CURRICULUM VITAE
`Kristen L. Billiar
`Professor and Head
`Department of Biomedical Engineering
`Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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`Home Address: 26 Lenox Street
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`Worcester, MA 01602
`Tel: (508) 796-5388
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`Email: kbilliar@wpi.edu
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`Work Address: Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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`Department of Biomedical Engineering
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`100 Institute Road
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`Worcester, MA 01609
`(508) 831-5384
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` Tel:
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`SUMMARY STATEMENT
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`Dr. Billiar is dedicated to the success of the Biomedical Engineering Society. He has been a member since 1995, and he
`currently serves as Chair of the Membership Committee and is a member of the Education committee. He served on the
`Board of Directors from 2012-2015. Dr. Billiar is also a member of the Executive Board of the American Society of
`Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Bioengineering Division (BED), and is a Fulbright Fellow, an ASME Fellow, and an AIMBE
`Fellow.
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`The focus of Dr. Billiar’s research is Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology. His lab studies the physical properties of
`biological tissues and the way in which mechanical forces regulate the development and healing of tissues and the
`pathogenesis of disease with applications in heart valves, skin, lung, and sternum. Dr. Billiar has been the PI of over $1.5
`million in funding of grants from The Whitaker Foundation, AHA, NIH, and NSF and co-PI of grants from AHA, NIH, NSF,
`and the DoD totaling over $10.75 million. He has published over 50 peer-reviewed articles in high impact journals and book
`chapters with 2000 citations, and he has authored or co-authored in excess of 130 conference presentations and invited
`seminars including recent scientific talks in Ireland, Italy, China, Australia, and the Netherlands. He has mentored 13
`postdocs and graduate students and over 35 undergraduate students in his laboratory. Dr. Billiar is an Associate Editor for the
`Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, reviews for over 20 journals, and regularly serves on grant panels for the NSF, and
`NIH and co-chairs a panel for the AHA.
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`Dr. Billiar has developed and taught 12 courses, advised 37 senior design team projects and 18 junior-level societal projects,
`and won multiple awards including the Trustees’ Award for Academic Advising and the Romeo L. Moruzzi Young Faculty
`Award for Innovation in Undergraduate Education at WPI. Dr. Billiar has organized many educational workshops at national
`and international engineering conferences and regularly presents his innovative problem-based teaching methods on campus
`and at conferences and in peer-reviewed literature.
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`Dr. Billiar has served as chair of technical committees in his professional societies and is very active in Faculty governance at
`WPI since he started in 2002. He is currently Department Head of Biomedical Engineering and previously he was a member
`of the Academic Planning Committee (APC) of the WPI Board of Trustees, he served as Chair of the Committee on
`Governance (COG), Chair of the Undergraduate Outcomes and Assessment Committee, and currently co-chairs the search for
`the Dean of Engineering. He was faculty advisor to the BMES student chapter and to Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity for over
`10 years each.
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`WATERS TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
`EXHIBIT 1004
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`Kristen L. Billiar
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`Curriculum Vitae Dec. 2017
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`BACKGROUND
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`EDUCATION
`1998
`Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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`School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Bioengineering
`Doctorate of Philosophy, Bioengineering
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`Dissertation: A structurally guided constitutive model for aortic valve bioprostheses: Effects of
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`glutaraldehyde treatment and mechanical fatigue.
`Advisor: Michael S. Sacks, Ph.D.
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`M.S. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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`School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Bioengineering
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`Master of Science in Engineering, Bioengineering
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`Advisor: Lawrence E. Thibault, Sc.D. (deceased)
`B.S. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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`Bachelor of Science in Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
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`Completed Cooperative Education Program. Graduated with Distinction.
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`1992
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`1991
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`WORK EXPERIENCE
`Department Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering, WPI, Worcester, MA
`2015-
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`Full Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, WPI, Worcester, MA
`2014-
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`Affiliated Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, WPI, Worcester, MA
`2002-
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`Affiliated Professor, Bioengineering Institute, WPI, Worcester, MA
`2003-
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`Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
`2003-
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`Adjunct Lecturer in Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering,
`2005-
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`National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
`Associate Professor with Tenure, Department of Biomedical Engineering, WPI, Worcester, MA
`Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, WPI, Worcester, MA
`Staff Engineer, Research and Development, Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA
`Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables,
`FL
`Graduate Research Fellow, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
`Research and Development Engineer, Student CO-OP program, Hewlett-Packard, Medical Products
`Division, Andover, MA
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`2008-2014
`2002-2008
`1998-2002
`1995-1998
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`1991-1995
`1989-1990
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`Kristen L. Billiar
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`Curriculum Vitae Dec. 2017
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`SCHOLARSHIP
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`HIGHLIGHTS
`• Elected as a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 2013
`• Elected as a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
`(AIMBE) in 2016
`• Coleman Faculty Entrepreneurship Fellow 2013-2015
`• Fulbright Fellow, 2009-2010
`Inducted into Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, in 2005
`•
`• Awardee of The Whitaker Foundation 2003
`$2.8 million in grant funding from The Whitaker Foundation, AHA, NIH, and NSF as PI; co-
`•
`PI of grants from AHA, NIH, NSF, and the DoD totaling over $11 million.
`• Over 65 manuscripts (most with graduate student authors, six with undergraduate authors,
`many with WPI and international collaborators), and 140 conference presentations (citations
`available upon request).
`• Manuscript selected as a 2012 Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Editors’ Choice Paper
`• Over 30 invited talks including Ireland, The Netherlands, Italy, China, Australia, Canada
`(titles and locations available upon request)
`• Four patents granted.
`• Citation indices from Google Scholar (as of 12/15/17)
`
` All
`Since 2012
`Citations
`2733
`1658
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`h-index 26
`23
`i10-index
`40
`38
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`PUBLICATIONS (In reverse chronological order. Undergraduates in italics, graduate students underlined.)
`1. Dutta S, Mana-Capelli S, Paramasivam M, Dasgupta I, Cirka H, Billiar K, McCollum D. “TRIP6 inhibits Hippo
`signaling in response to tension at adherens junctions.” EMBO Rep. 2017 Dec 8. pii: e201744777. doi:
`10.15252/embr.201744777. [Epub ahead of print]
`2. Hoffman AH, Teng Z, Zheng J, Wu Z, Woodard PK, Billiar KL, Wang L, Tang D. “Stiffness Properties of
`Adventitia, Media, and Full Thickness Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries in the Axial and Circumferential
`Directions.” J Biomech Eng. 2017 Dec 1;139(12). doi: 10.1115/1.4037794
`3. Wang Q, Canton G, Guo J, Guo X, Hatsukami TS, Billiar KL, Yuan C, Wu Z, Tang D. “MRI-based patient-specific
`human carotid atherosclerotic vessel material property variations in patients, vessel location and long-term follow
`up.” PLoS One. 2017 Jul 17;12(7):e0180829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180829.
`4. Cirka HA, Uribe J, Liang V, Schoen FJ, Billiar KL, “Reproducible in vitro model for dystrophic calcification of
`cardiac valvular interstitial cells: insights into the mechanisms of calcific aortic valvular disease.” Lab Chip. 2017
`Jan 27. doi: 10.1039/c6lc01226d
`5. Zuo, H., Tang, D., Yang, C., Gaudette, G., Billiar, K.L., and del Nido, P.J., “3D Fluid-Structure Interaction Canine
`Heart Model with Patch to Quantify Mechanical Conditions for Optimal Myocardium Stem Cell Growth and Tissue
`Regeneration” in press
`6. Aghvami M, Billiar KL, Sander EA. “Fiber Network Models Predict Enhanced Cell Mechanosensing on Fibrous
`Gels.” J Biomech Eng. 2016 Oct 1;138(10). doi: 10.1115/1.4034490.
`7. Clyne AM, Billiar KL. Implementing problem-based learning in biomechanics courses: a practical approach. J
`Biomech Eng. 2016 May 23. doi: 10.1115/1.4033671. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27210616.
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`Curriculum Vitae Dec. 2017
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`8. Billiar K., “Special Section: Annual Education Issue: Let the Wild Rumpus of Education Start!” (Editorial) J
`Biomech Eng. 2016 Jul 1;138(7). doi: 10.1115/1.4033584.
`9. Cirka, H., Monterosso, M., Diamantides, N., Favreau, J., Wen, Q. and Billiar, K. "Active traction force response to
`long-term cyclic stretch is dependent upon cell prestress," Biophysical Journal. 2016 Apr 26;110(8):1845-57. doi:
`10.1016/j.bpj.2016.02.036.
`10. Tang D, Del Nido PJ, Yang C, Zuo H, Huang X, Rathod RH, Gooty V, Tang A, Wu Z, Billiar KL, Geva T.,
`“Patient-Specific MRI-Based Right Ventricle Models Using Different Zero-Load Diastole and Systole Geometries
`for Better Cardiac Stress and Strain Calculations and Pulmonary Valve Replacement Surgical Outcome
`Predictions.” PLoS One. 2016 Sep 14;11(9):e0162986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162986.
`11. Guo X, Zhu J, Maehara A, Monoly D, Samady H, Wang L, Billiar KL, Zheng J, Yang C, Mintz GS, Giddens DP,
`Tang D., “Quantify patient-specific coronary material property and its impact on stress/strain calculations using in
`vivo IVUS data and 3D FSI models: a pilot study.” Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2016 Aug 25.
`12. Billiar, K., Hubelbank, J., Oliva, T., Quinn, J., Rolle, M., and Camesano, T., “Participating in authentic engineering
`projects improves teachers’ ability to teach the design process to middle school students.” ASEE Annual Meeting,
`New Orleans, June 2016. (full-length, peer-reviewed manuscript accepted)
`13. Liang, V., Moore, M., Rogers, J., Pfeifer, G, and Billiar, K. “Teaching Engineering Students How to Recognize and
`Analyze Ethical Scenarios.” ASEE Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June 2016. (full-length, peer-reviewed
`manuscript accepted)
`14. Zuo, H., Tang, D., Yang, C., Gaudette, G., Billiar, K.L., and del Nido, P.J., “3D Fluid-Structure Interaction Canine
`Heart Model with Patch to Quantify Mechanical Conditions for Optimal Myocardium Stem Cell Growth and Tissue
`Regeneration” in press
`15. Jackson, X., Jasensky, Z., Liang, V., Moore, M., Rogers, J., Pfeifer, G., Billiar, K.L., “A Joint-Venture Approach in
`Teaching Students How to Recognize and Analyze Ethical Scenarios", Ethics in Biology, Engineering and
`Medicine, pp. 197-209 DOI: 10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2016014325
`16. Kural, MH, Billiar, KL., “Myofibroblast persistence with real-time changes in boundary stiffness.” Acta Biomater.
`2016 Mar 1;32:223-30. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.031
`17. Wang L, Zheng J, Maehara A, Yang C, Billiar KL, Wu Z, Bach R, Muccigrosso D, Mintz GS, Tang D.,
`“Morphological and Stress Vulnerability Indices for Human Coronary Plaques and Their Correlations with Cap
`Thickness and Lipid Percent: An IVUS-Based Fluid-Structure Interaction Multi-patient Study.” PLoS Comput Biol.
`2015 Dec 9;11(12):e1004652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.100465
`18. Tang D, Yang C, Del Nido PJ, Zuo H, Rathod RH, Huang X, Gooty V, Tang A, Billiar KL, Wu Z, Geva T.,
`“Mechanical stress is associated with right ventricular response to pulmonary valve replacement in patients with
`repaired tetralogy of Fallot.” J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Oct 3. pii: S0022-5223(15)01815-2. doi:
`10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.106
`19. Mullen, C, Vaughan, T, Billiar, K, and McNamara, L, "The Effect of Substrate Stiffness, Thickness and
`Crosslinking Density on Osteogenic Cell Behaviour," Biophysical Journal 2015 108(7):1604-12.
`20. Cirka, H.A., Kural, M.H., and Billiar, K.L., “Mechanoregulation of Aortic Valvular Interstitial Cell Life and Death”
`Journal of long-term Effects of Medical Implants, 2015;25(1-2):3-16.
`21. Wang L, Wu Z, Yang C, Zheng J, Bach R, Muccigrosso D, Billiar K, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Tang D., “IVUS-
`Based FSI Models for Human Coronary Plaque Progression Study: Components, Correlation and Predictive
`Analysis,” Ann Biomed Eng. 2014 Sep 23.
`22. Zhang, W., Billiar, K.L., and Sacks, M.S., “A generalized method for the analysis of planar biaxial mechanical
`data,” J Biomech Eng. 2014 Nov 1. doi: 10.1115/1.4029266.
`23. Fan R., Tang D., Yang C., Zheng J., Bach R., Wang L., Muccigrosso D., Billiar K., Zhu J., Ma G., Maehara
`A., Mintz S G., “Human coronary plaque wall thickness correlated positively with flow shear stress and negatively
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`with plaque wall stress: an IVUS-based fluid-structure interaction multi-patient study,” BioMedical Engineering
`OnLine, 13(32), 2014.
`24. Kural, M.H. and Billiar, K.L., “Mechanoregulation of valvular interstitial cell phenotype in the third dimension,”
`Biomaterials, Jan;35(4):1128-37, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.047.
`25. Kural, M.H. and Billiar, K.L., “Regulating tension in three-dimensional culture environments.” (Invited review)
`Experimental Cell Research, 319(16), 2013. DOI: 0.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.019.
`26. Billiar, K., Oliva, T., Hubelbank, J., and Camesano, T., “Teaching STEM by Design,” Advances in Engineering
`Education, V4(1) Winter 2014. Chosen as lead article and featured in the ASEE PRISM magazine.
`27. Rudnicki, M., Cirka, H., Aghvami, M., Sander, E.A., Wen, Q. and Billiar, K.L., “Nonlinear strain stiffening is not
`sufficient to explain how far cells can “feel” on fibrous protein gels,” Biophysical Journal, 105(1):11-20, 2013.
`28. Tang D, Yang C, Geva T, Rathod R, Yamauchi H, Gooty V, Tang A, Kural MH, Billiar KL, Gaudette G, Del Nido
`PJ., “A multiphysics modeling approach to develop right ventricle pulmonary valve replacement surgical procedures
`with a contracting band to improve ventricle ejection fraction,” Computers and Structures 2013 Jun 1;122:78-87.
`29. Tang D, Yang C, Zheng J, Canton G, Bach RG, Hatsukami TS, Wang L, Yang D, Billiar KL, Yuan C, “Image-
`Based Modeling and Precision Medicine: Patient-Specific Carotid and Coronary Plaque Assessment and
`Predictions,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2013 Mar;60(3):643-51. doi:
`10.1109/TBME.2013.2242891.
`30. Adebayo O, Hu JZ, Gwyther TA, Billiar KL, Rolle MW. “Self-assembled smooth muscle cell tissue rings exhibit
`greater tensile strength than cell-seeded fibrin or collagen gel rings.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part
`A. 2013 Feb;101(2):428-37. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34341.
`31. Yang, C., Tang, D., Geva, T., Rathod, R., Yamauchi, H., Gooty, V., Tang, A., Gaudette, G., Billiar, K.L., Kural, M.,
`del Nido, P., “Using contracting band to improve right ventricle ejection fraction for patients with repaired Tetralogy
`of Fallot, a modeling study using patient-specific CMR-based two-layer anisotropic models of human right and left
`ventricles.” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2013 Jan;145(1):285-93, 293.e1-2. doi:
`10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.03.009.
`32. Throm Quinlan, A., Billiar, K.L., “Investigating the role of stiffness in the persistence of valvular interstitial cell
`activation.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2012 Sep;100(9):2474-82. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34162.
`33. Cirka, H., Koehler, S., Farr, W., Billiar, K.L., “Eccentric rheometry for viscoelastic characterization of small, soft,
`anisotropic, and irregularly shaped biopolymer gels and tissue biopsies.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering Ann
`Biomed Eng. 2012, 40 (8) PMID: 22361829.
`34. Liu, H., Canton, G., Yuan, C., Yang, C., Billiar, K.L., Teng, Z., Hoffman, H., Tang, D., “Using In Vivo Cine and 3D
`Multi-Contrast MRI to Determine Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Material Properties and Circumferential
`Shrinkage Rate and Their Impact on Stress/Strain Predictions.” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2012
`Jan;134(1):011008. Editor’s Choice Award 2012
`35. Liu, H., Cai, M., Yang, C., Zheng, J., Bach, R., Kural, M., Billiar, K.L., Muccigrosso, D., Lu, D., Tang, D., “IVUS-
`Based Computational Modeling and Planar Biaxial Artery Material Properties for Human Coronary Plaque
`Vulnerability Assessment.” Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics (MCB). Mol Cell Biomech. 2012 Mar;9(1):77-93.
`36. Cai, M., Yang, C., Kural, M., Bach, R., Muccigrosso, D., Yang, D., Zheng, J., Billiar, K.L., Tang, D., “Intravascular
`ultrasound (IVUS)-based computational modeling and planar biaxial artery material properties for human coronary
`plaque vulnerability assessment.” International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), 2012
`vol.19, no.4, pp. 97-104
`37. Broderick G, McIntyre J, Noury M, Strom HM, Psoinos C, Christakas A, Billiar K, Hurwitz ZM, Lalikos JF, Ignotz
`RA, Dunn RM. “Dermal Collagen Matricies for Ventral Hernia Repair: Comparative Analysis in a Rat Model
`Hernia,” Hernia. 2012, Jun;16(3):333-43. DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0891-0
`38. Gwyther TA, Hu JZ, Billiar, K.L., Rolle MW.,"Directed Cellular Self-Assembly to Fabricate Cell-Derived Tissue
`Rings for Biomechanical Analysis and Tissue Engineering" Journal of Visualized Experiments, JoVE 2011, Issue 57
`doi: 10.3791/3366, http://www.jove.com/video/3366 .
`39. Kural, M.H., Cai, M., Tang, D., Gwyther, T., Zheng, J. and Billiar, K.L., “Planar biaxial characterization of
`diseased human coronary and carotid arteries for computational modeling,” Journal of Biomechanics, 2012 Mar
`15;45(5):790-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.019
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`40. Throm Quinlan, A.M., Sierad, L.N., Capulli, A.K., Firstenberg, L.E., and Billiar, K.L., “Combining dynamic stretch
`and tunable stiffness to probe cell mechanobiology in vitro,” PLoS ONE 6(8): e23272, 2011.
`doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023272.
`41. Abu-Rub, M., Billiar, K., van Es, M., Knight, A., Rodriquez, B., Zeugolis, D., McMahon, S., Windebank, A., and
`Pandit, A., “Nano-textured self-assembled aligned collagen hydrogels promote directional neurite guidance and
`overcome inhibition by myelin associated glycoprotein” Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 2770-2781. DOI:
`10.1039/C0SM01062F
`42. Gwyther TA, Hu JZ, Christakis AG, Skorinko JK, Shaw SM, Billiar, K.L., Rolle MW., “Engineered vascular tissue
`fabricated from aggregated smooth muscle cells,” Cells Tissues Organs. 2011.
`43. Silva JA, McCormick JJ, Reed MA, Morse AS, Heffernan MJ, Lavado RD, Billiar K, Wixted JJ., “Biomechanical
`effects of harvesting bone graft with the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator on the adult femur: a cadaver study,“ Injury.
`2010 Nov;41 Suppl 2:S85-9.
`44. McCormick, J., Li, X., Weiss, D., Billiar, K.L. and Wixted, J., “Biomechanical Investigation of a Novel Ratcheting
`Arthrodesis Nail,” Journal of Orthopedic Surgery and Research., 2010, 5:74
`45. Broderick G, Lalikos J, Chowaniec M, Collins M, Wilson E, Babbitt R, O'Brien J, Billiar K, Dunn RM., “Femur
`Flap for Tibial Reconstruction: Percent Circumference Required to Convey a Mechanical Advantage over the
`Fibula.” J Reconstr Microsurg. 26(7), pp. 481-6, 2010. PMID: 20593345
`46. Yao L, Billiar K, Windebank AJ, Pandit A., “Multi-channelled Collagen Conduits for Peripheral Nerve
`Regeneration: Design, Fabrication and Characterization,” Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2010 Jun 9;
`doi:10.1089/ten.TEC.2010.0152; PMID: 20528663.
`47. Balestrini, J., Skorinko, J., Hera, A., Gaudette, G., and Billiar, K., “Applying controlled inhomogeneous deformation
`for in vitro mechanobiological studies,” Biomechan Model Mechanobiol, Volume 9(3):329-44, 2010. DOI
`10.1007/s10237-009-0179-9; PMID: 20169395
`48. Peck, L., Billiar, K.L., Ray, M., “Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone
`Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions,” The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, Open Biomed
`Eng J. 2010 Mar 9;4:77-84; doi: 10.2174/1874120701004010077; PMID: 20461229
`49. John, J., Throm, A., Silvestri, C., Billiar, K.L., “Boundary stiffness regulates fibroblast behavior in collagen gels,”
`Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2010 Mar;38(3):658-73. doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9856-1; PMID: 20012205.
`50. Yang, C., Bach, R.G., Zheng, J., Naqa, I.E., Woodard, P.K., Teng, Z., Billiar, K., Tang, D., “In Vivo IVUS-Based 3-
`D Fluid–Structure Interaction Models With Cyclic Bending and Anisotropic Vessel Properties for Human
`Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque Mechanical Analysis,” IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 56,
`No. 10, October 2009; doi: : 10.1109/TBME.2009.2025658; PMID: 19567341.
`51. Tang, D., Yang, C., Kobayashi, S., Zheng, J., Woodard, P., Teng, Z., Billiar, K., Bach, R., Ku, D., “3D MRI-Based
`Anisotropic FSI Models with Cyclic Bending for Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Mechanical Analysis,”
`Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2009 Jun;131(6):061010; doi: 10.1115/1.3127253; PMID: 19449964.
`52. Throm, A., Liu, W., Lock, C., and Billiar, K.L., “Development of a cell-derived matrix: effects of epidermal growth
`factor in chemically defined culture,” Journal of Biomedical Material Research, Part A. 2010 Feb 92(2):533-41,
`DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32369. PMID:19235212
`53. Balestrini, J., Billiar, K., “Magnitude and duty cycle of equibiaxial stretch modulates fibroblast remodeling of fibrin
`gel tissue equivalents,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2009 May;131(5):051005. URL:
`http://link.aip.org/link/?JBY/131/051005
`54. Pai, S., Dunn, R., Babbitt, R., Strom, H., Pins, G., Lalikos, J., Billiar, K.L., “Characterization of forces on the
`sternal midline following median sternotomy in a porcine model,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2008
`Oct;130(5):051004.
`55. Marturano, J., Cleveland, B., Byrne, M., Wixted, J., Billiar, K., “An improved device for repeatable murine femur
`fracture for bone healing studies,” Journal of Biomechanics, 41(6), pp. 1222-8, 2008.
`56. Grouf, J., Throm, A., Balestrini, J., Bush, K., and Billiar, K.L., “Differential effects of EGF and TGF-β1 on
`fibroblast activity in fibrin-based tissue equivalents,” Tissue Engineering, Vol.13 (4), pp. 799-807, 2007.
`57. Pai, S., Gunja, N., Dupak, E., McMahon, N., Coburn J., Roth, T., Lalikos, J., Dunn, R., Francalancia, N., Pins, P.,
`Billiar, K.L.., “A Mechanical Study of Rigid Plate Configurations for Sternal Fixation,” Annals of Biomedical
`Engineering, Vol. 35(5):808-16, 2007.
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`58. Ahlfors, J., Billiar, K.L., “Biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of a human fibroblast-produced and
`remodeled matrix,” Biomaterials, Vol. 28, pp. 2183–2191, 2007.
`59. Coburn, J., Brody, S., Billiar, K.L., Pandit, A., “Biaxial Mechanical Evaluation of Cholecyst-Derived Extracellular
`Matrix: A Weakly-anisotropic Potential Tissue Engineered Biomaterial,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
`Part A, 81A (1): 250-256, 2007.
`60. Balestrini, J., Billiar, K.L., “Equibiaxial cyclic stretch stimulates fibroblasts to rapidly remodel fibrin gels.” Journal
`of Biomechanics, Vol. 39, pp. 2983-2990, 2006.
`61. Pai, S., Gunja, N., Dupak, E., McMahon, N., Roth, T., Lalikos, J., Dunn, R., Francalancia, N., Pins, P., Billiar, K.L.,
`“In vitro comparison of wire and plate fixation for midline sternotomies,” Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol. 80, pp.
`962-968, 2005.
`62. Billiar, K.L., Throm, A.M., Frey, M.T., “Biaxial failure properties of planar living tissue equivalents,” Journal of
`Biomedical Materials Research, Vol.73A, pp. 182-191, 2005.
`63. Billiar, K.L., Murray, J., Laude, D., Abraham, G., Bachrach, N., “Effects of carbodiimide crosslinking conditions on
`the physical properties of laminated intestinal submucosa,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research., Vol. 56, No.
`1, pp. 101-8, 2001.
`64. Abraham, G.A., Murray, J., Billiar, K.L., Sullivan, S.J., "Evaluation of the porcine collagen layer as a biomaterial,"
`Journal of Biomedical Materials Research., Vol. 51, pp. 442-452, 2000.
`65. Gloeckner, D.C., Sacks, M.S., Billiar, K.L., Bachrach, N., "Mechanical evaluation and design of a multi-layered
`collagenous repair biomaterial," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research., Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 365-373, 2000.
`66. Billiar, K.L. and Sacks, M.S. “Biaxial mechanical properties of the natural and glutaraldehyde treated porcine aortic
`valve: Part I - Experimental results," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 1, pp. 23-30, 2000.
`67. Billiar, K.L. and Sacks, M.S. “Biaxial mechanical properties of the native and glutaraldehyde-treated aortic valve
`cusp: Part II - A structural constitutive model," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 4, pp. 327-335,
`2000.
`68. Gloeckner, D.C., Billiar, K.L., Sacks, M.S., "Effects of mechanical fatigue on the bending properties of the porcine
`bioprosthetic heart valve," ASAIO Journal, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 59-63, 1999.
`69. Billiar, K.L. and Sacks, M.S. “A method to quantify the fiber kinematics of planar tissues under biaxial stretch,”
`Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 753-756, 1997.
`Book Chapters and Invited Papers published or in press
`1. Billiar, K.L. "The mechanical environment of cells in collagen gel models: Global and local effects in three-
`dimensional biological hydrogels" in Cellular and Biomolecular Mechanics and Mechanobiology, Springer, 2010.
`2. Sacks, M.S., and Billiar, K.L. “Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Cusps Subjected to
`Accelerated Testing,” Advances in Anti-Calcific and Anti-Degenerative Treatment of Heart Valve Bioprostheses, S.
`Gabbay and R.W.M. Frater, Eds., 1998.
`3. Bain, A.C., Billiar, K.L., Kotapka, M.J., McIntosh, T.K., Gennarelli, T.A., and Meaney, D.A. “Chapter 5: In vivo
`mechanical thresholds for traumatic axonal damage” Impact Head Injury: Responses, Mechanisms, Tolerance,
`Treatment, and Countermeasures, AGARD/NATO, pp. 5.1-5.12, 1997.
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`FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS RECEIVED
`Funding - Current
`1. National Institutes of Health, R15 (AREA), 2R15HL087257-02A1 “Combatting Retraction in Tissue Engineered
`Heart Valves.” Funding Agency: NHLBI PI: K. Billiar, 08/15/2014 – 07/31/2018,
`2. National Science Foundation, EEC- 1559819 REU Site: Integrated Bioengineering Research, Education, and
`Outreach Experiences for Females and Underrepresented Minorities at WPI,” PI: K. Billiar, co-PI: A. Reidinger
`9/16-8/19
`3. National Science Foundation, DGE-1144804, ”IGERT: Training Innovative Leaders in Biofabrication” PI: T.
`Camesano, Co-PIs: K. Billiar, G. Gaudette, M. Rolle, F. Hoy.. 7/12-6/18
`Funding - Completed
`1. National Science Foundation, EEC-1156821 REU Site: Integrated Bioengineering Research, Education, and Outreach
`Experiences for Females and Underrepresented Minorities at WPI,” PI: K. Billiar, co-PI: H. Vassallo 3/12-1/16,
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`Curriculum Vitae Dec. 2017
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`2. National Science Foundation, EEC- 1135628 “RET Site: Inquiry-based Bioengineering Research and Design Experiences for
`Middle-School Teachers,” PI: T. Camesano, Co-PI: K. Billiar, 9/1/2011-8/31/2015,
`3. American Heart Association Northeast Affiliate, Predoctoral Fellowship for Heather Cirka, “Mechanical Regulation of
`Apoptosis,” 01/01/2014-12/31/15
`4. U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRC), “Neuroprosthetics: Development of Tissue Integration,
`Control and Sensory Feedback Solutions for Neural-Enabled Prosthetic Devices,” Grant 10161005. PI: Lambert, C., Co-PIs:
`Billiar, K. (5% effort), Clancy, E., Page, R., Pins, G., 9/5/11-12/4/14,
`5. National Institutes of Health, R15 (AREA), 1R15HL087257-01A2 “Regulation of valvular interstitial cell fate: Role of stiffness
`and TGF-beta.” Funding Agency: NHLBI PI: K. Billiar, 7/01/09 - 6/30/13.
`6. National Institutes of Health, R01, 2R01EB004759-05 “In Vivo IVUS Image-Based Modeling for Human Coronary Plaque
`Assessment.” Funding Agency: NIBIB PI: D. Tang; Role: K. Billiar co-investigator, 9/01/10 - 11/30/13,
`7. Canadian Science Foundation, “Mechanical and epithelial cell regulation of airway smooth muscle contractile function,”
`$551,835 Cdn, PI: Geoff Maksym, CoPI E Cowley, Collaborators: D Bethune, Dalhousie, University, K Billiar, Worcester
`Polytechnic Institute, C Chen, University of Pennsylvania, J Fredberg, Harvard School of Public Health, D Knight, University of
`British Columbia, D Tschumperlin, Harvard School of Public Health.
`8. National Science Foundation, CBET-0922901 “MRI: Acquisition of an Atomic Force Microscope for Bioengineering and Life
`Science Research Across Multiple Scales: Molecules, Polymers, Microbes, and Cells.” PI: T. Camesano, Co-PI: K. Billiar, R.
`Garcia, N. Burnham, S. Politz, 8/1/09-7/31/12,
`9. National Science Foundation, EEC0754996 “REU Site: Integrated Bioengineering Research, Education, and Outreach
`Experiences for Females and Underrepresented Minorities at WPI,” PI: K. Billiar, co-PI: M. Rolle 2/10-1/13,
`10. Science Foundation Ireland Principal Investigator grant, “In Situ Formed Stem Cell Biological Dressing for Wound Healing,” PI:
`W. Wang (National University of Ireland, Galway); Co-investigator: K. Billiar et al.
`11. NSF/NIGMS, DMS-proposal # 1068668 (07/01/11-06/30/16), “Serial MRI-Based Computational and Statistical Models to
`Predict Plaque Rupture,” D. Tang, Co-PI: C. Yuan, K. Billiar, Zheyang Wu, Amount:
`12. The International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSP), “Probing collagen fiber interactions with atomic force
`microscopy,” University of Twente, Enshede, The Netherlands, PI: K. Billiar, 6/10,
`13. Fulbright Commission, Fulbright Scholar Program, “Nanoscale mechanics of fibrous scaffolds,” PI: K. Billiar. 09/01/09-
`05/31/10,
`14. National Science Foundation, EEC0743037 “RET Site: Inquiry-based Bioengineering Research and Design Experiences for
`Middle-School Teachers,” PI: T. Camesano, Co-PI: K. Billiar, 2/08-1/11
`15. National Institutes of Health, R15 (AREA), GRANT00527512. “Rapid Fabrication of Cell-Derived Tissue Rings.” Funding
`Agency: NHLBI PI: M. Rolle co-PI: K. Billiar, 12/01/09 - 11/31/11
`16. U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRC), “Tissue Integration, Signal Control and Sensory Feedback
`Approaches to Prosthetics Development,” Grant BFR08-1011-N00 PI: McGimpsey, G., Co-PIs: Billiar, K. (11% effort,
`$75,000), Clancy, E., Lambert, S., Pins, G., 6/5/09-6/4/09
`17. American Heart Association National Affiliate Scientist Development Grant, SDG 0535265N “Mechanical Activation of
`Valvular Interstitial Cell Phenotype, PI: K Billiar, 7/1/05-6/30/09
`18. American Heart Association National Affiliate Scientist Development Grant, SDG “Myocardial Regeneration in Surgical
`Ventricular Restoration,” PI: Glenn Gaudette, Co-PI: K Billiar, 07/2006-06/2011
`19. American Heart Association Northeast Affiliate Scientist Development Grant, “Mechanical Activation of Valvular Interstitial
`Cell Phenotype, PI: K Billiar, 7/1/05-6/30/08, Submission withdrawn due to overlap with AHA Grant received (#1 above)
`20. Whitaker Foundation Research Grant, RG-02-0732 “Mechanically-guided Wound Healing to Promote Dermal Regeneration,” PI:
`K Billiar, 9/1/03-8/30/06
`21. Research grant from the Johnson and Johnson Wound Management, University of Massachusetts Department of Surgery,
`Worcester, MA, “Mechanical analysis of forces exerted on the sternum in vivo for the design of an accurate sternal fixation
`testing device”, PI: K Billiar, 9/23/04-09/22/05
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`PATENTS
`1. “Fibrin microthreads” KG Cornwell, GD Pins, K Billiar, US Patent 9,662,415, May 30, 2017
`2. “Bone fixture assembly” Billiar, K.L., and Dunn, R., U.S. Patent No. 9,566,098 on February 14, 2017
`3. “Methods and systems for viscoelastic characterization of anisotropic biological samples,” U.S. Patent No.
`9,423,333 B2, issued Aug. 23, 2016.
`4. “A Novel Screw/Plate Design for Osteoporetic Bone and Other Applications,” Billiar, K., Dunn, R., Christakis, A.,
`Ahn, J., Dieselman, J., Sandefer, A., US Patent #8690927 B2 April 8, 2014.
`1. “Collagen and Fibrin Microthreads in a Discrete Thread Model of In Vitro ACL Scaffold Regeneration,” Cornwell,
`K.G., Billiar, K. L. and Pins, G. D., US Patent