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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_______________
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`
`LG ELECTRONICS, INC., LG ELECTRONICS U.S.A., INC., LG
`ELECTRONICS MOBILECOMM U.S.A. INC., LG ELECTRONICS MOBILE
`RESEARCH U.S.A. LLC, AND LG ELECTRONICS ALABAMA, INC.,
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`FUNDAMENTAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS INT’L, LLC
`Patent Owner
`
`_______________
`
`IPR2018-00495
`U.S. Patent No. 7,239,111
`_______________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 312 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
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`IPR2018-00495 Petition
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`Inter Partes Review of 7,239,111
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`II.
`III.
`
`IX.
`
`I. MANDATORY NOTICES ............................................................................. 1
`A. Real Party-in-Interest ............................................................................ 1
`B. Related Matters ...................................................................................... 1
`C.
`Lead and Back-up Counsel and Service Information ........................... 2
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING ........................................................................ 3
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4
`A. USB 2.0 Background ............................................................................. 4
`B.
`SE1 State for Signaling ......................................................................... 5
`C.
`The ’111 Patent ..................................................................................... 6
`D.
`Prosecution of the ’111 Patent .............................................................. 8
`IV. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ............................................. 9
`V.
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................ 9
`“means for receiving energy from a power socket” (Claim 18) .........10
`A.
`“means for regulating the received energy from the power socket to
`B.
`generate a power output” (Claim 18) .................................................12
`“means for generating an identification signal that indicates to the
`mobile device that the power socket is not a USB hub or host” (Claim
`18) ........................................................................................................14
`“means for coupling the power output and identification signal to the
`mobile device” (Claim 18) ...................................................................16
`VII. REQUESTED RELIEF .................................................................................18
`VIII. IDENTIFICATION OF CHALLENGE ........................................................18
`A.
`Challenged Claims and Statutory Grounds .........................................18
`IDENTIFICATION OF HOW THE CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE ....19
`A. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6, 8, 16, and 17 are unpatentable under 35
`U.S.C. § 103(a) over Dougherty in view of DeJaco, Hahn, and Shiga
` .............................................................................................................20
`1.
`Summary of Dougherty .............................................................20
`2.
`Summary of DeJaco ..................................................................22
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`C.
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`D.
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`Inter Partes Review of 7,239,111
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`3.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty and DeJaco ............................22
`Summary of Hahn .....................................................................25
`4.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty and Hahn ...............................26
`5.
`Summary of Shiga .....................................................................32
`6.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty and Shiga ..............................34
`7.
`Claim 1 ......................................................................................37
`8.
`Claim 2 ......................................................................................56
`9.
`10. Claim 3 ......................................................................................57
`11. Claim 6 ......................................................................................59
`12. Claim 8 ......................................................................................60
`13. Claim 16 ....................................................................................61
`14. Claim 17 ....................................................................................62
`Ground 2: Claims 12 and 14 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. §
`103(a) over Dougherty in view of DeJaco, Hahn, Shiga, and Amoni 70
`1.
`Summary of Amoni ...................................................................70
`2.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty, Hahn, and Amoni.................71
`3.
`Claim 12 ....................................................................................74
`4.
`Claim 14 ....................................................................................76
`Ground 3: Claims 7 and 18 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a)
`over Dougherty in view of DeJaco, Hahn, Shiga, and USB 2.0 .........78
`1.
`Summary of USB 2.0 ................................................................78
`2.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty and USB 2.0 ..........................79
`3.
`Claim 7 ......................................................................................82
`4.
`Claim 18 ....................................................................................85
`CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................89
`X.
`XI. CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT ...........................................................90
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`B.
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`C.
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`IPR2018-00495 Petition
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`PETITIONER’S EXHIBIT LIST
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`January 15, 2018
`
`LGE-1001 U.S. Patent No. 7,239,111 to Fischer et al. (“the ’111 Patent”)
`LGE-1002 Prosecution File History of the ’111 Patent
`LGE-1003 Declaration of Dr. Jonathan R. Wood
`LGE-1004 CV of Dr. Jonathan R. Wood
`LGE-1005 U.S. Patent No. 7,360,004 to Dougherty et al. (“Dougherty”)
`LGE-1006 U.S. Patent No. 6,745,024 to DeJaco et al. (“DeJaco”)
`LGE-1007 U.S. Patent No. 5,973,948 to Hahn et al. (“Hahn”)
`LGE-1008 U.S. Patent No. 6,625,738 to Shiga (“Shiga”)
`LGE-1009 U.S. Patent No. 5,884,086 to Amoni et al. (“Amoni”)
`LGE-1010 Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0, April 27, 2000
`(“USB 2.0”)
`LGE-1011 U.S. Patent No. 6,625,790 to Casebolt et al. (“Casebolt”)
`LGE-1012 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1013 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1014 Daniel W. Hart, Introduction to Power Electronics, 1997 (“Hart
`Textbook”)
`LGE-1015 U.S. Patent No. 6,859,645 to Yu (“Yu”)
`LGE-1016 U.S. Patent No. 7,260,835 to Bajikar (“Bajikar”)
`LGE-1017 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2001/0016890 to Sonoda (“Sonoda”)
`LGE-1018 Adel S. Sedra & Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 4th
`ed. 1998) (“Sedra Textbook”)
`LGE-1019 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1020 Cypress CY7C63722/23 CY7C63742/43 enCoReTM USB
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`Combination Low-Speed USB & PS/2 Peripheral Controller,
`Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, May 25, 2000 (“Cypress
`enCoRe”)
`LGE-1021 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0135766 to Zyskowski et al.
`(“Zyskowski”)
`LGE-1022 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1023 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1024 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1025 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1026 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1027 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1028 ** Reserved **
`LGE-1029 Declaration of Geert Knapen
`LGE-1030 Declaration of Dr. Ingrid Hsieh-Yee
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`Note that the following analysis will cite to the page numbers provided in
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`the above-listed exhibits, if available. Also, the following analysis may bold,
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`underline and/or italicize quotations and add color or annotations to the figures
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`from these exhibits for the sake of emphasis.
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`Inter Partes Review of 7,239,111
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`Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311, 314(a), and 37 C.F.R. § 42.100, Petitioner
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`respectfully submits that the present Petition presents a reasonable likelihood that
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`at least one claim is unpatentable in view of the prior art and respectfully requests
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`that the Board review and cancel as unpatentable claims 1-3, 6-8, 12, 14, and 16-18
`
`(hereinafter, the “Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 7,239,111 (LGE-1001,
`
`the “’111 Patent”).1
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`I. MANDATORY NOTICES
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`A. Real Party-in-Interest
`
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1), LG Electronics, Inc., LG Electronics
`
`U.S.A. Inc., LG Electronics Mobilecomm U.S.A. Inc., LG Electronics Mobile
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`Research U.S.A. LLC, and LG Electronics Alabama, Inc. (collectively “LGE” or
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`“Petitioner”) certifies that it is the real party-in-interest.
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`B. Related Matters
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2), to the best knowledge of the Petitioner,
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`the ’111 Patent is involved in the following litigation:
`
`• Fundamental Innovation Systems International LLC v. ZTE Corporation
`et al., Case No. 3-17-cv-01827. This case was originally filed in the
`Eastern District of Texas on February 13, 2017, styled as Case No. 2-17-
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`1 Petitioner reserves the right to raise additional statutory challenges in the
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`concurrent litigation as appropriate.
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`cv-00124, and was transferred to the Northern District of Texas on July
`12, 2017.
`• Fundamental Innovation Systems International LLC v. Samsung
`Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00145, Eastern District of
`Texas.
`• Fundamental Innovation Systems International LLC v. Huawei
`Investment & Holding Co., Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-16-cv-01424, Eastern
`District of Texas.
`• Fundamental Innovation Systems International LLC v. LG Electronics,
`Inc. et al., Case No. 2-16-cv-01425, Eastern District of Texas. Petitioner
`is the named Defendant in this pending case.
`• Petition for Inter Partes Review by Huawei Device Co., Ltd., IPR2018-
`00487.
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3), Petitioner identifies the following
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`counsel (and a power of attorney accompanies this Petition).
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`C.
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`Lead and Back-up Counsel and Service Information
`
`Lead Counsel
`David L. McCombs
`HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP
`2323 Victory Ave. Suite 700
`Dallas, TX 75219
`Back–up Counsel
`Gregory P. Huh
`HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP
`2323 Victory Ave. Suite 700
`Dallas, TX 75219
`
`
`214-651-5533
`Phone:
`214-200-0853
`Fax:
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`david.mccombs.ipr@haynesboone.com
`USPTO Reg. No. 32,271
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`972-739-6939
`Phone:
`214-200-0853
`Fax:
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`gregory.huh.ipr@haynesboone.com
`USPTO Reg. No. 70,480
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`David M. O’Dell
`HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP
`2323 Victory Ave. Suite 700
`Dallas, TX 75219
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`Brian Graham
`HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP
`2323 Victory Ave. Suite 700
`Dallas, TX 75219
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`Please address all correspondence to lead and back-up counsel. Petitioner
`
`
`972-739-8635
`Phone:
`214-200-0853
`Fax:
`
`david.odell.ipr@haynesboone.com
`USPTO Reg. No. 42,044
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`972-739-8647
`Phone:
`214-200-0853
`Fax:
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`brian.graham.ipr@haynesboone.com
`USPTO Reg. No. 67,387
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`consents to electronic service.
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`II. GROUNDS FOR STANDING
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a), Petitioner certifies that the ’111 Patent is
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`available for inter partes review and that Petitioner is not barred or estopped from
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`requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on the Challenges
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`identified in this Petition.
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`III.
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`INTRODUCTION
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`A. USB 2.0 Background
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`IPR2018-00495 Petition
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`The ’111 Patent2 and this IPR pertains generally to powering a device using
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`Universal Serial Bus (“USB”). USB was well-known at the earliest possible
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`priority date for the ’111 Patent. Specifically, the USB Implementers Forum
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`(USB-IF) released USB Revision 1.1 on September 23, 1998 and released USB
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`Revision 2.0 (“USB 2.0”) on April 27, 2000. LGE-1010, ii; LGE-1003, ¶¶30-40.
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`“When a USB device is attached to or removed from the USB, the host uses
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`... bus enumeration to identify and manage the device state changes,” and USB 2.0
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`discloses eight actions taken to enumerate the device. LGE-1010, 243-44; LGE-
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`1003, ¶34, 38.
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`The USB 2.0 “specification covers two aspects of power.” LGE-1010, 18.
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`In the first aspect, “a limited amount of power [is provided] over the cable,” that
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`includes a pair of power lines (VBUS and GND) and a twisted pair of data lines (D+
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`and D-), shown in Figure 4-2 below. LGE-1010, 17-18; see also id. 18, 86; LGE-
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`1003, ¶¶35-37, 39.
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`
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`2 The ’111 Patent claims priority back to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
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`60/273,021, filed on March 1, 2001, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application
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`No. 60/330,486, filed on October 23, 2001.
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`LGE-1010, FIG. 4-2
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`
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`While powering, USB 2.0 allows for drawing current over the VBUS line up
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`to a limit of 100mA for a low-power device and before enumeration, or 500mA for
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`a high-power device. LGE-1010, at 171. USB 2.0 also limits voltage on the VBUS
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`line to 5.25V. LGE-1010, 175, 178, Table 7-7; LGE-1003, ¶¶39. Further, USB 2.0
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`covers the second aspect of using “its own power supply” and “power management
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`system” that interacts with the USB System Software. LGE-1010, 17-18; LGE-
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`1003, ¶33.
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`The USB data lines can be in four different signaling states. One state,
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`according to USB 2.0, is the “SE1 state” “in which both the D+ and D- lines are
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`at a voltage above VOSE1 (min), which is 0.8 V.” LGE-1010, 123; LGE-1003,
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`¶40.
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`B.
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`SE1 State for Signaling
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`Using the SE1 state (i.e., D+ and D- high) for signaling over the USB data
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`lines was well-known in the art, as evidenced by the below discussed examples.
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`LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`1st Example: Shiga (LGE-1008) applied 3 volts on both the D+ and D- data
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`lines, for signaling purposes. LGE-1008, Abstract, 6:43-47. Shiga explains that
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`this signaling state is useful for “providing a function that USB does not have”
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`since it is “not a USB standard state” and therefore “can be easily distinguished
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`from USB standard data signals.” LGE-1008, 2:5-6, 5:60-62, 6:53-58, 8:48-58;
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`see also id. Abstract; LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`2nd Example: Casebolt (LGE-1011) pulled up the D+ and D- data lines to
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`generate the SE1 state to indicate the type of device connected to the USB
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`interface. LGE-1011, 6:66-7:8, 7:30-34; LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`3rd Example: Sonoda (LGE-1017) used the SE1 state to indicate to the host
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`computer the nature of the apparatus attached to the port. LGE-1017, Abstract,
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`FIGS. 1 and 2. LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`4th Example: Cypress Semiconductor (LGE-1020) used the SE1 state in
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`their encore product. LGE-1020, 21-25, 41; LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`5th Example: Zyskowski (LGE-1021) used the SE1 state to signal that it is
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`operating at full power. LGE-1021, ¶¶17-19; LGE-1003, ¶41.
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`C.
`
`The ’111 Patent
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`The ’111 Patent describes “a USB adapter for providing a source of power to
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`a mobile device through a USB port.” LGE-1001, 2:19-21; see also id. 2:3-21,
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`FIG. 2; LGE-1003, ¶¶42-46.
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`LGE-1001, FIG. 2
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`The ’111 Patent’s USB adapter transmits an “identification signal” to the
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`mobile device, indicating that the adapter is not limited by the USB Specification.
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`LGE-1001, 8:23-25; LGE-1003, ¶46. “The preferred identification signal results
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`from the application of voltage signals greater than 2 volts to both the D+ and D-
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`lines in the USB connector.” LGE-1001, 9:21-23; LGE-1003, ¶47.
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`Prosecution of the ’111 Patent
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`D.
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`IPR2018-00495 Petition
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`During prosecution, the original claims were directed to a USB adapter for
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`providing power to a mobile device and to a method for providing energy to a
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`mobile device using a USB adapter. LGE-1002, 145-48. The Examiner rejected
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`all claims as unpatentable over U.S. Patent No. 6,130,518 to Gabehart. Id. 112-16.
`
`In response, the Applicants argued that “the Gabehart reference does not disclose
`
`or suggest the generation of an identification signal which is configured to indicate
`
`to the mobile device that the power socket is not a USB host or hub, as claimed.”
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`Id. 110.
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`A second non-final Office Action was issued that withdrew the rejections in
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`view of Gabehart but rejected all claims as unpatentable over U.S. Patent
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`Publication No. 2004/0251878 to Veselic (“Veselic”). LGE-1002, 101-04. In
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`response, the Applicants argued that Veselic was not prior art because of its
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`priority date. Id. 82.
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`A third non-final Office Action was issued that rejected all the claims on the
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`ground of nonstatutory double patenting in view of the parent, U.S. Patent
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`Application No. 10/087,629. LGE-1002, 73. In response, the Applicants filed a
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`terminal disclaimer. Id. 69. The Examiner then issued a Notice of Allowance,
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`without indicating reasons for allowance. LGE-1002, 53.
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`IV. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
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`The level of ordinary skill in the art may be reflected by the prior art of
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`record. See Okajima v. Bourdeau, 261 F.3d 1350, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2001). Here, a
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`Person of Ordinary Skill In The Art (“POSITA”) at the time would have had a
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`master’s degree in electrical engineering, computer science, or a related field, plus
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`two to three years of power electronics design experience including experience
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`with serial communication systems such as USB. LGE-1003, ¶¶20-24.
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`Furthermore, a person with less education but more experience, or more education
`
`but less experience, would also meet the relevant standard for a POSITA. LGE-
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`1003, ¶23. Dr. Jonathan Wood, whose declaration is contained herein, was a
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`POSITA at the earliest possible priority date for the ’111 Patent. LGE-1003, ¶5-
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`19, 23; LGE-1004.
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`V. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
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`During inter partes review, claims of an unexpired patent are to be given
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`their “broadest reasonable interpretation” consistent with the specification, unless
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`the inventor, as a lexicographer, has set forth a special meaning for a term. See 37
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`C.F.R. § 42.100(b); Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee, 136 S. Ct. 2131, 2144-45
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`(2016).
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`The below claim limitations recite the term “means” and include functional
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`language, thereby creating a presumption that 35 USC § 112 ¶ 6 applies. See
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`Greenberg v. Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., 91 F.3d 1580, 1583 (Fed. Cir. 1996).
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`Accordingly, such limitations should be construed as covering the corresponding
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`structure, material, or acts described in the specification, and equivalents thereof. In
`
`re Donaldson Co., 16 F.3d 1189, 1193 (Fed. Cir. 1994).
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`All claim terms not specifically construed below are given their broadest
`
`reasonable interpretation, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art
`
`consistent with the disclosure. In re Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257
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`(Fed. Cir. 2007).3
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`A.
`
`“means for receiving energy from a power socket” (Claim 18)
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`The function is “receiving energy from a power socket.”
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`The ’111 Patent discloses three distinct corresponding structures that may
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`perform the recited function. These include a “plug unit” “configured to receive
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`energy from a power socket ... either directly or through the use of a plug
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`adapter.” LGE-1001, 7:22-26; see also id. 7:12-14, FIG. 2. The ’111 Patent uses
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`the terms energy and power interchangeably. Compare LGE-1001, 7:22-26 with
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`
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`3 Because the standard for claim construction at the USPTO is different from that
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`used in other forums, Petitioner reserves the right to argue in other forums a
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`different construction for any term, as appropriate to that proceeding. See In re
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`Am. Acad. of Sci. Tech Ctr., 367 F.3d 1359, 1364, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2004).
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`id. 7:12-14 (“The plug unit 106 ... can be used to couple with a conventional
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`power socket to receive power therefrom.”). A POSITA would have understood
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`that energy is the integral of power with respect to time. LGE-1014, 18; LGE-
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`1003, ¶58. Accordingly, a POSITA would have understood that the plug unit
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`alone and, alternatively, the plug adapter with the plug unit perform this claimed
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`function. LGE-1003, ¶ 60.
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`The ’111 Patent also discloses a “power converter” that “is operative to
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`receive energy from a power socket.” LGE-1001, 7:27-30.
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`LGE-1001, FIG. 2
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`
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`Therefore, under the broadest reasonable interpretation, the corresponding
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`structure encompasses a plug unit, or a plug adapter used with a plug unit, or a
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`power converter, or an equivalent thereof. LGE-1003, ¶¶57-62.
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`B.
`
`“means for regulating the received energy from the power socket to
`generate a power output” (Claim 18)
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`The function is “regulating the received energy from the power socket to
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`generate a power output.” The ’111 Patent discloses a “power converter [that] is
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`electrically coupled to the plug unit and is operable to regulate the received energy
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`from the power socket and to output a power requirement to the mobile device.”
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`LGE-1001, 2:9-13; see also id. 7:27-34, 11:10-14; LGE-1003, ¶65.
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`LGE-1001, FIG. 2
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`Therefore, under the broadest reasonable interpretation, the corresponding
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`structure encompasses a power converter or an equivalent thereof. LGE-1003,
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`¶¶63-66.
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`C.
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`“means for generating an identification signal that indicates to the
`mobile device that the power socket is not a USB hub or host”
`(Claim 18)
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`The function is “generating an identification signal that indicates to the
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`mobile device that the power socket is not a USB hub or host.”
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`The ’111 Patent discloses that the corresponding structure is an
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`identification subsystem or an equivalent thereof. LGE-1001, 8:23-25 (“[t]he
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`identification subsystem 108 provides an identification signal to the mobile
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`device 10 that the power source is not a USB limited source.”); see also id. 9:3-8;
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`LGE-1003, ¶69.
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`LGE-1001, FIG. 2
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`The ’111 Patent describes two different structures for the identification
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`subsystem. “In one embodiment, the identification subsystem 108 comprises a
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`hard-wired connection of a single voltage level to both data lines. In another
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`embodiment, the identification subsystem 108 comprises a USB controller that is
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`operable to communicate an identification signal to the mobile device.” LGE-
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`1001, 8:31-36; LGE-1003, ¶70.
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`Therefore, under the broadest reasonable interpretation, the corresponding
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`structure encompasses an identification subsystem including a USB controller or a
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`hard-wired connection of a voltage level, or an equivalent thereof. LGE-1003,
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`¶¶67-71.
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`D.
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`“means for coupling the power output and identification signal to
`the mobile device” (Claim 18)
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`The function is “coupling the power output and identification signal to the
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`mobile device.” The preamble of claim 18 recites “[a] Universal Serial Bus
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`(‘USB’) adapter” that comprises the means.
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`The ’111 Patent discloses that the USB adapter includes a primary USB
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`connector to perform this function. LGE-1001, 7:41-43 (“The power converter
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`104 provides its energy output to the mobile device 10 via ... the primary USB
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`connector 102.”) The “primary USB connector” also provides “a communication
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`path” for data to and from the mobile device. Id. 7:4-11; LGE-1003, ¶¶73-74.
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`LGE-1001, FIG. 2
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`Therefore, under the broadest reasonable interpretation, the corresponding
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`structure encompasses a USB connector of a USB adapter or an equivalent thereof.
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`LGE-1003, ¶¶72-75.
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`VII. REQUESTED RELIEF
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`Petitioner asks that the Board review the accompanying prior art and
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`analysis, institute a trial for inter partes review of claims 1-3, 6-8, 12, 14, and 16-
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`18 of the ’111 Patent, and cancel those claims as unpatentable.
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`VIII. IDENTIFICATION OF CHALLENGE
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`A. Challenged Claims and Statutory Grounds
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`This Petition challenges claims 1-3, 6-8, 12, 14, and 16-18 of the ’111 Patent
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`on three grounds.
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`Grounds
`Ground 1
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`Claims
`1-3, 6, 8, 16,
`and 17
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`Ground 2
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`12 and 14
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`Ground 3
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`7 and 18
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`Basis
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over U.S. Patent No. 7,360,004 to
`Dougherty et al. (“Dougherty”) in view of U.S.
`Patent No. 6,745,024 to DeJaco et al. (“DeJaco”),
`U.S. Patent No. 5,973,948 to Hahn et al. (“Hahn”),
`and U.S. Patent No. 6,625,738 to Shiga (“Shiga”)
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Dougherty in view of
`DeJaco Hahn, Shiga, and U.S. Patent No.
`5,884,086 to Amoni et al. (“Amoni”)
`35 U.S.C. § 103 over Dougherty in view of
`DeJaco Hahn, Shiga, and Universal Serial Bus
`Specification, Revision 2.0, April 27, 2000 (“USB
`2.0”)
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`
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`Dougherty is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 09/608,082, filed on
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`June 30, 2000. DeJaco issued from an application filed on January 10, 2000.
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`Shiga issued from an application filed on December 6, 1999. These references are
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`prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(e).
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`USB 2.0 was publicly available on April 27, 2000. Mr. Geert Knapen, who
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`participated in drafting the USB 2.0 Specification, provides testimony
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`demonstrating that the USB 2.0 Specification was made publicly available on April
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`27, 2000. LGE-1029, 1; see also LGE-1015, 1:41-43; LGE-1016, 5:29-49.
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`Accordingly, this reference is prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(a).
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`Hahn issued as a patent on October 26, 1999. Amoni issued as a patent on
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`March 16, 1999. These references are prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(b).
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`IX. IDENTIFICATION OF HOW THE CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE
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`As explained below in Grounds 1-3, all of the elements of the Challenged
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`Claims were well-known in the art. The arguments presented in these grounds are
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`based on the combined teachings of references which were not considered by the
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`examiner. Further, this Petition relies on the declaration testimony of Dr. Wood
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`(LGE-1003), which was not before the examiner previously. Therefore, given that
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`none of the below grounds present the same or substantially the same prior art or
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`arguments as were previously presented during examination, the Board should
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`decline to exercise its discretion under Section 325(d), as it has done in similar
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`circumstances. See Comcast Cable Communications LLC, v. Rovi Guides, Inc.,
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`IPR2017–00939, Paper 11, at 36–38 (PTAB Sep. 11, 2017); Juniper Networks, Inc.
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`Inter Partes Review of 7,239,111
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`v. Mobile Telecommunications Techs., LLC, IPR2017–00642, Paper 24, at 8–9
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`(PTAB Jul. 7, 2017); Panties Plus, Inc., v. Bragel International, Inc., IPR2017–
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`00044, Paper 6, at 9–10 (PTAB Apr. 12, 2017).
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`A. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6, 8, 16, and 17 are unpatentable under 35
`U.S.C. § 103(a) over Dougherty in view of DeJaco, Hahn, and
`Shiga
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`1.
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`Summary of Dougherty
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,360,004 to Dougherty describes a “docking station
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`adapted to supply power…to [a] laptop computer across [a] USB connection.”
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`LGE-1005, 2:55-58; LGE-1003, ¶¶77-79. The docking station and the docked
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`laptop are illustrated in below Figures 1 and 2.
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`LGE-1005, FIG. 1
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`LGE-1005, FIG. 2
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`Dougherty explains that when the laptop is docked, the devices engage in a
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`handshaking protocol over USB serial communication lines which “reveal[] to ...
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`the laptop computer 100 that the docking station 200 is capable of providing power
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`across the power rails 138 of the USB interface”. LGE-1005, 4:60-66, 5:26-52,
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`FIGS. 1 and 2; LGE-1003, ¶¶78-80.
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`The docking station then “ramp[s] the voltage on the positive USB power
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`rail 244, 144 up to approximately 18 volts.” LGE-1005, 7:3-7. “Laptop computer
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`100 ... operates using the 18 volt power supplied by the docking station 200 across
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`the USB interface.” Id. 7:15-17. In this way, Dougherty’s docking station is
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`adapted to power its laptop using the USB connectors. LGE-1003, ¶¶81-82.
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`2.
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`Summary of DeJaco
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`U.S. Patent No. 6,745,024 to DeJaco describes use of a wireless modem for
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`laptops. LGE-1006, 4:55-5:1; LGE-1003, ¶83. DeJaco recognizes numerous
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`benefits of using a wireless modem including “the possibility to combine the
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`mobility of a portable device with the efficiency of e-mail communications.” Id.
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`5:8-10; see also id. 1:18-32; LGE-1003, ¶83.
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`3.
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`Reasons to Combine Dougherty and DeJaco
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`A POSITA would have been motivated to combine the teachings of
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`Dougherty and DeJaco to produce the obvious, beneficial, and predictable result of
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`equipping Dougherty’s laptop with a wireless modem for wireless communication.
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`LGE-1003, ¶84.
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`First, a POSITA when considering the teachings of Dougherty would have
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`also considered the teachings of DeJaco since they are analogous prior art and both
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`pertain to the same field of endeavor of portable computing devices, including
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`laptops. LGE-1005, Abstract, 1:20-46; LGE-1006, 4:55-5:17; LGE-1003, ¶85.
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`Second, a POSITA would have found it obvious to utilize DeJaco’s
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`teachings in Dougherty’s laptop because this combination would have yielded
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`beneficial and predictable results. LGE-1003, ¶¶86-90.
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`Dougherty recognizes that a portable laptop computer is desirable “for a user
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`who travels frequently and needs computing power in those travels” (LGE-1005,
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`1:30-32) and seeks to provide a lightweight portable laptop that “allows for remote
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`operation” (Id. 1:27-44). DeJaco supplements Dougherty and teaches including a
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`wireless modem in the laptop for communication when operating remotely. LGE-
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`1006, 4:58-5:6. A POSITA would have found it obvious to use a wireless modem,
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`as DeJaco teaches, when implementing the laptop of Dougherty because this
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`combination would allow the laptop to connect to a wireless network and
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`beneficially allow for wireless communication. LGE-1003, ¶87.
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`For instance, including such a modem provides the benefits of wireless
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`access to e-mail. See LGE-1006, 5:8-10; LGE-1003, ¶88. DeJaco describes
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`numerous distinct benefits of e-mail including low cost, speed, longevity, security,
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`authentication, and ease of distribution to multiple recipients. LGE-1006, 1:18-32.
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`Further, DeJaco explains that a wireless modem may be used to connect to the
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`Internet. LGE-1006, 1:38-41, 4:62-65; 5:9-14. A POSITA would have recognized
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`many uses of a laptop that would take advantage of wireless Internet access
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`including sharing files, video, and audio. See e.g., id. 3:16-32; LGE-1003, ¶¶88-
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`89.
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`Accordingly, a POSITA would have been motivated to apply DeJaco’s
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`teachings of utilizing a wireless modem to provide Dougherty’s laptop with
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`wireless communication, thereby obtaining the numerous distinct advantages
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`discussed above. LGE-1003, ¶¶86-90. The above noted benefits, separately and
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`together, would have motivated a POSITA to make the proposed combination. Id.
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`Modifying Dougherty’s laptop to include a wireless modem, based on
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`DeJaco’s teaching, would have been within the ability of a POSITA and would
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`produce operable and predictable results. LGE-1003, ¶91. To the extent that any
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`modification would have been needed to the