(12) United States Patent
`Quigley et al.
`
`USOO6650624B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,650,624 B1
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Nov. 18, 2003
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`
`(63)
`(60)
`
`(51)
`(52)
`(58)
`
`CABLE MODEMAPPARATUS AND
`METHOD
`
`Inventors: Thomas J. Quigley, Lawrenceville, GA
`(US); Jonathan S. Min, Buena Park,
`CA (US); Lisa V. Denney, Suwanee,
`GA (US); Henry Samueli, Corona Del
`Mar, CA (US); Sean F. Nazareth,
`Anaheim Hills, CA (US); Feng Chen;
`Fang Lu, both of Irvine, CA (US);
`Christopher R. Jones, Newport Beach,
`CA (US)
`
`Notice:
`
`Assignee: Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA
`(US)
`This patent issued on a continued pros-
`ecution application filed under 37 CFR
`1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year
`patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C.
`154(a)(2).
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`Appl. No.: 09/574,558
`Filed:
`May 19, 2000
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of application No. 09/430,821, filed on Oct.
`29, 1999.
`Provisional application No. 60/106,264, filed on Oct. 30,
`1998, provisional application No. 60/106,427, filed on Oct.
`30, 1998, provisional application No. 60/106,438, filed on
`Oct. 30, 1998, provisional application No. 60/106,439, filed
`on Oct. 30, 1998, provisional application No. 60/106,440,
`filed on Oct. 30, 1998, and provisional application No.
`60/106,441, filed on Oct. 30, 1998.
`Int. Cl................................................. H04L 12/28
`U.S. Cl. ........................................ 370/252; 375/222
`Field of Search ................................. 370/352,252,
`370/420, 421, 486, 487, 489, 490, 493,
`498; 375/222; 725/111, 112, 113, 109, 110
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`... A
`'s
`Navalie also is:
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`4,928,272 A
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`
`Primary Examiner-Chau Nguyen
`Assistant Examiner Alexander O. Boakye
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sterne Kessler Goldstein &
`FOX PL.L.C.
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A number of features for enhancing the performance of a
`cable transmission System in which data is transmitted
`between a cable modem termination System at a headend
`and a plurality of cable modems located different distances
`from the headend. The power transmission level, Slot timing,
`and equalization of the cable modems are set by a ranging
`process. Data is transmitted by the modems in fragmented
`form. Various measures are taken to make transmission from
`the cable modems robust. The upstream data transmission is
`controlled to permit multiple access from the cable modems.
`
`17 Claims, 82 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`12
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UPSTREAM
`
`1O
`ERROR/STATUS
`INFORMATION
`
`PHYSICAL LAYER
`(PHY)
`BURST RECEIVER
`
`MAC
`
`TO
`SERVER
`
`SLOT TIMING AND
`DATA TYPE
`
`CABLE MODEM
`TERMINATION SYSTEM
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 1
`
`

`

`US 6,650,624 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,115,453 A 5/1992 Calderbank et al. .......... 375/39
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`- - - -
`f2.
`5,341,457 A 8/1994 Hall, II et al. .
`... 395/2.35
`5,488,633. A
`1/1996 Laroia ..........
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`5,579,513 A 11/1996 Strohmer .................... 395/559
`5,627,938 A 5/1997 Johnston .................... 395/2.39
`5,631,846 A 5/1997 Szurkowski ......
`... 364/514
`5,640,424 A 6/1997 Banavong et al.
`... 375/316
`5,696,765 A 12/1997 Safadi ..............
`... 370/436
`5,710,765 A
`1/1998 Lee et al. ................... 370/436
`5,881,363 A
`3/1999 Ghosh et al. ................ SSSI
`5,943,604 A * 8/1999 Chen et al. ..........
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`6,108,713 A * 8/2000 Sambamurthy et al. ..... 709/250
`6,137.793 A * 10/2000 Gorman et al. ............. 370/395
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`EP
`EP
`GB
`JP
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`O 748 120 A1
`O 768 769 A2
`2312362 A
`10-243371
`WO 97/10553
`WO 97/15129
`WO 97/16046
`WO 97/41691
`
`12/1996
`4/1997
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`9/1998
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`11/1997
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`James E. Dail, et al., “Adaptive Digital Access Protocol: A
`MAC Protocol for Multiservice Broadband Access Net
`works', AT&T Bell Laboratories, 2460 IEEE Communica
`ions Magazine 34, Mar. 1996
`104-112
`tons Magazine 34, Mar.
`, pp. 1
`Robert Wolters, et al. “An Initialisation for a Burst-mode
`Transport HFC System with Delay Determination by Power
`Distribution Measurement', Alcatel Telecom Research Divi
`sion, SPIE vol. 3233, Nov. 1997, pp. 353–360.
`Bharat T. Doshi, et al. “A Broadband Multiple Access
`Protocol for STM, ATM, and Variable Length Data Services
`on Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks”, Bell Labs Technical
`Journal, Jun. 1996, pp. 36-65.
`John O. Limb, “A Protocol for Efficient Transfer of Data
`Over Hybrid Fiber/Coax Systems", IEEE/ACM Transations
`on Networking, vol. 5, No. 6, Dec. 1997, pp. 872-881.
`Copy of International Search Report dated Jul. 28, 2000
`relating to corresponding International Application No.
`PCT/US99/25675, 6 pages.
`Declaration of Lisa V. Denney, executed Aug. 14, 2002,
`including attached Exhibits 1,2 and 3.
`* cited by examiner
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 10
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 10 of 82
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 12
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 11 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 6E
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 13
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 12 of 82
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 16
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 15 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 17
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 16 0f 82
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 18 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 20
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 20 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`NUMBER OF TRIES
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 22
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 21 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`FIG. 15 - 1103
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 22 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIC. 18
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 24
`
`

`

`US 6,650,624 B1
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 25
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 25
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`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 26
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 26
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 25 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 26 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIC. 25A
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 27 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 26
`
`7OOO
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`CHANNEL 1
`DEMODULATOR
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 28 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`CABLE MODEM
`TERMINATION SYSTEM
`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 30
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 29 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG.28
`
`DIGITAL
`DATA OUTPUT
`
`213
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`MODULATED
`DATA INPUT FROM
`TRANSMISSION MEDUM
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 30 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 32
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 31 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 33
`
`

`

`US. Patent
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 34
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 34
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 33 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 35
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 35
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 34 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 36
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 35 0f 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 37
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 36 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 37 0f 82
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 38 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 40
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 39 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 40 of 82
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 42
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 41 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 43
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 42 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 41
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 44
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`

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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 45
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 45
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 46
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 47
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 47
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 46 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 48
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 47 0f 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 48 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 51
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 51
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`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 50 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 52
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 52
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 51 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 53
`
`

`

`US. Patent
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 54
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 54
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 53 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 52
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`1 BYTE 2 BYTES 2 BYTES 2 BYTES3 BYTES
`
`EQUALIZER COEFFS,
`32 BYTES
`
`FIG. 54
`
`BASED ON THE STATUS BYTES(7:5) BITS, THE FOLLOWING STATISTICS ARE KEPT USING COUNTERS.
`SLOT DEFINITION
`STATISTICS
`CAL CULATION
`
`DATA
`
`RANGING
`
`
`
`1.NUMBER OF SLOTS
`2.NUMBER OF SLOTS WITH POWER BUT NO DATA
`3.NUMBER OF SLOTS WITH BAD DATA
`4. NUMBER OF GOOD DATA-SLOTS
`5.TOTAL NUMBER OF FEC BLOCKS
`6.NUMBER OF FEC BLOCKS WITH CORRECTABLE ERRORS.
`7.NUMBER OF UNCORRECTABLE FEC BLOCKS
`REQUEST(CONTENTION).NUMBER OF REQUESTS RECEIVED
`NO UW
`2.NUMBER OF COLLIDED REOUESTS
`3.NUMBER OF CORRUPTED RECUESTS N0 UW OR BAD FEC OR BAD HEC
`REQUEST/DATA 1.NUMBER OF PACKETS RECEIVED
`(CONTENTION) 2.NUMBER OF COLLIDED PACKETS
`3. NUMBER OF CORRUPTED PACKETS
`1.NUMBER OF RANGING MESSAGES RECEMED
`2NWBER OF COLLIDED RANGING MESSAGES RECEMED
`3.NUMBER OF CORRUPTED RANGING MESSAGES
`
`NO UW
`UW AND (BAD FEC OR BAD HEC)
`UW AND GOOD HEC
`
`
`
`
`
`NO UW
`NO UW OR BAD FEC OR BAD HEC
`
`NO UW
`NO UW OR BAD FEC OR BAD HEC
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 55
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 54 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`FIG.55
`
`SERIAL DATA
`
`BIT CLK
`BLK DV
`
`CLK
`DAT(S<-M)
`DAT(S->M)
`SLAVE SELECT
`
`N
`
`MAP DATA
`MAP CLK
`NTROL
`MAP DAT VALID e
`
`M/S CLK
`(RX_NOW)
`
`FIG. 56
`
`etc., UUU" UUUU
`
`316
`BLKDV
`
`1
`
`4
`
`DATA
`JO2
`
`PREPENDED INFO.
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 56
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`00
`
`m
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`m3%a,wasNEtcfigN:5_2,MESE2580252;ama..5@2532:$25
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 57
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 57
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 56 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`zo:<N_zomIoz>m
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 58
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 58
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`001v.0N
`
`3
`
`f
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 59
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`0|
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 59
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 58 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 62
`
`MSB-BYTE FIRST
`LSB-BIT FIRST
`736
`737
`738
`
`735
`
`739
`
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`
`STATUS MS CTR
`2 BYTES 4 BYTES
`
`SID
`CH. ID
`1 BYTE 2 BYTES
`
`RANG INFO. EQUALIZER COEFFS.
`7 BYTES
`32 BYTES
`
`
`
`8,9,..., 15;0, 1,...,7
`
`PWR: 2 BYTES
`FREQ: 2 BYTES
`TIME: 3 BYTES
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 60
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 59 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`
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`Ego/E9.53.5050—
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 61
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 61
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 60 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 64
`
`741
`
`FECSTATS
`(NOFEC ERR, CORR FEC ERR,
`UNCORR FEC ERR)
`
`PREPENDED
`INFORMATION
`
`SERVICE
`SLOT TYPE
`
`742
`
`UW DET
`745 RANGING INFO
`EOUALIZER COFFS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVER
`TDMA
`CONTROL
`
`
`
`
`
`744
`
`INTERFACE
`
`743
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 62
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sheet 61 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`(BOWERHINI dWN WOH3)
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`999
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 63
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 62 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`Z975).I.H.
`
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 64
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 63 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 65
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 65
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 64 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 69
`
`118O
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`FIG. 70
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 66
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 65 0f 82
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 67
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 67
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 66 0f 82
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 68
`
`
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`
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`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 67 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 69
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 69
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 68 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 70
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 69 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 71
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
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`Sheet 70 0f 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 72
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`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 71 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 73
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 72 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 74
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 73 0f 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`US. Patent
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`m
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 76
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 75 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 76 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 84
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 78
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 77 of 82
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`US 6,650,624 B1
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 79
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 78 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
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`
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 80
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 79 0f 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIC. 87
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`COMPENSATE
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`377
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`379
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`584
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`TO CABLE MODEM
`
`385
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 81
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 80 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 88A
`
`-580
`
`O
`
`f
`
`FIG. BBB
`382
`
`381
`
`38O
`
`FIG. BBC
`
`381
`
`\ 383
`
`/ AC
`
`O
`
`f
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 82
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 18, 2003
`
`Sheet 81 of 82
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`FIG. 89A
`16-QAM CONSTELLATION
`BEFORE NOISE REUECTION
`
`
`
`
`
`-1 -08-06-04-02 O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
`
`FIG. 89B
`16-QAM CONSTELLATION
`AFTER NOSE REJECTION
`
`- 1 -08-06-04-02 O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 83
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`(db
`
`
`
`3
`
`3.5
`
`----------
`
`O.2 O.3 O.4 O.5
`2.56MHz)
`NORMALIZED FREQ. (Fb.
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1014, page 84
`
`

`

`US 6,650,624 B1
`
`1
`CABLE MODEM APPARATUS AND
`METHOD
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`This application claims the benefit of the filing date and
`is a continuation of U.S. regular application Ser. No. 09/430,
`821, filed on Oct. 29, 1999, which claimed the benefit of the
`filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
`60/106,264, filed Oct. 30, 1998 and entitled HEADEND
`UPSTREAM MAC/PHY INTERFACE; U.S. Provisional
`Patent Application No. 60/106,427, filed Oct. 30, 1998 and
`entitled ROBUST TECHNIOUE FOR OPTIMAL
`UPSTREAM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CABLE
`15
`MODEM SUBSCRIBER AND A HEADEND; U.S. Provi
`sional Patent Application No. 60/106,438, filed Oct. 30,
`1998 and entitled SYSTEM FOR, AND METHOD OF,
`FRAGMENTING DATA PACKETS IN A CABLE
`MODEM SYSTEM; U.S. Provisional Patent Application
`No. 60/106,439, filed Oct. 30, 1998 and entitled CABLE
`MODEM SYSTEM; U.S. Provisional Patent Application
`