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`Paper No. 8
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`SMR AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS USA, INC.,
`Petitioner,
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`v.
`
`MAGNA MIRRORS OF AMERICA, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Case IPR2018-00520
`Patent No. 8,267,534
`
`
`PATENT OWNER MAGNA MIRRORS OF AMERICA, INC.’S
`PRELIMINARY RESPONSE
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Page
`INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
`BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 2
`I.
`Magna .................................................................................................... 2
`II.
`The ‘534 Patent ..................................................................................... 3
`PETITIONER FAILS TO SHOW A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT
`THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE ANTICIPATED OR OBVIOUS. ...... 6
`I.
`Legal Standards ..................................................................................... 6
`II.
`The Board Should Deny Institution On Ground 1. ............................... 7
`A. Ground 1 Should Be Denied Because Lynam ‘026 Is Not
`Prior Art, As The PTO Repeatedly Found. ................................. 7
`1.
`The Prosecution History of the ‘534 Patent. .................... 8
`2.
`SMR Fails To Show Why The Board Should
`Reconsider The PTO’s Conclusion That The ‘534
`Patent Properly Claims Priority To The ‘872
`Provisional. ..................................................................... 13
`a.
`The ‘666 application incorporates by
`reference the ‘451 and ‘712 patents in their
`entirety. ................................................................. 14
`The Written Description Of The ‘666
`Application Supports The Claims Of The
`‘534 Patent. ........................................................... 17
`SMR Fails To Show Why The Board Should
`Reconsider The PTO’s Conclusion That Lynam
`‘026 Is Not Prior Art. ...................................................... 21
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`b.
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`3.
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`B.
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`Ground 1 Should Also Be Denied Because It Raises
`Inventorship Questions That Are Better Addressed In
`District Court. ............................................................................ 24
`III. The Board Should Deny Institution On Ground 2 Because SMR
`Has Not Shown That The Prior Art Discloses All Claim
`Limitations Or A Sufficient Motivation To Combine. ....................... 27
`A.
`The Petition Improperly Incorporates By Reference The
`Sasian Declaration. ................................................................... 27
`Henion ‘013 Discloses A Trailer Towing Mirror, Not A
`Blind Spot Mirror. ..................................................................... 29
`SMR’s Obviousness Arguments Rely On Impermissible
`Hindsight And The Unsupported Opinions Of Its
`Unqualified “Expert.” ............................................................... 33
`1.
`SMR’s Expert Is Not A POSA. ...................................... 33
`2.
`SMR Fails To Show That Claim 20 Is Obvious. ............ 36
`CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 37
`CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 38
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`B.
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`C.
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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` Page(s)
`
`Cases
`Allergan, Inc. v. Apotex Inc.,
`754 F.3d 952 (Fed Cir. 2014) ............................................................................. 21
`Apple, Inc. v. Contentguard Holdings, Inc.,
`IPR2015-00358, Paper 9 (PTAB July 2, 2015) .................................................. 29
`Ariad Pharm., Inc. v. Eli Lily & Co.,
`598 F.3d 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (en banc) .......................................................... 17
`Callaway Golf Co. v. Acushnet Co.,
`576 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2009) .......................................................................... 16
`Cisco Sys., Inc. v. C-Cation Techs., LLC,
`IPR2014-00454, Paper 12 (PTAB Aug. 29, 2014) ............................................. 29
`Cultec, Inc. v. Stormtech LLC,
`IPR2017-00777, Paper 7 (PTAB Aug. 22, 2017) ................................................. 7
`Harari v. Lee,
`656 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2011) .............................................................. 14, 15, 16
`Hopkins Mfg. Corp. v. Cequent Performance Prods., Inc.,
`IPR2015-00616, Paper 9 (PTAB Aug. 17, 2015) ........................................... 6, 28
`Hospira, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.,
`IPR2017-00739, Paper 16 (PTAB July 27, 2017) ................................................ 7
`Husky Injection Molding Sys. Ltd. v. Athena Automation Ltd.,
`838 F.3d 1236 (Fed. Cir. 2016) .......................................................................... 16
`In re Katz,
`687 F.2d 450 (C.C.P.A. 1982) ...................................................................... 21, 22
`Modine Mfg. Co. v. ITC,
`75 F.3d 1545 (Fed. Cir. 1996), abrogated by Festo Corp. v.
`Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., Ltd., 234 F.3d 558 (Fed.
`Cir. 2000) (en banc) ............................................................................................ 17
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`SCHOTT Gemtron Corp. v. SSW Holding Co.,
`IPR2014-00367, Paper No. 62 (PTAB May 26, 2015) ...................................... 35
`Sewall v. Walters,
`21 F.3d 411 (Fed. Cir. 1994) .............................................................................. 25
`SMR Automotive Sys. USA, Inc. v. Magna Mirrors of Am., Inc.,
`IPR2018-00491 ................................................................................................... 18
`Telemac Cellular Corp. v. Topp Telecom, Inc.,
`247 F.3d 1316 (Fed. Cir. 2001) .......................................................................... 17
`Unified Patents Inc. v. Berman,
`IPR2016-01571, Paper 10 (PTAB Dec. 14, 2016) ......................................... 7, 26
`WBIP, LLC v. Kohler Co.,
`829 F.3d 1317 (Fed. Cir. 2016) .................................................................... 30, 33
`Zenon Envtl., Inc. v. U.S. Filter Corp.,
`506 F.3d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2007) .......................................................................... 16
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C. § 102(a) ............................................................................................passim
`35 U.S.C. § 102(b) ................................................................................................... 21
`35 U.S.C. § 102(e) ............................................................................................passim
`35 U.S.C. § 256(b) ................................................................................................... 26
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a) ..................................................................................................... 6
`35 U.S.C. § 325(d) ........................................................................................... 2, 7, 24
`Other Authorities
`37 C.F.R. § 42.107 ..................................................................................................... 1
`37 C.F.R. § 42.108(c) ................................................................................................. 6
`MPEP 2132.01 ......................................................................................................... 21
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`INTRODUCTION
`In accordance with 37 C.F.R. Section 42.107, patent owner Magna Mirrors
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`of America, Inc. (“Magna”) submits this preliminary response to the Petition filed
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`by SMR Automotive Systems USA, Inc. (“SMR”) requesting inter partes review
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`of claims 1-20 of U.S. Patent No. 8,267,534 (“the ‘534 patent”). Magna requests
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`that the Board deny the inter partes review as to all grounds, none of which have
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`merit.
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`SMR’s first proposed ground is anticipation based on U.S. Pat. Pub. No.
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`2002/0072026 (“Lynam ‘026”), the published application of Dr. Lynam’s prior
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`U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,712 (“the ‘712 patent”), which is incorporated by reference
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`into the ‘534 patent. But Lynam ‘026 was considered in depth during the
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`prosecution of the ‘534 patent and seven other patents in the ‘534 patent family.
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`For example, the PTO removed Lynam ‘026 as prior art during prosecution of
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`related U.S. Pat. No. 7,934,843 (“the ‘843 patent”) after concluding that the ‘843
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`patent is entitled to its claimed priority date and that “Niall Lynam conceived or
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`invented the subject matter disclosed in the patent application publication.” Ex.
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`1009, 23. The PTO reached the same conclusion regarding Lynam ‘026 in each of
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`the eight prosecutions where it was considered, including during prosecution of the
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`‘534 patent. The Board should therefore deny institution of the Lynam ‘026
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`ground both because that application is not prior art to the ‘534 patent and also,
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`pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 325(d), because the question of whether it is prior art has
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`been extensively considered by the PTO.
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`SMR’s remaining ground relies on WO 01/44013 to Henion (“Henion
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`‘013”). Henion ‘013 is directed to an entirely different application, namely, a
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`trailer towing mirror, in contrast to the inventions claimed in the ‘534 patent,
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`which are directed to exterior rearview mirror systems for improved viewing of the
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`blind spot. SMR’s attempts to address some of Henion ‘013’s deficiencies through
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`obviousness arguments fail to set forth a sufficient reason, other than hindsight,
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`why a person of ordinary skill would have combined the references to arrive at the
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`claimed inventions of the ‘534 patent. Institution should therefore be denied on
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`this ground as well.
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`BACKGROUND
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`I. Magna
`Patent Owner Magna was founded in 1905 to become Donnelly Corporation
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`in the 1980s. Donnelly Corporation was acquired by Magna International in 2002
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`and became known as Magna Donnelly Corporation. In 2008, it changed its name
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`to Magna Mirrors of America, Inc. Magna is a leading supplier of mirror and
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`electronic vision systems for the automotive industry. Magna supplies products
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`that practice the ‘534 patent to automobile original equipment manufacturers
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`(“OEMs”) such as Ford, Hyundai, and Kia. These products, as well as infringing
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`products sold by SMR, have enjoyed widespread commercial success.
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`Dr. Lynam, the inventor of the ‘534 patent, was a longtime Donnelly
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`employee and is currently Magna’s Chief Technical Officer. He is a named
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`inventor on hundreds of issued U.S. Patents.
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`II. The ‘534 Patent
`The ‘534 patent’s claims generally relate to a mirror system with a primary
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`mirror and a separate, spotting mirror on a single mirror support. This mirror
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`system is designed to solve the problem of the blind spot that a conventional, flat
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`exterior side view mirror has in a side lane adjacent to the driver. The blind spot
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`means that a driver may not see a passing vehicle in an adjacent side lane, and may
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`therefore attempt to merge into the lane when the lane is not clear of traffic. Prior
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`to the invention of the ‘534 patent, the blind spot problem had existed for decades.
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`While many proposed solutions existed in the art, no blind spot solution had
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`achieved significant commercial success or widespread adoption prior to the ‘534
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`patent invention date. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,133, Ex. 2003, at 1:23-33
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`(noting that blind spot problem “has existed in the art practically since the advent
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`of the enclosed automobile” and “[n]umerous attempts to solve this problem have
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`been made”).
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`3
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`An exemplary depiction of the side View of a mirror subassembly (the
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`mirrors and the mirror support) from the ‘534 patent is shown below:
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`162'
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`\
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`i
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`Bl
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`//// /////////////////////////
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXTA\X>L
`I
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`(c
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`/ I 155'
`165'
`.
`'50,
`"1'
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`
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`FIG. M
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`An exemplary photograph of one of Magna’s complete mirror assemblies for
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`the Ford Mustang that practices the ‘534 patent can be seen here:
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`Among numerous other requirements, the ‘534 patent claims require that the
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`auxiliary mirror element have a field of view that overlaps with the field of View of
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`the main mirror element. See Ex. 1001, Claim 13. Claim 13 is set forth below
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`(emphases added):
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`13. An exterior rearview mirror assembly for a motor
`vehicle, said exterior rearview mirror assembly
`comprising:
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`[a] a bracket fixedly secured to the motor vehicle;
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`[b] a mirror casing secured to said bracket, said mirror
`casing defining a primary opening;
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`[c] a single mirror support movably secured within said
`mirror casing disposed adjacent said primary opening;
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`[d] a primary mirror fixedly secured to said single mirror
`support and disposed within said primary opening for
`providing a view rearward of the motor vehicle through a
`primary field of view;
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`[e] a spotting mirror fixedly secured to said single mirror
`support and disposed adjacent said primary mirror, said
`spotting mirror defined by a single radius of curvature
`differing from said primary mirror such that said spotting
`mirror provides a second field of view rearward of the
`motor vehicle, such that said primary field of view of
`said primary mirror overlaps said second field of view of
`said spotting mirror;
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`[f] wherein said spotting mirror is at an angle relative to
`said primary mirror; and
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`[g] wherein said primary mirror comprises one of (a) a
`generally flat glass substrate having a surface coated with
`a metallic reflector coating and (b) a generally flat
`polymeric substrate having a thin glass element applied
`to a surface thereof and with an opposing surface thereof
`having a reflecting layer applied thereto.
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`Certain dependent claims provide further specificity regarding the positional
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`relationship between the spotting and primary mirrors. Other dependent claims
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`include limitations regarding the curvature of the spotting mirror, and a limitation
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`specifying the angling of the spotting mirror relative to the primary mirror.
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`PETITIONER FAILS TO SHOW A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT
`THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE ANTICIPATED OR OBVIOUS.
`Legal Standards
`For each claim challenged in its petition for inter partes review, SMR bears
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`I.
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`the burden of showing that there is a “reasonable likelihood” that it will prevail in
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`its challenge. 35 U.S.C. § 314(a); see also 37 C.F.R. § 42.108(c). As the Board
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`has explained, the petitioner has “the burden of proof to establish that it is entitled
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`to the requested relief.” Hopkins Mfg. Corp. v. Cequent Performance Prods., Inc.,
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`IPR2015-00616, Paper 9 at 7 (PTAB Aug. 17, 2015) (citing 37 C.F.R. § 42.20(c)).
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`As explained further below, the Board may also deny institution of inter partes
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`review for discretionary reasons, including because “the same or substantially the
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`same prior art or arguments previously were presented to the Office.” 35 U.S.C. §
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`325(d).
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`II. The Board Should Deny Institution On Ground 1.
`A. Ground 1 Should Be Denied Because Lynam ‘026 Is Not Prior
`Art, As The PTO Repeatedly Found.
`As demonstrated below, the PTO considered the issues raised in Ground 1
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`(including whether the ‘534 patent is entitled to its claimed priority date and
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`whether Lynam ‘026 qualifies as prior art), repeatedly during the prosecution of
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`the ‘534 patent and its family. In these circumstances, the Board can and should
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`exercise its discretion to deny institution under 35 U.S.C. § 325(d). See Cultec,
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`Inc. v. Stormtech LLC, IPR2017-00777, Paper 7 at 13 (PTAB Aug. 22, 2017)
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`(informative) (denying institution under Section 325(d) because “the same or
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`substantially the same prior art or arguments as are presented in the Petition
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`previously were presented to the Office”); Hospira, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.,
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`IPR2017-00739, Paper 16 at 17–19 (PTAB July 27, 2017) (informative) (denying
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`institution under Section 325(d) because the petitioner’s priority challenge was
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`already considered by the PTO). Instituting inter partes review on Ground 1
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`“would not be an efficient use of Board resources.” Unified Patents Inc. v.
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`Berman, IPR2016-01571, Paper 10 at 12 (PTAB Dec. 14, 2016) (informative)
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`(denying institution on certain claims because “the Petition relies on the same or
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`substantially the same prior art and arguments presented previously to the Office”).
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`1.
`The Prosecution History of the ‘534 Patent.
`Dr. Lynam conceived of the inventions that were later claimed in the ‘534
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`patent sometime in 1999 and 2000. He filed a patent application disclosing his
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`claimed inventions on January 6, 2000, which issued as U.S. Patent No. 6,522,451
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`on February 18, 2003. Dr. Lynam is the sole named inventor of the ‘451 patent.
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`On December 20, 2000, he filed a continuation-in-part of the ‘451 patent, which
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`issued on April 6, 2004 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,712 (“the ‘712 patent”). The
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`application that issued as the ‘712 patent was published on June 13, 2002, as the
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`Lynam ‘026 reference—the reference SMR relies upon in its request. The ‘712
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`patent names two additional Donnelly employees as co-inventors, John O. Lindahl
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`and Hahns Yoachim Fuchs, due to their contribution of elements (namely, a “frame
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`element assembly”) disclosed and claimed in the ‘712 patent that are not relevant
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`to the claims of the ‘534 patent. The ‘712 patent also disclosed further details
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`invented by Dr. Lynam regarding the angling and fields of view of the mirror
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`elements.
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`Dr. Lynam filed provisional patent application no. 60/471,872 (“the ‘872
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`provisional”), to which the ‘534 patent claims priority, on May 20, 2003. The ‘872
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`provisional disclosed an inventive composition for a mirror, which SMR refers to
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`as the “thin glass” feature. ‘872 provisional, Ex. 2010, 2:4-10; Petition, 16. The
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`‘872 provisional also disclosed a mirror assembly using the novel mirror
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`composition. E.g., Ex. 2010, 2:13-18. In addition, the ‘872 provisional
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`incorporated by reference a number of other Magna Donnelly patents and patent
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`applications disclosing mirrors and features that the novel mirror composition
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`could be used with, including the ‘451 patent and the ‘712 patent (id., 5:2-6) and
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`interior electrochromic mirror assemblies (id., 9:28-10:15).
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`Dr. Lynam filed U.S. Patent Application No. 12/851,045 (“the ‘045
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`application”), which later issued as U.S. Pat No. 7,934,843 (“the ‘843 patent”), on
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`August 5, 2010.1 Because the claims in the ‘045 application included the two-
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`1 Contrary to SMR’s assertion, the filing of the ‘045 application was not an attempt
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`“[t]o revive prosecution of the ‘712 patent’s abandoned family.” Petition, 10. The
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`‘045 application included discussion of the novel thin glass substrate first
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`described in the ‘872 provisional and included claim limitations directed to that
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`substrate, as well as discussion of the two-element blind spot mirror assembly
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`disclosed in the ‘451 patent that is incorporated by reference in the ‘872
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`provisional. See Ex. 1007, ¶¶ 3-17, 44-45, 89-107 (discussing thin glass and
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`related features), ¶¶ 45-88 (discussing plano-auxiliary mirror assembly and related
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`features). The ‘045 application could not have been filed as a continuation of the
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`element blind spot mirror assembly described in the ‘451 and ‘712 patents, along
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`with the thin glass limitations from the ‘872 provisional, the ‘045 application
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`copied material from the ‘451 and ‘712 patents that had previously been
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`incorporated by reference directly into the specification of the ‘045 application.
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`For example, the ‘045 application added figures 9-23, which had previously been
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`included through the incorporation by reference of the ‘451 and ‘712 patents.
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`During the prosecution of the ‘045 application, the PTO initially rejected the
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`pending claims on the alleged basis that they were not entitled to claim priority to
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`the ‘872 provisional. Ex. 1009, 139-40. Specifically, the PTO rejected all claims
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`other than claims 24-26 as anticipated by Lynam ‘026, the same as SMR’s first
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`invalidity ground. Id., 141-51. It also rejected claims 24-26 as obvious based on a
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`combination of Lynam ‘026 and the publication of one of the applications that the
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`‘843 patent claims priority to, U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. 2004/0264011 (“Lynam ‘011”).
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`Id., 152-55.
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`Dr. Lynam responded by explaining why the priority claim to the ‘872
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`provisional was proper, due to the incorporation by reference of the ‘451 and ‘712
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`patents in the ‘843 patent and the applications to which the ‘843 patent claims
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`‘451 and ‘712 patent family because those patents do not disclose the thin glass
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`substrate.
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`priority. Id., 46-48. Additionally, Dr. Lynam submitted a declaration to explain
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`why Lynam ‘026 did not qualify as prior art. Id., 53-55.
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`In response, the PTO allowed the application that issued as the ‘843 patent.
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`The Reasons for Allowance explained that the “Applicant has overcome the prior
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`art rejection and questions regarding priority by filing a 37 CFR 1.131 affidavit
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`which proved sufficient to overcome the Lynam et al reference. The 37 CFR 1.131
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`affidavit proves that Niall Lynam conceived or invented the subject matter
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`disclosed in the patent application publication.” Id., 23 (emphasis added). In other
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`words, Lynam ‘026 was found not to be prior art because it was not the work of
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`another.
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`Dr. Lynam went on to prosecute a number of additional patent applications
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`claiming priority to the ‘843 patent and to the ‘872 provisional. Rejections over
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`Lynam ‘026 were issued in seven of these prosecutions, including in the
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`prosecution of the ‘534 patent, as set forth in the table below. Each time (before
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`two different examiners)2, Dr. Lynam overcame the rejections in the same manner
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`as during the prosecution of the ‘843 patent.
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`2 U.S. Pat. No. 8,783,882 was prosecuted before a different examiner than the ‘843
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`patent and the other patents listed below. Compare Ex. 1001, cover with Ex. 1022,
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`cover.
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`U.S.
`Patent
`No.
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`Rejection
`Over Lynam
`‘026
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`Response by Dr.
`Lynam
`Explaining
`Incorporation
`by Reference
`
`8,128,243 10/31/2011
`(Ex. 2004, 4-
`11)
`8,128,244 11/16/2011
`(Ex. 2005, 3-
`20)
`8,147,077 1/5/2012
`(Ex. 2006, 3-
`19)
`8,267,534 5/17/2012
`(Ex. 1006, 146-
`49)
`8,550,642 4/23/2013
`(Ex. 2008, 5-7)
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`8,591,047 8/16/2013
`(Ex. 2009, 3-
`12)
`8,783,882 12/17/2013
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`11/3/2011
`(Ex. 2004, 15-
`18)
`11/22/2011
`(Ex. 2005, 23-
`25)
`1/6/2012
`(Ex. 2006, 22-
`24)
`5/21/2012
`(Ex. 1006, 190-
`92)
`7/17/2013
`(Ex. 2008, 21-
`23)
`8/21/2013
`(Ex. 2009, 26-
`28)
`3/17/2014
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`Affidavit by
`Dr. Lynam
`explaining
`Lynam ‘026
`is not Prior
`Art
`11/3/2011
`(Ex. 2004, 19-
`21)
`11/22/2011
`(Ex. 2005, 26-
`29)
`1/6/2012
`(Ex. 2006, 25-
`28)
`5/21/2012
`(Ex. 1006,
`195-96)
`7/17/2013
`(Ex. 2008, 26-
`28)
`8/21/2013
`(Ex. 2009, 30-
`32)
`3/17/2014
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`Notice of
`Allowance
`Agreeing
`with Dr.
`Lynam
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`1/20/2012
`(Ex. 2004, 27)
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`1/24/2012
`(Ex. 2005, 35)
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`2/17/2012
`(Ex. 2006, 34)
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`8/6/2012
`(Ex. 1006,
`284)
`9/5/2013
`(Ex. 2008, 35)
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`9/27/2013
`(Ex. 2009, 39)
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`6/10/2014
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`U.S.
`Patent
`No.
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`Rejection
`Over Lynam
`‘026
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`Response by Dr.
`Lynam
`Explaining
`Incorporation
`by Reference
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`(Ex. 1023, 135,
`137-50)
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`(Ex. 1023, 179-
`80)
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`Affidavit by
`Dr. Lynam
`explaining
`Lynam ‘026
`is not Prior
`Art
`(Ex. 1023,
`184-86)
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`Notice of
`Allowance
`Agreeing
`with Dr.
`Lynam
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`(Ex. 1023,
`349-51)
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`Accordingly, Lynam ‘026 is not prior art to the ‘534 patent and the question
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`has been considered eight times, by two different examiners.
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`2.
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`SMR Fails To Show Why The Board Should Reconsider
`The PTO’s Conclusion That The ‘534 Patent Properly
`Claims Priority To The ‘872 Provisional.
`SMR focuses its priority argument on whether the application preceding the
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`‘843 patent, the ‘666 application (Ex. 1014, which became the ‘154 patent),
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`provides a written description of the claims of the ‘534 patent, asserting that the
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`‘666 application does not incorporate by reference the relevant teachings of the
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`‘451 and ‘712 patents (Petition, 20-24), and that even if it did, the written
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`description would not support the ‘534 patent claims (Petition, 24-32). As the PTO
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`previously determined when Dr. Lynam prosecuted the ‘534 patent family, SMR’s
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`arguments are incorrect.
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`a.
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`The ‘666 application incorporates by reference the
`‘451 and ‘712 patents in their entirety.
`The standard for whether material is incorporated by reference “is whether
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`one reasonably skilled in the art would understand the application as describing
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`with sufficient particularity the material to be incorporated,” which “is a question
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`of law.” Harari v. Lee, 656 F.3d 1331, 1334 (Fed. Cir. 2011). In this regard, an
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`application may incorporate a reference in its entirety, and this incorporation can
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`then be used to provide written description support. Id. at 1335, 1338 (concluding
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`that “the entire ‘579 application disclosure was incorporated by the broad and
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`unequivocal language: ‘The disclosures of the two applications are hereby
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`incorporate[d] by reference’” and that therefore “the portions of the ‘579
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`application that Harari argues provide the written description support for its claims
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`are part of the optimized erase and write implementations” at issue).
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`The ‘666 application includes the same type of “broad and unequivocal
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`language” that was found to incorporate the entirety of a reference in Harari: “The
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`reflective element 12 may provide a field of view similar to the plano-auxiliary
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`reflective element assembly disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,522,451 and 6,717,712,
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`which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.” Ex. 1014, ¶ 28 (emphasis
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`added). SMR asserts that this statement incorporates by reference only the field of
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`view disclosed in the ‘451 and ‘712 patents (Petition, 20-21), but that argument is
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`grammatically incorrect. The verb used in the incorporation by reference
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`statement is “are,” which is used for a plural subject. This indicates that the
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`subject of the incorporation by reference statement is the plural “U.S. Pat. Nos.
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`6,522,451 and 6,717,712,” not the singular “a field of view” as SMR contends.
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`The sentence is properly broken down into two parts: 1) a statement that reflective
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`element 12 may provide a field of view similar to the plano-auxiliary reflective
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`element assembly disclosed in the ‘451 and the ‘712 patents, and 2) a statement
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`that the ‘451 and ‘712 patents are incorporated by reference.
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`SMR points to language in the ‘666 application where a reference is said to
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`be incorporated “in its entirety,” arguing that the lack of such a statement indicates
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`that something less than the entirety of the ‘451 and ‘712 patents are incorporated
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`in the statement at issue. Petition, 22. However, the Federal Circuit has agreed
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`that “there is no need to use such words as ‘in its entirety’ to indicate that the entire
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`reference is incorporated.” Harari, 656 F.3d at 1335. Indeed, as in Harari, the
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`‘666 application reveals that when Dr. Lynam intended to incorporate only specific
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`portions of a reference, he said so explicitly. Compare Ex. 1014, ¶ 44 (“[T]he
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`mirror assembly may include one or more displays of the types described in
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`[certain references], which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference, without
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`affecting the scope of the present invention.”) (emphases added) with Harari, 656
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`F.3d at 1335-36 (“We contrast the incorporation used here, ‘the disclosures,’ with
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`the incorporation language used later in the same specification, ‘relevant portions
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`Case IPR2018-00520
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`of the disclosures.’ When the drafter intended to incorporate only a portion it did
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`so expressly.”). Because here, as in Harari, Dr. Lynam broadly and unequivocally
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`stated in the ‘666 application that the ‘451 and ‘712 patents “are hereby
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`incorporated,” his broad language should be respected. Ex. 1014, ¶ 28.
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`SMR fails to cite a single case where a broad and unequivocal statement that
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`a reference is incorporated was found not to incorporate a reference in its entirety.
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`See Petition, 22-23 (citing Zenon, Husky, and Callaway Golf). In Zenon Envtl.,
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`Inc. v. U.S. Filter Corp., 506 F.3d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2007), the incorporation by
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`reference statement was expressly limited to specific subject matter. Id. at 1379
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`(incorporation by reference stated only that “details relating to the construction and
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`deployment of a most preferred skein are found in” the references and that “the
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`relevant disclosures of each [reference] are included by reference”) (emphasis
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`added). In Husky Injection Molding Sys. Ltd. v. Athena Automation Ltd., 838 F.3d
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`1236, 1248 (Fed. Cir. 2016), the court declined to reach the issue of whether a
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`reference was incorporated in its entirety. And in Callaway Golf Co. v. Acushnet
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`Co., 576 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2009), the issue of whether a reference was
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`incorporated in its entirety was not before the court at all. Id. at 1346-47 (reversing
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`district court and holding that specific materials disclosed in prior application were
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`incorporated by reference; the question of whether anything else from the prior
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`application was incorporated was not raised by either party).
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`b.
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`The Written Description Of The ‘666 Application
`Supports The Claims Of The ‘534 Patent.
`The inquiry for written description is whether the specification “reasonably
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`conveys to those skilled in the art that the inventor had possession of the claimed
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`subject matter as of the filing date.” Ariad Pharm., Inc. v. Eli Lily & Co., 598 F.3d
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`1336, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (en banc). Because the ‘666 application incorporates
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`by reference the ‘451 and ‘712 patents in their entirety, the incorporation by
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`reference provides sufficient written description support for nearly the entirety of
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`the scope of the claims of the ‘534 patent. The incorporation by reference of the
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`‘712 patent, which issued from the application that was published as Lynam ‘026,
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`places all of the teachings of Lynam ‘026 into the ‘666 application as if they were
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`explicitly contained therein. See Telemac Cellular Corp. v. Topp Telecom, Inc.,
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`247 F.3d 1316, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (“When a document is ‘incorporated by
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`reference’ into a host document, such as a patent, the referenced document
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`becomes effectively part of the host document as if it were explicitly contained
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`therein.”).3 Because SMR contends, in its Ground 1, that Lynam ‘026 discloses the
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`3 SMR cites to an earlier, abrogated case to argue to the contrary (Petition, 30), but
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`the case involved an issue of claim construction, not written description or priority,
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`and is therefore distinguishable. Modine Mfg. Co. v. ITC, 75 F.3d 1545, 1553
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`limitations of, and indeed anticipates claims 1-20, SMR cannot dispute that the
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`same teachings, when present in the ‘666 application, provide written description
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`support for the same limitations.
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`The only limitations of the ‘534 patent that are not disclosed in Lynam ‘026
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`are related to the “thin glass” embodiment that is optionally claimed as part of
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`claims 7 and 13. But SMR acknowledges that the “thin glass” feature is disclosed
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`in the ‘666 application because it contends in parallel proceedings that “thin glass”
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`is disclosed by the ‘666 application’s immediate parent, Lynam ‘011. See e.g.,
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`SMR Automotive Sys. USA, Inc. v. Magna Mirrors of Am., Inc., IPR2018-00491,
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`Petition at 47; Ex. 1014, ¶ 1. The same disclosures SMR relies on from Lynam
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`‘011 in IPR2018-00491 are also set forth in the ‘666 application. Compare
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`IPR2018-00491, Ex. 1036, ¶¶ 6-9, 27, 32, 35, 36, 38-41, 47, Figs. 2-5 with
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`IPR2018-00491, Ex. 1014, ¶¶ 6-9, 27, 32, 35, 36, 38-41, 47, Figs. 2-5.
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`Accordingly, the ‘666 application, including the material incorpor