United States Patent
`
`119
`
`Jimenez et.al.
`
`[11]
`[45]
`
`4,367,752
`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`[54] APPARATUS FOR TESTING PHYSICAL
`CONDITION OF A SUBJECT
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Primary Examiner—Kyle L. Howell
`Assistant Examiner—Francis J. Jaworski
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Lowe,King, Price & Becker
`
`Kato, S. et al., “Application of Micro-Computer to
`[75] “Inventors:.Oscar Jimenez, Miami; Frank J.
`Integrated Sleep Monitor”, Euromicro (Netherlands)
`Bianco, Pembroke Pines, bothof Fla.
`V3, #4, Oct. 1927.
`[73]. Assignee: Biotechnology, Inc., Miami, Fla.
`[21] Appl. No.: 145,765
`[22] Filed:
`Apr. 30, 1980
`[51] Tints C03 coccscsscscssssssssssscseseccsssesseeeseesseees A61B 5/02
`[52] UsS. Ch. cesssssssssssssessessessseseeesiees 128/689; 128/706;
`128/707; 128/782
`[58] . Fieldof Search c.csscsccseeene 128/668, 670-672,
`128/639, 644, 687-691, 706-707, 702-704, 718,
`779, 782; 364/410, 413, 415, 417
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`[56]
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`The physical condition of a subjectis tested by a trans-
`ducer mounted on the subject which derives a first
`signal indicative of heart activity. An electronic instru-
`ment, housing carried by the subject includes terminals
`responsive to the first signal and (a) an inertial member
`for monitoring the quantity of repetitive actions taken
`by a limb of the subject and for deriving a secondsignal
`indicative of the quantity, (b) a keyboard for enabling
`8/1968 Morehouse....
`~ 3,395,698
`signals to be derived indicative of numerical quantities
`3,518,985 7/1970 Quinton .
`associated with plural physiological parameters of the
`3,534,727 10/1970 Roman ...
`subject, (c) a clock source for deriving timing signals,
`3,675,640
`7/1972 Gatts ..........
`(d) a digital computer responsive to the first, second,
`
`3,826,246 7/1974 Paddiet al.
`timing and keyboard signals for deriving plural digital
`3,978,849. 9/1976 Geneen..........
`
`output signals indicative of different physical activities
`4,053,951. 10/1977 Hudspethetal...
`
`of the tested subject, (e) a visual digital indicator, (f)
`128/687
`4,101,071
`7/1978 Brejnik etal. .....
`eeeseseeeeeee 128/706
`4,108,166
`8/1978 Schmid oe
`plural key switches, each associated with a different one
`
`4,112,928©9/1978 Putsch oc eeccsssesseeeneeee 128/707
`ofthe physicalactivities, and (g) circuitry responsive to
`
`4,144,568.
`3/1979. Hiller et ab...
`seeesseesees 364/410
`activation of the plural key switches for selectively
`1/1980 Andresen et al.
`.
`4,181,135.
`128/702 X
`coupling different ones of the plural output signals to
`
`4,192,000 4/1980 Lipsey ..icessssesessesereeense 364/415
`the visual indicator so only one of the output signals is
`4,202,350 5/1980 Walton.......i. dossvesaeeresenseasess 128/690
`
`supplied to the indicatorat a time.
`4,216,956 8/1980 Yamamuraetal.
`oe 272/70
`4,220,996 9/1980 Searcy wc eccsseesneresseeeee 364/561
`
`4,223,211 9/1980.Allsen et al... 235/92 DN
`53 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures
`
`teens 128/707
`
`B.oP4.
`
`L-RATE BPM,
`
`STRIDE
`MCHES
`
`¥iso i
`UTO
`&
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
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`4,367,752
`
`Sheet 1 of 7
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`Jan. 11, 1983
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`IPR2018-00294
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 2 of 7
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`4,367,752
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
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`Sheet 3 of 7
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`4,367,752
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
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`4,367,752
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`Sheet 4 of 7
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983 ©
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`Sheet 6 of 7
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`U.S. Patent n-
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jan. 11, 1983
`Sheet 7 of 7
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`1
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`4,367,752
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`APPARATUS FOR TESTING PHYSICAL
`‘CONDITION OF A SUBJECT
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`_ The present inventionrelates generally to apparatus
`for testing the physical condition of a subject and, more
`particularly,
`to an apparatus for testing the physical
`condition of a‘subject in response.to signals indicative of
`heart activity. of the subject and of the distance tra-
`versed by a limb. of.the subject during a timed testing
`period to provide a fitness indication of the cardiovas-
`cular system of the subject and/or parametric data re-
`lated to exercise.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`. Numerous devices have been devised, and someactu-
`ally employed, for testing the physical condition of a
`humansubject. The devices are employed for medical
`purposes, as well as to apprise an athlete of his physical
`condition during training. In a typical medical device,
`utilized in stress tests for physiological purposes, an
`electrocardiogram of a subject being tested is continu-
`ously taken. In addition, blood pressureis intermittently
`monitored, and.
`in some instances respiration rate is
`measured. The oxygen transfer to the lungs of the sub-
`ject is also measured. Other devices have been devei-
`oped wherein:elapsed time of a test is combined with
`heart beat pulses to derive an indication of a heart beat
`rate, as well as caloric consumption andtotal calories
`expended. Other devices which base calorie consump-
`tion only on heart rate are quite inaccurate because they
`do nottake into consideration data required to calculate
`calorie. consumption in accordance. with variables
`which are known to effect calorie consumption viz:
`distance traveled, length. of exercise time, resting heart
`rate, resting and exercise heart rate, weight of subject,
`change in. heart. rate in. MET (multiples of metabolic
`need for sitting quietly) and oxygen consumed per min-
`ute per: pound. Other systems have been devised
`wherein physical exertion parameters of a subject are
`determinedas:a function of the age of a subject, in com-
`bination with:heart: pulse frequency, to determine the
`stress on the heart.
`Other devices. have been proposed for monitoring
`physical. condition of a subject in response to a signal
`derived. from an.electromechanical sensor adapted to
`generate an electrical pulse in response to each step
`taken by an individual while walking, running or jog-
`ging. In one particular system of this type, a computer
`counts the numberofsteps taken by the subject and,in
`response to a timing signal from a clock source, mea-
`sures the rate at. which the steps are taken. The com-
`puter continuously integrates the numberofsteps taken
`multiplied by the:step rate overa time interval while the
`subject is being tested. The computer suppliessignals to
`aural and visual outputs, to provide indications of the
`physical condition of the subject, and to apprise the
`subject as.to whether he is achieving or exceeding pre-
`determined levels associated with his physical parame-
`ters.
`These. prior art devices are frequently based upon
`information. derived from two books written by Dr.
`Kenneth H. Cooperentitled “Aerobics”, M. Evans and
`Company, Inc., New. York, N.Y. (1968) and “The New
`Aerobics”, ‘M. Evansand*Company, Inc., New York,
`N.Y. (1970).
`‘Dr. Cooper, in these books, defines the
`word aerobics as exercises that increase the supply of
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`2
`oxygen to various parts of the body of a subject. Exer-
`cises:which typically fall into the category of aerobics
`are walking, jogging, running, hiking, climbing, tennis,
`cycling, weightlifting and swimming. Diligent pursuit
`of any of these exercises results in improved physical
`condition of a subject.
`As previously indicated, the previously developed
`devices provide an indication of physical condition by
`relying primarily upon one of two variables, namely
`heart rate during exercise or distance traveled by a limb
`in exercise. Because heart rate is a prime indicator of
`physicalstress,it is valuable to constantly monitor heart
`rate during exercise of a subject. Maximum heartrate in
`human subjects is dependent on age. Clinical evidence
`exists to indicate that optimum benefit from aerobic
`exercise is obtained when the cardiovascular system of
`the subject is exercised at a target heart rate range of
`between 75% to 85% of maximum heartrate for a par-
`ticular subject for at least twelve minutes. However,
`clinical evidence developed by Dr. Azorides R. Mo-
`rales,
`reported in September 1979, Medical World
`News, pps. 37 and38,also exists to indicate that certain
`individuals, due to physical defects or condition, cannot
`use the standard 75% to 85% of maximum heartrate for
`their age, to calculate the target rate, without risk of
`heart damage to the subject. Certain of the prior art
`devices rely almost exclusively upon the heart rate
`monitoring to provide an indication of the physical
`condition of the subject. The other class of devices
`relies upon a measurement of distance and rate of dis-
`tance covered to indicate the physical condition of the
`subject. These two classes of devices, however, have
`not generally provided the subject or physician with a
`complete analysis of the physical condition of a subject.
`DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
`
`In accordance with a basic concept of the present
`invention, parameters concerning physiological param-
`eters of an exercising subject, e.g. the physical condition
`and calorie consumption of the subject, are tested by
`monitoring heart activity of the subject during an exer-
`cise period and the distance traversed by a limb of the -
`subject during testing. A computer means responds to
`the heart activity and distance traversed signals, as well
`as a timing signal from a clock source and a signal indic-
`ative of at least one predetermined constant physiolog-
`ical parameter of the subject, to derive a signal indica-
`tive of the physical activity of the subject being tested.
`Anindicator responds to the physical activity signal to
`provide visual and/oraural signals to a subject or physi-
`cian.
`In the preferred embodiment, the physiological pa-
`rameters determined by the computer are, heart rate,
`speed of the subject, fitness, and calories consumed of
`the exercise. Distance is determined directly from indi-
`cations of number of cycles.
`the limb moves and a
`known,
`ie., constant, predetermined physiological
`input parameter relating each cycle of limb movement
`to traversed distance; for a runner or walker the number
`ofstrides is counted and thestride length is the known
`input. From measurementsof elapsed time and distance
`traveled, speed is calculated. Fitness is computed from
`distance traveled overa relatively long interval, e.g. 12
`minutes, of maximum exercise, based on data published
`in Cooper’s books, and is therefore a measure of oxygen
`uptake by the subject. Calorie consumption is computed
`in response to exercise, weightof the subject, sex of the
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`20
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`3
`subject, the changein heart rate per MET (multiples of
`metabolic need for sitting quietly) and the milliliters of
`oxygen consumed by the subject per minute per pound
`of the subject. Resting heart rate is set into the computer
`from measurements on the subject at the time of awak-
`ening, while exercising heart rate is measured continu-
`ally during the exercise. Heart beats per MET and oxy-
`gen per minute per pound are determined from a calcu-
`lation by the computeras being directly proportional to
`computed fitness or from table look-ups stored in a
`memory of the computer or from printed tables.If fit-
`ness has not been previously computed, it can also be
`determined from a printed table. All data derived from
`printed tables can be entered into the computer.
`In one embodiment, the heart activity of the subject is
`indicated by monitoring the numberofheartbeats of the
`subject. Preferably,
`the heart beats are detected by
`electrodes on the subject which derive an electrocar-
`diogram signal. As is well known, an electrocardiogram
`signal includes several pulses referred to as p, q, r, s and
`t pulses, all of which are derived each time the heart
`beats. The r pulse has a relatively large magnitude,
`considerably larger than the remaining pulses, and is
`detected in a preferred embodimentof the invention to
`indicate the number of heart beats. The r pulses are
`detected by a band passfilter which passes the r pulses
`and feeds the passed r pulses to a clamping circuit for
`the peaks of the r pulses. A full wave rectifier is pro-
`vided for the r pulses so that r pulses of only one polar-
`ity are applied to the clamping means, regardless of
`connections of the electrodes to the r pulse detecting
`circuitry. To prevent possible high amplitude artifact
`noise in the electrocardiogram signal from being erro-
`neously detected as r pulses, the heart activity signal is
`not coupled to the computer in response to a pair of 35
`adjacent detected r pulses occurring in less than a pre-
`determined interval which is less than the possible per-
`iod between adjacent beats of a heart of a subject.
`In a preferred embodiment, three electrodes are pro-
`vided on the subject and are carried by a garment that
`presses the electrodes against the skin of the subject.
`The garment may be a chest strap, or in the case of a
`female athlete, a brassiere. One of the electrodes is
`adaptedto abut on skin against the rib cage, in the vicin-
`ity of the heart of the subject, a second ofthe electrodes
`is adapted to abut on skin against the sternum of the
`subject, while a third electrode is adapted to abut on
`skin just below the right chest quadrant of the subject.
`To provide a low electrical conductance path be-
`tween the skin of the subject and the electrodes for the
`electrocardiogram signals generated by the subject,
`each of the electrodes includes a highly electrically
`conductive gel which adheresto the skin of the subject
`while moistened. Moistening of the gel can occur by
`applying water from an external source, or in response
`to perspiration from the subject. In a preferred embodi-
`ment, the gel includes karaya gum and glycerin.
`Associated with each electrode is a lead wire and a
`shield for the lead wire or a commonshieldforall of the
`lead wires. Because the three lead wires and the shield
`are connected to three sets of input terminals of an
`electronic instrument housing, there is a tendency for
`the grounded shield voltage to vary relative to ground
`of the housing. To obviate this problem, a common
`mode rejection circuit includes a ground terminal for
`the lead of one of the electrodes. The lead wires for the
`other two electrodes are connected to a differential
`amplifier arrangement. In the preferred configuration,
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`the differential amplifier means includes a buffer ampli-
`fier for the. voltages applied to the two leads and a dif-
`ferential amplifier responsive to the output voltages of
`the two buffer amplifiers. The differential amplifier is
`referenced to ground to provide the common mode
`rejection for voltages generated by the electrodes.
`An alternative arrangement for monitoring heart
`beats employs photo-plethysmography wherein infra
`red absorption properties by capillaries in the skin of the
`subject are monitored by an infra red source and detec-
`tor. The detector derives a pulse for each heart beat and
`avoids the necessity for a harness carrying electrodes
`and the accompanying circuitry.
`The visual
`indicator is preferably a liquid crystal
`display (LCD)or a light emitting diode (LED)display
`for digital numeral indicating signals derived by the
`computer. Different signals are applied to the visual
`indicator on a selective basis to enable the subject and-
`/or physician to be apprised of various aspects of the
`physical condition of the subject. If the subject is run-
`ning, walking, or jogging, the signal indicative of dis-
`tance traversed by a limb of the subject is derived by a
`pedometer. In this case, the indicatoris selectively re-
`sponsive to signals indicative of heart beats per minute,
`elapsed time’ of the exercise interval, the distance tra-
`versed by the subject, the numberofcalories used by
`the subject during the interval, the rate of speed of the
`subject during the interval, and a fitness factor which is
`a function of maximum oxygen uptake. The distance
`transversed, consumption of calories and fitness factor
`are calculated by the computer in response to entry on
`a keyboard of the physiological parameters of sex, age,
`resting heart rate, weight, and stride of the subject.
`Theaural indicator signals heart beat rate to the sub-
`ject in response to entry on the keyboard of minimum
`heart rate and can provide the subject with an indica-
`tion that heis exercising at an excessive rate in response
`to entry on the keyboard of maximum heart rate. In
`particular, the aural indicator is pulsed in response to
`each heart beat when the computer is responsive to at
`least a predetermined numberof heart beats in a prede-
`termined interval. The aural indicator is continuously
`activated in response to the heart beat rate exceeding a
`predetermined level, as indicated by the computer
`means.
`In accordance with a further feature of the invention,
`the computer means includes a memorythat is supplied
`with signals indicative of the predetermined, constant
`physiological parameters. By activating a power down
`key on the keyboard the memory continuesto store the
`signals indicative of the predetermined, constant physi-
`ological parameters even when a DC powersupply for
`each of the computer means, signal deriving means and
`indicator means is decoupled from the remainderof the
`computer means, as well as signal deriving means and
`indicator means. It is, however, possible to supply new
`signals to the computer memoryindicative of the prede-
`termined, constant physiological parameters of the sub-
`ject, as desired.
`the signal deriving
`In a preferred configuration,
`means, visual and aural indicators, computer means and
`pedometerare all located in an electronic instrument
`housing adapted to be mounted on the subject. The
`electronic instrument housing includes a keyboard for
`enabling derivation of signals indicative of numerical
`quantities associated with.a plurality of physiological
`parametersof the subject, as well as plural key switches,
`each associated with a different one of the physical
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`activities. Thus, the-electrdnic instrument housing con-
`BEST MODEFOR CARRYING OUT THE
`tains all of the structure, except for the electrodes, nec-
`_, INVENTION:
`essary to provide the'subject and/or physician with an
`Referenceiis-now: made to. FIGS...1 and 2 wherein
`indication of the physical condition of thesubject. The
`instrument housing can be connected bya Jack to a
`there.are respectively illustrated female and male ath-
`letes equipped -with the present invention. The female
`conventional'EKG monitoring device.
`and male athletes respectively wear garments 11 and 12,
`It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention
`each carrying three.electrodes 13-15 whichare pressed
`to provide a new and improved apparatusfortesting the
`by the garments. against the skin of the athlete. Each
`physical condition of a human subject.
`athlete also wears.a waist band whichcarries electronic
`An additional object of the invention is to provide a
`instrument housing-17, connectedto the electrodes by a
`new and improved apparatus for indicating physical
`suitable cable or lead wire arrangement. For the female
`condition of a subject in response to signals indicativeof
`athlete, the garment is a brassiere 11, preferably of the
`heart activity of the,subject and distance traversedbya
`type known as a “running bra” which minimizes breast
`limb of a subject. during testing. '
`bouncing,skin irritation and collagen tissue breakdown
`Another object of the invention:is to provide anew
`of the breasts. For the male athlete, the garment is a
`and improved programmable apparatus for testing the
`chest strap 12, worn slightly above the vicinity of the
`physical condition of a subject, which-apparatus can be
`male breast. Each of garments 11.and 12 carries three
`worn on the subject: and provide the subject and/or ,
`electrodes 13, 14.and 15 which are electrically con-
`20
`others with visual and. aural indications:of his physical
`nected to the skin ofthe athlete,i.e., subject being tested
`condition:and -whether‘he is exceeding his physical
`for. physical condition,
`to. supply electrocardiogram
`capabilities.
`voltages generated by the subject to leads which extend
`Still another. object of the invention is to provide a
`to electronic instrument housing 17, which is mounted
`on the waist band. Each ofbrassiere 11 and chest strap
`portable apparatus which cafi be worn by a jogger,
`12.is provided with a fastener which firmly secures the
`walker, hiker, or runner, which apparatus provides the
`brassiere or chest strap to the chest of the subject so that
`subject with an indication of his‘ heart beat per minute,
`electrode.13 abuts on skin just below the right chest
`miles traversed, speéd oftraversal, length of exercise
`period, calorie consumption, and, upon completion of
`quadrant of the subject, electrode 14 abuts on. skin
`against the sternum ofthe subject, in the center of the
`12 minutes of maximum activity, his fitness based on
`chest of the subject, and electrode 15 abuts on skin
`maximumoxygen uptake.
`The aboveand,still further objects, features and ad-
`against the rib cage, in the vicinity of the heart of the
`subject.
`vantages of the present invention will become apparent
`oA preferred configuration for. each of electrodes
`upon consideration of the following detailed description’
`13--15 is illustrated in FIG.:3 and includes a generally
`of. several specific embodiments.thereof, especially
`35
`square layer 21 of a gel which is highly electrically
`_ when taken in consideration, with the accompanying
`conductive and adheres to the skin of the subject while
`drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS|
`moistened. Layer 21is illustrated as being of generally
`square configuration, but is is to be understood thatit
`can take. any suitable geometry, having sufficient
`FIG.1 is an illustration of a female jogger, runner,
`contact area on a face adapted to contact theskin of the
`hiker or walker equipped with the apparatus of the
`subject. On the face of layer 21 opposite from the face
`present invention;
`adapted to contact the skin of the subject is a metal
`FIG.2 isa diagram of a male jogger, runner, hiker or
`mesh layer 22 of stainless steel or soft annealed brass
`walker équipped with the apparatus of the present in-
`carrying an impreganted film of silver-silver chloride.
`vention;
`Layer 22includes a central button 23 which is secured
`FIG.3 is a perspective view ofelectrodes mounted iin
`to. lead wire 24 of a shielded or unshielded cable that is
`connected to.a reference potential (preferably zero or
`garments worn by the test subjects of FIGS. 1 or 2;
`ground voltage) within instrument housing 17. Lead
`FIG. 4 is a‘generally front, perspective view of an
`wire. 24 for each of electrodes 13-15 has its own sepa-
`electronic instrument housing for a portion:of the appa-
`rate shield in one. embodiment, or, in another embodi-
`ratusof the present.invention; —
`ment, the lead wires for the various electrodes have a
`FIGS.5 and 5a are back views of alternative embodi-
`common shield in.a single cable; however the latter
`ments of the instrument housing illustratediin FIG.4;
`configuration may havedeleterious results due to cross
`FIGS.6, 7 and8areillustrations ofvarious pedome-
`coupling of signals transduced by electrodes 13~15.
`ters that:can be mounted iin the housing ofFIGS.4 and
`35
`In a preferred configuration, gel layer 21 is composed
`53.
`of the following ingredients:
`IG. 9isa perspective view ofan electrode carrying
`Karaya gum, a hydrophilic gum which is carbohy-
`chest strap in combination with a cable and theinstru-
`drate polymer exuded from certain Indian trees of the
`ment housing;-
`FIG..10 is.a circuit diagram ofthe electrocardiogram :
`genus sterculia, 33 percent by weight;
`Glycerin, 60 percent by weight;
`amplifier and. filter: circuitry. in the. instrument housing
`Ethanol,.1. percent by weight;.
`Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.01 percent by weight;
`of FIG:-4; :
`‘FIGS: lia and 118, together form a blockdiagram of
`Propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.01 percent by weight;
`‘the. apparatuscontained in: the instrument housing, as
`Sodium chloride, .4-percent by weight;
`well as of the electrodes; and
`Potassium chloride;:2-percent by weight. .
`FIGS.--12: and. 13 areillustrations of alternative de-
`The Karaya gum forms.a highly electrically: conductive
`vices for monitoring heart beatss using photo-plethys-
`translucent colloidal. gel.when. mixed with the remain-
`mography:’
`ing ingredients. Layer.21 has an area of approximately
`
`.F
`
`—
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1012 Page 11
`
`IPR2018-00294
`Apple Inc. EX1012 Page 11
`
`

`

`4,367,752
`
`7
`four centimeters by four centimeters, and a two millime-
`ter thickness. If desired or necessary,
`layers 21 are
`moistened with water or a saline solution prior to the
`subject securing brassiere 11 or chest strap 12 in place.
`Alternatively, layer 21 can remain dry priorto installa-
`tion and can be moistened by perspiration from the skin
`of the subject.
`It is to be understood that other electrodes can be
`utilized in lieu of the electrodes specifically illustrated
`in FIG.3. In particular, an In-Vivo Metric Systems type
`E221 electrode or a Beckman Instruments Company
`type 650437 electrode could be employed. If either of
`these electrodes is employed, however, an electrolyte
`gel must be employed to provide proper coupling of the
`electrocardiogram voltage to lead 24.
`Reference is now madeto FIGS. 4 and 5 of the draw-
`ings wherein there is illustrated the exterior of elec-
`tronic instrument housing 17 which is carried on waist
`band 16. Inside of housing 17 is located electronic cir-
`cuitry which is reponsive to signals derived from elec-
`trodes 13-15, an instrument for deriving a signal indica-
`tive of the distance traversed by a limb of the subject
`being tested (generally a pedometer which counts the
`numberofstrides taken by the subject), a clock source
`for deriving a timing signal, and digital computer means
`responsive to the electrode signals, the distance tra-
`versed signal, the timing signal, as well as predeter-
`mined physiological parameters of the subject. The
`computer meansderives a signal which is indicative of
`the physical activity of the subject being tested and
`supplies the signal to an indicator, in the form ofa liquid
`crystal digital display 31 mounted on the top face of
`housing 17. Housing 17 is shaped generally as a right
`parallelepiped, having approximately a six inch length,
`three inch width, and one inch thickness.
`Physiological data concerning the subject being
`tested are entered into the computer means with key-
`board 32 on the back face of housing 17,i.e., the face of
`the housing which is remote from the body of the sub-
`ject being tested. Keyboard 32 includes a matrix of keys
`which enable differing predetermined, constant physio-
`logical parameters and differing numbers relative to
`some of these parameters to be entered into the com-
`puter. Other keys and slide switch 33 are provided for
`functions associated with the types of indications (aural
`and/or visual) which are provided by housing 17 and
`data storage in a memory of the computer means in-
`cluded in the housing. The predetermined, constant
`physiological functions which can be entered are age,
`sex, male, female, weight, fitness factor, and stride of
`the subject, entries respectively associated with keys 34,
`35, 36, 37, 38 and 40. In addition, keys 41 and 42 are
`respectively associated with resting heart rate, low and
`high heart rates, in beats per minute, for the subject, as
`determined from a chart which is supplied to the tested
`subject or to a physician. Key 43 is for entry of a maxi-
`mum beat rate of 150 beats per minute, which has been
`clinically found to be a maximum heartrate for a signifi-
`cant (25%) of the population having a congenital heart
`defect.
`In general, an entry is made by depressing function
`key 45, then pressing a physiological key and keys asso-
`ciated with the particular physiological factor (e.g., 0-9
`numeral keys 45 or a specific sex key 36 or 37), in turn
`followed by pressing enter key 44. For example, if the
`subject is known to have the congenital heart defect,
`function key 45 is pressed, followed by pressing of key
`43, in turn followed by pressing of enter key 44. After
`
`8
`depression of function key 45 and sex key 35, one of
`male or female keys 36 or 37is pressed, in turn followed
`by depression of enter key 44. After depression of func-
`tion key 45 and one of keys 34 or 38-42, a numerical
`value is entered by depressing one or more of 0-9 nu-
`meral keys 45, which is followed by depressing enter
`key 44.
`Keyboard 32 includes three additional keys 46, 47 and
`48, respectively labeled “power down”, “clear” and
`“heart rate”. Depression of “power down” key enables
`the physiological parameters associated with the sub-
`ject to be stored in the memory of the computer means
`within housing 17 indefinitely, even when power is
`decoupled from the remainderoftheunit. If the physio-
`logical parameters of the subject changeor the deviceis
`used for a different subject, new parameters can be
`entered into the memory merely by pressing function
`key 45, the desired physiological key, the specific sex or
`numerical value keys, and enter key 44. Clear key 47is
`depressed whenit is desired to remove all entries from
`keyboard 32 and to clear display 31. Heart rate key 48 is
`depressed by the subject while he is in a rest condition
`and after brassiere 11 or chest strap 12 has been secured
`in place and leads 24 of electrodes 13-15 have been
`connected to input terminals of instrument housing 17.
`Onthe top face of instrument housing 17, in addition
`to liquid crystal digital display 31, are a liquid crystal
`display 51, in the form ofa heart, and a cloth or otherair
`pervious screen 52, which allows aural pulses and con-
`tinuous aural tones to be coupled exteriorly of housing
`17. Liquid crystal display 51 is activated at the samerate
`as heart beats of the subject. With slide switch 33 in the
`upper, “audio” position, an aural pulsed tone is coupled
`through screen 52 each time the heart of the subject
`beats, when the heart beat rate is greater than the rate
`whichis entered after depression of low rate key 41. A
`continuous aural tone is coupled through screen 52 in
`response to the heart beatrate of the subject exceeding
`a predetermined maximum, associated with entry of a
`numeral value, subsequent to depression of high rate
`key 42 or 150 rate key 43. The subject is advised to
`reducehis activity if he hears the continuous tone.
`Onthe upperface of housing 17 are 8 additional keys
`53-60, respectively associated with the output func-
`tions: distance traversed (P key 53), average speed (S
`key 54), calories or energy consumed(E key 55),fitness
`factor (F key 56), elapsed time of exercise (M key 57),
`stop time of exercise/store (SP key 58), beats/minute
`(key 59), and start time of exercise (ST key 60). In re-
`sponse to depression of stop time of exercise/store key
`58, followed by depression of one of keys 53-57, digital
`display 31 is activated to indicate the numerical value
`associated with the depressed key. Display 31 is sup-
`plied by the digital computer means in instrument hous-
`ing 17 with a signal derived directly from the pedome-
`ter and the stride length input from keyboard 32 in
`response to depression of keys 58 and 53. In response to
`depression of keys 58 and 54, the computer means in
`instrument housing 17 responds to signals in the mem-
`ory thereof indicative of the calculated distance and
`elapsed time to supply display 31 with a signal indica-
`tive of the speed of the subject while running, jogging,
`walking or hiking. In response to depression of keys 58
`and 55, the computer respondsto thesignals from elec-
`trodes 13-15 and the elapsed time and