United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`Jimenez et a1.
`
`[n]
`
`[45]
`
`_
`
`4,367,752
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`[751
`
`'
`
`‘
`1
`[54] éfifififléfi Sgfigfisn‘ggfm CAL
`,
`.
`.
`.
`..
`‘Inventors. 12::nagnggzlilzfoxlgiTitstgfi‘oJi‘Fla
`’
`’
`’
`,
`[73] Asmgnee: Biotechnology, Inc., Miami, Fla.
`[21] App]. No.: 145,765
`‘
`[22]
`, Filed:
`Apr. 30’ 1980
`[51]' Int. 01.3 ................................................ A61B 5/02
`[52] US. Cl. .................................... 128/689; 128/706;
`,
`,
`128/707; 128/782
`[58] - Field of Search ........................ 128/668, 670—672,
`128/639, 644. 687*691, 706-707, 702-704, 718,
`779. 732; 364/410, 413, 415, 417
`‘ References Cited
`
`[56]:
`
`'
`
`U'S- PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`..... 128/707
`‘ 3,395,698
`8/1968 Morehouse
`
`‘ 3,518,985
`7/1970 Quinton .
`.. 128/707
`
`3,534,727 10/1970 Roman
`----- 128/644
`
`3,675,640
`7/1972 Gatts ................ 128/671
`
`_ 3,826,246 7/1974 Paddi et a1.
`.. 128/644 X
`
`3,978,849 9/1976 Geneen ................ 128/690
`
`4,053,951 10/1977 Hudspeth et a1.
`_
`.. 128/670
`
`4,101,071
`7/1978 Brejnik et a1.
`.....
`.. 128/687
`
`4,108,166
`8/1978 Schmid ................ 128/706
`4,112,928
`9/1978 Putsch ............. 128/707
`
`4,144,568
`3/1979 Hill“ et a1. ------------- 354/410
`
`4,181,135
`1/1980 Andresen et a1.
`.
`.. 128/702X
`4,192,000 4/1980 Lipsey ................. 364/415
`
`4,202,350 5/1980 Walton .........,.............. 128/690
`
`4,216,956 8/1980 Yamamura et a1.
`........ 272/70
`
`
`4,220,996 9/1980 Searcy ......................... 364/561
`4,223,211
`9/1980 Allsen et a1.
`.................. 235/92 DN
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Kato, S. et a1., “Application of Micro—Computer to
`Integrated Sleep Monitor”, Euromicro (Netherlands)
`V3, #4, Oct. 1927.
`Primary Examiner—Kyle L. Howell
`Assistant Examiner—Francis J. Jlaworski
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Lowe, King, Price & Becker
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`The physical condition of a subject is tested by a trans-
`ducer mounted on the subject which derives a first
`signal indicative of heart activity. An electronic instru-
`ment. housing carried by the subject includes terminals
`responsive to the first signal and (a) an inertial member
`for monitoring the Quantity of repetitive actions taken
`by a limb of the subject and for d~er1v1ng a second Signal
`indicative of the quantity, (b) a keyboard for enabling
`signals to be derived indicative of numerical quantities
`associated with plural physiological parameters of the
`subject, (c) a clock source for deriving timing signals,
`-
`-
`-
`(d) a digital computer responswe to the first, second,
`timing 3.“ ke¥b°11rd§ignals .for derivmg Plural ‘iigiial
`output Signals indlcative of different physrcal act1v1t1es
`of the tested subJect, (e) a visual digital indicator, (0
`plural key switches, each associated with a different one
`of the physical activities, and (g) circuitry responsive to
`activation of the plural key switches for selectively
`~
`-
`-
`coupling different ones of the plural output Signals to
`the “”31 md‘cat“ 5° °nly °ne 0f the output Slgnals ‘5
`supplied to the indicator at a firm
`
`53 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures
`
`
`
`|PR2018-00294
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`Apple Inc. EX1012 Page 1
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
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`Sheet 1 of7
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`1012 Page 2
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
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`Sheet 2 of7
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`|PR2018-00294
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan.11,1983
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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`Sheet 4 of7
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`
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`|PR2018-00294
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`IPR2018-00294
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`

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`Jan. 11, 1983
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`|PR2018-00294
`
`Apple Inc. EX1012 Page 7
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`Sheet 7 of7
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`4,367,752
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`

`

`4,367,752
`
`1
`
`APPARATUS FOR TESTING PHYSICAL
`‘ CONDITION OF A SUBJECT
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`2
`oxygen to various parts of the body of a subject. Exer-
`cises which typically fall into the category of aerobics
`are walking, jogging, running, hiking, climbing, tennis,
`cycling, weight lifting and swimming. Diligent pursuit
`of any of these exercises results in improved physical
`condition of a subject.
`As previously indicated, the previously developed
`devices provide an indication of physical condition by
`relying primarily upon one of two variables, namely
`heart rate during exercise or distance traveled by a limb
`in exercise. Because heart rate is a prime indicator of
`physical stress, it is valuable to constantly monitor heart
`rate during exercise of a subject. Maximum heart rate in
`‘ human subjects is dependent on age. Clinical evidence
`15
`exists to indicate that optimum benefit from aerobic
`exercise is obtained when the cardiovascular system of
`the subject is exercised at a target heart rate range of
`between 75% to 85% of maximum heart rate for a par-
`ticular subject for at least twelve minutes. However,
`clinical evidence developed by Dr. Azorides R. Mo-
`rales,
`reported in September 1979, Medical World
`News, pps. 37 and 38, also exists to indicate that certain
`individuals, due to physical defects or condition, cannot
`use the standard 75% to 85% of maximum heart rate for
`their age, to calculate the target rate, without risk of
`heart damage to the subject. Certain of the prior art
`devices rely almost exclusively upon the heart rate
`monitoring to provide an indication of the physical
`condition of the subject. The other class of devices
`relies upon a measurement of distance and rate of dis—
`tance covered to indicate the physical condition of the
`subject. These two classes of devices, however, have
`not generally provided the subject or physician with a
`complete analysis of the physical condition of a subject.
`DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
`
`‘ The present invention "relates generally to apparatus
`for testing the physical condition of a subject and, more
`particularly,
`to an apparatus for testing the physical
`condition of a subject in response to signals indicative of
`heart activity of the subject and of the distance tra-
`versed by a limb of the subject during a timed testing
`period to provide a fitness indication of the cardiovas-
`cular system of the subject and/or parametric data re-
`lated to exercise. ‘
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`, Numerous devices have been devised, and some actu-
`ally employed, for testing the physical condition of a
`human subject. The devices are employed for medical
`purposes, as well as to apprise an athlete of his physical
`condition during training. In a typical medical device,
`utilized in stress tests for physiological purposes, an
`electrocardiogram of a subject being tested is continu-
`Ously taken. In addition, blood pressure is intermittently
`monitored, and in some instances respiration rate is
`measured. The oxygen transfer to the lungs of the sub-
`ject is also measured. Other devices have been devel-
`oped wherein elapsed time of a test is combined with
`heart beat pulses to derive an indication of a heart beat
`rate, as well as caloric consumption and total calories
`expended. Other devices which base calorie consump-
`tion only on heart rate are quite inaccurate because they
`do not take into consideration data required to calculate
`calorie consumption in accordance with variables
`which are known to effect calorie consumption viz:
`distance traveled, length of exercise time, resting heart
`rate, resting and exercise heart rate, weight of subject,
`change in heart rate in MET (multiples of metabolic
`need for sitting quietly) and oxygen consumed per min—
`ute per pound. Other systems have been devised
`wherein physical exertion parameters of a subject are
`determined as a function of the age of a subject, in com-
`bination with heart pulse frequency, to determine the
`stress on the heart.
`
`Other devices have been proposed for monitoring
`physical condition of a subject in response to a signal
`derived from an electromechanical sensor adapted to
`generate an electrical pulse in response to each step
`taken by an individual while walking, running or jog-
`ging. In one particular system of this type, a computer
`counts the number of steps taken by the subject and, in
`response to a timing signal from a clock source, mea-
`sures the rate at which the steps are taken. The com-
`puter continuously integrates the number of steps taken
`multiplied by the step rate over a time interval while the
`subject is being tested. The computer supplies signals to
`aural and visual outputs, to provide indications of the
`physical condition of the subject, and to apprise the
`subject as to whether he is achieving or exceeding pre-
`determined levels associated with his physical parame-
`ters.
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`In accordance with a basic concept of the present
`invention, parameters concerning physiological param-
`eters of an exercising subject, e.g. the physical condition
`and calorie consumption of the subject, are tested by
`monitoring heart activity of the subject during an exer-
`cise period and the distance traversed by a limb of the ‘
`subject during testing. A computer means responds to
`the heart activity and distance traversed signals, as well
`as a timing signal from a clock source and a signal indic-
`ative of at least one predetermined constant physiolog-
`ical parameter of the subject, to derive a signal indica-
`tive of the physical activity of the subject being tested.
`An, indicator responds to the physical activity signal to
`provide visual and/or aural signals to a subject or physi-
`cian.
`
`In the preferred embodiment, the physiological pa-
`rameters determined by the computer are, heart rate,
`speed of the subject, fitness, and calories consumed of
`the exercise. Distance is determined directly from indi—
`cations of number of cycles the limb moves and a
`known,
`i.e., constant, predetermined physiological
`input parameter relating each cycle of limb movement
`to traversed distance; for a runner or walker the number
`of strides is counted and the stride length is the known
`input. From measurements of elapsed time and distance
`traveled, speed is calculated. Fitness is computed from
`distance traveled over a relatively long interval, e.g. 12
`minutes, of maximum exercise, based on data published
`in Cooper’s books,» and is therefore a measure of oxygen
`uptake by the subject. Calorie consumption is computed
`in response to exercise, weight of the subject, sex of the
`
`|PR2018-00294
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`Apple Inc. EX1012 Page 9
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`These prior art devices are frequently based upon
`information derived from two books written by Dr.
`Kenneth H. Cooper entitled “Aerobics”, M. Evans and
`Company, Inc., NewYork, NY. (1968) and “The New
`Aerobics”, M. Evans: and "COmpany, Inc., New York,
`NY. (1970). Dr. Cooper, in these books, defines the
`word aerobics as exercises'that increase the supply of
`
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`4,367,752
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`3
`subject, the change in heart rate per MET (multiples of
`metabolic need for sitting quietly) and the milliliters of
`oxygen consumed by the subject per minute per pound
`of the subject. Resting heart rate is set into the computer
`from measurements on the subject at the time of awak-
`ening, while exercising heart rate is measured continu-
`ally during the exercise. Heart beats per MET and oxy-
`gen per minute per pound are determined from a calcu-
`lation by the computer as being directly proportional to
`computed fitness or from table look-ups stored in a
`memory of the computer or from printed tables. If fit-
`ness has not been previously computed, it can also be
`determined from a printed table. All data derived from
`printed tables can be entered into the computer.
`In one embodiment, the heart activity of the subject is
`indicated by monitoring the number of heartbeats of the
`subject. Preferably,
`the heart beats are detected by
`electrodes on the subject which derive an electrocar-
`diogram signal. As is well known, an electrocardiogram
`signal includes several pulses referred to as p, q, r, s and
`t pulses, all of which are derived each time the heart
`beats. The r pulse has a relatively large magnitude,
`considerably larger than the remaining pulses, and is
`detected in a preferred embodiment of the invention to
`indicate the number of heart beats. The r pulses are
`detected by a band pass filter which passes the r pulses
`and feeds the passed r pulses to a clamping circuit for
`the peaks of the r pulses. A full wave rectifier is pro—
`vided for the r pulses so that r pulses of only one polar-
`ity are applied to the clamping means, regardless of
`connections of the electrodes to the r pulse detecting
`circuitry. To prevent possible high amplitude artifact
`noise in the electrocardiogram signal from being erro-
`neously detected as r pulses, the heart activity signal is
`not coupled to the computer in response to a pair of
`adjacent detected r pulses occurring in less than a pre-
`determined interval which is less than the possible per-
`iod between adjacent beats of a heart of a subject.
`In a preferred embodiment, three electrodes are pro-
`vided on the subject and are carried by a garment that
`presses the electrodes against the skin of the subject.
`The garment may be a chest strap, or in the case of a
`female athlete, a brassiere. One of the electrodes is
`adapted to abut on skin against the rib cage, in the vicin-
`ity of the heart of the subject, a second of the electrodes
`is adapted to abut on skin against the sternum of the
`subject, while a third electrode is adapted to abut on
`skin just below the right chest quadrant of the subject.
`To provide a low electrical conductance path be-
`tween the skin of the subject and the electrodes for the
`electrocardiogram signals generated by the subject,
`each of the electrodes includes a highly electrically
`conductive gel which adheres to the skin of the subject
`while moistened. Moistening of the gel can occur by
`applying water from an external source, or in response
`to perspiration from the subject. In a preferred embodi-
`ment, the gel includes karaya gum and glycerin.
`Associated with each electrode is a lead wire and a
`shield for the lead wire or a common shield for all of the
`lead wires. Because the three lead wires and the shield
`are connected to three sets of input terminals of an
`electronic instrument housing, there is a tendency for
`the grounded shield voltage to vary relative to ground
`of the housing. To obviate this problem, a common
`mode rejection circuit includes a ground terminal for
`the lead of one of the electrodes. The lead wires for the
`other two electrodes are connected to a differential
`amplifier arrangement. In the preferred configuration,
`
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`the differential amplifier means includes a buffer ampli-
`fier for the voltages applied to the two leads and a dif-
`ferential amplifier responsive to the output voltages of
`the two buffer amplifiers. The differential amplifier is
`referenced to ground to provide the common mode
`rejection for voltages generated by the electrodes.
`An alternative arrangement for monitoring heart
`beats employs photo-plethysmography wherein infra
`red absorption properties by capillaries in the skin of the
`subject are monitored by an infra red source and detec-
`tor. The detector derives a pulse for each heart beat and
`avoids the necessity for a harness carrying electrodes
`and the accompanying circuitry.
`The visual
`indicator is preferably a liquid crystal
`display (LCD) or a light emitting diode (LED) display
`for digital numeral indicating signals derived by the
`computer. Different signals are applied to the visual
`indicator on a selective basis to enable the subject and-
`/or physician to be apprised of various aspects of the
`physical condition of the subject. If the subject is run-
`ning, walking, or jogging, the signal indicative of dis-
`tance traversed by a limb of the subject is derived by a
`pedometer. In this case, the indicator is selectively re-
`sponsive to signals indicative of heart beats per minute,
`elapsed time of the exercise interval, the distance tra-
`versed by the subject, the number of calories used by
`the subject during the interval, the rate of speed of the
`subject during the interval, and a fitness factor which is
`a function of maximum oxygen uptake. The distance
`transversed, consumption of calories and fitness factor
`are calculated by the computer in response to entry on
`a keyboard of the physiological parameters of sex, age,
`resting heart rate, weight, and stride of the subject.
`The aural indicator signals heart beat rate to the sub-
`ject in response to entry on the keyboard of minimum
`heart rate and can provide the subject with an indica-
`tion that he is exercising at an excessive rate in response
`to entry on the keyboard of maximum heart rate. In
`particular, the aural indicator is pulsed in response to
`each heart beat when the computer is responsive to at
`least a predetermined number of heart beats in a prede-
`termined interval. The aural indicator is continuously
`activated in response to the heart beat rate exceeding a
`predetermined level, as indicated by the computer
`means.
`In accordance with a further feature of the invention,
`the computer means includes a memory that is supplied
`with signals indicative of the predetermined, constant
`physiological parameters. By activating a power down
`key on the keyboard the memory continues to store the
`signals indicative of the predetermined, constant physi-
`ological parameters even when a DC power supply for
`each of the computer means, signal deriving means and
`indicator means is decoupled from the remainder of the
`computer means, as well as signal deriving means and
`indicator means. It is, however, possible to supply new
`signals to the computer memory indicative of the prede—
`termined, constant physiological parameters of the sub-
`ject, as desired.
`the signal deriving
`In a preferred configuration,
`means, visual and aural indicators, computer means and
`pedometer are all located in an electronic instrument
`housing adapted to be mounted on the subject. The
`electronic instrument housing includes a keyboard for
`enabling derivation of signals indicative of numerical
`quantities associated with a plurality of physiological
`parameters of the subject, as well as plural key switches,
`each associated with a different one of the physical
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`|PR2018-00294
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`activities. Thus‘, theelectro’nic instrument housing con-
`tains all Of the structure,except for the electrodes, nec-
`essary to providethe subject and/or physician with an
`indication of the physical condition of the subject The
`instrument housing can be connected by a‘ jack to a
`conventional EKG monitoring device.
`1
`It1s, accordingly, an object of the present invention
`to provide a new and imprdved apparatus fortesting the
`physical Condition of a human subjeét.
`.
`An additional object of the invention is to provide a
`new and improved apparatus for, indicating physical
`condition of a subjectIn response to signals indicative of
`heart activity of the subject and distance traversedby a
`limb of a subject during testing
`Another object of the invention is to provide a new
`and improved programmable apparatusfor testing the
`physical condition of a subject,lwhich»apparatus can be
`worn on the subject- and provide the subject and/or.
`others with visual and aural indications of his physical
`condition and whether heis exceeding his physical
`capabilities.
`Still another object of the invention is to provide a
`portable apparatus which can be worn by a jogger,
`walker, hiker, or runner, which apparatus provides the
`subject with an indication of his heart beat per minute,
`miles traversed, Speed of traversal, length of exercise
`period, calorie consumption, and, upon completion of
`12 minutes of maximum activity, his fitness based on
`maximum oxygen uptake
`The above and still further objects, features and ad—
`vantages of the present invention will become apparent
`upon consideration of the following detailed deseription‘
`of several specific embodiments thereof, especially
`. when taken in considerationwith the accompanying
`drawings.
`-
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS ‘
`FIG. 1 is an illustration of a female jogger, runner,
`hiker or walker equipped with the apparatus of the
`present invention;
`1
`FIG 21s a diagram of a malejogger, runner, hiker or
`walker equipped with the' apparatus of the present in-
`vention;1 »
`FIG 31s a perspective view of electrodes mounted1n
`garments Worn by the test subjects of FIGS 1 or 2;
`FIG. 4 is a generally front, perspective view of an
`electronic instrument housing for ‘a portion of the appa-
`ratus of the present invention,
`'
`FIGS. 5 and 5a are baCk views of alternative embodi-
`ments of the instrument housing illustratedIn FIG. 4,
`FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are illustrations ofvariOus pedome—
`ters that can be mounted1n the housing of FIGS. 4 and '
`5;
`FIG 9IS a perspective view of an electrode carrying
`chest strap in combination with a cable and the instru-
`ment housing;
`1
`FIG. 1013a circuit diagram of the electrocardiogram .
`amplifier and filter circuitry in the instrument housing
`of FIG. 4;-
`.
`»
`FIGS lla and 11b, together form a block diagram of
`the apparatus contained in the instrument housing, as
`well as of the electrodes; and .
`.-
`1
`FIGS. 12 and 13 are illustrations of alternative de-
`vices for monitoring heart beats using photo-plethys-
`mography.
`1
`1
`1
`
`'50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`BEST'MOIDE FOR CARRYING OUT THE
`‘
`INVENTION-
`Reference15 now made to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein
`there are respectively illustrated female and male ath-
`Ietes equipped with the present invention. The female
`and male athletes respectiVely wear garments 11 and 12,
`each carrying three.electrodes.;l3—'15 which are pressed
`by the garments. against the skin of the athlete. Each
`athlete also wearsa waistband which carries electronic
`instrument housing“, connected to the electrodes by a
`suitable cable or lead wire arrangement. For the female
`athlete, the garment is a brassiere 11, preferably of the
`type known as a “running bra” which minimizes breast
`bouncing, skin irritation and collagen tissue breakdown
`of the breasts. For the male athlete, the garment is a
`chest strap 12, worn slightly above the Vicinity of the
`male breast. Each of garments 111 and 12 carries three
`electrodes 13, 14 and 15 which are electrically con-
`nected to the skin of the athlete, i.e., subject being tested
`for physical condition,
`to supply electrocardiogram
`voltages generated by the subject to leads which extend
`to electronic instrument housing 17, which is mounted
`on the waist band. Each of brassiere 11 and chest strap
`12 is provided with a fastener which firmly secures the
`brassiere or chest strap to the chest of the subject so that
`electrode 13 abuts on skin just below the right chest
`quadrant of the subject, electrode 14 abuts on skin
`against the sternum of the subject, in the center of the
`chest of the subject, and electrode 15 abuts on skin
`against the rib cage, in the vicinity of the heart of the
`subject.
`. A preferred configuration for each of electrodes
`13—15'15 illustrated1n FIG. 3 and includes a generally
`square layer 21 of a gel which is highly electrically
`conductive and adheres to the skin of the subject while
`moistened. Layer 21 is illustrated as being of generally
`square configuration, but is is to be understood that it
`can take any? suitable geometry, having sufficient
`contact area on a face adapted to contact the skin of the
`subject. On the face of layer 21 opposite from the face
`adapted to contact the skin of the subject is a metal
`mesh layer 22 of stainless steel or soft annealed brass
`carrying an impreganted film of silver-silver chloride.
`Layer 22- includes a central button 23 which is secured
`to lead wire 24 of a shielded or unshielded cable that is
`connected to a reference potential (preferably zero or
`ground voltage) within instrument housing 17. Lead
`wire 24 for each of electrodes 13—15 has its own sepa-
`rate shield in one embodiment, or, in another embodi-
`ment, the lead wires for the various electrodes have a
`common shield in a single cable; however the latter
`configuration may have deleterious results due to cross
`coupling of signals transduced by electrodes 1345.
`In a preferred configuration, gel layer 21 is composed
`of1 the following ingredients:
`Karaya gum, a hydrophilic gum which is carbohy»
`drate polymer exuded from certain Indian trees of the
`genus sterculia, 33 percent by weight;
`Glycerin, 60 percent by weight;
`Ethanol, 1 percent by weight
`Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0101 percent by weight;
`Propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.01 percent by weight;
`Sodium chloride, 4 percent by weight;
`1 Potassium chloride, 2 percent by weight“
`The Karaya gum-forms a highly electrically conductive
`translucent colloidal gelwhen mixed with the remain-
`ing ingredients. Layer 21 has an area of approximately
`
`.
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`four centimeters by four centimeters, and a two millime-
`ter thickness. If desired 'or necessary,
`layers 21 are
`moistened with water or a saline solution prior to the
`subject securing brassiere 11 or chest strap 12 in place.
`Alternatively, layer 21 can remain dry prior to installa—
`tion and can be moistened by perspiration from the skin
`of the subject.
`It is to be understood that other electrodes can be
`utilized in lieu of the electrodes specifically illustrated
`in FIG. 3. In particular, an In-Vivo Metric Systems type
`E221 electrode or a Beckman Instruments Company
`type 650437 electrode could be employed. If either of
`these electrodes is employed, however, an electrolyte
`gel must be employed to provide proper coupling of the
`electrocardiogram voltage to lead 24.
`Reference is now made to FIGS. 4 and 5 of the draw-
`
`8
`depression of function key 45 and sex key 35, one of
`male or female keys 36 or 37 is pressed, in min followed
`by depression of enter key 44. After depression of func—
`tion key 45 and one of keys 34 or 38—42, a numerical
`value is entered by depressing one or more of 0—9 nu-
`meral keys 45, which is followed by depressing enter
`key 44.
`Keyboard 32 includes three additional keys 46, 47 and
`” “clear” and
`48, respectively labeled “power down ,
`“heart rate”. Depression of “power down” key enables
`the physiological parameters associated with the sub-
`ject to be stored in the memory of the computer means
`within housing 17 indefinitely, even when power is
`decoupled from the remainder of the unit. If the physio-
`logical parameters of the subject change or the device is
`used for a different subject, new parameters can be
`entered into the memory merely by pressing function
`key 45, the desired physiological key, the specific sex or
`numerical value keys, and enter key 44. Clear key 47 is
`depressed when it is desired to remove all entries from
`keyboard 32 and to clear display 31. Heart rate key 48 is
`depressed by the subject while he is in a rest condition
`and after brassiere 11 or chest strap 12 has been secured
`in place and leads 24 of electrodes 13—15 have been
`connected to input terminals of instrument housing 17.
`On the top face of instrument housing 17, in addition
`to liquid crystal digital display 31, are a liquid crystal
`display 51, in the form of a heart, and a cloth or other air
`pervious screen 52, which allows aural pulses and con-
`tinuous aural tones to be coupled exteriorly of housing
`17. Liquid crystal display 51 is activated at the same rate
`as heart beats of the subject. With slide switch 33 in the
`upper, “audio” position, an aural pulsed tone is coupled
`through screen 52 each time the heart of the subject
`beats, when the heart beat rate is greater than the rate
`which is entered after depression of low rate key 41. A
`continuous aural tone is coupled through screen 52 in
`response to the heart beat rate of the subject exceeding
`a predetermined maximum, associated with entry of a
`numeral value, subsequent to depression of high rate
`key 42 or 150 rate key 43. The subject is advised to
`reduce his activity if he hears the continuous tone.
`On the upper face of housing 17 are 8 additional keys
`53—60, respectively associated with the output func-
`tions: distance traversed (P key 53), average speed (S
`key 54), calories or energy consumed (E key 55), fitness
`factor (F key 56), elapsed time of exercise (M key 57),
`stop time of exercise/store (SP key 58), beats/minute
`(key 59), and start time of exercise (ST key 60). In re-
`sponse to depression of stop time of exercise/store key
`58, followed by depression of one of keys 53—57, digital
`display 31 is activated to indicate the numerical value
`associated with the depressed key. Display 31 is sup-
`plied by the digital computer means in instrument hous-
`ing 17 with a signal derived directly from the pedome-
`ter and the stride length input from keyboard 32 in
`response to depression of keys 58 and 53. In response to
`depression of keys 58 and 54, the computer means in
`instrument housing 17 responds to signals in the mem-
`ory thereof indicative of the calculated distance and
`elapsed time to supply display 31 with a signal indica-
`tive of the speed of the subject while running, jogging,
`walking or hiking. In response to depression of keys 58
`and 55, the computer responds to the signals from elec-
`trodes 13—15 and the elapsed time and distance signals
`to supply display 31 with an indication of the number of
`calories consumed by the subject during the exercise
`interval. In respOnse to depression of keys 58 and 56, the
`
`.
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`ings wherein there is illustrated the exterior of elec-
`tronic instrument housing 17 which is carried on waist
`band 16. Inside of housing 17 is located electronic cir-
`cuitry which is reponsive to signals derived from elec-
`trodes 13-15, an instrument for deriving a signal indica-
`tive of the distance traversed by a limb of the subject
`being tested (generally a pedometer which counts the
`number of strides taken by the subject), a clock source
`for deriving a timing signal, and digital computer means
`responsive to the electrode signals, the distance tra-
`versed signal, the timing signal, as well as predeter-
`mined physiological parameters of the subject. The
`computer means derives a signal which is indicative of
`the physical activity of the subject being tested and
`supplies the signal to an indicator, in the form of a liquid
`crystal digital display 31 mounted on the top face of
`housing 17. Housing 17 is shaped generally as a right
`parallelepiped, having approximately a six inch length,
`three inch width, and one inch thickness.
`Physiological data concerning the subject being
`tested are entered into the computer means with key-
`board 32 on the back face of housing 17, i.e., the face of
`the housing which is remote from the body of the sub-
`ject being tested. Keyboard 32 includes a matrix of keys
`which enable differing predetermined, constant physio-
`logical parameters and differing numbers relative to
`some of these parameters to be entered into the com-
`puter. Other keys and slide switch 33 are provided for
`functions associated with the types of indications (aural
`and/or visual) which are provided by housing 17 and
`data storage in a memory of the computer means in—
`cluded in the housing. The predetermined, constant
`physiological functions whi