`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`ZTE (USA) Inc.,
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc.,
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`Fundamental Innovation Systems International LLC,
`
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,239,111 B2
`
`Case No. IPR2018-00276
`
`
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`II.
`
`III.
`
`
`Table of Contents
`
` I. Mandatory notices (37 C.F.R. § 42.8) .....................................................1
`A.
`Real parties-in-interest (§ 42.8(b)(1)).............................................1
`B.
`Related matters (§ 42.8(b)(2)).......................................................1
`C.
`Counsel information (§ 42.8(b)(3))................................................2
`Requirements for inter partes review ......................................................2
`A. Grounds for standing (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a)) .................................2
`B.
`Identification of challenge (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b))..........................3
`1.
`Challenged claims (§ 42.104(b)(1)) ......................................3
`2.
`Prior art and statutory grounds (§ 42.104(b)(2)) .....................3
`3.
`Claim construction (§ 42.104(b)(3)) .....................................5
`4.
`How the claims are unpatentable (§ 42.104(b)(4)) ..................7
`Fee payment (37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a))...............................................7
`C.
`’111 patent background ........................................................................7
`A.
`Summary ...................................................................................7
`B.
`Prosecution history .....................................................................8
`C.
`Priority date ...............................................................................9
`IV. Technology background .......................................................................9
`A.
`Person of ordinary skill in the art ..................................................9
`B.
`State of the art .......................................................................... 10
`V. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6-8, and 16-18 are obvious in light of Theobald
`and Shiga.......................................................................................... 18
`A.
`Theobald ................................................................................. 18
`1.
`Resistor embodiment ........................................................ 20
`2.
`Controller embodiment ..................................................... 23
`Shiga....................................................................................... 26
`B.
`Theobald/Shiga combination ...................................................... 29
`C.
`D. Application of the Theobald/Shiga combination to claims 1-3, 6-7,
`and 16-18................................................................................. 39
`
`Patent 7,239,111 B2
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`Table of Contents
`(continued)
`
`Claim 1 .......................................................................... 39
`1.
`Claim 2 .......................................................................... 47
`2.
`Claim 3 .......................................................................... 48
`3.
`Claim 6 .......................................................................... 49
`4.
`Claim 7 .......................................................................... 50
`5.
`Claim 8 .......................................................................... 51
`6.
`Claim 16......................................................................... 52
`7.
`Claim 17......................................................................... 53
`8.
`Claim 18......................................................................... 55
`9.
`VI. Ground 2: Claim 15 is obvious over Theobald in light of Shiga and
`Kfoury ............................................................................................. 57
`A. Kfoury .................................................................................... 57
`B.
`Theobald/Shiga/Kfoury Combination .......................................... 58
`C. Application of the Theobald/Shiga/Kfoury Combination to Claim
`15 ........................................................................................... 61
`1.
`Claim 15......................................................................... 61
`VII. Ground 3: Claims 12 and 14 are obvious over Dougherty in light of
`Hahn and Amoni ............................................................................... 65
`A. Dougherty................................................................................ 65
`B. Hahn ....................................................................................... 69
`C. Dougherty/Hahn Combination .................................................... 71
`1.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty/Hahn ................................ 72
`2.
`Reasons to Combine Dougherty/Hahn with the
`Teachings of Amoni ......................................................... 74
`D. Application of the Dougherty/Hahn/Amoni Combination to Claims
`12 and 14 ................................................................................. 75
`1.
`Claim 12......................................................................... 75
`2.
`Claim 14......................................................................... 85
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`Patent 7,239,111 B2
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`Table of Contents
`(continued)
`
`VIII. Conclusion........................................................................................ 86
`
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`Patent 7,239,111 B2
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`Exhibit List
`
`Exhibit
`
`Description
`
`1001
`
`1002
`
`1003
`
`1004
`
`1005
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`
`1011
`
`1012
`
`1013
`
`1014
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`U.S. Patent 7,239,111 (“’111 patent”)
`
`File History of U.S. Patent 7,239,111 (“’111 file history”)
`
`U.S. Provisional Application 60/273,021 (“’021 provisional”)
`
`U.S. Provisional Application 60/330,486 (“’486 provisional”)
`
`U.S. Patent 5,925,942 (“Theobald”)
`
`U.S. Patent 6,625,738 (“Shiga”)
`
`Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 1.1 (“USB 1.1”)
`
`Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0 (“USB 2.0”)
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier in Support of the Petition for Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent 7,239,111 (“Geier”)
`
`[intentionally left blank]
`
`[intentionally left blank]
`
`[intentionally left blank]
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,360,004 (“Dougherty”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,973,948 (“Hahn”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,884,086 (“Amoni”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,049,192 (“Kfoury”)
`
`Patent 7,239,111 B2
`
`iv
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`Petitioner, ZTE (USA) Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and Samsung
`
`Electronics America, Inc., requests inter partes review (“IPR”) of claims 1-3, 6-8,
`
`12, and 14-18 of U.S. Patent No. 7,239,111 B2 (“the ’111 patent”). As explained
`
`below, there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner will prevail on at least one
`
`claim challenged in this petition.
`
`I. Mandatory notices (37 C.F.R. § 42.8)
`
`A. Real parties-in-interest (§ 42.8(b)(1))
`
`ZTE Corporation, ZTE (USA) Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and
`
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc., are the real parties-in-interest.
`
`B. Related matters (§ 42.8(b)(2))
`
`The ’111 patent is the subject of Civil Action Nos. 2:17-cv-00145-JRG,
`
`2:16-cv-01424-JRG-RSP, and 2:16-cv-01425-JRG-RSP, which are pending in the
`
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, and Civil Action No. 3:17-cv-
`
`01827-N, which is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of
`
`Texas. 1 The ’111 patent is also subject to IPR2018-00487 and IPR2018-00495,
`
`filed January 12, 2018 and January 15, 2018, respectively, by different petitioners. 2
`
`Patents related to the ‘111 patent are subject to the following IPR
`
`
`1 The unpatentability positons herein take into account Patent Owner’s
`infringement positions in the co-pending litigation and in some instances are based
`in-part on these positions.
`2 Petitioner was not involved with the preparation or filing of the IPR2018-00487
`and IPR2018-00495 petitions.
`
`Patent 7,239,111 B2
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`
`
`proceedings.
`
`Patent
`6,936,936
`
`7,834,586
`
`8,232,766
`
`8,624,550
`
`
`
`IPR Case No.
`IPR2018-00605
`IPR2018-00606
`IPR2018-00607
`IPR2018-00274
`IPR2018-00485
`IPR2018-00493
`IPR2018-00214
`IPR2018-00215
`IPR2018-00472
`IPR2018-00110
`IPR2018-00111
`IPR2018-00460
`
`Petitioner is unaware of any other pending matter that would affect, or by
`
`affected by, a decision in this proceeding.
`
`C. Counsel information (§ 42.8(b)(3))
`
`Lead counsel is Charles M. McMahon. Back-up counsel are Hersh H.
`
`Mehta, Gregory S. Arovas, Robert A. Appleby, Todd M. Friedman, Eugene
`
`Goryunov, and Alan Rabinowitz. Petitioner consents to e-mail service. The service
`
`information is identified in the signature block of this petition.
`
`II. Requirements for inter partes review
`A. Grounds for standing (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a))
`
`Petitioner certifies that: (i) the ’111 patent is available for IPR and
`
`(ii) Petitioner is not barred or estopped from requesting an IPR challenging the
`
`’111 patent’s claims. Specifically, Petitioner certifies that: (1) no Petitioner entity
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`or real party-in-interest has filed a civil action challenging the validity of any claim
`
`of the ’111 patent; (2) Petitioner filed this petition within one year of the date they
`
`were served with a complaint asserting infringement of the ’111 patent; and (3) the
`
`estoppel provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 315(e)(1) do not prohibit this IPR.
`
`B.
`
`Identification of challenge (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b))
`
`1.
`
`Challenged claims (§ 42.104(b)(1))
`
`Petitioner challenges claims 1-3, 6-8, 12, and 14-18 of the ’111 patent.
`
`2.
`
`Prior art and statutory grounds (§ 42.104(b)(2))
`
`Petitioner requests that the Board review and cancel claims 1-3, 6-8, 12, and
`
`14-18 of the ’111 patent on the following grounds:
`
`• Ground 1: Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 103(a), claims 1-3, 6-8, and 16-18
`
`are obvious in light of U.S. Patent No. 5,925,942 (Exhibit 1005,
`
`“Theobald”), prior art under at least § 102(b), 3 and U.S. Patent No.
`
`6,625,738 (Exhibit 1006, “Shiga”), prior art under at least § 102(e). 4
`
`• Ground 2: Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 103(a), claim 15 is obvious over
`
`Theobald, Shiga and U.S. Patent No. 6,049,192 (Ex. 1016, “Kfoury”),
`
`
`3 Theobald’s patent date, July 20, 1999, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001, by more than one year.
`4 Shiga’s filing date, December 6, 1999, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001.
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`prior art under at least § 102(e). 5
`
`• Ground 3: Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 103(a), claims 12 and 14 are
`
`obvious over U.S. Patent No. 7,360,004 (Exhibit 1013, “Dougherty”),
`
`prior art under at least § 102(e), 6 in light of U.S. Patent No. 5,973,948
`
`(Ex. 1014, “Hahn”), prior art under at least § 102(b), 7 and U.S. Patent
`
`No. 5,884,086 (Ex. 1015, “Amoni”), prior art under at least § 102(b). 8
`
`This petition is proper under 35 U.S.C. § 314(a) and General Plastic
`
`Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, IPR2016-01357, Paper 19
`
`(P.T.A.B. Sept. 6, 2017) (precedential). Two different petitioners filed petitions (in
`
`IPR2018-00487 and IPR2018-00495, respectively) challenging claims of the ’111
`
`patent (General Plastic factors 1 and 4). At this early stage, no response or Board
`
`decision has been filed in either proceeding (General Plastic factor 3). The present
`
`Petitioner was not involved with the preparation or filing of the IPR2018-00487 or
`
`IPR2018-00495 petitions (General Plastic factor 5). Petitioner does not expect that
`
`the minimal time between filing of the three petitions will affect the Board’s
`
`
`5 Kfoury’s filing date, March 18, 1999, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001.
`6 Dougherty’s filing date, June 30, 2000, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001.
`7 Hahn’s patent date, October 26, 1999, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001, by more than one year.
`8 Amoni’s patent date, March 16, 1999, predates the ’111 patent’s earliest claimed
`priority date, March 1, 2001, by more than one year.
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`resources because none of the petitions has been accorded a filing date and the
`
`petitions can readily be consolidated if the Board wishes to do so (General Plastic
`
`factors 6 and 7). Thus, at least General Plastic factors 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weigh in
`
`favor of instituting the present petition.
`
`This petition is also proper under § 325(d). During the ’111 patent’s
`
`prosecution, the examiner did not consider any of the prior art references that
`
`constitute the grounds presented in this petition. Mr. Geier’s declaration also was
`
`not before the examiner. Accordingly, the grounds in this petition do not present
`
`the same or substantially the same prior art or arguments as were previously
`
`presented to the Patent Office. In addition, this petition challenges a claim not
`
`challenged in the other two petitions. In short, this petition does not warrant the
`
`exercise of the Board’s discretion under § 325(d). See Comcast Cable Comms.
`
`LLC v. Rovi Guides, Inc., IPR2017-00939, Paper 11 at 36-38 (P.T.A.B. Sept. 11,
`
`2017); Juniper Networks, Inc. v. Mobile Telecommunications Techs., LLC,
`
`IPR2017-00642, Paper 24 at 8-9 (P.T.A.B. Jul. 7, 2017).
`
`3.
`
`Claim construction (§ 42.104(b)(3))
`
`The challenged claims receive the broadest reasonable interpretation (BRI)
`
`in light of the specification of the ’111 patent. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b). Under the
`
`BRI standard, Petitioner requests that the Board construe several means-plus-
`
`function terms in claim 18 of the ’111 patent: “means for receiving energy from a
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`power socket,” “means for regulating the received energy from the power socket to
`
`generate a power output,” “means for generating an identification signal that
`
`indicates to the mobile device that the power socket is not a USB hub or host,” and
`
`“means for coupling the power output and identification signal to the mobile
`
`device.”9 For purposes of this proceeding only, Petitioner adopts the functions and
`
`corresponding structures of the means-plus-function terms that have been
`
`construed in the related district court litigations.
`
`Term
`means for receiving energy
`from a power socket
`
`means for regulating the
`received energy from the
`power socket to generate a
`power output
`
`Proposed Construction
`Function: receiving energy from a power socket
`
`Corresponding Structure: a plug unit and/or plug
`adapter compatible with a North American power
`socket, a UK power socket, a European power
`socket, or a car power socket; and the equivalents
`thereof.
`
`Function: regulating the received energy from the
`power socket to generate a power output
`
`Corresponding Structure: power converter
`104/304 including at least one of a switching
`converter, a transformer, a DC source, a voltage
`regulator, a linear regulator, or rectifier; and the
`equivalents thereof.
`
`
`
`9 This petition uses italics to refer to claim language in the ’111 patent.
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`Term
`means for generating an
`identification signal that
`indicates to the mobile device
`that the power socket is not a
`USB hub or host
`
`means for coupling the power
`output and identification
`signal to the mobile device
`
`Proposed Construction
`Function: generating an identification signal that
`indicates to the mobile device that the power
`socket is not a USB hub or host
`
`Corresponding Structure: identification
`subsystem 108, and equivalents thereof.
`
`Function: coupling the power output and
`identification signal to the mobile device
`
`Corresponding Structure: USB connector 102
`and USB connector 54; and equivalents thereof.
`
`
`
`Petitioner expressly reserves its right to advance different constructions in
`
`the related district court cases, which employ a different claim construction
`
`standard.
`
`4. How the claims are unpatentable (§ 42.104(b)(4))
`
`Sections V-VII below explain how claims 1-3, 6-7, 12, and 14-18 of the
`
`’111 patent are unpatentable and identify where each claim element is found in the
`
`prior art.
`
`C.
`
`Fee payment (37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a))
`
`Petitioner authorizes the Office to charge the filing fee and any other
`
`necessary fee to Deposit Account 50-0417.
`
`III.
`
`’111 patent background
`
`A.
`
`Summary
`
`The ’111 patent relates to “[a]n adapter for providing a source of power to a
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`mobile device through an industry standard port.”10 The ’111 patent has 18 claims.
`
`B.
`
`Prosecution history
`
`The ’111 patent issued from U.S. Patent Application No. 11/175,885, which
`
`was filed on July 6, 2005. 11
`
`On November 20, 2005, the examiner rejected the pending claims based on
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,130,518 (“Gabehart”). 12 In response, the applicant argued that
`
`Gabeheart “does not disclose or suggest the generation of an identification signal
`
`which is configured to indicate to the mobile device that the power socket is not a
`
`USB host or hub.”13
`
`On April 4, 2006, the examiner issued another non-final rejection, this time
`
`rejecting the pending claims based on U.S. Patent App. Publication No.
`
`2004/0251878 (“Veselic”). 14 In response, the applicant argued that Veselic is not
`
`prior art. 15
`
`On August 24, 2006, the examiner rejected all pending claims based upon
`
`nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting over the claims of copending U.S.
`
`
`10 Ex. 1001 (’111 patent) 2:3-4.
`11 Ex. 1002 (’111 file history) 1.
`12 Id. 82-86.
`13 Id. 94-95.
`14 Id. 97-100.
`15 Id. 103-104.
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`App. No. 10/087,629. 16 In response, the applicant filed a terminal disclaimer. 17
`
`In response, the examiner issued a notice of allowance, 18 leading to the
`
`issuance of the ’111 patent. 19 Following the ’111 patent’s issuance, the applicant
`
`requested a certificate of correction to correct “minor and editorial” mistakes. 20 On
`
`December 18, 2007, the U.S. Patent Office issued a Certificate of Correction. 21
`
`C.
`
`Priority date
`
`The ’111 patent claims priority through a continuation to two provisional
`
`applications: (1) U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/273,021 (“the ’021
`
`provisional”) (Ex. 1003), filed March 1, 2001; and (2) U.S. Provisional
`
`Application No. 60/330,486 (“the ’486 provisional”) (Ex. 1004), filed October 23,
`
`2001. The grounds in this petition apply even if the claims are entitled to the
`
`March 1, 2001 filing date.
`
`IV. Technology background
`
`A.
`
`Person of ordinary skill in the art
`
`The person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) of the subject matter of
`
`the ’111 patent would have had a master’s degree in electrical engineering,
`
`
`16 Id. 125-128.
`17 Id. 133-139.
`18 Id. 144.
`19 Id. 162.
`20 Id. 163.
`21 Id. 167.
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`computer science, or a related field, plus 2-3 years of experience with Universal
`
`Serial Bus (“USB”). Along with this petition, Petitioner submits the declaration of
`
`James T. Geier, who has been a POSITA since at least the ’111 patent’s claimed
`
`priority date. 22
`
`B.
`
`State of the art
`
`As of March 1, 2001 (the ’111 patent’s claimed priority date), POSITAs
`
`would have had the following background knowledge of the state of the art.
`
`Since its inception in 1995, the USB Implementers Forum, Inc. (“USB-IF”)
`
`has been responsible for the advancement and adoption of USB technology. 23 As
`
`of December 2000, USB-IF had more than 900 member companies that helped
`
`facilitate the development of USB. 24
`
`USB-IF standardized USB technology in the USB specification and its
`
`various revisions. 25 On September 23, 1998, USB-IF released Universal Serial Bus
`
`Specification, Revision 1.1 (“USB 1.1”), which was widely adopted by industry
`
`leaders and consumers. 26 On April 27, 2000, USB-IF released USB Revision 2.0
`
`(“USB 2.0”). 27 Among USB 2.0’s improvements were faster speeds and additional
`
`
`22 Ex. 1009 (Geier) ¶¶ 3-6, 23.
`23 Id. ¶ 33.
`24 Id. ¶ 33.
`25 Id. ¶ 34.
`26 Id. ¶ 34.
`27 Id. ¶ 34 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 1).
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`functionality. 28 Like USB 1.1, USB 2.0 was widely adopted by the industry. 29
`
`USB 1.1 and 2.0 specified the architecture for a USB system. 30 Generally, a
`
`USB system includes a USB host, one or more USB devices, and a USB
`
`interconnect. 31 A USB host (e.g., a laptop computer system) interacts with USB
`
`devices and is responsible for tasks such as (i) detecting the attachment and
`
`removal of USB devices; (ii) managing control and data flow between the host and
`
`USB devices; (iii) collecting status and activity statistics; and (iv) providing power
`
`to attached USB devices. 32 A USB device connects to the USB host, and falls into
`
`one of two categories: (i) a hub, which has the ability to provide additional USB
`
`attachment points, or (ii) a function, which is a device that is able to transmit or
`
`receive data or control information over the USB bus (e.g., a peripheral device,
`
`such as a keyboard, mouse, or mobile phone). 33 A USB interconnect is the manner
`
`in which USB devices are connected and communicate with the host. 34 The
`
`following figure depicts a typical USB architectural configuration of a USB host,
`
`interconnect, and devices:35
`
`
`28 Id. ¶ 34.
`29 Id. ¶ 34.
`30 Id. ¶ 35.
`31 Id. ¶ 35 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 15; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 15).
`32 Id. ¶ 35 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 24; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 24).
`33 Id. ¶ 35 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 22-24; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 21-24).
`34 Id. ¶ 35 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 15; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 15).
`35 Id. ¶ 35 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 4-4).
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`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 4-4.
`
`
`
`USB 1.1 and 2.0 also specified the USB cable structure. 36 The USB cable
`
`“consist[ed] of four conductors, two power conductors, and two signal
`
`conductors.”37 The following figure from USB 2.0 depicts the four wires within a
`
`USB cable. 38
`
`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 4-2.
`
`
`
`
`36 Id. ¶ 36 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 86; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 74).
`37 Id. ¶ 36 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 86; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 74).
`38 Id. ¶ 36 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 4-2).
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`VBUS and GND deliver power, and D+ and D- carry signals for communication
`
`between a USB host and the connected device. 39
`
`USB 1.1 and 2.0 also specified the USB connector structure. 40 For example,
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`USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 specified Series “A” and Series “B” connectors. 41 “Table 6-
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`1 provides the standardized contact terminating assignments by numbers and
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`electrical value for Series ‘A’ and Series ‘B’ connectors.”42
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`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 4-2.
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`According to USB 1.1 and USB 2.0, “[a]ll USB devices must have the standard
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`
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`Series ‘A’ connector.”43 “The ‘B’ connector allows device vendors to provide a
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`standard detachable cable.”44
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`39 Id. ¶ 36 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 17-18; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 17).
`40 Id. ¶ 37 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 85, 94; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 73, 82).
`41 Id. ¶ 37.
`42 Id. ¶ 37 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 94; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 82).
`43 Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 85; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 73.
`44 Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 85; Ex. 1007 (USB 1.1) 73.
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`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figure 6-1.
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`USB 2.0 also specified how the USB host is to configure a USB device. For
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`
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`example, USB 2.0 stated that “[w]hen a USB device is attached to or removed
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`from the USB, the host uses a process known as bus enumeration to identify and
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`manage the device state changes necessary.”45 In its “Bus Enumeration” section,
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`USB 2.0 specified the bus-enumeration requirements, including eight actions taken
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`“[w]hen a USB device is attached to a powered port.”46
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`USB 2.0 also specified how to detect when a low- or high-speed USB device
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`is attached to a downstream facing port of a host or hub. 47 According to USB 2.0,
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`“[f]ull-speed devices are terminated . . . with the pull-up resistor [Rpu] on the D+
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`line.” This termination constitutes a hard-wired connection of a voltage level to the
`
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`45 Ex. 1009 (Geier) ¶ 38 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 243).
`46 Id. ¶ 38.
`47 Id. ¶ 39. (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 141).
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`D+ data line because, as USB 2.0 states, “[t]he voltage source on the pull-up
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`resistor [Rpu] must be derived or controlled by the power supplied on the USB
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`cable such that when VBUS is removed, the pull-up resistor does not supply current
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`on the data line to which it is attached.”48 Similarly, low speed devices are
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`terminated with a pull-up resistor, but are done so on the D- line (as opposed to the
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`D+ line). 49 This hard-wired connection of a voltage level to one or more USB data
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`lines through a pull-up resistor, Rpu, is illustrated by Figures 7-20 and 7-21 of USB
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`2.0, below:
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`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Figures 7-20 and 7-21.
`USB 2.0 also imposed certain current and voltage limits on VBUS. 50 For
`
`
`
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`48 Id. ¶ 39. (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 141).
`49 Id. ¶ 39. (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 141).
`50 Id. ¶ 40.
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`example, USB 2.0 limited a USB device’s current draw on VBUS to “one unit load
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`[i.e., 100 mA] or less until configured.”51 USB 2.0 also stated that “[d]epending on
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`the power capabilities of the port to which the device is attached, a USB device
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`may be able to draw up to five unit loads [i.e., 500 mA] from VBUS after
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`configuration.”52 As shown below, USB 2.0 also imposed a 5.25 V limit on the
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`VBUS line. 53
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`Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) Table 7-7 (in part).
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`USB 2.0 also specified different signaling states on the D+ and D- lines. 54
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`
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`Some of these states (e.g., Differential 0, Differential 1, Data J State, and Data K
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`State) transmit data while others (e.g., Single-ended 0, Single-Ended 1) are used as
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`specific signaling conditions. 55
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`POSITAs also understood that power could be delivered to more than one
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`USB port on a USB adapter or hub. For example, Amoni describes a USB-
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`51 Id. ¶ 40 (quoting Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 245).
`52 Id. ¶ 40.
`53 Id. ¶ 40 (quoting Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 175, 178).
`54 Id. ¶ 41 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 123).
`55 Id. ¶ 41 (citing Ex. 1008 (USB 2.0) 144-146, Table 7-2).
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`connected hub which “provides for the communication of auxiliary (non-standard
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`USB) voltage and current to downstream hub and peripheral devices . . . over an
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`enhanced USB connection, whereby standard USB signaling is provided along
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`with the auxiliary power.”56 Amoni’s auxiliary hub 300 “provides for three
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`auxiliary powered USB ports 303, 305 and 307, although more could be added.”57
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`Ex. 1015 (Amoni) FIG. 3 (annotated).
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`Amoni’s hub 300 “contains its own AC/DC power supply 301, which is
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`
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`capable of outputting at least one voltage other than 5 volts (i.e., at least one
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`auxiliary voltage) and can produce a plurality of voltages including the USB
`
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`56 Id. ¶ 42 (quoting Ex. 1015 (Amoni) 2:33-39).
`57 Ex. 1015 (Amoni) 5:11-12.
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`standard +5 volts” to the auxiliary USB ports 303, 305, and 307. 58 Through the use
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`of auxiliary USB ports, Amoni’s USB hub 300 may generate a range of power
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`outputs to connected auxiliary USB devices. 59
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`V. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6-8, and 16-18 are obvious in light of Theobald
`and Shiga
`
`A. Theobald
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`Theobald was not cited to the Patent Office or considered by the examiner
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`during the prosecution of the application that issued as the ’111 patent.
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`Theobald discloses the charging system shown below. 60
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`Ex. 1005 (Theobald) FIG. 1 (annotated).
`
`
`
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`58 Ex. 1015 (Amoni) 5:20-27.
`59 Ex. 1009 (Geier) 43 (citing Ex. 1015 (Amoni) 5:9-39).
`60 Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 2:17.
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`The charging system 100 includes a base station 101 (yellow) in wireless
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`communication with an electronic device 102 (green). 61 The device 102 is
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`connected to a battery 103 (blue) and an accessory 104 (red). 62 The device 102 has
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`a connector 122 “for physically and electrically connecting to the accessory 104.”63
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`While shown as a J3-type accessory connector, the connector 122 “may be any
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`other suitable multiple pin accessory connector having an external power supply
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`pin and at least one information pin.”64
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`The accessory 104 can be a mid-rate charger (which supplies current at 340
`
`mA), a fast-rate charger (which supplies current at 850 mA), or another charger
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`(which can supply current at a different amperage). 65 The connector 171 provides
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`external power (e.g., 110 V AC) from an outlet (e.g., a wall outlet) to the
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`transformer/regulator 172. 66 The transformer/regulator 172 outputs an external
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`power supply to the connector 173. 67 “In the illustrated embodiment, the external
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`power supply is a current limited constant voltage supply supplying an 8.6 V DC
`
`
`61 Id. 2:17-20.
`62 Id. 2:17-19.
`63 Id. 2:63-64.
`64 Id. 3:23-27 (emphasis added).
`65 Id. 4:31-32, 4:44-48.
`66 Id. 4:33-37.
`67 Id. 4:42-44.
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`output voltage for both the mid and fast rate chargers, a 340 mA current for the
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`mid rate charger, and a 850 mA current for the fast rate charger.”68
`
`The accessory 104 has circuitry for identifying the accessory 104 to the
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`device 102. 69 In one embodiment, the resistor 174 is used to identify the accessory
`
`104. 70 In another embodiment, the accessory circuitry 170 is used to identify the
`
`accessory. Each embodiment is discussed below.
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`1.
`
`Resistor embodiment
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`In this embodiment, Theobald’s accessory 104 uses the resistor 174 but does
`
`not use the accessory circuitry 170 or its associated lines. 71
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`When the device 102 and accessory 104 are connected, the device 102 opens
`
`switches 141 and 142, 72 and current flows along the paths annotated below. 73
`
`
`68 Id. 4:44-48.
`69 Ex. 1009 (Geier) ¶ 48 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:3-13, 6:55-65).
`70 Id. ¶ 48 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:3-13).
`71 Id. ¶ 49 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:3-13, 5:20-6:45).
`72 Id. ¶ 50 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:37-52).
`73 Id. ¶ 50 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:36-6:18).
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`Ex. 1005 (Theobald) FIG. 1 (annotated).
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`The red path represents current that is used to charge the battery 103. 74 At this
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`
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`point, the charging current does not reach the battery 103 because switches 141
`
`and 142 are open. 75 The yellow path represents current that is used to identify the
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`accessory 104 to the device 102. 76 The identification current flows from the
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`transformer/regulator 172 through the resistor 174 to line 132. 77 The controller 108
`
`compares voltage on line 132 to values in a lookup table to determine what type of
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`charger the accessory 104 is. 78 As Theobald discloses, “one skilled in the art will
`
`recognize that the accessory lookup table could be made larger to contain
`
`
`74 Id. ¶ 50.
`75 Id. ¶ 50 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:36-58).
`76 Id. ¶ 50.
`77 Id. ¶ 50 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 5:59-6:18).
`78 Id. ¶ 50 (citing Ex. 1005 (Theobald) 6:19-33).
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`additional voltage level ranges and accessory identifies,