EXHIBIT C
`
`Infringement Claim Chart for -U.S. Patent No. 7,346,313
`
`The Accused Products are those listed in Exhibit A. Pursuant to Local Patent Rule 3-1, Red Rock is informed and believes that
`each Accused product includes a high data rate transceiver implementing calibration systems and methods claimed by United States
`Patent No. 7,346,313 ("the '313 Patent").
`Based on the information presently available to it, Red Rock contends that Samsung directly infringes the '313 Patent by
`making, using, selling, or offering to sell within the United States, or importing into the United States, Accused Products that include a
`high data rate transceiver implementing the claimed calibration systems and/or methods. Red Rock also contends that Samsung
`indirectly infringes the '313 Patent by actively inducing and contributing to its customers' direct infringement of the Asserted Claims.
`The following chart details Red Rock's infringement theories that implicate Samsung products which include Qualcomm LTE
`or HSPA+ transceivers implementing the claimed calibration systems and/or methods.
`
`1 1 ,'TL
`
` J 17, if 1 [
`
`1[A]. A transceiver system
`for transmitting and
`receiving data using both I
`and Q channels,
`comprising:
`
`ELEMENTS IN ACCUSED PRODUCT
`
`Samsung makes devices that include LTE or HSPA+ transceivers, such as the Samsung Galaxy S4
`(SGH-i337) that includes a Qualcomm LTE Wireless Communications System.
`
`1
`
`Page 1 of 101
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1024
`
`

`

`•
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`http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/phones/galaxy-s/samsung-galaxy-s4-at-t-white-frost-16gb-sgh-
`http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/phones/galaxy-s/samsung-galaxy-s4-at-t-white-frost-16gb-sgh-
`i337zwaatt/.
`i337zwaatt/.
`See http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/cell-phones/SGH-I337ZWAATT-specs (noting that the S4
`See http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/cell-phones/SGH-I337ZWAATT-specs (noting that the S4
`supports 4G LTE communication):
`supports 4G LTE communication):
`
`NETWORK
`
`Frequepcies and Data
`Type
`
`LIE: Bawls 112/415/7i17; HSPA+AMTS: 350119CO21DDMHz; GSM:1350a)0/11301119DDMHz
`
`
`Additionally, LTE supports higher order modulation, up to 64 QAM, and thus uses I and Q channels.
`Additionally, LTE supports higher order modulation, up to 64 QAM, and thus uses I and Q channels.
`See http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte:
`See http://www.30p.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-1te:
`The new access solution, LTE, is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division
`The new access solution, LTE, is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division
`Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large
`Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large
`bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4) high
`bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4) high
`data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport channel
`data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport channel
`is 75 Mbpsin the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be
`is 75 Mbpsin the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be
`
`
`
`2
`2
`
`Page 2 of 101
`
`

`

`as high as 300 Mbps.
`as high as 300 Mbps.
`Likewise, HSPA+ supports higher order modulation, up to 64 QAM, and thus uses I and Q channels. See
`Likewise, HSPA+ supports higher order modulation, up to 64 QAM, and thus uses I and Q channels. See
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/99-hspa (“To further increase bitrates in the
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/99-hspa ("To further increase bitrates in the
`evolution of HSPA, referred to as HSPA+, new functions are added; for example higher order
`evolution of HSPA, referred to as HSPA+, new functions are added; for example higher order
`modulation 64QAM (DL) and 16QAM (UL) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), used
`modulation 64QAM (DL) and 16QAM (UL) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), used
`only in the DL.”).
`only in the DL.").
`A teardown of a Galaxy S4 confirms that it includes a Qualcomm MDM9215 chipset, shown in red
`A teardown of a Galaxy S4 confirms that it includes a Qualcomm MDM9215 chipset, shown in red
`below:
`below:
`
`_
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`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947. It also includes a Qualcomm
`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947. It also includes a Qualcomm
`WTR1605L seven-band 4G LTE chip, shown in orange below:
`WTR1605L seven-band 4G LTE chip, shown in orange below:
`
`
`
`3
`3
`
`Page 3 of 101
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`

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`.1.1111:111.11.1 •
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`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947. Finally,
`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947. Finally,
`Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 APQ8064T, shown below:
`Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 APQ8064T, shown below:
`
`it
`it
`
`includes a
`includes a
`
`
`
`4
`4
`
`Page 4 of 101
`
`

`

`taboo, -
`Pr
`
`
`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947.
`https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+S4+Teardown/13947.
`One or more of these three chips included in the Samsung Galaxy S4 comprise an LTE Wireless
`One or more of these three chips included in the Samsung Galaxy S4 comprise an LTE Wireless
`Communications System (“Qualcomm LTE transceiver”) implementing the claimed transceiver system.
`Communications System ("Qualcomm LTE transceiver") implementing the claimed transceiver system.
`U.S. Patent No. 8,295,845 (“the ‘845 Patent”) titled “Transceiver I/Q Mismatch Calibration” is assigned
`U.S. Patent No. 8,295,845 ("the '845 Patent") titled "Transceiver I/Q Mismatch Calibration" is assigned
`to Qualcomm Atheros, Inc. This patent was filed on December 4, 2008 and discloses calibration
`to Qualcomm Atheros, Inc. This patent was filed on December 4, 2008 and discloses calibration
`technology believed to be implemented in Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver. See
`technology believed to be implemented in Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver. See
`‘845 Patent at Abstract:
``845 Patent at Abstract:
`A calibration mechanism is disclosed for performing I/Q mismatch calibration operations
`A calibration mechanism is disclosed for performing I/Q mismatch calibration operations
`in a wireless communication device comprising a receiver unit and a transmitter unit.
`in a wireless communication device comprising a receiver unit and a transmitter unit.
`Figure 1 of the ‘845 Patent discloses a transceiver system for transmitting and receiving data using both
`Figure 1 of the '845 Patent discloses a transceiver system for transmitting and receiving data using both
`I and Q channels:
`I and Q channels:
`
`
`
`5
`5
`
`Page 5 of 101
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`

`

`TRANSCEIVER 100
`
`1 01
`
`I 54A
`
`161
`
`162
`
`LO (1)
`
`AMPLIFIER/
`FILTER 166A
`
`ADC
`168A
`
`RECEIVER UNIT 150
`
`C) DETERMINE FIRST
`AND SECOND I/O
`MEASUREMENTS FROM
`THE FIRST AND SECOND
`RECEIVED SIGNALS
`
`RX BASEBAND
`PROCESSOR 160
`
`MISMATCH
`CALIBRATION
`UNIT 185
`
`B) ADD PHASE
`SHIFT TO
`SECOND SIGNAL
`PROVIDED TO
`RECEIVER UNIT
`
`LO (Q)
`
``r.105
`LOOPBACK PATH
`
`102
`
`A) PROVIDE FIRST AND
`SECOND SIGNALS TO
`RECEIVER UNIT VIA
`LOOPBACK PATH
`
`124A
`
`LO (I)
`
`124B
`
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`
`AMPLIFIER/
`FILTER 1668
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`1688
`
`RECEIVER AFE 160
`
`TRANSMITTER AFE 120
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`
`AMPLIFIER'
`FILTER 122A
`
`DAC
`121A
`
`TRANSMITTER
`PRE-DISTORTION
`UNIT 145
`
`TX BASEBAND
`PROCESSOR 140
`
`AMPLIFIER/
`FILTER 122E
`
`DAC
`121B
`
`FIG.
`
`D) CALCULATE
`TRANSMITTER AND
`RECEIVER I/Q MISMATCH
`PARAMETERS BASED ON
`THE FIRST AND SECOND
`In MEASUREMENTS
`
`TRANSMITTER UNIT 110
`
`El PROVIDE
`TRANSMITTER 110
`MISMATCH
`PARAMETERS TO
`TRANSMITTER
`UNIT FOR
`PRE-DISTORTION
`OPERATIONS
`
`
`
`
`In 2011, Atheros Communications, now called Qualcomm Atheros, published a paper at the
`In 2011, Atheros Communications, now called Qualcomm Atheros, published a paper at the
`International Solid-State Circuits Conference detailing its 802.11n transceiver architecture, an
`International Solid-State Circuits Conference detailing its 802.11n transceiver architecture, an
`architecture very similar to that disclosed in the ‘845 Patent. The paper also detailed a calibration
`architecture very similar to that disclosed in the '845 Patent. The paper also detailed a calibration
`technique similar to that describe in the ‘845 Patent. See Abdollahi-Alibeik et al., “A 65nm Dual-Band
`technique similar to that describe in the '845 Patent. See Abdollahi-Alibeik et al., "A 65nm Dual-Band
`3-Stream 802.11n MIMO WLAN SoC”, ISSCC 2011 [hereinafter “ISSCC Atheros Paper”].
`3-Stream 802.11n MIMO WLAN SoC", ISSCC 2011 [hereinafter "ISSCC Atheros Paper"].
`Further, Qualcomm patents have confirmed that I/Q mismatch techniques applicable to 802.11n
`Further, Qualcomm patents have confirmed that I/Q mismatch techniques applicable to 802.11n
`transceiver implementations are also applicable to LTE transceiver implementations. See US Patent
`transceiver implementations are also applicable to LTE transceiver implementations. See US Patent
`Application No. 2012/0300818 (“Self-Calibration I/Q Imbalance Reduction”) ¶¶40-41 (listing the
`Application No. 2012/0300818 ("Self-Calibration I/Q Imbalance Reduction") W0-41 (listing the
`
`
`
`6
`6
`
`Page 6 of 101
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`

`

`various types of communications networks in which I/Q mismatch calibration techniques are
`various types of communications networks in which I/Q mismatch calibration techniques are
`applicable):
`applicable):
`[0040]
`[0040]
`The wireless communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system capable of
`The wireless communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system capable of
`supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices 104 by sharing
`supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices 104 by sharing
`the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such
`the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such
`multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems,
`multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems,
`wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) systems, time division multiple
`wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) systems, time division multiple
`access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems,
`access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems,
`orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier
`orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier
`frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, 3rd Generation Partnership
`frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, 3rd Generation Partnership
`Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems and spatial division multiple access
`Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems and spatial division multiple access
`(SDMA) systems.
`(SDMA) systems.
`[0041]
`[0041]
`The terms “networks” and “systems” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network
`The terms "networks" and "systems" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network
`may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA),
`may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA),
`cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes W-CDMA and Low Chip Rate (LCR) while cdma2000
`cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes W-CDMA and Low Chip Rate (LCR) while cdma2000
`covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement a radio
`covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement a radio
`technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA
`technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA
`network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE
`network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE
`802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are
`802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are
`part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution
`part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution
`(LTE) is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and
`(LTE) is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and
`Long Term Evolution (LTE) are described in documents from an organization named
`Long Term Evolution (LTE) are described in documents from an organization named
`“3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). cdma2000 is described in documents from
`"3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdma2000 is described in documents from
`an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
`an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
`On information and belief, Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE or HSPA+ transceiver implement
`On information and belief, Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE or HSPA+ transceiver implement
`the same, or a functionally similar, architecture as that disclosed in the ‘845 Patent and ISSCC Atheros
`the same, or a functionally similar, architecture as that disclosed in the '845 Patent and ISSCC Atheros
`Paper.
`Paper.
`
`
`
`
`7
`7
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`Page 7 of 101
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`1[B] a transmit chain;
`1 [B] a transmit chain;
`
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a transmit chain to transmit RF signals in
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a transmit chain to transmit RF signals in
`accordance with the LTE standard.
`accordance with the LTE standard.
`LTE communications require a transmitter to support the transport channel for uplink. See
`LTE communications require a transmitter to support the transport channel for uplink See
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte. (“The new access solution, LTE, is based
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-1te. ("The new access solution, LTE, is based
`on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order
`on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order
`modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink
`modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink
`(up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport
`(up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport
`channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be as
`channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be as
`high as 300 Mbps.”).
`high as 300 Mbps.").
`See also ‘845 Patent at Fig. 1:
`See also '845 Patent at Fig. 1:
`
`TRANSCEIVER 100 ---
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`
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`CALIBRATION
`UNIT 185
`
`C) DETERMINE FIRST
`AND SECOND 110
`MEASUREMENTS FROM
`THE FIRST AND SECOND
`RECEIVED SIGNALS
`
`D) CALCULATE
`TRANSMITTER AND
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`PARAMETERS BASED ON
`THE FIRST AND SECOND
`I/O MEASUREMENTS
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`8
`
`Page 8 of 101
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`

`

`1[C] a receive chain; and
`1[C] a receive chain; and
`
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a receive chain to receive RF signals in
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a receive chain to receive RF signals in
`accordance with the LTE standard.
`accordance with the LTE standard.
`LTE communications require a receiver to support reception on the downlink channel. See
`LTE communications require a receiver to support reception on the downlink channel. See
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte. (“The new access solution, LTE, is based
`http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte. ("The new access solution, LTE, is based
`on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order
`on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order
`modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink
`modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink
`(up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport
`(up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport
`channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be as
`channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be as
`high as 300 Mbps.”).
`high as 300 Mbps.").
`See also ‘845 Patent at Fig. 1:
`See also '845 Patent at Fig. 1:
`
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`PARAMETERS BASED ON
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`VG MEASUREMENTS
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`TRANSMITTER UNIT 110
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`
`
`
`Page 9 of 101
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`

`

`1[D] a calibration
`1 [D] a calibration
`subsystem comprising a
`subsystem comprising a
`signal path for injecting a
`signal path for injecting a
`calibration RF signal,
`calibration RF signal,
`generated in response to
`generated in response to
`and as a function of a
`and as a function of a
`signal generated through
`signal generated through
`the transmit chain, into the
`the transmit chain, into the
`receive chain of the
`receive chain of the
`transceiver in order to
`transceiver in order to
`independently calibrate the
`independently calibrate the
`I-Q gain balance of the
`I-Q gain balance of the
`both transmit and receive
`both transmit and receive
`chains in their entirety;
`chains in their entirety;
`
`
`
`Upon information and belief, Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a calibration
`Upon information and belief, Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a calibration
`subsystem comprising a signal path for injecting a calibration RF signal, generated in response to and as
`subsystem comprising a signal path for injecting a calibration RF signal, generated in response to and as
`a function of a signal generated through the transmit chain, into the receive chain of the transceiver in
`a function of a signal generated through the transmit chain, into the receive chain of the transceiver in
`order to independently calibrate the I-Q gain balance of the both transmit and receive chains in their
`order to independently calibrate the I-Q gain balance of the both transmit and receive chains in their
`entirety.
`entirety.
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver support 64 QAM and spatial multiplexing, which
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver support 64 QAM and spatial multiplexing, which
`provides for high data rates that typically necessitate significant calibration of the transmit and receive
`provides for high data rates that typically necessitate significant calibration of the transmit and receive
`chains. See http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte. (“The new access solution,
`chains. See http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte. ("The new access solution,
`LTE, is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination
`LTE, is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination
`with higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial
`with higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial
`multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical
`multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical
`peak data rate on the transport channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial
`peak data rate on the transport channel is 75 Mbps in the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial
`multiplexing, the rate can be as high as 300 Mbps.”).
`multiplexing, the rate can be as high as 300 Mbps.").
`When discussing the constraints that increased data rates place on transceivers in the context of 802.11n,
`When discussing the constraints that increased data rates place on transceivers in the context of 802.11n,
`Atheros Communications engineers confirmed that increased data rates require calibration procedures to
`Atheros Communications engineers confirmed that increased data rates require calibration procedures to
`improve transceiver performance. See “Design and Implementation of a CMOS 802.11n SoC,” IEEE
`improve transceiver performance. See "Design and Implementation of a CMOS 802.11n SoC," IEEE
`Communication Magazine, April 2009:
`Communication Magazine, April 2009:
`The 802.11n standard imposes more stringent requirements on the RF transceivers than
`The 802.11n standard imposes more stringent requirements on the RF transceivers than
`the legacy 802.11a/b/g in order to achieve a dramatic increase in data rate. Even though
`the legacy 802.11a/b/g in order to achieve a dramatic increase in data rate. Even though
`the transceiver topology for 802.11n is basically the same as that of the legacy 802.11
`the transceiver topology for 802.11n is basically the same as that of the legacy 802.11
`devices, the design needs to be enhanced to meet the 802.11n requirements.
`devices, the design needs to be enhanced to meet the 802.11n requirements.
`....
`....
`The SoC employs several calibration algorithms in order to reduce the impact of analog
`The SoC employs several calibration algorithms in order to reduce the impact of analog
`impairments on the radio performance. Such calibration techniques are particularly
`impairments on the radio performance. Such calibration techniques are particularly
`important to meet the tighter analog requirements of the 802.11n radio.
`important to meet the tighter analog requirements of the 802.11n radio.
`Such techniques are applicable to LTE systems as well. See 1[A] (citing U.S. Patent Application No.
`Such techniques are applicable to LTE systems as well. See 1[A] (citing U.S. Patent Application No.
`2012/0300818).
`2012/0300818).
`The ‘845 Patent is directed to a calibration subsystem that includes a signal path for injecting a
`The '845 Patent is directed to a calibration subsystem that includes a signal path for injecting a
`
`
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`calibration RF signal generated in the transmit chain into the receive chain in order to calibrate the I-Q
`calibration RF signal generated in the transmit chain into the receive chain in order to calibrate the I-Q
`gain balance of both chains. See ‘845 Patent at Abstract:
`gain balance of both chains. See '845 Patent at Abstract:
`A calibration mechanism is disclosed for performing I/Q mismatch calibration
`A calibration mechanism is disclosed for performing I/Q mismatch calibration
`operations in a wireless communication device comprising a receiver unit and a
`operations in a wireless communication device comprising a receiver unit and a
`transmitter unit. During an I/Q mismatch calibration mode, a first signal and a second
`transmitter unit. During an I/Q mismatch calibration mode, a first signal and a second
`signal are provided from the transmitter unit to the receiver unit via a loopback path
`signal are provided from the transmitter unit to the receiver unit via a loopback path
`coupled between the transmitter and receiver units. A phase shift is added to the second
`coupled between the transmitter and receiver units. A phase shift is added to the second
`signal that is provided to the receiver unit. A first set of I/Q measurements is determined
`signal that is provided to the receiver unit. A first set of I/Q measurements is determined
`from the first signal and a second set of I/Q measurements is determined from the second
`from the first signal and a second set of I/Q measurements is determined from the second
`signal with the added phase shift. Transmitter and receiver I/Q mismatch parameters are
`signal with the added phase shift. Transmitter and receiver I/Q mismatch parameters are
`calculated based on the first and second sets of I/Q measurements. The receiver and
`calculated based on the first and second sets of I/Q measurements. The receiver and
`transceiver I/Q mismatch parameters are used to compensate for I/Q mismatch at the
`transceiver I/Q mismatch parameters are used to compensate for I/Q mismatch at the
`receiver and transmitter units, respectively.
`receiver and transmitter units, respectively.
`The calibration RF signals, which are provided “from the transmitter,” are generated in response to and
`The calibration RF signals, which are provided "from the transmitter," are generated in response to and
`as a function of a signal generated through the transmit chain. The loopback path is depicted in Figure 1
`as a function of a signal generated through the transmit chain. The loopback path is depicted in Figure 1
`of the ‘845 Patent:
`of the '845 Patent:
`
`
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`

`

`TRANSCEIVER 100
`
`r
`
`1 01
`
`161
`
`152
`
`VGA
`
`164A
`
`LO (1)
`
`1 640
`
`B) ADD PHASE
`SHIFT TO
`SECOND SIGNAL
`PROVIDED TO
`RECEIVER UNIT
`
`LO (Q) _
`
`'---.1-105
`LOOPBACK PATH
`
`1 02
`
`128
`
`PHASE
`
`SHIFT
`UNIT 125
`1
`SWITCH
`115
`
`1 26
`
`OA
`
`LO (I)
`
`124A
`
`124E
`
`AMPLIFIER/
`FILTER 186A
`
`ADC
`168A
`
`AMPLIFIER/
`FILTER 1668
`
`ADC
`168B
`
`RECEIVER AFE 160
`
`TRANSMITTER AFE 120
`
`AMPLIFIER(
`FILTER 122A ,
`
`DAC
`121A
`
`A) PROVIDE FIRST AND
`SECOND SIGNALS TO
`RECOVER UNIT VIA
`LOOPBACK PATH
`
`AMPLIFIER/
` FILTER 122E
`
`DAC
`1218
`
`LO (Q) I
`
`FIG -1
`
`
`
`
`The calibration signals originate in response to and as a function of a signal generated through the
`The calibration signals originate in response to and as a function of a signal generated through the
`transmit chain. The calibration RF signal then passes through a loopback path and through the receive
`transmit chain. The calibration RF signal then passes through a loopback path and through the receive
`chain for observation, providing for calibration of the transmit and receive chains in their entirety. The
`chain for observation, providing for calibration of the transmit and receive chains in their entirety. The
`calibration process uses a calibration RF signal to independently calibrate both the transmit and receive
`calibration process uses a calibration RF signal to independently calibrate both the transmit and receive
`chains.
`chains.
`
`
`
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`1[E] wherein the
`1 [E] wherein the
`calibration RF signal
`calibration RF signal
`includes a calibration
`includes a calibration
`cycle, and the calibration
`cycle, and the calibration
`cycle determines
`cycle determines
`transmitter I-Q gain
`transmitter I-Q gain
`settings which minimize an
`settings which minimize an
`observable indicator while
`observable indicator while
`holding receive I-Q gain
`holding receive I-Q gain
`settings constant, and
`settings constant, and
`which in turn determines
`which in turn determines
`receiver I-Q gain settings
`receiver I-Q gain settings
`which minimizes the
`which minimizes the
`observable indicator while
`observable indicator while
`holding the transmit I-Q
`holding the transmit I-Q
`gain settings constant.
`gain settings constant.
`
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a calibration subsystem wherein the
`Accused Products with a Qualcomm LTE transceiver include a calibration subsystem wherein the
`calibration RF signal includes a calibration cycle, and the calibration cycle determines transmitter I-Q
`calibration RF signal includes a calibration cycle, and the calibration cycle determines transmitter I-Q
`gain settings which minimize an observable indicator while holding receive I-Q gain settings constant,
`gain settings which minimize an observable indicator while holding receive I-Q gain settings constant,
`and which in turn determines receiver I-Q gain settings which minimizes the observable indicator while
`and which in turn determines receiver I-Q gain settings which minimizes the observable indicator while
`holding the transmit I-Q gain settings constant.
`holding the transmit I-Q gain settings constant.
`The calibration subsystem described in the ISSCC Atheros Paper determines the separated I/Q
`The calibration subsystem described in the ISSCC Atheros Paper determines the separated I/Q
`mismatches of the transmitter and receiver using the loopback path. See ISSCC Atheros Paper at 170:
`mismatches of the transmitter and receiver using the loopback path. See ISSCC Atheros Paper at 170:
`In this design, the existing transmit-to-receive loopback path used for carrier leak
`In this design, the existing transmit-to-receive loopback path used for carrier leak
`calibration [5] is leveraged for I/Q calibration. I/Q calibration is performed by sending a
`calibration [5] is leveraged for I/Q calibration. I/Q calibration is performed by sending a
`sinusoidal tone from the transmitter DAC, and looping back the upconverted RF signal
`sinusoidal tone from the transmitter DAC, and looping back the upconverted RF signal
`to the receiver, as shown in Fig. 9.6.1. The combined I/Q mismatch of the transmitter
`to the receiver, as shown in Fig. 9.6.1. The combined I/Q mismatch of the transmitter
`and receiver is decoded from the loop-back signal. Separating I/Q mismatches of the
`and receiver is decoded from the loop-back signal. Separating I/Q mismatches of the
`transmitter and the receiver requires a second set of loopback data. This is
`transmitter and the receiver requires a second set of loopback data. This is
`accomplished by enabling a phase shifter added in the RF loopback path. With this
`accomplished by enabling a phase shifter added in the RF loopback path. With this
`new set of data, the I/Q mismatch of the transmitter can be separated from that of the
`new set of data, the I/Q mismatch of the transmitter can be separated from that of the
`receiver without prior knowledge of the phase-shift amount. Once the I/Q mismatch is
`receiver without prior knowledge of the phase-shift amount. Once the I/Q mismatch is
`derived, the transmit data can be digitally predistorted before the DAC, while the receive
`derived, the transmit data can be digitally predistorted before the DAC, while the receive
`data is digitally corrected after the ADC.
`data is digitally corrected after the ADC.
`The described calibration process does not require altering the receive I-Q gain settings or transmitter I-
`The described calibration process does not require altering the receive I-Q gain settings or transmitter I-
`Q gain settings. Instead, the loopback data is captured whil