`
`MflflflAW-"lll
`Illcnnunnv or
` Scrum“: nun
`*
`Iruumnnl
`lrnms
`
`I
`
`liflll illililln/
`
`Sybil P. Parker
`Editor in Chief
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`San Francisco
`Washington, DC.
`' New York
`Lisbon
`London
`Madrid
`Caracas
`Bogota
`New Delhi
`San Juan
`Singapore
`Sydney
`
`Milan
`Mexico City
`Tokyo
`Toronto
`
`Auckland
`Montreal
`
`APPL-1009 / Page 1 of3
`Apple v. Uniloc
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`APPL-1009 / Page 1 of 3
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`

`

`
`
`On the cover: Photomicrograph of crystals of vitamin 8,.
`(Dennis Kunkel, Unlverslty of Hawaii )
`
`Included in this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previously in the following works: P. B.
`Jordain, Condensed Compater Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. I.
`Markus, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 4th ed., Copyright © 1960, 1966, 1978 by McGraw—Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. I. Quick, Artists' and Illustrators’ Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw—Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 3d ed., Copyright © 1956, 1972 by McGraw-Hill. Inc. All
`rights reserved T. Baumeister and L. S. Marks, eds., Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 7th ed.,
`Copyright © 1958, 1967 by MCGraw—Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology,
`American Meteorological Society, 1959; U.S. Air Force Glossary ofStandardIzed Terms, AF Manual 11- 1, vol.
`1 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3 1970; W. H. ‘Allen, ed., Dictionary
`of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, lst ed., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; I. M.
`Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech-
`nical Report 67158, 1967; Glossary ofAir Traffic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary ofRange
`Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; A DOD
`Glossary ofMappmg, Charting and Geodetic Terms, lst ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W Thrush, comp.
`and ed., A Dictionary ofMining, Mineral, andRelated Terms, Bureau of Mines 1968; Nuclear Terms. A Glossary,
`2d ed., Atomic Energy Commission; F Casey, ed. Compilatzon of Terms in Information Sciences Technology,
`Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary ofStI'nfo Terminology Office of Aerospace Research
`U.S. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary ofElectronic Technical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Person-
`nel, 1962; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097.
`/
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fifth Edition
`Copyright © 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw—Hill,1nc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
`States of America Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributedIn any form or by any means, or storedIn a database or retrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
`
`DOW/DOW‘
`
`.99876543
`
`ISBN 0—07-042333—4
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms/
`Sybil P. Parker, editor in chief..—51h ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07—042333-4
`1. Science—Dictionaries.
`I. Parker, Sybil P.
`Q123.M34
`1993
`503—dc20
`
`2. TechnologyaDictionaries.
`
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`INTERNATIONAL EDITION
`
`Copyright © 1994, Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re—
`exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw—Hill. The International Edition is not available in
`North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-1 135841.
`
`APPL-1009 / Page 2 of 3
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`

`

`
`
`165
`
`avant-corps
`
`aviation weather observation
`
`front of an avalanche of dry snow or in front of a landslide.
`{
`'av-ellanch Iwind ]
`avant-corps
`[ARCH] That part of a building which projects
`prominently from the main mass, for example, a pavilion.
`[ ‘ayiint'kOr ]
`AVC See automatic volume control.
`aV/cm See abvolt per centimeter.
`aven [GEOL] See pothole.
`[MIN ENG] A vertical shaft lead—
`ing upward from a cave passage, sometimes connecting with
`passages above.
`{
`'av-en ]
`Avena [BOT] A genus of grasses (family Gramineae), includ—
`ing oats, characterized by an inflorescence that is loosely panic-
`ulate,
`two-toothed lemmas, and deeply furrowed grains.
`{ e'ven-a ]
`{ e'vén‘en ]
`avenln [BIOCHEM] The glutelin of oats.
`aventurine [MINERAL]
`1. A glass or mineral containing spar-
`kling gold-colored particles, usually copper or chromic oxide.
`2. A shiny red or green translucent quartz having small, but
`microscopically visible, exsolved hematite or included mica
`particles.
`{ 9'vench-e,rén }
`{ ‘av-rij }
`average See arithmetic mean.
`[ENG ACOUS] Vibratory energy
`average acoustic output
`output of a transducer measured by a radiation pressure balance;
`expressed in terms of watts per unit area of the transducer face.
`{
`'av-rij o'kii-stik 'aut,pr'rt ]
`average assay value
`[MIN ENG] The weighted result of as-
`says obtained from a number of samples by multiplying the
`assay value of each sample by the width or thickness of the ore
`face over which it is taken and dividing the sum of these products
`by the total width of cross section sampled.
`[
`'av-rij 'a.sa .val-
`yii l
`[NAV] A line extending through a four-
`average blsector
`course radio range station into opposing quadrants and midway
`between the lines (and their extensions) bisecting these two
`quadrants; used when the courses are not symmetrical.
`[
`'av-
`rij 'bi,sek'tar I
`_
`average bond dissociation energy [PHYS cHEM] The av-
`erage value of the bond dissociation energies associated with
`the homolytic cleavage of several bonds of a set of equivalent
`bonds of a molecule. Also known as bond energy.
`(
`lav-rij
`{band disc-sé'z‘t-shon ,en-ar-je }
`average-calculating operation [comrur scr] A common or
`typical calculating operation longer than an addition and shorter
`than a multiplication; often taken as the mean of nine additions
`and one multiplication.
`]
`'av-rij [kal-kyaJad‘irJ .ap-e.ra'shen ]
`average curvature [MATH] For a given are of a plane curve,
`the ratio of the change in inclination of the tangent to the curve,
`over the arc, to the arc length.
`{ lav-rij 'karv-o‘char ]
`average deviation [MATH]
`In statistics, the average or arith-
`metic mean of the deviation, taken without regard to sign, from
`some fixed value, usually the arithmetic mean of the data. Ab-
`breviated AD. Also known as mean deviation.
`[ ‘av-rij ,de~
`vé'a-shsn }
`average discount factor See discount factor.
`,kaunt ,fak-tar }
`[COMPUT set] The imaginary line which
`average-edge line
`traces or smooths the shape of any written or printed character
`to be recognized by a computer through optical, magnetic, or
`other means.
`{ ’av-rij :ej Ilin ]
`average effectiveness level See effectiveness level.
`i'fek-tiV‘nes ,lev-el ]
`'
`average gradient
`[GRAPHICS] A measure of contrast'in a
`photographic image, expressed as the slope of a straight line
`joining two density points on the sensitornetric curve.
`{
`'aV‘rij
`'grad'é-ant ]
`average heading [NAV] The average heading flown for a
`given period; it should be the same value as desired heading if
`the drift was predicted accurately.
`{
`'av~rij 'hed~ir_t
`]
`average Igneous rock [PETR] A hypothetical rock whose
`composition is thought to be similar to the average chemical
`composition of the outermost 10-mile (lo-kilometer) shell of
`the earth.
`{
`'av-rij 'ig-néas 'rak }
`average information content
`[COMMUN] The average of the
`information content per symbol emitted from a source.
`[ ‘av-
`rij ,in-far‘ma-shen Ikiin-tent ]
`'av~rij 'lif }
`{
`average life See mean life.
`averagelimitot ice [OCEANOGR] The average seawardextent
`of ice formation during a normal winter.
`{
`'av-rij 'lim-ot ev
`'is ]
`
`{
`
`'av'rij 'dis
`
`]
`
`'av-rij
`
`’
`
`[ORG CHEM] Thecalculatednum~
`average molecularweight
`her to average the molecular weights of the varying-length pol-
`ymer chains present in a polymer mixture.
`[
`'av-rij mo'lek-yg.
`lar 'wat }
`average noise figure [ELECTR] Ratio in a nansducer of total
`output noise power to the portion thereof attributable to thermal
`noise in the input termination, the total noise being summed
`over frequencies from zero to infinity, and the noise temperam,e
`of the input termination being standard (290 K).
`[
`'av'rij 'noiz
`t
`Jig-yer l
`[1ND ENG] The average qua].
`average outgoing quality limit
`ity of all lots that pass quality inspection, expressed in terms of
`percent defective. Abbreviated AOQL.
`[
`‘av-rij “autlga-ig
`'kwiil-od‘é .lim-at ]
`[ELECTR] Radio-frequency power, in
`average power output
`an audio-modulation transmitter, delivered to the transmiucI
`output terminals, averaged over a modulation cycle.
`{
`'av'n'j
`'pau-er 'aut,put }
`[IND ENG] An anticipated number
`average sample number
`of pieces that must be inspected to determine the acceptability
`of aparticular lot.
`{
`'av-rij {sam-pol .nom-bar ]
`average wind
`[NAV]
`In air navigation, the resultant wind
`which would produce, or has produced, the same wind effect
`during a given period as the summation of the actual Winds
`which will affect, or have affected, the flight of an aircraft.
`{ 'av-rij 'wind }
`.
`averaging [CONT svs] The reduction of noise received bya
`robot sensor by screening it over a period of time.
`[
`'av- rij-
`ir] }
`,
`averaging device
`[Em] A device for obtaining the arith-
`metic mean of a number of readings, as on a bubble sextant.
`{
`'av-rij'irJ di'vis }
`‘
`averaging pitot tube [ENG] A flowmeter that consists of a
`rod extending across a pipe with several interconnected up
`stream holes which simulate an array of pitot tubes across the
`pipe, and a downstream hole for the static pressure reference.
`{
`'av‘rij-ir) .peta .tub }
`.
`aversion therapy [PSYCH] A behavior therapy technique in-
`tended to suppress undesirable behavior by pairing a stimulus
`associated with an undesirable behavior together with a painful
`or unpleasant stimulus.
`{ e'ver-zhan .tliera'pé ]
`aversive behavior
`[PSYCH] Avoidance behavior.
`iv bi'hav-yer }
`Aves
`[VERT zoo] , A class of animals composed of the birds.
`which are warm—blooded, egg-laying vertebrates primarily
`adapted for flying.
`[
`'filvéz }
`'av,gas ]
`{
`avgas See aviation gasoline.
`avlanize [VIROL] To attenuate a virus by repeated culture on
`chick embryos.
`{
`'av‘e-eniz }
`avian Ieukosis
`[var MED] A disease complex in fowl prob-
`ably caused by viruses and characterized by autonomous prolif-
`eration of blood-forming cells.
`{ ‘av-é-on lii'koses ]
`avian pneumoencephalitis See Newcastle disease.
`:nii-morinsef'e'lid-as }
`avian pseudoplague See Newcastle disease.
`6.13152; }
`avian tuberculosis [VET MED] A tuberculosis-like mycobaf'
`terial disease of fowl caused by Mycobacterium avium.
`l I“
`e-en taber‘kye'lo-ses l
`1. The science and technology of flith‘
`aviation [AERO ENG]
`through the air. 2. The world of airplane business and its allled
`industries.
`[ la-ve'a‘shen ]
`..
`aviation gasoline
`[MATER] Stable fuel with high volatilll)
`and high octane, especially suited for use in aircraft reciprocal”
`ing engines. Abbreviated avgas.
`{ .awe'a-shen ,gas-a'léni
`aviation medicine See aerospace medicine.
`{
`,a-vé‘i‘l‘shiJr
`'med-e-son }
`v
`‘
`,
`aviation method
`[ENG] Determination of knock—limitlfli
`power, under lean—mixture conditions, of fuels used in Si?ar
`ignition aircraft engines.
`{ .a-vé'a'shen 'meth'ad }
`aviation mix
`[MATER] Antiknock fluid containing “I”
`ethyllead, ethylene dibromide, and dye; used in aviation 8350
`line.
`[ .a-vé'z'rshan 'miks }
`[METEOROL] A forecast “
`aviation weather forecast
`weather elements of particular interest to aviation, such as
`ceiling, visibility, upper winds, icing, turbulence, and We“.
`precipitation or storms. Also known as airways forecast
`[
`'
`ve‘a-shen :weg-er IforJtast }
`.
`aviation weather observation [METEOROL] An evaluallun
`
`[ 'aV'é'9“
`
`{ ‘av-é-an W
`
`( a'van-
`
`APPL-1009 / Page 3 of 3
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`APPL-1009 / Page 3 of 3
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