(12) United States Patent
`Vock et al.
`
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006539336Bl
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`*Mar.25,2003
`
`(54) SPORT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
`DETERMINING AIRTIME, SPEED, POWER
`ABSORBED AND OTHER FACTORS SUCH
`AS DROP DISTANCE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Curtis A. Vock, Charlestown, MA
`(US); Dennis Darcy, Dracut, MA (US);
`Andrew Bodkin, Needham, MA (US);
`Perry Youngs, Mattishal (GB); Adrian
`F. Larkin, Chelmsford (GB); Steven
`Finberg, Cambridge, MA (US);
`Charles Marshall, N. Andover, MA
`(US); Shawn Burke, Andover, MA
`(US); Peter Flentov, Carlisle, MA
`(US); Kevin J. Grealish, Westwood,
`MA(US)
`
`(73) Assignee: PhatRat Technologies, Inc., Boulder,
`CO (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`This patent issued on a continued pros(cid:173)
`ecution application filed under 37 CFR
`1.53( d), and is subject to the twenty year
`patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C.
`154(a)(2).
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/089,232
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun. 2, 1998
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`( 63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/867,083, filed on
`Jun. 2, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,266,623, and a continuation(cid:173)
`in-part of application No. 08/764,758, filed on Dec. 12,
`1996, now Pat. No. 5,960,380.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/077,251, filed on Mar. 9,
`1998.
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 702/182; 702/44; 702/178;
`73/379.01
`(58) Field of Search ............................ 702/182, 41, 42,
`702/44, 79, 80, 96, 104, 138, 139, 158,
`141, 142, 147, 149, 160, 176-178, 183,
`187, 189, 198, FOR 126, 56, 60-62, 166,
`179; 364/528.36, 39, 41, 410.1, 411.1;
`377/20, 23, 24.1, 24.2, 5, 9; 482/71, 74,
`902, 8; 235/105; 324/160, 161, 162, 142;
`280/DIG. 13; 368/10, 11, 14; 73/597, 488-493,
`495, 502, 503, 862.01, 862.02, 379.01,
`379.03, 720, 721, 726, 727, 865.2, DIG. 4,
`862.042-862.045; 340/323 R, 665, 668-670;
`434/253; 968/885
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,918,058 A
`
`11/1975 Noyori et al.
`
`................. 343/7
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner-Hal Wachsman
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Curtis A Vock; Lathrop &
`Gage L.C.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The invention detects the loft time, speed, power and/or drop
`distance of a vehicle, such as a sporting vehicle, during
`activities of moving and jumping. A loft sensor detects when
`the vehicle leaves the ground and when the vehicle returns
`to the ground. A controller subsystem converts the sensed
`information to determine a loft time. A display shows the
`recorded loft time to a user of the system. In addition, a
`speed sensor can detect the vehicle's speed for selective
`display to the user. A power sensing section informs the user
`of expended energy, which can be compared to other users.
`A drop distance sensing unit informs the user of the peak
`height of a jump, during an airtime. Gaming on the internet
`is facilitated to connect worldwide sport enthusiasts.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.7 .................................................. GOlL 3/24
`
`24 Claims, 49 Drawing Sheets
`
`,,,
`1-------- - - - _ _\_ ________ -1
`I
`I
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`---'-----"-----
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`
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`I
`
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`POWER
`:
`i SE;;:R
`SE~OR
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`[
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`ill
`
`.
`
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`
`

`

`US 6,539,336 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,978,725 A
`4,089,057 A
`4,371,945 A
`4,516,110 A *
`4,722,222 A
`4,757,453 A *
`4,757,714 A
`5,033,013 A *
`5,162,828 A
`5,295,085 A
`
`9/1976
`5/1978
`2/1983
`5/1985
`2/1988
`7/1988
`7/1988
`7/1991
`11/1992
`3/1994
`
`Radtke . ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. . 73/182
`Eriksson ..................... 364/562
`Karr et al. .................. 364/561
`Overmyer ............... 340/323 R
`Purdy et al. .................. 73/597
`Nasiff ...................... 73/379.01
`Purdy et al. .................. 73/597
`Kato et al. .................. 702/160
`Furness et al.
`............. 353/122
`Hoffacker ................... 364/558
`
`8/1994 Cherdak ...................... 368/10
`5,343,445 A
`8/1995 Wright et al. .............. 377/24.2
`5,446,775 A
`9/1995 Cherdak ...................... 368/10
`5,452,269 A
`11/1995 Marsh ........................ 364/556
`5,471,405 A
`12/1995 Nakamura ................. 377/24.2
`5,475,725 A
`1/1996 Kakizaki et al. ....... 364/424.05
`5,487,006 A
`11/1996 Marshall ..................... 364/569
`5,574,669 A
`5,671,162 A * 9/1997 Werbin ....................... 702/139
`5,690,591 A * 11/1997 Kenmochi et al. .......... 434/253
`5,724,265 A * 3/1998 Hutchings ................... 702/160
`* cited by examiner
`
`IPR2018-00294
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 1 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`( 32
`- - - - - - - - - - - _ _\__ - - - - - - -
`32b" SENSING UNIT 1Q.
`32c,
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`--------
`~ __;.::=---
`FIG. 1A
`
`.
`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 2 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`58
`
`DATA UNIT 50
`
`DATA
`RECEIVE
`SECTION
`56
`
`30a1
`
`BATTERY 301
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`30a 1
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`76
`
`82 BASE
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`
`FIG. 1B
`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 3 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`103
`
`FIG.2
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 4 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`134
`
`FIG. 3
`
`140
`
`FIG.5
`
`~44 11AIR11
`(142 _ __ _
`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 5 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`co
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 6 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`Accelerometer Data
`5
`
`4
`
`3
`
`2
`
`1
`
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`
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`SPECTRUM MAGNITUDE
`
`178
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`t, t
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`176
`
`FIG. 6
`
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`
`170
`
`Time
`
`SLOWER
`
`FASTER
`
`SLOWER
`
`FIG.8
`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 7 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`9000-.--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 8 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`207a
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`207b
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`PITCH
`ACCELERATION
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`ACCELERATION
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`1581
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`1561
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

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`207a
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`ACCELERATION
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 11 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`I
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 12 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`CONTROL LOOP & TIMING 505
`
`POTENTIAL SOURCE
`503
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`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 13 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`----:-- -
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`610
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`(620
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`REMOTE BASE
`632
`
`628
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`626
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`631
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`IPR2018-00294
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 15 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`IPR2018-00294
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 16 of 49
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`IPR2018-00294
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 17 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 25, 2003
`
`Sheet 18 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`702a
`
`702
`
`704
`
`700
`
`FIG. 25
`
`720~722
`
`FIG. 26
`
`724
`
`744a
`
`742
`740
`
`741
`
`FIG. 27
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 19 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`>-
`
`~
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`gl
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`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 21
`
`

`

`DATA ACQUISITION/ PLAYBACK
`BLOCK DIAGRAM 899
`
`CAPTURE SET
`
`REPLAY SET
`
`ANALOGUE INPUT
`rt-I INTERFACE BOARD
`906
`
`ANALOGUE OUT PUT
`INTERFACE BOARD
`908
`
`PC
`INTERFACE
`BOARD
`902
`
`DATA
`RECORDER/
`~
`PLAYER
`900
`
`ANALOGUE WJ ANALOGUE INPUT
`J--.l MOTHERBOARD
`904
`
`INTERFACE BOARD
`906
`
`ANALOGUE OUT PUT
`INTERFACE BOARD
`908
`
`ANALOGUE INPUT
`Y-l INTERFACE BOARD
`906
`
`ANALOGUE OUTPUT
`INTERFACE BOARD
`908
`
`FIG. 30
`
`d •
`\JJ.
`•
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`~
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`N c
`8
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`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 21 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`CLOCK
`
`CONTROL
`LOGIC
`912
`
`MEMORY
`910
`
`914b
`
`32 BIT DATA
`INTERFACE
`
`CONTROL
`INTERFACE
`
`914a
`
`FIG. 31
`
`( 920
`12 BIT
`-
`-- TO DIGITAL -
`- ANALOGUE
`
`CONVERTER
`
`MOTHER-
`BOARD
`INTER-
`FACE
`
`ANALOGUE
`SIGNAL
`CONDITIONING
`
`--
`
`CONNECTOR
`TO
`SIGNAL
`
`FIG.33
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 23
`
`

`

`[ 916
`
`REAL
`TIME
`CLOCK
`
`1
`-- CONTROL
`--
`
`LOGIC
`912 -
`
`(:ll'tU
`
`32 BIT DATA
`INTERFACE
`
`CONTROL
`INTERFACE
`
`--C914a
`
`FIG. 32
`
`918
`
`{ ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT
`
`]
`
`{ ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT
`
`]
`
`{ ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT l
`{ ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT l
`1 ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT
`1 ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT ]
`i ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT l
`
`]
`
`J ANALOGUE DAUGHTER BOARD SLOT ]
`1
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`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 24
`
`

`

`R10
`
`R9
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`R6
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`RS
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`J2
`
`2
`3
`4
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`CONN-H4
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`I
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`i.,I RES
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`I
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`AGNO
`
`FIG. 34A
`
`/930
`
`R8
`RES
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`R7
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`RES
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`TO FIG. 348
`
`U2:D
`- - . - - -
`- -
`12 I ~TOFIG.348
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`d •
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`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 25
`
`

`

`V+
`
`v-
`
`)930
`
`J1
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`....___.
`CONN-H1
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`AGNO
`_
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`
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`CONN-H1
`
`J7
`
`1
`
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`
`FIG. 34B
`
`e
`
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`
`FROM
`FIG. 34A
`
`C2
`
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`
`V+
`l
`
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`
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`-
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`
`T
`_J_
`-
`-
`GNO
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 25, 2003
`
`Sheet 25 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`...
`
`::>
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`0
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`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 26 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`PRESSURE
`SENSOR
`
`1002 --
`
`REAL TIME
`OPERATING
`SYSTEM (RTOS)
`1010
`
`CONDITIONING
`
`- ELECTRONICS
`-
`
`1004 --
`
`1r
`ANALOG TO
`DIGITAL
`ELECTRONICS
`1008
`-
`FIG. 36
`
`- M 1 CROPROCES SOR
`-
`
`1006
`-
`
`AID CONVERTER
`
`10081
`
`110 DRIVER I 1012
`
`1...-1_1_0_o_A_T_A_ ... l--1013
`
`APPLICATION
`
`1014
`
`...._A_L_TI_T_u_o_E _
`
`... J-- 1016
`
`APPLICATION
`
`1014
`
`FIG. 37
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 27 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`co
`m
`•
`l!:J
`.......
`u..
`
`-
`
`-
`
`0
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 28 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`......
`Lt>
`
`0 -
`
`N ....... . .
`
`0
`
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`...t(cid:173)
`o
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`0 ......
`
`0 -
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 30
`
`

`

`1068
`
`I
`KEYBOARD _
`
`f 1060
`
`1074
`
`,..1072
`
`l....
`I ACCELEROMETER
`CONDITIONING
`ELECTRONICS r--1 SENSOR
`
`1066
`
`1062
`
`1064
`
`PRESSURE
`SENSOR
`
`CONDITIONING
`ELECTRONICS
`
`1076
`
`1078
`
`ANALOG TO DIGITAL
`ELECTRONICS
`
`MICRO(cid:173)
`PROCESSOR
`
`ANALOG TO DIGITAL
`ELECTRONICS
`
`1070
`
`WATCH
`DISPLAY
`
`FIG. 40
`
`d •
`\JJ.
`•
`~
`~ ......
`~ = ......
`
`~
`~ :;
`N
`~Ul
`N c
`8
`
`'Jl =(cid:173)~
`~ .....
`N
`\C
`0 .....,
`.i;;..
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`
`e
`rJ'J.
`-..a-..
`(It
`~
`\0
`~
`~ a-..
`~
`lo-"
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 30 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`1100~
`
`1114b
`
`1114-a
`
`1104
`
`1102
`
`1100a
`
`FIG.41
`
`100
`
`..c:
`~ 50
`v
`ClJ t
`
`0
`
`~
`
`u
`Q)
`p..
`U'.l
`
`H
`Q)
`,µ
`
`-so
`
`Q) s
`0
`H
`Q)
`~ -100
`u
`u
`<11
`
`-150-L-~,...........,...,_...-y-.......,.....,...,.,.,_..,r-r-i'"TI'T!~"T""TTTT1mr--r-rrrmrr~.,..,TT1Td
`106
`100
`Frequency
`
`FIG.43
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 32
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 31 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`1202-......_
`
`I POLL ALTIMETER I
`.. CHANGE IN Z
`
`HIGH RATE OF
`
`t--
`
`ACCUMULATION
`FOR DURATION
`OF AIR
`
`(1200
`
`SUSTAINED
`ACCELERATION I-
`
`LOW NOISE
`FLOOR
`
`AIR TIME
`STARTED
`
`I-
`
`L1206
`
`END
`
`...
`
`CHANGE IN Z
`
`RETURNED
`NOISE FROM SKI
`
`1204 "
`IPOLL GPS DATA I ---
`- ACCELERATION
`- HIGH RATE OF
`---
`-
`--
`-
`
`ACCUMULATION
`FOR DURATION
`OF AIR
`
`AIR TIME
`ENDED
`
`POLL
`ACCELEROMETER
`DATA
`
`~ HIGH RATE OF
`CHANGE IN Z
`
`t---'
`
`ACCUMULATION
`1203~ FOR DURATION
`OF AIR
`
`FIG. 42
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 33
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 32 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`1 100
`
`0
`N
`I
`l.f')
`....;
`
`50
`
`0
`
`~
`
`(1j
`H
`µ
`u
`Cl)
`p.
`U)
`
`H
`Cl)
`µ
`Cl)
`
`6 -so
`H
`,...,
`Cl)
`Cl)
`u
`u
`-0:::
`
`~oo-+--.--r-TT"'r-rnr-.-.--rrTTT11.--.-,,TTTT~11TTTI~111TTmr-r-rrrnTT1
`100
`
`FIG. 44
`
`Frequency
`
`'
`
`_J_ -
`
`1304,
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`-
`1306
`
`1- -
`I
`I
`I DIODE TO
`I RECTIFY VOLTS
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`1310
`
`1308
`
`- -1
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`OUTPUT
`TO
`~
`SUMMING:
`\.1312
`- - - - - - __ J
`
`(TY\
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`
`II
`
`I _____ - - -
`
`FIG. 45
`
`TEMPORAL
`BINNING
`0-1Hz
`1-10Hz
`10-100Hz
`100-1000Hz
`(FOR EXAMPLE)
`
`~1300
`
`1302
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 34
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 33 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`FIG. 46
`
`1300'
`
`Digital Signal
`Processor 1304'
`
`POWER
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 35
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 25, 2003
`
`Sheet 34 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`1401
`
`1403
`
`GPS RECEIVER
`
`MICROPROCESSOR
`
`1404
`
`RAM
`
`1405
`
`BATTERY
`
`PERIPHERAL
`INTERFACE
`
`1402
`
`{500
`
`ACCELERATION
`DATA
`
`1
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`1
`8
`9
`•
`• •
`
`l1406
`
`FIG.47
`
`~
`FIG.48
`
`1498
`
`1502
`
`~
`
`SPEED
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 36
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 25, 2003
`
`Sheet 35 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`f 1600
`
`---~v
`
`~ 1606
`
`FIG. 49
`
`s 1Ct>
`
`FIG. 50
`
`FIG.51
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 37
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 36 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`t2
`t1
`TYPICAL CROSS- CORRELATION FUNCTION
`
`FIG.52
`
`TYPICAL AUTO- CORRELATION FUNCTION
`
`FIG. 53
`
`BENDING
`WAVE
`~---cs
`
`SKI
`SPEED
`---~v
`
`s,
`
`COMPRESSION
`WAVE Cp
`
`FIG. 54
`
`VIBRATION
`INPUT ATS 2
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 38
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 37 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`0
`0:
`<{
`0 m
`~ z
`
`Ul
`
`N
`N
`CD
`
`.....
`
`":..t-
`U>
`0 .....
`
`'1 ' Ln
`Ln
`•
`......
`l!J
`lL
`
`r
`r
`I
`I
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 39
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 38 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`160411
`
`[---r?~)i:......i\~'O"""TT'l'TT""'llL_,.c;_-~ ~r-r~7'1ro;::D ::;:;:;:;'IJl=1i. ~~ '1111
`
`1622
`
`160411
`
`1 J~ 1620~
`
`FIG. 56
`
`1620
`
`FIG. 57
`
`~1650
`
`1654b~
`
`~-·
`
`1656
`
`FIG.SB
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 40
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 39 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`w
`>.o
`-~ W&.n
`(.) \D w_
`a:: ......
`......
`t:J
`I- ..to
`-U ' )
`~\£>
`Vl(cid:173)z
`<(
`a::
`I-
`
`•
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`l:J
`LL
`
`•
`l:J
`......
`LL.
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 41
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 40 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`•
`l!J
`.......
`u..
`
`\
`
`•
`l!J
`....... u..
`
`.....
`
`-.... ->.
`
`<J
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 42
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 41 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`1800-,
`
`KAPTON SUBSTRATE
`
`FIG. 63
`
`+v
`
`FIG. 64
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 43
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 42 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
`
`SNOW
`
`FIG.65
`
`FIG. 66
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 44
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 25, 2003
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`Sheet 43 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 44 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 45 of 49
`
`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 47
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 46 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.25,2003
`
`Sheet 47 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1006 Page 49
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 25, 2003
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`Sheet 49 of 49
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`1
`SPORT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
`DETERMINING AIRTIME, SPEED, POWER
`ABSORBED AND OTHER FACTORS SUCH
`AS DROP DISTANCE
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of commonly(cid:173)
`owned and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/764,758 (now U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,960,380), filed on Dec. 12, 1996, U.S. application
`Ser. No. 08/867,083 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,266,623), filed on
`Jun. 2, 1997, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/077,
`251, filed Mar. 9, 1998 each of which is expressly incorpo(cid:173)
`rated herein by reference.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`The invention relates generally to monitoring and quan(cid:173)
`tifying sport movement (associated either with the person or
`with the vehicle used or ridden by the person), including the
`specific parameters of "air" time, power, speed, and drop 20
`distance. The invention also has "gaming" aspects for con(cid:173)
`necting users across the Internet. The invention is particu(cid:173)
`larly useful in sporting activities such as skiing,
`snowboarding, mountain biking, wind-surfing, skate(cid:173)
`boarding, roller-blading, kayaking, racing, and running, in 25
`which sporting persons expend energy, catch "air", move at
`varying speeds, and perform jumps.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`35
`
`2
`diamond" snowboarder will have expended more energy
`than the other, generally, and will have worked up a sweat;
`while the "green" snowboarder will have had a relatively
`inactive ride down the slope. Currently, they cannot quan-
`titatively compare how rough their journeys were relative to
`one another.
`
`OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is, accordingly, an object of the invention to provide
`systems and methods for determining "air" time associated
`with sport movements.
`It is another object of the invention to provide systems and
`methods for determining the speed of participants and/or
`vehicles associated with sport movements.
`It is yet another object of the invention to provide
`improvements to sporting vehicles which are ridden by
`sporting participants, and which provide a determination of
`speed, airtime, drop distance and/or power of the vehicle.
`Still another object of the invention is to provide systems
`and methods for determining the amount of "power" or
`energy absorbed by a person during sporting activities. One
`specific object is to provide a gauge of energy spent by a
`sporting participant as compared to others in the same sport,
`to provide a quantitative comparison between two or more
`participants.
`Yet another object of the invention is to provide the "drop
`distance" associated with a jump; and particularly the drop
`distance which occurs within "airtime".
`Still another object of the invention is to provide a gaming
`system to quantitatively compare airtime, drop distance,
`power, and/or speed between several participants, regardless
`of their location.
`These and other objects of the invention will become
`apparent in the description which follows.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is well known that many skiers enjoy high speeds and 30
`jumping motions while traveling down the slope. High
`speeds refer to the greater and greater velocities which skiers
`attempt in navigating the slope successfully (and sometimes
`unsuccessfully). The jumping motions, on the other hand,
`include movements which loft the skier into the air.
`Generally, the greater the skier's speed, the higher the skier's
`loft into the air.
`The interest in high speed skiing is apparent simply by
`observing the velocity of skiers descending the mountain.
`The interest in the loft motion is less apparent; although it is 40
`known that certain enthusiastic snowboarders regularly
`exclaim "let's catch some air" and other assorted remarks
`when referring to the amount and altitude of the lofting
`motion.
`The sensations of speed and jumping are also readily
`achieved in other sporting activities, such as in mountain
`biking, skating, roller-blading, wind-surfing, and skate(cid:173)
`boarding. Many mountain bikers and roller-bladers, like the
`aforementioned skiers, also crave greater speeds and "air"
`time.
`However, persons in such sporting activities only have a
`qualitative sense as to speed and loft or "air" time. For
`example, a typical snowboarder might regularly exclaim
`after a jump that she "caught" some "big sky," "big air" or
`"phat air" without ever quantitatively knowing how much
`time really elapsed in the air.
`Speed or velocity also remain unquantified. Generally, a
`person such as a skier can only assess whether they went
`"fast", "slow" or "average", based on their perception of
`motion and speed (which can be grossly different from
`actual speed such as measured with a speedometer or radar
`gun).
`There are also other factors that sport persons sometimes
`assess qualitatively. For example, suppose a snowboarder 65
`skis a double-diamond ski slope while a friend skis a green,
`easy slope. When they both reach the bottom, the "double-
`
`50
`
`As discussed herein, "air" or "loft" time (or "airtime")
`refer to the time spent off the ground during a sporting
`movement. For example, airtime according to the invention
`can include a snowboarder catching air off of a mogul or a
`ledge. Typically, airtime is greater than one-half (or one(cid:173)
`third) second and less than six seconds. In "extreme" sport-
`45 ing events, the maximum airtime can increase up to about
`ten or fifteen seconds.
`In most cases, it is useful to specify the lower and upper
`limits of airtime---e.g., from one second to five seconds-so
`as to reduce processing requirements and to logic out false
`airtime data. More particularly, the following description
`provides several techniques and methods for determining
`airtime. One technique, for example, monitors the vibration
`of the user's vehicle (e.g., a ski or snowboard) moving on the
`ground; and senses when the vibration is greatly reduced,
`55 indicating that the vehicle is off the ground. However, when
`such a user stands in line for the chair-lift, she might remain
`motionless for thirty seconds or more. By restricting the
`upper limit to five seconds, a system of the invention can be
`made to ignore conditions such as standing in line. Similarly,
`60 when a user walks slowly, there are cyclical periods of
`relatively small vibration (e.g., when the user lifts his foot
`off the ground). Therefore, a lower limit of one-half second
`or one second are appropriate; so that any detected "airtime"
`that falls below that lower limit is ignored and not stored.
`In another aspect of the invention, the measurement of
`airtime is used to quantify the efficiency by which a person
`or sport vehicle remain on the ground. By way of example,
`
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`US 6,539,336 Bl
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`10
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`45
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`3
`speed skiers desire to remain on the ground; and the inven(cid:173)
`tion thus provides a system which monitors the person
`and/or vehicle (e.g., the slalom ski) to detect airtime. This
`information is fed back to the person (in real time or in
`connection with a later review of video) so that he or she can
`improve their posture to reduce unwanted airtime. In such
`applications, airtime is typically less than about three or four
`seconds; and the lower limit is essentially zero (that is,
`providing miniscule airtime data can be appropriate for
`training purposes).
`As used herein, "power" refers to the amount of energy
`expended by a person or vehicle during a sporting activity,
`typically over a period such as one ski run. The following
`description provides several systems, techniques and meth(cid:173)
`ods for determining power. Power need not correspond to
`actual energy units; but does provide a measure of energy
`expended by the person or vehicle as compared to other
`persons and vehicles in the same sporting activity. Power
`can be used to quantify "bragging rights" between sport
`enthusiasts: e.g., one user can quantify that he expended
`more energy, or received more "punishment", as compared
`to a friend. Power can refer to the amount of "G's" absorbed
`during a given period of activity. Power is typically quan(cid:173)
`tified over a period that is selectable by the user. For
`example, power can be determined over successive one(cid:173)
`second periods, or successive five second periods, or suc(cid:173)
`cessive one minute periods, or successive five minute
`periods, or other periods. Power can also be measured over
`a manually selected period. For example, two snowboarders
`can initialize the period at the beginning of a run down a ski
`slope and can stop their period at the end of the run.
`"Speed" refers the magnitude of velocity as measured
`during a sport activity. Speed generally refers to the forward
`direction of the moving sportsman.
`"Drop distance" refers to the height above the ground as
`experienced by a user or vehicle during a sport activity. Drop
`distance preferably corresponds to a measured airtime
`period. For example, a snowboarder who takes a jump off of
`a ledge might drop thirty feet (drop distance) in three
`seconds (airtime). Drop distance can also specifically refer
`to maximum height above the ground for a given jump (for
`example, a user on a fiat surface can first launch upwards off
`a jump and return to the same level but experience a five foot
`drop distance).
`The inve