`Scheifler et al.
`
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006832223Bl
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Dec.14,2004
`
`(54) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR
`FACILITATING ACCESS TO A LOOKUP
`SERVICE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Robert W. Scheifler, Somerville, MA
`(US); Ann M. Wollrath, Groton, MA
`(US); James H. Waldo, Dracut, MA
`(US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Sun Microsystems, Inc., Santa Clara,
`CA(US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`
`4,809,160 A
`4,823,122 A
`4,939,638 A
`4,956,773 A
`4,992,940 A
`
`2/1989 Mahon et al.
`4/1989 Mann et al.
`7 /1990 Stephenson et al.
`9/1990 Saito et al.
`2/1991 Dworkin
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0 300 516 A
`0 384 339 A
`0 472 874 Al
`0 474 340 A
`0 497 022 Al
`0 555 997 A
`0 565 849 A
`
`1/1989
`8/1990
`3/1992
`3/1992
`8/1992
`8/1993
`10/1993
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/044,826
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Mar. 20, 1998
`
`(63)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/636,706, filed on
`Apr. 23, 1996
`Provisional application No. 60/076,048, filed on Feb. 26,
`1998.
`
`Int. Cl.7 . ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. G06F 17/00
`U.S. Cl. ......................... 707/10; 709/200; 707/200;
`713/150
`Field of Search ................................. 709/200-232,
`709/234; 707/1-206; 713/150--153
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,430,699 A
`4,491,946 A
`4,558,413 A
`4,567,359 A
`4,713,806 A
`
`2/1984 Segarra et al. .............. 364/200
`1/1985 Kryskow, Jr. et al.
`12/1985 Schmidt et al. ............. 364/300
`1/1986 Lockwood
`12/1987 Oberlander et al.
`
`Moller et al., Enhancing Jini's lookup service using XML(cid:173)
`-based service templates, Technology of Object-Oriented
`Languages and Systems, 2001, TOOLS 38, Proceedings,
`Mar. 12-14, 2001, pp. 19-31.*
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner-David Jung
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson,
`Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, L.L.P.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Methods and systems are provided that facilitate access to a
`service via a lookup service. A lookup service defines a
`network's directory of services and stores references to these
`services. A client desiring use of a service on the network
`accesses the lookup service, which returns the stub infor(cid:173)
`mation that facilitates the user's access of the service. The
`client uses the stub information to access the service.
`
`27 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`1~ STUBCLllSSINSTllNCEAfCBVESRESl.ft_TANO
`PROVIOESRESULTINFORW.TIONTOCAl.LINOCl..llSS
`INSTANCE
`
`APPL-1017 / Page 1 of 26
`Apple v. Uniloc
`
`
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,088,036 A
`5,101,346 A
`5,109,486 A
`5,187,787 A
`5,218,699 A
`5,253,165 A
`5,257,369 A
`5,293,614 A
`5,297,283 A
`5,307,490 A
`5,311,591 A
`5,319,542 A
`5,327,559 A
`5,339,435 A
`5,386,568 A
`5,390,328 A
`5,392,280 A
`5,423,042 A
`5,440,744 A
`5,448,740 A
`5,452,459 A
`5,455,952 A
`5,471,629 A
`5,475,792 A
`5,475,817 A
`5,475,840 A
`5,481,721 A
`5,504,921 A
`5,511,196 A
`5,511,197 A *
`5,524,244 A
`5,544,040 A
`5,548,726 A
`5,553,282 A
`5,555,367 A
`5,555,427 A
`5,557,798 A
`5,560,003 A
`5,561,785 A
`5,577,231 A
`5,592,375 A
`5,594,921 A
`5,603,031 A
`5,617,537 A
`5,628,005 A
`5,640,564 A
`5,644,768 A
`5,652,888 A
`5,655,148 A
`5,659,751 A
`5,664,110 A
`5,664,111 A
`5,666,493 A
`5,671,225 A
`5,671,279 A
`5,675,796 A
`5,675,797 A
`5,680,573 A
`5,680,617 A
`5,684,955 A
`5,689,709 A
`5,694,551 A
`5,706,435 A
`5,706,502 A
`5,710,887 A
`5,715,314 A
`5,721,832 A
`5,724,540 A
`5,724,588 A *
`5,727,048 A
`
`2/1992
`3/1992
`4/1992
`2/1993
`6/1993
`10/1993
`10/1993
`3/1994
`3/1994
`4/1994
`5/1994
`6/1994
`7/1994
`8/1994
`1/1995
`2/1995
`2/1995
`6/1995
`8/1995
`9/1995
`9/1995
`10/1995
`11/1995
`12/1995
`12/1995
`12/1995
`1/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`6/1996
`8/1996
`8/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`10/1996
`11/1996
`1/1997
`1/1997
`2/1997
`4/1997
`5/1997
`6/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`8/1997
`8/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`10/1997
`10/1997
`10/1997
`10/1997
`11/1997
`11/1997
`12/1997
`1/1998
`1/1998
`1/1998
`2/1998
`2/1998
`3/1998
`3/1998
`3/1998
`
`Ellis et al. .................. 395/425
`Ohtsuki
`Seymour
`Skeen et al. ................ 395/600
`Brandle et al.
`Leiseca et al.
`Skeen et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /650
`Ferguson et al.
`. . . . . . . . . . . 395 /600
`Kelly et al.
`Davidson et al. ........... 709/203
`Fischer
`King, Jr. et al.
`Priven et al.
`Lubkin et al.
`Wold et al.
`Frey et al.
`Zheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370/60
`Jalili et al.
`Jacobson et al.
`Kiri et al.
`Drury et al. ................ 395/700
`Gjovaag
`Risch
`Stanford et al.
`Waldo et al.
`Nelson et al.
`Serlet et al.
`Dev et al.
`Shackelford et al.
`Hill et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 /200
`Robinson et al.
`Gerbaulet
`Pettus
`.. ... ... .. ... ... ... 395/200.09
`Parrish et al.
`Premerlani et al.
`Aoe et al. ................... 395/800
`Skeen et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /650
`Nilsen et al.
`............... 395/600
`Blandy et al.
`......... 395/497.01
`Scalzi et al.
`Salmon et al.
`Pettus
`........................ 395 /831
`White et al. ................ 395/683
`Yamada et al.
`Hurvig
`Hamilton et al.
`Periwal et al. .............. 395/672
`Burgess
`Richman et al. ............ 395/828
`Heninger .................... 395/685
`Green et al.
`Nahan et al.
`Wojcik et al.
`Hooper et al.
`Elgamal
`Hodges et al.
`Chung et al.
`Rubin et al.
`Gough et al.
`Meyer et al.
`Corbett et al.
`Doyle et al.
`Barbara et al.
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /610
`Foley et al.
`Chelliah et al.
`Payne et al.
`Westrope et al.
`Kametani
`Hill et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 /200
`Hiroshima et al.
`
`5,727,145 A *
`5,729,594 A
`5,737,607 A
`5,742,768 A
`5,745,678 A
`5,745,695 A
`5,745,703 A
`5,745,755 A
`5,748,897 A
`5,754,849 A
`5,757,925 A
`5,758,328 A
`5,758,344 A
`5,761,656 A
`5,764,897 A
`5,768,532 A
`5,774,551 A
`5,774,729 A
`5,778,179 A
`5,778,187 A
`5,778,228 A
`5,778,368 A
`5,784,560 A
`5,787,425 A
`5,787,431 A
`5,790,548 A
`5,790,677 A
`5,794,207 A
`5,802,367 A
`5,805,805 A
`5,808,911 A
`5,809,144 A
`5,809,507 A *
`5,812,819 A
`5,813,013 A
`5,815,149 A
`5,815,709 A *
`5,815,711 A
`5,818,448 A
`5,829,022 A
`5,832,219 A
`5,832,529 A
`5,832,593 A
`5,835,737 A
`5,842,018 A
`5,844,553 A
`5,845,090 A
`5,845,129 A
`5,850,442 A
`5,860,004 A *
`5,860,153 A
`5,864,862 A
`5,864,866 A
`5,872,928 A
`5,872,973 A
`5,875,335 A
`5,878,411 A
`5,884,024 A
`5,884,079 A
`5,887,134 A
`5,889,951 A
`5,890,158 A
`5,892,904 A
`5,913,029 A
`5,933,497 A
`5,933,647 A
`5,935,249 A
`5,940,827 A
`5,944,793 A
`5,946,485 A
`5,946,694 A
`
`3/1998
`3/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`8/1998
`8/1998
`8/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`12/1998
`12/1998
`12/1998
`12/1998
`1/1999
`1/1999
`1/1999
`1/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`3/1999
`4/1999
`6/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`8/1999
`
`Nessett et al. .............. 709/200
`Klingman
`Hamilton et al. ........... 395/701
`Gennaro et al.
`........... 395/186
`Herzberg et al.
`Gilchrist et al. . ... ... 395/200.57
`Cejtin et al. .. ... ... ... 395/200.68
`Covey ........................ 395/619
`Katiyar . ... ... ... ... .. ... 395/200.49
`Dyer et al.
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /612
`Faybishenko .. ... .. ... ... ... 380/49
`Giovannoli
`Prasad et al. ................. 707/10
`Ben-Shachar .................. 707/4
`Khalidi .................. 395/200.31
`Megerian ............... 395/200.75
`Wu et al.
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380/25
`Carney et al.
`Kanai et al.
`... ... 395/200.61
`Monteiro et al.
`Wei ............................ 395/684
`Hogan et al. ................. 707/10
`Kingdon et al. ....... 395/200.31
`Bigus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /6
`Shaughnessy ............... 707/100
`Sistanizadeh et al. ....... 370/401
`Fox et al.
`Walker et al.
`Held et al. .................. 395/685
`Civanlar et al.
`Tucker et al. ............... 364/559
`Sirbu et al.
`........... 709/200
`Cavanaugh, III
`Rodwin et al.
`............. 395/500
`Shakib et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /102
`Mutschler, III et al.
`.... 345/335
`............... 709/200
`Waldo et al.
`Sakamoto et al.
`.......... 395/701
`Katiyar ....................... 345/335
`Watanabe et al. ... ... .. ... 711/118
`Pettus
`.. ... ... ... ... .. ... 395/200.33
`Wollrath et al.
`Wurst et al. .................. 29/750
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /293
`Sand et al.
`........... 395/700
`Atkinson et al.
`Hao et al. ................... 345/329
`.... 395/200.51
`Collins, III et al.
`Wendorf et al. ............ 395/726
`Muftic
`Fowlow et al. ............. 709/200
`Malena et al. .............. 711/216
`Kriens et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /103
`Henckel et al. ............. 707/103
`Lewis et al. .. ... ... ... 395/200.52
`Mitchell et al.
`............ 395/685
`Beard ......................... 395 /705
`Burroughs et al.
`............ 707/4
`Lim et al. .. ... ... ... ... 395/187.01
`Furusawa ................... 395/701
`Ebrahim .................. 395/200.3
`Lombardi ... ... ... .. ... 395/200.49
`House et al.
`................. 707/10
`Atkinson et al.
`... ... 395/187.01
`Shostak ... ... ... ... .. ... 395/200.33
`Beetcher et al. . ... ... .. ... ... 380/4
`Aronberg et al. ........... 395/712
`Stern et al. ................. 713/201
`Hapner et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /8
`Islam et al. ................. 709/220
`Weeren et al. .............. 395/703
`Copeland et al. ........... 707/103
`
`APPL-1017 / Page 2 of 26
`
`
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Page 3
`
`5,949,998 A
`5,951,652 A
`5,956,509 A
`5,961,582 A
`5,963,924 A
`5,963,947 A
`5,966,531 A
`5,969,967 A
`5,974,201 A
`5,978,484 A
`5,982,773 A
`5,987,506 A
`5,999,179 A
`5,999,988 A
`6,003,050 A
`6,003,763 A
`6,009,103 A
`6,009,413 A
`6,016,496 A
`6,016,516 A
`6,023,586 A
`6,026,414 A
`6,031,977 A
`6,032,151 A
`6,044,381 A
`6,052,761 A
`6,058,383 A
`6,061,699 A
`6,061,713 A
`6,067,575 A
`6,085,255 A
`6,093,216 A
`6,108,346 A
`6,134,603 A
`6,182,083 Bl
`6,185,602 Bl
`6,185,611 Bl
`6,199,116 Bl
`6,216,138 Bl
`6,216,158 Bl
`6,226,746 Bl
`6,243,716 Bl
`6,247,091 Bl
`6,253,256 Bl
`6,263,350 Bl
`6,263,379 Bl
`6,272,559 Bl
`6,282,295 Bl
`6,282,568 Bl
`6,339,783 Bl
`6,343,308 Bl
`6,385,643 Bl
`6,687,717 Bl *
`6,697,865 Bl *
`6,701,438 Bl *
`
`9/1999
`9/1999
`9/1999
`10/1999
`10/1999
`10/1999
`10/1999
`10/1999
`10/1999
`11/1999
`11/1999
`11/1999
`12/1999
`12/1999
`12/1999
`12/1999
`12/1999
`12/1999
`1/2000
`1/2000
`2/2000
`2/2000
`2/2000
`2/2000
`3/2000
`4/2000
`5/2000
`5/2000
`5/2000
`5/2000
`7/2000
`7/2000
`8/2000
`10/2000
`1/2001
`2/2001
`2/2001
`3/2001
`4/2001
`4/2001
`5/2001
`6/2001
`6/2001
`6/2001
`7/2001
`7/2001
`8/2001
`8/2001
`8/2001
`1/2002
`1/2002
`5/2002
`2/2004
`2/2004
`3/2004
`
`Fowlow et al. ............. 395/701
`Ingrassia, Jr. et al.
`...... 709/248
`Kevner ....................... 395/684
`Gaines
`Williams et al.
`Ford et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /10
`Skeen et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /683
`Aahlad et al.
`.............. 364/131
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382/305
`Chang et al.
`Apperson et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380/25
`Nishimura et al.
`Carter et al. ................ 709/213
`Kekic et al. ................ 345/349
`Pelegri-Llopart et al. ... 709/304
`Silver et al.
`.......... 235/379
`Gallagher et al.
`Woundy ..................... 370/401
`Webber et al.
`Roberson .................... 707/103
`Horikiri
`Gaisford et al. ............ 395/712
`Anglin ....................... 707 /204
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 /200.6
`Pettus
`Arnold et al.
`Boothby et al.
`Hornung et al. ............ 711/141
`........ 705/44
`Narasimhalu et al.
`DiCecco et al. ............ 707/513
`Bharadhwaj ................ 709/203
`McManis et al. ........... 709/300
`Vincent et al.
`............. 709/238
`Adi-Tabatabai et al.
`Doucette et al. ............ 370/450
`Jones et al.
`Scheifler et al.
`Bayrakeri ................... 709/204
`Waldo et al.
`............... 709/221
`May et al.
`Wells et al.
`Luo et al.
`Scheifler ..................... 713/200
`Waldo et al.
`Lovett ........................ 710/260
`Wollrath et al.
`Wollrath et al.
`Atkinson et al.
`Jones et al.
`Young et al.
`Sondur et al.
`Horikiri
`Marchesseault
`Jacobs et al.
`Hamilton et al. . . . . . . . . . . . 707 /203
`Howard et al. ................ 707/9
`Prabandham et al. . . . . . . . . . 707 /10
`
`............... 380/286
`.............. 709/223
`
`................ 707/502
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`
`0 569 195 A2
`0 625 750 A
`0 635 792 A
`0 651 328 A
`0 660 231 A
`0 697 655 A2
`0 718 761 A
`0 767 432 A2
`0 778 520 A2
`0 794 493 A2
`0 803 810 A2
`0 803 811 A2
`0 805 393 A2
`0 810 524 A
`
`11/1993
`11/1994
`1/1995
`5/1995
`6/1995
`2/1996
`6/1996
`4/1997
`6/1997
`9/1997
`10/1997
`10/1997
`11/1997
`12/1997
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`GB
`GB
`JP
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`0 817 020 A
`0 817 022 A2
`0 817 025 A2
`0 836 140 A2
`0 351 536 A3
`2 253 079 A
`2 262 825 A
`2 305 087 A
`11-45187
`W092/07335
`W092/09948
`W093/25962 Al
`W094/03855
`W096/03692 A
`W096/10787
`W096/18947
`W096/24099
`W098/02814
`W098/04971
`
`1/1998
`1/1998
`1/1998
`4/1998
`1/1999
`8/1992
`6/1993
`3/1997
`2/1999
`4/1992
`6/1992
`12/1993
`2/1994
`2/1996
`4/1996
`6/1996
`8/1996
`1/1998
`2/1998
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Morgan, Jiini to the rescue, Spectrum IEEE, vol. 37, Issue 4,
`Apr. 2000, pp. 44-49.*
`Shin et al., Grapes: topology-based hierarchical virtual
`network for peer-to-peer lookup services, Parallel Process(cid:173)
`ing Workshops, 2002, Proceedings, International Confer(cid:173)
`ence on, Aug. 18-21, 2002, pp. 159-164.*
`Jacob, "The use of distributed objects and dynamic inter(cid:173)
`faces in a wide-are transaction environment", SIGCOMM
`'95 Workshop on Middleware: Cambridge Massachusetts,
`Aug. 1995.*
`Alexander, et al., "Active Bridging", Proceedings of the
`ACM/SIGCOMM'97 Conference, Cannes, France, 9/97.
`Anonymous: "Change-Notification Service for Shared
`Files", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 36, No. 8,
`pp. 77-82, Aug. 1993, XP002108713, New York, US.
`Anonymous: "Resource Preemption for Priority Schedul(cid:173)
`ing." Nov. 1973. IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 16,
`No. 6, p. 1931 XP002109435 New York, US.
`Beech et al., "Object Databases as Generalizations of Rela(cid:173)
`tional Databases," Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol.
`13, Nos. 1/3, pp. 221-230, (Jan. 1991) Amsterdam, NL.
`Bertino et al., "Object-Oriented Database Management Sys(cid:173)
`tems: Concepts and Issues," Computer, vol. 24, No. 4, pp.
`33-47, (Apr. 1991), Los Alamitos, CA
`Betz, Mark; "Interoperable objects: laying the foundation
`for distributed object computing"; Dr. Dobb's. Journal, vol.
`19, No. 11, p. 18(13); (Oct. 1994).
`Bevan, D.I., "An Efficient Reference Counting Solution To
`The Distributed Garbage Collection Problem", Parall Com(cid:173)
`puting, NL, Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, vol. 9, No. 2,
`pp. 179-192, Jan. 1989.
`Birrell et al., "Implementing Remote Procedure Calls",
`ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 2, No. 1, Feb.
`1984, pp. 39-59.
`Deux 0 et al: "The 02 System" Communications of the
`Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 34, No. 10, Oct.
`1, 1991, pp. 34-48.
`Drexler, K. Eric, et al., "Incentive Engineering for Compu(cid:173)
`tational Resource Management," The Ecology of Computa(cid:173)
`tion, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1988, pp. 231-266.
`Drams, R., "RFC 1541 Dynamic Host Configuration Pro(cid:173)
`tocol", HTTP://WWW.CIS.OHIO-STATE.EDU/HTBIN/
`RFC/RFC1541.HTML, Oct. 1993, pp. 1-33.
`
`APPL-1017 / Page 3 of 26
`
`
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Page 4
`
`Emms J: "A Definition of an Access Control Systems
`Language" Computer Standards and Interfaces, vol. 6, No.
`4, Jan. 1, 1987, pp. 443-454.
`Gosling et al., "The Java (TM) Language Specification",
`Addison-Wesley, 1996.
`Gottlob et al., "Extending Object-Oriented Systems with
`Roles," ACM Transactions on information systems, vol. 14,
`No. 3, pp. 268-296 (Jul. 1996).
`Guth, Rob: "JavaOne: Sun to Expand Java Distributed
`Computing Effort", "HTTP://WWW.SUNWORLD.COM/
`SWOL-02-1998/SWOL-02-SUNSPOTS.HTML,"
`XP-002109935, P.1, Feb. 20, 1998.
`Hamilton et al., "Subcontract: a flexible base for distributed
`programming"; Proceedings of 14th Symposium of Operat(cid:173)
`ing System Principles; (Dec. 1993).
`Hartman, J., Manber, U., et al., Liquid Software: A new
`paradigm for networked systems, Technical Report 96-11,
`Department of Comp. Sci., Univ. of Arizona, 6/96.
`Hunt, N., "IDF: A Graphical Data Flow Programming Lan(cid:173)
`guage for Image Processing and Computer Vision", Pro(cid:173)
`ceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man,
`and Cybernetics, Los Angeles, Nov. 4-7, pp. 351-360,
`(1990).
`IBM (TM) Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Object Location
`Algorithm," vol. 36, No. 09B, pp. 257-258, Sep. 1993.
`IBM (TM) Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Retrieval of
`Qualified Variables Using Extendible Hashing," vol. 36, No.
`12, pp. 301-303, Dec. 1993.
`IBM: "Chapter 6-Distributed SOM (DSOM)" Somobjects
`Developer Toolkit Users Guide, Version 2.1, Oct. 1994
`(1994--10), pp. 6-1-6-90.
`Jones, Richard, et al., "Garbage Collection: Algorithms for
`Automatic Dynamic Memory Management," pp. 165-175,
`John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
`Kay, Michael H. et al., "An Overview of the Raleigh
`Object-Oriented Database System", ICL Technical Journal,
`vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 780-798, (Nov. 1991), Oxford, GB.
`Kougiouris et al.; "Support for Space Efficient Object Invo(cid:173)
`cation in Spring"; (Sep. 1994).
`Lindholm et al., "The Java (TM) Virtual Machine Specifi(cid:173)
`cation", Addison Wesley, 1996.
`Mitchell et al.; "An Overview of the Spring System"; (Feb.
`1994).
`Orfali R. et al., "The Essential Distributed Objects Survival
`Guide," Chapter 11: Corba Commercial ORBs, pp.
`203-215, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (1996).
`Riggs Roger et al., "Pickling State in the Java (TM) Sys(cid:173)
`tem," USENIX Association Conference on Object-Oriented
`Technologies and Systems, XP-002112719, Jun. 17-21,
`1996, pp. 241-250.
`Rosenberry et al., "Understanding DCE"; Chapters 1-3, 6;
`(1992).
`Waldo J et al: "Events in an RPC based distributed system"
`Proceedings of the 1995 Usenix Technical Conference,
`Proceedings Usenix Winter 1995 Technical Conference,
`New Orleans, LA USA, Jan. 16-20, 1995, pp. 131-142.
`Wilson, P.R., et al., "Design of the Opportunistic Garbage
`Collector," Proceedings of the Object Oriented Program(cid:173)
`ming Systems Languages And Applications Conference,
`New Orleans, vol. 24, No. 10, Oct. 1989.
`Wu, Xuequn, "A Type system for an Object-Oriented Data(cid:173)
`base System," Proceedings of the International Computer
`Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), pp.
`333-338, Sep. 11-13, 1991, Tokyo, Japan.
`
`Yemini, Y. and S. da silva, "Towards Programmable Net(cid:173)
`works", IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed
`Systems: Operations and Management, L' Aquila, Italy,
`10/96.
`Aldrich et al., "Providing Easier Access to Remote Objects
`in Client-Server Systems," System Sciences, 1998, Pro(cid:173)
`ceedings of the 31st Hawaii Internat'l. Conference, Jan. 6-9,
`1998, pp. 366-375.
`Aldrich et al., "Providing Easier Access to Remote Objects
`in Distributed Systems," Calif. Institute of Technology,
`www.cs.caltech.edu/%7Ejedi/paper/jedipaper.html,
`Nov.
`21, 1997.
`Burns et al., "An Analytical Study of Opportunistic Lease
`Renewal," Distributed Computing Systems, 21st Interna(cid:173)
`tional Conference, pp. 146-153, Apr. 2000.
`Dollimore et al., "The Design of a System for Distributing
`Shared Objects," The Computer Journal, No. 6, Cambridge,
`GB, Dec. 1991.
`Fleisch et al., "High Performance Distributed Objects Using
`Distributed Shared Memory & Remote Method Invocation,"
`System Sciences, 1998, Proceedings of the 31st Hawaii
`Internat'l. Conference, Jan. 6-9, 1998, pp. 574-578.
`Gray et al., "Leases: An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Mechanism
`for Distributed File Cache Consistency," Proceedings of the
`12th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles,
`pp. 202-210, 1989.
`Guyennet et al., "A New Consistency Protocol Implemented
`in the CAliF System," IEEE, 1094-7256/97, pp. 82-87,
`1997.
`Guyennet et al., "Distributetd Shared Memory Layer for
`Cooperative Work Applications," IEEE, 0742-1303/97, pp.
`72-78, 1997.
`Hoshi et al., "Allocation of the Cross-Connect Function in
`Leased Circuit Networks," 1992, ICC'92, conference
`record, SUPERCOMM/ICC '02, D a New World of Com(cid:173)
`munications,
`IEEE
`International Conference,
`pp.
`1408-1412.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Local Network Moni(cid:173)
`toring to Populate Access Agent Directory," vol. 36, No.
`09A, pp. 403-405, Sep. 1993.
`McGrath, "Discovery and Its Discontents: Discovery Pro(cid:173)
`tocols for Ubiquitous Computing," Presented at Center for
`Excellence in Space Data and Information Science, NASA
`Goddard Space Flight Center, Apr. 5, 2000.
`MUX-Elektronik, Java 1.1 Interactive Course, www.lls.se/
`-mux/javaic.html, 1995.
`Stevenson, "Token-Based Consistency of Replicated Serv(cid:173)
`ers," IEEE, CH2686-4/89/0000/0179, pp. 179-183, 1989.
`Venners, "Jini Technology, Out of the Box," JAVAWORLD,
`'Online!, pp. 1-4, Dec. 1998.
`Yin et al., "Using Leases to Support Server Driven Consis(cid:173)
`tency in Large-Scale Systems," Computer Services Depart(cid:173)
`ment, University of Texas at Austin, p. 285-294, May
`26-28, 1998.
`Yin et al., "Volume Leases for Consistency in Large-Scale
`Systems," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engi(cid:173)
`neering, vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 563-576, Jul./Aug. 1999.
`Amitabh Dave et al., "Proxies, Application Interfaces, and
`Distributed Systems," Proceedings International Workshop
`on Object Orientation in Operating Systems, pp. 212-220
`(Sep. 24, 1992) XP002009478.
`Howard et al., Scale and Performance in a Distributed File
`System, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 6,
`No. 1, Feb. 1988, pp. 51-81.
`
`APPL-1017 / Page 4 of 26
`
`
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Page 5
`
`Cardelli, Obliq, A lightweight language for network objects,
`Nov. 5, 1993,pp. 1-37.
`Dijkstra, Seif-stabilizing Systems in Spite of Distributed
`Control, Communications of the ACM, vol. 17, No. 11, Nov.
`1974, pp. 643-644.
`Ousterhout et al., The Sprite Network Operating System,
`Computer, IEEE, Feb. 1988, pp. 23-36.
`Dourish, A Divergence-Based Model of Synchrony and
`Distribution in Collaborative Systems, Xerox Technical
`Report EPC-1194-102, 1994, pp. 1-10.
`Sharratt et al., ObjectMap: Integrating High Performance
`Resources into a Distributed Object-oriented Environment,
`ICODP, 1995.
`Birrell et al., Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Com(cid:173)
`puting, Communication of the ACM, vol. 25, No. 4, Apr.
`1982, pp. 260-274.
`Transparent Network Computing, Locus Computing Corpo(cid:173)
`ration, Jan. 5, 1995.
`Gray et al., Leases: An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Mechanism
`for Distributed File Cache Consistency, ACM, 1989, pp.
`202-210.
`Lamport et al., The Byzantine Generals Problem, ACM
`Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, vol.
`4, No. 3, Jul. 1982, pp. 382-401.
`Dolev et al., On the Minimal Synchronism Needed for
`Distributed Consensus, Journal of the ACM, vol. 34, No. 1,
`Jan. 1987,pp. 77-97.
`Mummert et al., Long Term Distributed File Reference
`Tracing: Implementation and Experience, Carnegie Mellon
`University School of Computer Science, Nov. 1994, pp.
`1-28.
`Gelernter et al., Parallel Programming in Linda, Yale Uni(cid:173)
`versity, Jan. 1985, pp. 1-21.
`Cannon et al., Adding Fault-Tolerant Transaction Process(cid:173)
`ing to LINDA, Software-Practice and Experience, vol.
`24(5), May 1994, pp. 449-466.
`Kambhatla et al., Recovery with Limited Replay: Fault-Tol(cid:173)
`erant Processes in Linda, Oregon Graduate Institute, Tech(cid:173)
`nical Report CSIE 90-019, Sep. 1990, pp. 1-16.
`Anderson et al., Persistent Linda: Linda + Transactions +
`Query Processing, Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on
`Fault Tolerant Systems, 1994, pp. 93-109.
`Gelernter, Generative Communication in Linda, ACM
`Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, vol.
`7, No. 1, Jan. 1985, pp. 80-112.
`Carriero et al., Distributed Data Structures in Linda, Prin(cid:173)
`cipals of Programming Language, 1986, pp. 1-16.
`Pinakis, Using Linda as the Basis of an Operating System
`Microkernel, University of Western Australia, Department
`of Computer Science, Aug. 1993, pp. 1-165.
`LINDA Database Search, Jul. 20, 1995, pp. 1-68.
`Carriero et al., Distributed Data Structures in Linda, Yale
`Research Report YALEU/DCS/RR-438, Nov. 1985.
`Agha et al., Actorspaces: An Open Distributed Program(cid:173)
`ming Paradigm, University of Illinois, Report No.
`UIUCDCS-R-92-1766, Open Systems Laboratory TR No.
`8, Nov. 1992, pp.1-12.
`Ahmed et al., A Program Building Tool for Parallel Appli(cid:173)
`cations, Yale University, Dec. 1, 1993, pp. 1-23.
`Liskov et al., Distributed Object Management in Thor,
`International Workshop on Distributed Object Management,
`1992, pp. 12.
`Birrell et al., Network Objects, DEC SRC Research Report
`115, Feb. 28, 1994.
`
`Birrell et al., Distributed Gargage Collection for Network
`Objects, DEC SRC Research Report 116, Dec. 15, 1993.
`Wollrath et al., A Distributed Object Model for the Java™
`System, USENIX Association, Conference on Object-Ori(cid:173)
`ented Technologies and Systems, Jun. 17-21, 1996.
`Harris et al., Proposal for a General Java Proxy Class for
`Distributed Systems and Other Uses, Netscape Communi(cid:173)
`cations Corp., Jun. 25, 1997.
`Hamilton, Java and the Shift to Net-Centric Computing
`Computer, Aug. 1996, pp. 31-39.
`Chung et al., A 'Tiny' Pascal Compiler: Part 1: The P-Code
`Interpreter, BYTE Publications, Inc., Sep. 1978.
`Chung et al., A 'Tiny' Pascal Compiler: Part 2: The P-Com(cid:173)
`piler, BYTE Publications, Inc., Oct. 1978.
`Thompson, Regular Expression Search Algorithm, Commu(cid:173)
`nications of the ACM, vol. II, No. 6, p. 149 et seq., Jun.
`1968.
`Mitchell et al., Mesa Language Manual, Xerox Corporation.
`McDaniel, An Analysis of a Mesa Instruction Set, Xerox
`Corporation, May 1982.
`Pier, A Retrospective on the Dorado, A High-Performance
`Personal Computer, Xerox Corporation, Aug. 1983.
`Pier, A Retrospective on the Dorado, A High-Performance
`Personal Computer, IEEE Conference Proceedings, The
`10th Annual international Symposium on Computer Archi(cid:173)
`tecture, 1983.
`Krasner, The Smalltalk-SO Virtual Machine, BYTE Publi(cid:173)
`cations Inc., Aug. 1991, pp. 300-320.
`Operating Systems Review, ACM Press, vol. 27, No. 5, Dec.
`1993, pp. 217-230.
`Remote Method Invocation Specification, Sun Microsys(cid:173)
`tems, Inc., (1997), http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/
`docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.doc.html.
`Kolodner et al., "Atomic Garbage Collection: Managing a
`Stable Heap," ACM, 1989, pp. 15-25.
`Osborn, "The Role of Polymorphism in Schema Evolution
`in an Object-Oriented Database," IEEE Transactions on
`Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 1, No. 3, Sep. 1989,
`pp. 310-317.
`"Consumers Can View, Share Picture On-Line as Kodak
`Picture Network Goes 'Live'," Business Wire, Aug. 25,
`1997, pp. 18-19.
`"Eden Project Proposal," Department of Computer Science,
`University of Washington, Oct. 1980, Technical Report
`#80-10-01, cover and Foreword.
`"ISN Data web Sells Software, Hardware," Datamation, Apr.
`1, 1996, p. 40.
`"Kodak DC220 And DC260 Digital Cameras Are Shipping
`To Retailers Across The Country Cameras Are Optimized
`for USE Interface Supported in Windows 98," Business
`Wire, Jun. 24, 1998, pp. 42-44.
`"Kodak demonsrates leadership across entire photographic
`category," M2 Presswire, Feb. 13, 1998, pp. 31-35.
`"Kodak PhotoNet Online Makes It a Snap to Share Summer
`Photos," PR Newswire, Jul. 2, 1998, pp. 63-64.
`"Kodak Picture Network Sends Prints Home From the
`Holidays," Business Wire, Dec. 29, 1997, pp. 58-60.
`"Photo processing made easy on the Internet; Storm Soft(cid:173)
`ware and Picture Vision Team up with Konica Corp.," Busi(cid:173)
`ness Wire, Feb. 22, 1996, pp. 3-4.
`"Seeing your photos a whole new way," Business Wire, Dec.
`12, 1996, pp. 9-10.
`"Webwatch: MCI Announces Internet Access,", Boardwatch
`Magazine, Jan. 1995.
`
`APPL-1017 / Page 5 of 26
`
`
`
`US 6,832,223 Bl
`Page 6
`
`Administrator's Guide, Netscape Enterprise Server, Version
`3.0, Netscape Communications Corp., 1998.
`Almes et al., "Edmas: A Locally Distributed Mail System,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, Technical Report 83-07-01, Jul. 7, 1983,Abstract & pp.
`1-17.
`Almes et al., "Research in Integrated Distributed Comput(cid:173)
`ing," Department of Computer Science, University of Wash(cid:173)
`ington, Oct. 1979, pp. 1-42.
`Almes et al., "The Eden System: A Technical Review,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, Technical Report 83-10--05, Oct. 1983, pp. 1-25.
`Almes, "Integration and Distribution in the Eden System,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, Technical Report 83-01--02, Jan. 19, 1983, pp. 1-18 &
`Abstract.
`Almes, "The Evolution of the Eden Invocation Mechanism,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, Technical Report 83-01--03, Jan. 19, 1983, pp. 1-14 &
`Abstract.
`Arnold, Ken, "The Jini Architecture: Dynamic Services in a
`Flexible Network," Sun Microsystems, Inc., Proceedings of
`the 36th ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference, Jun.
`1999, pp. 157-162.
`Bandrowski, "Stores Without Doors: Kiosks Generate New
`Profits," Corporate Computing, Oct. 1992, pp. 193-195.
`Begole et al., "Transparent Sharing of Java Applets: A
`Replicated Approach," Oct. 1997, pp. 55-65.
`Black et al., "A Language for Distributed Programming,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, Technical Report 86-02-03, Feb. 1986, p. 10.
`Black et al., "Distribution and Abstract Types in Emerald,"
`University of Washington, Technical Report No. 85--08--05,
`Aug. 1985, pp. 1-10.
`Black et al., "Object Structure in the Emerald System,"
`University of Washington, Technical Report 86-04--03, Apr.
`1986, pp. 1-14.
`Black et al., "The Eden Project: A Final Report," Depart(cid:173)
`ment of Computer Science, University of Washington, Tech(cid:173)
`nical Report 86-11--01, Nov. 1986, pp. 1-28.
`Black, "Supporting Distributed Applications: Experience
`with Eden," Department of Computer Science, University of
`Washington, Technical Report 85-03--02, Mar. 1985, pp.
`1-21.
`Black, "The Eden Programming Language," Department of
`Computer Science, FR-35, University of Washington, Tech(cid:173)
`nical Report 85--09--01, Sep. 1985 (Revised Dec. 1985), pp.
`1-19.
`Black, "The Eden Project: Overview and Experiences,"
`Department of Computer Science, University of Washing(cid:173)
`ton, EUUG,Autumn '86 Conference Proceedings, Manches(cid:173)
`ter, UK, Sep. 22-25, 1986, pp. 177-189.
`Braine et al., "Object-Flow," 1997, pp. 418-419.
`Bruno, "Working the Web," Data Communications, Apr.
`1997, pp. 50--60.
`Ciancarini et al., "Coordinating Distributed Applets with
`Shade/Java," Feb. 1998, pp. 130-138.
`Cohen, "Electronic Commerce," USC/Information Sciences
`Institute, Oct. 1989.
`Conhaim, "Online shopping: a beginner's guide; includes
`related listing ofvideotex services," Link-Up, vol. 5, No. 6,
`p. 32, Nov. 1988.
`
`Delcambre et al., "Simulation of the Object Flow Model: A
`Conceptual Modeling Language for Object-Driven Appli(cid:173)
`cations," 1993, pp. 216-225.
`Design Project #2, Electronic Shopping at MIT, MIT Class
`6.033 Handout 23, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
`http://web.mit.edu/6.033/1995/handouts/html/h23.html,
`Spring 1995, pp. 1-6.
`Ellsworth, "Boom Town," Internet World, Jun. 1995, pp.
`33-35.
`Estrin, "Inter-Organization Networks:
`Implications of
`Access Control Requirements for Interconnection Proto(cid:173)
`cols," ACM, 1986, pp. 254-263.
`Fleischer, "SkyMall's 'Supplier Network' Takes Flight",
`Retailtech, The Technology Magazine for Retail Executives,
`Apr. 1997.
`Foley, "M