111111 J111101011111111110111111
`11111111111111111111111111,111
`R11
`o
`USOO6490727B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`(to) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Dec. 3, 2002
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`91
`
`(12) United States Patent
`(12) United States Patent
`Nazarathy et al.
`Nazarathy et al.
`
`(54) DISTRIBUTED TERMINATION SYSTEM
`DISTRIBUTED TERMINATION SYSTEM
`(54)
`FOR TWO-WAY HYBRD NETWORKS
`FOR TWO-WAY HYBRID NETWORKS
`
`Inventors: Moshe Nazarathy, Haifa (IL); Adi
`(75)
`(75) Inventors: Moshe Nazarathy, Haifa (IL); Adi
`Bonen, Vered (IL); Ilan Kepten,
`yet Dis Spe, lf
`Tel-Aviv (IL); David Piehler, Half
`SS . is Ienier, Ha
`Moon Bay, CA (US)
`s
`(73) Assignee: Harmonic, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`Assignee: Harmonic, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`(73)
`(*) Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`* )
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/414,979
`Appl. No.: 09/414,979
`(21)
`(22)
`Filed:
`Oct. 7, 1999
`(22) Filed:
`Oct. 7, 1999
`(51) Int. Cl." ........................... H04N 7/173. H04N 7/16
`7
`(51)
`Int. C1.7
` HO4N 7/173; HO4N 7/16
`(52) U.S. Cl
`725/129; 725/127; 725/148;
`(52)
`U.S. Cl.
` 725/129; 725/127; 725/148;
`O X
`O
`-- O
`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`s
`725/1 49
`725/149
`(58)
` 725/121, 122,
`Field of Search
`(58) Field of Siah 6,129.9s 11s. 119. f
`1. 6.
`725/126, 129, 98, 118, 119, 148, 111, 105;
`s
`s - Y-s
`s H04N 7/173 716
`HO4N 7/173, 7/16
`s
`
`(56)
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`:
` 370/276
`5,528,582 A * 6/1996 Boodep et al.
`5,528,582 A 6/1996 Boodep et al. ............. 370/276
`5,659,351 A * 8/1997 Huber
` 725/101
`5,659,351 A * 8/1997 Huber ................. ... 725/101
`5,719,872 A * 2/1998 Dubberly et al.
` 114/362
`5,719,872 A * 2/1998 Dubberly et al. .
`... 114/362
`5,765,097 A * 6/1998 Dail
` 725/125
`5,765,097 A * 6/1998 Dail .................
`... 725/125
`5,818,825 A * 10/1998 Corrican et al.
` 370/329
`5,818.825 A * 10/1998 Corrican et al. ..
`... 370/329
`5,861,966 A * 1/1999 Ortel
` 359/125
`5,861,966 A
`1/1999 Ortel .......................... 359/125
`
`3/1999 Dail
`5,878,325 A
`5,878,325 A 3/1999 Dail
`370/432
`
`5,963,557 A * 10/1999 Eng
`5,963,557 A * 10/1999 Eng ........................... 370/432
`6,028,860 A * 2/2000 Laubach et al.
` 370/395.64
`6,028,860 A * 2/2000 Laubach et al.
`... 370/395.64
`6,147,786 A * 11/2000 Pan
`
`359/124
`2. f : 28 t
`- - - - - tal... 3:
`6,271,946 B1 * 8/2001 Chang et al.
`
`359/124
`24- as
`an el al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6,327,709 B1 * 12/2001 Ovadia et al. .............. 725/124
`6,327,709 B1 * 12/2001 Ovadia et al.
`
`725/124
`2001/0055319 A1 * 12/2001 Quigley et al. ............. 370/480
`2001/0055319 Al * 12/2001 Quigley et al.
`
`370/480
`* cited by examiner
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Andrew Faile
`Primary Examiner Andrew Faile
`ASSistant Examiner Vivek Srivastava
`Assistant Examiner—Vivek Srivastava
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Skjerven Morrill LLP,
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Skjerven Morrill LLP;
`Norman R. Klivans
`Norman R. Klivans
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`In hybrid fiber coaxial cable networks such as used in cable
`In hybrid fiber coaxial cable networks such as used in cable
`television where two-way digital communications are
`television where two-way digital communications are
`desired, a distributed termination System is provided. In such
`desired, a distributed termination system is provided. In such
`eSired, a distributed termination System is proVided. In Suc
`a system the home terminals are digital terminals, such as
`a System the home terminals are digital terminals, Such as
`digital set-top boxes or cable modems using bi-directional
`digital Set-top boxes or cable modems using bi-directional
`transmission Standards. The functionality of the head end
`transmission standards. The functionality of the head end
`controller in a conventional System is in this System distrib
`controller in a conventional system is in this system distrib-
`uted between the head end and the fiber nodes which link the
`uted between the head end and the fiber nodes which link the
`coaxial cable and optical fiber portions of the System.
`coaxial cable and optical fiber portions of the system.
`Thereby the upstream detection takes place in the fiber
`Thereby the upstream detection takes place in the fiber
`nodes rather than in the head end by placing upstream burst
`nodes rather than in the head end by placing upstream burst
`receivers in the fiber nodes. Further there is a distributed
`receivers in the fiber nodes. Further there is a distributed
`method to enable this by providing Synchronization and
`method to enable this by providing synchronization and
`calibration control between the head end and the fiber nodes.
`calibration control between the head end and the fiber nodes.
`Also, the return path is a digital return path Supported by
`Also, the return path is a digital return path supported by
`having the burst receivers located in the fiber nodes.
`having the burst receivers located in the fiber nodes.
`
`5 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
`5 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`HIGHER
`HIGHER A
`LAYERS
`
`184
`184
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`
`synchronisation
`synchronisation
`& Calibration
`& calibration
`
`208
`208
`
`10, 2
`,f-10,12
`BROADCAST 1.
`BROADCAST
`53 24
`24
`53
`
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`OPT
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`DIGITAL FIBER NODE
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`
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`(CABLE MODEM
`or
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`
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`
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`18
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`
`209
`209
`LIGHTWAVE
`LIGHTWAWE
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 1
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`eL7
`r:
`s..4
`it.6 O
`N
`
`Sheet 1 of 25
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`HI LZL`0617`9 Sfl
`US 6,490,727 B1
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 2
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`eL7
`p.)
`IN)
`O
`O
`IN)
`
`SZ Jo Z lamIS
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`FIBER
`NODE
`
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`
`Coax
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`UPSTREAM
`
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`
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`
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`HOIBd)
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`(PRIOR ART)
`
`HT k HT
`
`18-5
`
`G-8 ||
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 3 of 25
`Sheet 3 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`80
`80
`
`TIMEBASE
`TIMEBASE
`COUNTER
`COUNTER
`
`SYNC
`COUNT
`
`82
`()
`
`FRAME
`FRAME
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`MAPPER
`
`— 88
`
`90
`
`
`
`MODULATOR
`MODULATOR
`
`56
`
`56-N
`
`SCHEDULER
`SCHEDULER
`COUNT
`COUNT
`
`84
`— 84
`
`PAYLOAD 8
`PAYLOAD &
`MAC MESSAGES
`MAC MESSAGES
`
`
`
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`
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`98
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`92
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`
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`ATTRIBUTES
`MEASUREMENT
`MEASUREMENT
`
`FIG. 2
`FIG. 2
`(PRIOR ART)
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 4 of 25
`Sheet 4 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`x 1.544 MHz
`X 1544 MHz
`CLOCK
`CLOCK
`
`116
`
`118
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`DIVIDE BY
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`
`124
`124
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`(
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`Clock
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`
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`
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`
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`RECEIVE
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`
`UPSTREAM
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`
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`ATTRIBUTES
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`MEASUREMENT
`FIG. 3
`FIG. 3
`(PRIOR ART)
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 5 of 25
`Sheet 5 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`132
`132
`
`FRAME
`FRAME
`RECOVERY
`RECOVERY
`& PARSING
`& PARSING
`
`TIMESTAMP
`TIMESTAMP
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`REGISTER
`142—
`
`138
`
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`
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`136
`136 MAC Messages
`MAC Messages
`152
`
`148
`
`150
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`
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`160
`
`COMPARE
`COMPARE
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`TRIGGER
`TRIGGER
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`162
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`166
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`
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`
`154
`
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`18
`
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`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`156
`156
`
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`FIFO
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`
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`
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`
`NEXT
`NEXT
`BURST
`BURST
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`BUFFER
`
`FIG. 4
`FIG. 4
`(PRIOR ART)
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 6 of 25
`Sheet 6 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`172 POSITION
`172 POSITION
`REGISTER
`REGISTER
`143
`143
`M1-Mbo
`to
`3 mSec marker
`3 mSec marker
`(M1 tick)
`(M1 tick)
`
`
`
`ESF
`ESF
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`RECOVERY
`
`
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`bits b0-b23
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`
`144
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`
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`TIMEBASE
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`
`148
`148
`
`170
`170
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`
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`
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`
`156 -
`156 —
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`
`150
`
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`160
`
`COMPARE
`COMPARE
`
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`BURST TRANSMT
`TRIGGER
`TRIGGER
`162
`162
`
`166
`166
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`TRANSMITTER
`
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`NEXT
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`BUFFER
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`
`
`—152
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`NEXT
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`
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`RF
`
`FIG. 5
`FIG. 5
`(PRIOR ART)
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 7
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10,12
`
`,,
`
`BROADCAST
`53 24
`
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`TX
`
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`
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`
`60
`
`INTERACTIVE TERMINATION SYSTEM (ITS) 56
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`
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`
`HIGHER
`LAYERS
`
`—1-- 182
`M
`
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` L BURST I-
`I- u
`X ---180 RECEIVERS
`
`184
`
`synchronisation
`& calibration
`
`106
`
`8
`
`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`SZ JO L PaqS
`Sheet 7 of 25
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`29
`
`FIBER NODE
`
`30
`
`OPT
`RX
`
`OPT
`TX
`
`58
`
`RF
`59 DISTRIBUTION
`42
`
`HOME
`TERMINAL
`(CABLE MODEM
`or
`SETTOP BOX)
`
`18
`
`28
`
`FIBER
`LINK
`
`(LIGHTWAVE)
`
`FIG. 6
`(PRIOR ART)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 8
`
`

`

`Waled °S'Il
`U.S. Patent
`
`SZ Jo 8 13311S
`
`HI LZL`0617`9 Sa
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`RF
`59 DISTRIBUTION
`--) 42
`
`HOME
`TERMINAL
`(CABLE MODEM
`or
`SETTOP BOX
`?
`18
`
`ETGVO)
`WEGOW
`
`JO
`XO8 dO || ES
`
`DIGITAL FIBER NODE
`
`194
`
`198 196
`
`29
`
`OPT
`RX
`
`198
`
`CABLE DEMOD
`& SW
`
`V
`
`( OPT M
`U
`TX
`X
`
`58
`
`(DIGITAL)
`
`BURST
`RECEIVERS
`/ x--194 (RF)
`190
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`synchronisation
`& calibration
`
`208
`r )
`
`50
`
`BROADCAST
`53
`
`Ar-10,12
`24
`?
`OPT
`TX
`
`FIBER
`LINK
`
`HIGHER
`LAYERS
`
`QAM MOD
`
`206
`
`C"
`
`FORMAT
`ADAPTER
`
`184
`
`182
`
`200
`
`202
`
`OPT
`RX
`
`(DIGITAL)
`
`60 28
`
`209
`LIGHTWAVE
`
`FIG. 7
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 9
`
`

`

`Waled °S'Il
`
`SZ Jo 6 13311S
`
`HI LZL`0617`9 Sa
`
`HIGHER
`LAYERS
`
`MAC
`
`210
`
`B.R.
`HANDLING
`ENTITY
`
`184
`
`182
`
`- 50
`
`r___
`QAM
`--I.
`MOD
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`RF OUTPUT
`___•,..
`
`0--
`
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`INPUT
`
`INPUT
`FORMAT
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`
`-411-
`
`206
`
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`
`00
`DJ
`I
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`70
`
`C)
`200
`
`UPSTREAM
`DIGITAL
`OPTICAL
`RECEIVER
`
`C)
`60
`
`214
`
`ETHERNET
`SWITCH
`
`200-2 —
`
`200-3 ---
`200-4
`
`ITS
`DOCSIS /
`DVB-RC
`
`FIG. 8
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 10
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`SZ Jo OI lamIS
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`
`FIBER
`NODE
`
` -2
`194
`?
`FIBER
`NODE
`
`HT
`
`194-1
`
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`HT
`
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`
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`
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`HT
`
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`
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`
` 194-3
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`
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`
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`
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`HT
`
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`
`
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`
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`OR
`
`1\
`OPT
`RX
`
`
`
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`
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`
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`
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`WAVELENGTH DIVISION
`MUX....•-"
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`
`224
`
`222
`
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`
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`
`FIG. 9
`
`218-2
`
`HE
`
`202
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 11 0f 25
`Sheet 11 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`190
`
`
`
`134
`134
`
`132
`132
`
`DEMOD
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`DOWNSTREAM
`RF
`RF
`
`
`
`
`
`TIMESTAMP
`TIMESTAMP
`REGISTER
`REGISTER
`142
`-11111.
`
`144
`144
`
`TIMEBASE
`TIMEBASE
`RECOVERY
`RECOVERY
`
`FRAME
`FRAME
`RECOVERY
`RECOVERY
`& PARSING
`& PARSING
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Payload+
`Payload +
`MAC Messages
`MAC Messages
`
`
`
`148
`
`
`
`
`
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`RF
`RF
`
`152
`
`150
`
`OFFSET
`ACCUMULATOR
`
`160
`
`COMPARE
`
`0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
`O
`o
`0
`
`
`O
`O
`0
`O
`0
`O
`0
`0
`0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
`Schedul
`Schedule
`FIFO
`FIFO
`
`00
`
`v
`
`/CPO
`
`154
`
`NEXT
`NEXT
`DEPARTURE
`DEPARTURE
`REGISTER
`REGISTER
`
`BURST
`BURST
`TRANSMIT
`TRANSMIT
`TRIGGER
`TRIGGER
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`156
`
`
`
`
`
`166
`166 - NEXT
`NEXT
`BURST
`4r-
`BURST PACKETS
`BUFFER
`
`BURST
`BURST
`RECEIVER
`
`
`
`to it in
`
`OFFSET ATTRIBUTES
`OFFSET ATTRIBUTES
`MEASUREMENTS
`MEASUREMENTS
`
`230
`230
`
`Ai—
`
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`DIGITAL
`DIGITAL
`MUX
`MUX
`
`FIG 10
`FIG. 10
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 12 of 25
`Sheet 12 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`190-1
`
`170
`170
`?
`
`QPSK
`RX
`
`
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`DOWNSTREAM
`RF
`RF
`
`
`
`
`
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`POSITION
`POSITION
`REGISTER
`REGISTER
`
`ESF
`ESF
`FRAME
`FRAME
`RECOVERY
`RECOVERY
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M1 -M10
`10
`
`3 mSec marker
`(M1 tick)
`
`Payload+
`Payload +
`MAC OH
`MAC OH
`bitS b0-b23
`bits b0-b23
`
`152
`
`socces
`0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
`O
`o
`o
`O
`O
`%
`O
`O
`0
`0
`o
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`CP11/ 0
`O
`d
`4 g
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`d
` g
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`o
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`SCHEDULE
`SCHEDULE
`FIFO
`FIFO
`
`150
`
`OFFSET
`ACCUMULATOR
`
`160
`
`COMPARE
`COMPARE
`
`144
`144
`
`TIMEBASE
`TIMEBASE
`RECOVERY
`RECOVERY
`
`148
`148
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-.
`156 ---
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`DIGITAL
`DIGITAL
`MUX
`MUX
`
`NEXT
`NEXT
`DEPARTURE
`DEPARTURE
`REGISTER
`REGISTER
`
`
`
`BURST
`BURST
`TRANSMIT
`TRANSMIT
`TRIGGER
`TRIGGER
`
`196
`
`196 NE
`
`NEXT
`SLOT
`BUFFER
`
`BURST
`BURST
`
`RECEIVER RECEIVER
`
`
`
`-4
`
`UPSTREAM
`RF
`RF
`
`A
`?
`OFFSET PARAMETERS 230
`OFFSET PARAMETERS
`230
`MEASUREMENTS
`MEASUREMENTS
`
`FIG 11
`FIG. 11
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 392002
`
`Sheet 13 of 25
`Sheet 13 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`HE
`COunter
`
`
`
`
`
`AG
`COunter
`
`HT
`COUnter
`
`29:
`S
`s 2
`E
`sy a 5 - O
`
`arrival
`
`
`
`Tri ti ------------------------al-fir
`rt 11
`CCCIV
`trigger
`
`T
`
`ts
`
`FIG. 12a
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 14 of 25
`Sheet 14 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`AG AG
`COUnter
`
`,
`HE T t
`COUnter
`
`- - -
`> --
`
`- - -
`
`before
`before
`T Offset
`T offset
`correction
`COrrection
`
`HT
`COUnter
`
`s
`
`s
`
`e s
`
`s
`
`T, after
`after
`T Offset
`offset
`COrrection
`correction
`
`
`
`
`
`burst launch
`f
`uncorrected
`
`probe
`arrival
`"....---
`...,..
`
`-- _' --L-,-_
`receive
`trigger
`
`actual
`burst launch
`burst launch
`
`FIG. 12b
`FIG. 12b
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 15
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`
`SZ Jo SI 13311S
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`
`242 H
`
`TRANSPONDER MANAGER
`
`_____
`
`244
`
`AGENT MANAGER
`
`_______
`
`STANDARD
`HIGHER LAYERS
`
`- 248
`
`246 -
`
`STANDARD HE MAC
`
`STANDARD MAC
`BURST_RECEIVER_SAP
`
`OFFSET
`ATTRIBUTES
`RECEPTION
`FROM
`AGENT
`BURST
`RECEIVERS
`
`UPSTREAM
`PAYLOAD AGENT INITIALIZATION
`RECEPTION AND MONITORING
`MESSAGES
`
`DIGITAL FORMAT ADAPTER:
`TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE
`ETHERNET FRAMES DECAPSULATION
`
`NODE/
`TRANSPONDER
`STATUS
`MONITOR
`& CONTROL
`
`AGENT INITIALIZATION
`AND MONITORING
`MESSAGES
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`PAYLOAD
`TRANSMISSION
`
`- 250
`
`STANDARD MPEG-2 TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE
`ENCAPSULATION
`
`258
`
`260
`_J
`
`264
`_J
`
`ETHERNET SWITCH MAC + PHY
`
`- 252
`
`STANDARD RF DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL
`QAM/QPSK TRANSMIT PHY
`
`- 254
`
`FIBER OPTIC DOWNSTREAM PMD
`
`FIBER OPTIC DIGITAL LINK
`(AGENT TO HE)
`UPSTREAM RECEIVER PMD
`FIG. 13a
`
`UPSTREAM
` FROM AGENT
`
`
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`TO AGENT
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 16
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`
`eL7
`
`IN) O O
`
`IN)
`
`SZ JO 91 lamIS
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`
`TRANSPONDER MANAGER
`
`____
`
`H 270
`
`FIG. 13b-1
`
`AGENT MANAGER
`
`________
`
`- 272
`
`276
`
`AGENT MAC
`
`INTERCEPT
`STANDARD
`DOWNSTREAM
`MAC
`MANAGEMENT
`MESSAGES
`FOR C&S
`
`AGENT INITIALIZATION
`AND MONITORING
`MESSAGES
`
`NODE/
`TRANSPONDER
`STATUS
`MONITOR
`& CONTROL
`
`AGENT INITIALIZATION
`AND MONITORING
`MESSAGES
`
`MPEG-2 TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE
`
`RF DOWNSTREAM QAM/QPSK CHANNEL
`C&S DEMODULATOR PHY
`
`FIBER OPTIC DOWNSTREAM PMD
`
`278
`
`280
`_J
`
`284
`_J
`
`ETHERNET FRAMES TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE
`ENCAPSULATION
`
`DIGITAL UPSTREAM CHANNEL (AGENT TO HE)
`TRANSMIT PHY
`
`FIBER OPTIC DIGITAL LINK
`(AGENT TO HE)
`UPSTREAM TRANSMITTER PMD
`
`286
`_J
`288
`_J
`
`290
`_J
`
`DOWNSTREAM
`FROM HE
`
`
`
`UPSTREAM
`TO HE
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 17
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 17 of 25
`SZ JO LI PaqS
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`(OFFSET ATTRIBUTES MEASUREMENTS
`FROM BURST RECEIVER
`1
`(RECEIVED UPSTREAM PAYLOAD\
`BURST PACKETS
`
`FIG. 13b-2
`
`TRIGGER AND
`INITIALIZATION
`CONTROL OF BURST
`RECEIVERS
`
`UPSTREAM BURST
`RECEIVER PHY
`
`FIBER OPTIC UPSTREAM PMD
`
`4 ----.1 UPSTREAM
` FROM HT
`
`FIG. 13b
`
`FIG. 13b-1
`
`FIG. 13b-2
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 18 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`1-
`S
`
`0
`
`z LL
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`I-
`H
`
`I
`0
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 19
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`7,
`
`IN)
`O
`O IN)
`
`SZ Jo 61 lamIS
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`n 296
`
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`
`r58
`
`OPT TX
`
`316
`
`(— 314
`BPF
`LEGACY
`
`59-2
`
`A
`
`59-3
`1
`
`59-4
`
`198
`
`text
`
`B.R
``-\
`194
`L 324
`
`I/F
`
`k
`CM
`DEMOD —320
`INTERACTIVE
`190 AGENT CARD
`
`CHWOLNEÐw
`031
`
`FIG. 15
`
`304
`
`ASK MOD
`328
`TRANSPONDER
`INTERFACE
`
`302
`
`r 29
`
`OPT RX
`
`
`
`narroWCast
`
`u>
`
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`
`rTsz
`92
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 20
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`
`SZ Jo OZ lamIS
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`
`226
`
`332
`
`Broadcast & 339
`narrowcast in
`
`op,
`
`EDFA
`
`1
`
`29-1
`
`OPT RX
`
`310
`
`r- 314
`BPF
`LEGACY
`RETURN
`
`58-1
`S
`
`( OPT TX
`
`} 336
`
`198
`
`D
`,......_
`
`1
`
`SETTOP
`DEMOD
`
`B.R.
`1
`I/F 1194
`(--- 324
`
`--- 320
`
`INTERACTIVE
`190 AGENT CARD
`
`LEGACY
`UPSTREAM
`FIBER
`
`( OPT TX
`
`58-2
`
`328
`S
`TRANSPONDER
`INTERFACE
`
`346
`
`GIGABIT
`ETHERNET
`
`T
`D
`M
`
`FIG. 16
`
`342-1
`S
`
`ENV
`DET
`
`59-1
`
`L
`L
`
`342-2
`
`59-2
`
`29-2
`S
`
`OPT
`RX
`
`29-3
`
`FROM
`DFNs
`
`338
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 21 of 25
`Sheet 21 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`CN
`CO
`re
`
`I— I
`I— = =
`1— =
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`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 22 of 25
`Sheet 22 of 25
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`368-1
`366-1
`B.R. F
`SPLIT
`INTERACTIVE
`I/F
`AGENT (IA)
`AGENT (IA)
`CARD
`CARD
`..,(DOCSIS)
`190-1
`366-2
`
`368-2
`
`1
`
`—190-2
`
`366-3
`
`368-3
`
`CO
`
`0
`
`59-3 u_
`
`B.R.
`,
`1111
`I/F I
`
`
`190-3
`
`366-4
`368-4
`
`59-4
`
`-4 BURST RXs PER 1A CARD
`SPLIT
`
`T
`D
`M
`
`CM
`DEMOD
`
`CM
`DEMOD
`
`D
`
`CM
`DEMOD
`
`M
`
`4
`CM
`DEMOD
`DOCSIS IA CARDS (1-4
`
`---190-4
`
`310
`
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`
`B.R.
`1111
`I/F
`
`—190-5
`
`SETTOP
`DEMOD
`DBV-RC NIU
`DBV-RCNU
`
`DVB RC/ DAVIC
`DVBRCI DAVIC
`A CARD (0-1)
`IA CARD (0-1)
`
`LOWband
`Lowband
`RF
`RF
`
`FIG. 18
`FIG. 18
`
`360-1
`
`372-1
`
` RF
`
`
`
`29-1
`
`370
`H OPT
`RX
`
`J.
`
`z
`cr
`
`0 w
`--J
`co
`< —
`Z
`
`Distributed Control
`Distributed control
`and synchronisation
`and synchronisation
`D/S path
`D/S path
`
`GigaBit 346
`GigaBit 346
`Ethernet E
`Ethernet
`5 8 2
`58-2
`D R
`lb' F._
`
`0 DWDM a)
`DWDM
`cc OPT
`OPT O
`TX
`{
`Lij IV3 TX
`
`TRANSPONDER
`TRANSPONDER
`W D INTERFACE 380
`INTERFACE 380
`
`314
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`58-1
`
`C/)
`
`
`
`BAND-PASS .
`
`BAND-PASS
`LEGACY
`LEGACY
`SUB-BAND
`SUB-BAND
`__I
`
` DWDM OPT
`TX
`
`LEGACY
`LEGACY
`UPSTREAM
`UPSTREAM
`CARD
`CARD
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 23
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`SZ Jo £Z lamIS
`Sheet 23 Of 25
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa US 6,490,727 B1
`
`400
`
`402-1
`
`404-1
`
`448
`
`OPT RX
`402-2
`< OPT TX e OPT RX
`
`424
`
`OPT RX
`
`430
`?
`RF SPLITTER
`
`402-3
`
`4
`
`404-3
`
`i (--1
`
`I
`I l
`f1
`f2
`5 42
`MHz
`
`404-2
`
`418-1
`
`414-1
`
`398-1
`
`
`
`
`OPT TX
`
`Analog
`Legacy Return
`
` x
`
`ASK
`MODULATOR
`
`190-11
`
`AG
`
`
`
`
`D1 DIGITAL
`BASEBAND
`RF
`
`OPT RX
`
`OPT TX
`k2
`410-2 -----
`f2
`
`190-2
`
`AG
`
`420-1
`
`DFN
`
`398-2
`J
`
`Z-868
`
`414-2
`Analog
`Legacy Return
`
`ASK
`MODULATOR
`
`D2 DIGITAL
`BASEBAND
`
`RF
`
`—1,-1 OPT RX
`i rTh
`f2
`
`1
`I
`f1
`5 42
`MHz
`
`420-2
`
`DFN
`
`FIG. 19
`
`L J_
`
`BPF
`f2
`
`BPF
`f1
`
`432-2
`
`436-2
`
`432-1
`
`436-1
`
`ENV
`DETECTOR
`
`ENV
`DETECTOR
`
`D2
`
`D-1
`
`444
`
`TDM MUX
`
`-41--‹ OPT TX
`
`TDM HUB
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 24
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`SZ Jo 17Z lamIS
`Sheet 24 of 25
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`
`
`411-00-
`-41---10.-
`-41--01.-
`
`452-1
`?
`
`- 418-1
`(
` OPT TX Fo-
`
`OPT RX H
`(
`420-1 DFN
`452-2
`
`456-1
`
`)\\/WWE
`LW9
`WEGO W HO
`
`(
`GATEWAY
`OR
`MODEM
`BANK
`
`(----- 418-2
` OPT TX
`
`OPT RX RX H
`L---- 420-2 DFN
`
`456-2
`(
`GATEWAY
`OR
`MODEM
`BANK
`
`450
`
`460-1
`
`OPT TX
`
`-41- MUX
`
`462-1
`
`OPT RX
`
`468
`
`- 1---
`-0"
`—P- DE-
`-1..-
`MUX
`***-ipi
`
`TDMH
`
`OPT RX
`
`462-2
`
`462-3
`?
`OPT RX
`
`460-2
`
`OPT TX
`
`460-3
`?
`OPT TX
`
`FIG. 20
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 25
`
`

`

`Waled *S11
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 3, 2002
`
`Sheet 25 0f 25
`SZ Jo SZ 13311S
`
`iff LZL`0617`9 Sa
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`
`
`
`GATEWAY
`OR
`MODEM
`BANK
`
`456-1
`
`482-2
`
`GATEWAY
`OR
`MODEM
`BANK
`
`456-2
`
`482-1
`
`f2 480-1
`
`D1
`ASK MOD
`
`OOW XSW
`
`486
`
`418-1
`
`4
`
`<OPT TX
`420-1
`
`OPT RX
`
`DFN
`
` ENV
`BPF
`f1
`DET. dl
`L 500-1 L 512-1
`
`418-2
`
`<OPT TX
`420-2
`
`OPT RX
`
`DFN
`
`f1 480-2
`r-J
`14 D2
`ASK MOD
`
`ENV
`BPF
`DET.
`f1
`d2
`500-2 L 512-2
`
`504-2
`
`460
`
`488
`
`460-1
`
`—<OPT TX
`
`MUX
`
`474
`
`D1
`
`D2
`
`ASK
`DE-
`MOD
`
`494
`
`1
`
`DE-
`MUX d2
`
`460-2
`
`—0-1 OPT RX
`
`TDMH
`
`500
`
`490
`504-1
`
`ASK
`MOD
`f1
`
`ASK
`MOD
`f2
`
`FIG. 21
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1013, page 26
`
`

`

`1
`1
`DISTRIBUTED TERMINATION SYSTEM
`DISTRIBUTED TERMINATION SYSTEM
`FOR TWO-WAY HYBRD NETWORKS
`FOR TWO-WAY HYBRID NETWORKS
`
`US 6,490,727 B1
`US 6,490,727 B1
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`This invention pertains to RF and fiber-optic architecture
`This invention pertains to RF and fiber-optic architecture
`of HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable) cable television or
`of HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable) cable television or
`cable-like network Systems and two-way digital communi
`cable-like network systems and two-way digital communi-
`cations to cable modem and digital Settop units.
`cations to cable modem and digital settop units.
`BACKGROUND
`BACKGROUND
`
`5
`
`10
`
`HFC Networks
`HFC Networks
`FIGS. 1a, 1b show a generic HFC network. FIG. 1a shows
`FIGS. la, lb show a generic HFC network. FIG. la shows
`the head-end whereas FIG. 1b shows the entire network.
`the head-end whereas FIG. lb shows the entire network.
`The Head-end (HE) 8 contains the equipment respectively
`The Head-end (HE) 8 contains the equipment respectively 15
`15
`10, 12 and 14 that receives the analog and digital television
`10, 12 and 14 that receives the analog and digital television
`Signals and the digital data Signals from multiple local and
`signals and the digital data signals from multiple local and
`remote sources (satellites, off-air sources, terrestrial
`remote sources (satellites, off-air sources, terrestrial
`microwave, local tape Systems, local Video Servers, com
`microwave, local tape systems, local video servers, com-
`puter servers, IP routers) and conditions these signals for
`puter servers, IP routers) and conditions these signals for 20
`transmission to the home terminals (HT). The home termi
`transmission to the home terminals (HT). The home termi-
`nals 18-1, 18-2, etc., are analog and digital Video "Settops”
`nals 18-1, 18-2, etc., are analog and digital video "settops"
`(cable TV set top boxes) and digital cable modems. The head
`(cable TV set top boxes) and digital cable modems. The head
`end 8 also receives the reverse (upstream) transmissions
`end 8 also receives the reverse (upstream) transmissions
`from the home terminals and processes them, in coordina
`from the home terminals and processes them, in coordina- 25
`25
`tion with the downstream transmissions and the input/output
`tion with the downstream transmissions and the input/output
`Signals from/to outside digital networks. The equipment to
`signals from/to outside digital networks. The equipment to
`perform this transceiving function at the HE with respect to
`perform this transceiving function at the HE with respect to
`the home devices and the core data networks connected to
`the home devices and the core data networks connected to
`the HE is called in this disclosure Interactive Termination
`the HE is called in this disclosure Interactive Termination 30
`System (ITS).
`System (ITS).
`Consider first the downstream transmission of analog
`Consider first the downstream transmission of analog
`Video, then the transmission of digital video and data.
`video, then the transmission of digital video and data.
`Analog video is transmitted downstream by FDM
`Analog video is transmitted downstream by FDM
`(Frequency Division Multiplexing), whereby a composite
`(Frequency Division Multiplexing), whereby a composite 35
`35
`Spectrum consisting of multiple analog channels is generated
`spectrum consisting of multiple analog channels is generated
`by RF (radio frequency) combining the output of analog
`by RF (radio frequency) combining the output of analog
`modulators 20-1, 20-2, etc., each of which is driven by a
`modulators 20-1, 20-2, etc., each of which is driven by a
`baseband or IF analog video channel. The composite FDM
`baseband or IF analog video channel. The composite FDM
`Signal is then applied to one or more linear analog laser
`signal is then applied to one or more linear analog laser 40
`40
`transmitters 24-1, 24-2, 24-3, etc., and transmitted over a
`transmitters 24-1, 24-2, 24-3, etc., and transmitted over a
`“tree” structure 28 of optical fiber to the fiber nodes 30-1,
`"tree" structure 28 of optical fiber to the fiber nodes 30-1,
`30-2, etc., where conversion from optical to RF format
`30-2, etc., where conversion from optical to RF format
`occurs at optical receiver 29.
`occurs at optical receiver 29.
`From the fiber nodes the signals are distributed to the
`From the fiber nodes the signals are distributed to the 45
`45
`home terminals via a tree and branch Structure 40 consisting
`home terminals via a tree and branch structure 40 consisting
`of coaxial cables with amplifiers 42-1, 42-2, etc., periodi
`of coaxial cables with amplifiers 42-1, 42-2, etc., periodi-
`cally placed to make up for the Signal loSS, tapS and coaxial
`cally placed to make up for the signal loss, taps and coaxial
`drops to the subscriber units HT. Each coaxial cable drop
`drops to the subscriber units HT. Each coaxial cable drop
`terminates in an RF set-top converter HT which bandpass
`terminates in an RF set-top converter HT which bandpass 50
`50
`Selects a particular analog television channel out of the
`selects a particular analog television channel out of the
`composite spectrum.
`composite spectrum.
`The band from 550 MHZ to 750 MHZ is used for down
`The band from 550 MHz to 750 MHz is used for down-
`Stream digital transmission from digital TV Sources 12.
`stream digital transmission from digital TV sources 12.
`Digital QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) modula
`Digital QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) modula- 55
`55
`tors 50-1,50-2, 50-3, etc., are used to map multiple streams,
`tors 50-1, 50-2, 50-3, etc., are used to map multiple streams,
`each of several tens of Mbps into 6 MHZ channels. The
`each of several tens of Mbps into 6 MHz channels. The
`modulators 50-1, etc., are positioned at the transmit side of
`modulators 50-1, etc., are positioned at the transmit side of
`a digital link, which runs over an analog linear medium, Such
`a digital link, which runs over an analog linear medium, such
`as the HFC medium. The digital input to each QAM
`as the HFC medium. The digital input to each QAM 60
`60
`modulator at the HE is typically an MPEG-2 multiplexed
`modulator at the HE is typically an MPEG-2 multiplexed
`digital signal carrying multiple digital Video MPEG-2 pro
`digital signal carrying multiple digital video MPEG-2 pro-
`grams and/or data channels from multiplexes 52-1, 52-2,
`grams and/or data channels from multiplexes 52-1, 52-2,
`52-3, etc.
`52-3, etc.
`The digital video inputs to the multiplexers 52-1, 52-2,
`The digital video inputs to the multiplexers 52-1, 52-2, 65
`65
`etc., are generated by digital video encoders in Sources 12
`etc., are generated by digital video encoders in sources 12
`each of which digitizes and compresses an analog video
`each of which digitizes and compresses an analog video
`
`2
`2
`input signal. Alternatively the digital video input signals
`input signal. Alternatively the digital video input signals
`originate from digital video Servers or are received from
`originate from digital video servers or are received from
`remote Sources via Satellite. On the transmit Side, an RF
`remote sources via satellite. On the transmit si