious signals which
`otherwise may appear shortly after the piezo-electric
`crystal forming the active part of the accelerometer 37
`rings and which otherwise would affect the output from
`the rate comparator 44.
`'
`A second input of the rate comparator 44 is coupled
`to receive pulse signals from the one-shot lockout cir
`cuit 40. The threshold clock pulse generator 42, when
`not disabled by action of the control circuit 41, gener
`ates a train of pulses having a predetermined repetition
`rate which corresponds to an exercise rate which is to
`be excluded from the computation of “aerobic” points.
`As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the threshold
`clock pulse generator 42 is a generator whose rate can
`be varied or set to one or another of three basic rates
`depending on the type. of exercise involved, i.e., walk
`ing, jogging or running. As illustrated, the rate compar~
`ator 44 has two output signals. A ?rst output signal,
`which appears only when the pulse repetition rate of
`the train of pulses from the lockout circuit 40 is less
`than the pulse repetition rate of the train of pulses from
`the counter 43, is fed to a low rate tone generator 45
`which produces a low frequency audio signal which is
`fed to an audio output driver 46 of a speaker 47, the
`audio output driver 46 has two. other inputs, which are
`to be explained below, and acts as a linear mixer. The
`
`8
`speaker 47 and its associated coil (unnumbered) may
`be replaced, if desired, by a ceramic transducer. Wher
`ever an exerciser is performing at too low a rate to'ac
`cumulate “aerobic” points in a selected regimen, the
`tone generator 45 responds, signaling the exerciser, via
`the speaker 47, to increase the rate of his activity, for
`example, his walking speed. It is to be understood that
`the tone generator 47 is not essentially element of this
`invention and may be omitted.
`A second difference output signal, in the form of a
`train of pulses, from the rate comparator 44 is fed to a
`?rst accumulator 48. This train of pulses has a repeti
`tion rate determined by the positive rate difference be
`tween the train of pulses supplied from the lockout cir~
`cuit 40 and the train of pulses supplied from the thresh
`old clock pulse generator 42 via the divide-by-four out
`put from the counter 43.
`~
`The ?rst accumulator 48 is a digital counter which
`responds to the train ‘of pulses it receives from the rate
`comparator 44 and provides, as its principal output, a
`coded digital signal, preferably in the form of a binary
`coded decimal signal representing one-tenth of an
`“aerobic” point. This binary coded decimal signal is
`fed to a decoder, In the form of a four-input AND gate
`49, which produces a pulse output signal for each accu
`mulated tenth of an “aerobic” point. This pulse output
`signal is fed via a differentiator 50 to a three-input
`NOR gate 51 which gates on an audio oscillator 52 pro
`ducing an audio tone of short duration, such as a tenth
`of a second, so as to provide a “beep” upon the accu
`mulation of every one-theth of an “aerobic” point, The
`“beep” sound is audibly produced in the speaker 47
`which receives an audio output from the gated audio
`oscillator 52 via the audio output driver 46.
`The decoder 49 also supplies a reset signal to the first
`accumulator 48 for resetting the accumulator 48 upon
`the occurrence of each tenth one of the accumulated
`tenths of an “aerobic” point. It is to be understood that
`the ?rst accumulator 48 is preferably adjustable so as
`to be accommodated to an individual exerciser’s stride.
`The decoder 49 also supplies each of its pulse signals
`representing a tenth of an “aerobic” point to a second
`accumulator 53 which is a decade counter, responding
`to the train of pulses received from the decoder 49. The
`second accumulator 53, in turn, provides as its princi
`pal output a coded digital signal, in the form'of a binary
`coded decimal representing tenths of an “aerobic”
`point. This binary coded decimal signal is fed, in bit
`parallel, to a decoder 54 which decodes the received
`binary coded decimal signal received from the second
`accumulator 53 into a seven segment coded signal
`which is fed to a conventional seven segmented liquid
`crystal display member 55, a decimal number being
`produced in the display member 55 which allows the
`exerciser to read his currently earned tenths of an “aer
`obic” point during the period of exercising.
`The second accumulator 53 is provided with an out
`put circut which produces a pulse output signal for
`each full “aerobic” point. This pulse output signal is
`fed to a differentiator 56. The output from the differen
`tiator 50 is fed to the gated oscillator 52 via the NOR
`circuit 51. In response to the output from the differenti
`ator 56, the gated oscillator 52 produces a distinct
`audio signal of greater duration that the duration of the
`tone produced for each tenth of an “aerobic” point.
`The duration of the audio signal produced by the gated
`oscillator 56 in response to the signal from the differen
`
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`tiator 56 may be, for example, of about one and one
`ha