(12) United States Patent
`Amano et al.
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`*Jun. 5, 2001
`
`US006241684B1
`
`(54) EXERCISE WORKOUT SUPPORT DEVICE
`
`(75) Inventors: Kazuhiko Amano, SuWa; Kazuo
`Uebaba, Yokohama; Hitoshi lshiyama,
`Toride, all Of (JP)
`
`(73) Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation, Tokyo (JP)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`This patent issued on a continued pros
`ecution application ?led under 37 CFR
`1.53(d), and is subject to the tWenty year
`patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C.
`154(a)(2).
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`08/973,267
`Apr. 8, 1997
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`§ 371 Date:
`
`PCT/JP97/01193
`Feb. 2, 1998
`
`§ 102(e) Date: Feb. 2, 1998
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO97/37588
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Oct. 16, 1997
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`(30)
`
`Apr. 8, 1996
`Nov. 15, 1996
`
`(JP) ................................................. .. 8-085555
`(JP)
`8-305318
`
`.......................... .. A61B 5/00
`(51) Int. Cl.7 ..
`600/531; 600/529; 600/503
`(52) U.S. Cl. ................ ..
`(58) Field of Search ................................... .. 600/300—301,
`600/481—485, 500—503, 529—538; 128/897—899
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1/1982 Barney .
`4,312,358
`1/1983 Jimenez et al. .
`4,367,752
`10/1983 Relyea .
`4,408,613
`3/1984 JimineZ et al. .
`4,434,801
`4,566,461 * 1/1986 Lubell et al. ...................... .. 128/668
`5,001,632
`3/1991 Hall-Tipping .
`
`4/1994 Suga .
`5,301,154
`5,515,858 * 5/1996 Myllymaki ......................... .. 600/503
`5,853,351 * 1/1998 Mauro eta1~
`482/8
`5,857,465 * 1/1999 Nakamura et al. ................ .. 600/503
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0 556 702
`2 685 189
`WO 86/02538
`
`8/1993 (EP) -
`6/1993 (FR) .
`5/1986 (WO).
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner—Eric F. Winakur
`Assistant Examiner—Michael Astorino
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`A device is provided, Which is capable of determining the
`maximum oxygen uptake quantity Without the restriction of
`a large device or requiring troublesome operations to be
`carried out. The device displays the upper and loWer limit
`values for the pulse rate corresponding to an appropriate
`exercise intensity, and realiZes in a Wireless manner by
`means of optical communications the sending and receiving
`of information such as pulse Wave signals to and from an
`information processing device Which processes pulse Wave
`information. The device is provided With a pulse Wave
`detector 101 for detecting the test subject s pulse Waveform;
`an FFT processor 103 for determining the test subject s
`heartbeat rate from the pulse Waveform; a body motion
`detector 104 for detecting body motion When the test subject
`is running; an FFT processor 106 for determining the pitch
`from body motion during running by the test subject;
`exercise intensity calculator 108 for determining pitch, the
`test subject s stride, and the exercise intensity from body
`motion during running; and a nomogram recorder 109 for
`recording the relationship indicated by an Astrand-Ryhming
`nomogram, and determining the maximum oxygen uptake
`quantity from the heart rate and exercise intensity. The
`obtained maximum oxygen uptake quantity is divided by the
`test subject s body Weight, to calculate the maximum oxygen
`uptake quantity per unit body Weight. Next, the maximum
`oxygen uptake quantity and pulse according to sex are
`determined, and the pulse rate is multiplied by the upper and
`loWer limit value coefficients, to determine the upper limit
`value UL and the loWer limit value LL for the pulse rate.
`
`15 Claims, 47 Drawing Sheets
`
`1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 1 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 2 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`S0¢
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 3 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 3 EXERCISE INTENSITY (kpm/Ml N)
`Q c?‘
`1r
`T’
`
`300* -
`
`HEARTBEAT RATE
`(
`OZS/IQIN)
`
`BEAT
`
`1701"
`166—
`
`162—
`
`*
`158i
`154T
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`150~
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`—
`146*
`142-
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`13a-
`_
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`134~
`
`130
`
`126—
`
`122-
`
`_'
`#124
`~~120
`
`j “"300
`MAXIMUM OXYGEN UPTAKE "
`QUANTITY (LITER/MlNls "
`9“
`O”
`- ~-450
`1-6
`"
`-
`
`"
`
`‘
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`2 o
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`2 4
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`600~~ -
`N #600
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`--900
`
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`
`~-1,500
`
`4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 4 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`EEC/Em: mt; ZmmE?I
`
`FIG. 4
`
`_ 0 0
`2 1
`
`_ 0 8
`
`160 —
`
`140 —
`
`120 -
`
`100 —
`
`an L“ Ti
`
`EXERCISE INTENSITY (kDm/M I N]
`
`5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 5 of 47
`Sheet 5 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 5
`
`
`
`501
`
`101
`
`520
`
`6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 6 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 6
`@ 81
`
`INITIAL SETTINGS PROCESS I NG
`
`SET UPDATED/INPUT
`VALUE IN RAM
`
`SET EX | STING
`VALUE IN RAM
`
`PITCH DETECTION
`510
`I
`ALARM GENERATION 7
`31 1
`I
`INTERRUPT PROCESSING ;
`PERMITTED
`
`Cjéj
`
`7
`
`

`

`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`EXECUTED EVERY 308
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 7 0f 47
`FIG. 7
`C START CALCULATION ) AFTER PERMISSION
`DISPLAY PROCESS I NG
`+
`SaI
`DETECTION OF BEAT NUMBER 2/
`‘
`Sa2
`PITCH DETECTION I
`Sa3
`‘
`CALCULATION OF EXERCISE INTENSITY ;
`
`NO
`
`Sa4
`+
`EXERCISE INTENSITY AND BEAT 6’
`NUMBER STORED AS PAIR
`+
`3 OR MORE EXERClSE
`INTENSITY-BEAT
`NUMBER PAIRS?
`+ YES
`STRAIGHT LINE RELATIONSHIP
`ESTABLISHED BETNEEN EXERCISE
`INTENSITY AND BEAT NUMBER?
`
`Sa5
`
`Sa6
`N0
`
`Sam
`/(
`
`+ YES
`3a?
`1 ESTIMATE OF M m X
`a
`Sa8
`I
`1 CALCULATION OF vO 2W /wt
`Sa9
`M
`DI SPLAY 0F V0 2W /wt
`(UPDATE)
`
`DI SPLAY EXERCISE
`STOP COMMAND
`(NOTIFICATION)
`+
`.
`Sal T
`INTERRUPT )
`PROCESSING
`FORB'DDEN
`
`8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 8 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 9 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 10 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`05
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 11
`
`STR | DE CORRECTION
`COEFFICIENT
`
`1.2"
`
`1.1
`
`0.9
`
`0.8 r
`
`12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 12 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 1 2
`START OF CALCULATION
`DISPLAY PROCESS I NC
`+
`
`S 1
`a
`DETECTION OF BEAT RATE i
`I
`Sa2
`PITCH DETECTION ,5
`821101
`If‘
`I
`DETECTION OF ALTITUDE DIFFERENCE
`
`EXECUTION EVERY 30
`SECONDS AFTER
`PERMISSION
`
`861103 No
`a
`
`CHANGE IN ALTITUDE’?
`
`SaIOZ
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`S 9
`8.
`
`CORRECTION OF
`DETECTED PITCH
`CORRESPONDING
`TO DIFFERENCE »
`IN ALTITUDE
`3213
`I———--»
`II
`CALCULATION OF EXERCISE INTENS I TY j
`I
`8214
`EXERCISE INTENSITY AND BEAT ;
`NUMBER STORED AS PAIR
`Sa5
`I
`MORE THAN THREE EXERCISE 5
`NTENS I TY-BEAT NUMBER PAIRS?
`IYES
`STRAIGHT LINE RELATIONSHIP
`ESTABLISHED BETWEEN EXERCISE
`INTENSITY AND BEAT NUMBER?
`Sa?
`I YES
`I ESHMATE 0;: V0
`SASR
`2”"
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`I
`D I SPLAY OF vO zrnax/wI (UPDATE)
`‘'
`END
`
`Sa6
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`STOP COMMAND
`(NOTIFICATION)
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`
`I
`
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`
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`
`'
`
`I
`
`13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 13 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`2.3m;
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 14 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 14
`
`V0 2
`max
`
`36
`
`37
`
`38
`
`39
`
`' 40
`
`41
`
`42
`
`PULSE RATE
`
`105
`
`1 10
`
`1 15
`
`120
`
`125
`
`130
`
`135
`
`F|G.15A
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`
`FIG. 158
`
`F"! 1''! F"!
`
`15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 15 of 47
`Sheet 15 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 16
`FIG. 16
`
`
`
`16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 18 0f 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 20
`
`START
`
`PULSE NAvE DETECTION,
`A/D CONvERSION PROCESSING
`
`BODY NOTION OETECTION,
`A/D CONVERSION PROCESSINC
`
`FFT PROCESSINC
`
`PULSE WAVE COMPONENT
`EXTRACTION
`
`PULSE RATE CALCULATION
`
`END
`
`SEI
`
`SF2
`
`SF3
`
`SF4
`
`SF5
`
`19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
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`Sheet 19 0f 47
`Sheet 19 of 47
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`US 6,241,684 B1
`US 6,241,684 B1
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 20 of 47
`
`AONANDIY
`
`ADNANOAYS
`
`US 6,241,684 BL
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`(NOILOWAGOS-3AVM3S71Nd)xeWy|YaMOd
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 21 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 23
`
`POWER
`
`SECOND HIGHER HARMONIC WAVE
`
`
`
`FUNDAMENTAL WAVE
`
`
`
`1Hz
`2Hz
`3Hz
`4Hz
`
`22
`
`22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 22 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 24
`
`START
`
`FIND FREQUENCY OF MAXIMUM LINE
`SPECTRUM FROM RESULT OBTAINED
`AFTER FFT PROCESSING OF BODY
`MOTION SIGNAL.
`
`(fs)
`
`fs1
`
`(FUNDAMENTAL WAVE) = fs/HMC
`
`
`
`
`FIND FREQUENCY COMPONENTS FROM
`
`
`RESULT OBTAINED AFTER FFT PROCESSING
`
`
`OF PULSE WAVE SIGNAL,
`IN ORDER OF
`LARGEST LINE SPECTRUM (fm)
`
`
`
`SD9
`
`—
`
`<—in=3xts
`
`NO
`
`SD12
`
`PULSE WAVE = fm
`
`23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 23 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 25
`
`START
`
`BODY MOTION DETECTION (fgg)
`
`PULSE WAVE DETECTION (fmg)
`
`PROCESSING TO SUBTRACT BODY
`MOTION FROM PULSE WAVE
`fu = fme-fse
`
`
`
`DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY
`OF MAXIMUM LINE SPECTRUM
`FROM AMONG SUBTRACTION
`RESULT,
`fy (fMmax)
`
`PULSE WAVE = fumax
`
`SBI
`
`‘SB2
`
`SB3
`
`SB4
`
`SB5
`
`24
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 24 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 26
`
`START
`
`SCI
`
`5C4
`
`SCS
`
`
`
`
`FIND FREQUENCY COMPONENTS
`
`FROM RESULT OBTAINED AFTER
`
`
`FFT PROCESSING OF BODY MOTION
`
`
`SIGNAL,
`IN ORDER OF LARGEST
`
`
`LINE SPECTRUM (fs)
`
`
`
`
`C2
`
`$C3
`
`— Y
`
`ES
`
`fs1
`
`(FUNDAMENTAL WAVE) = fs2/2
`
`LINE SPECTRUM (fm)
`
`FIND FREQUENCY COMPONENTS
`FROM RESULT OBTAINED AFTER
`FFT PROCESSING OF PULSE WAVE
`SIGNAL,
`IN ORDER OF LARGEST
`
`NO
`
`5C9
`
`PULSE WAVE = fm
`
`25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 5, 2001
`
`Sheet 25 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`00l
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`
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 26 of 47
`
`US 6,241,684 B1
`
`FIG. 28
`
`ry
`|
`
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`
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`
`FIG. 29
`
`27
`
`27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.5, 2001
`
`Sheet 27 of 47
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`FIG. 31
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`Sheet 29 of 47
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`Sheet 32 of 47
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`Sheet 33 of 47
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`Sheet 34 of 47
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`Sheet 35 of 47
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`Sheet 36 of 47
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`Sheet 37 of 47
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`Sheet 39 of 47
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`Sheet 40 of 47
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`Sheet 41 of 47
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`Sheet 42 of 47
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`Sheet 43 of 47
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`Sheet45of 47
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`FIG. 48
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`Sheet 47 of 47
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`US 6,241,684 B1
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`2
`However, in the case of both direct and indirect methods,
`the conventional art requires the use of a device such as a
`treadmill or bicycle ergometer in order to apply a given
`exercise load on the test subject. For this reason, there were
`physical limitations with respect to the number and location
`of such devices, as well as a necessity to restrict the test
`subject to the device itself. Accordingly, this was problem-
`atic as it applied a psychological stress on the test subject.
`Moreover, in the case of direct methods, the device itself
`becomesvery large since it directly measures the air gas
`expired by the test subject. Additionally, it is necessary to
`apply an exercise load upto the subjects all-outlimit, so that
`the application of such methods was problematic in the case
`of individuals whoare ill, not in good health or are middle
`aged or older.
`Onthe other hand, from among the indirect methods, the
`method in which the lactic acid value is measured requires
`that blood be drawn, while the method in which the cardiac
`load is measured requires that systolic blood pressure be
`i} determined. Accordingly, these methods are troublesome.
`(2) Data transmission
`With respect to pulse wave measuring deviccs which arc
`attached to the arm and can display various information,
`there are available devices which optically detect changes in
`blood quantity, and measure pulse rate and other pulse wave
`information based on these detected results. In these types of
`optical pulse wave measuring devices, a sensor unit pro-
`vided with an light receiving element such as a photo
`transistor and a light emitting element like an LED (light
`emitting diode) is attached to the finger, for example. Light
`is then irradiated from the LED, with the light reflected by
`the blood vessels in the finger received at the photo tran-
`sistor. The change in blood quantity is thereby detected as
`the change in the quantity of light reecived. Pulse rate and
`the like are then calculated based on this detected result, and
`are displayed. l'or this purpose, the device is designed so that
`a signal can be inputor output between the device main body
`and the sensor unit by means of a connector on the main
`body of the device, and a connector consisting of a connec-
`tor material which is formed to the tip of a cable which
`extends from the sensor unit.
`Since the above-described pulse wave measuring device
`is allached to the arm, if a time measuring function is also
`provided to the device, it then becomes possible to measure
`lap or sprint times while also measuring the pulse wave
`during a marathon, for example. Accordingly, if this data is
`sequentially displayed on the display of the main bodyofthe
`device at
`the end of the competition, reference data is
`obtained for determining the pace allocation for the next
`race.
`
`1
`EXERCISE WORKOUT SUPPORT DEVICE
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`invention relates to an exercise workout
`The present
`support device suitably employed to prescribe appropriate
`exercise Lo the user.
`
`In particular, the present invention is suitable for use in a
`maximum oxygen uptake quantity estimating device, which
`enables the user to determine his own maximum oxygen
`uptake quantily easily; an exercise workout support device
`which shows the upper and lower limit values for a pulse
`rate corresponding to an appropriate exercise intensity; a
`portable pulse wave measuring device, which is provided to
`a portable device and measures pulse rate or other pulse
`wave information; or in the technique of sending informa-
`tion between a portable pulse wave measuring device and a
`data processing device, which processes the measurement
`data from the aforementioned portable pulse wave measur-
`ing device.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`In recent years, many people have becn exercising for the
`improvementof their health.
`When exercising, however, it is necessary Lo carry oul
`exercise of a suitable intensity, since exercise below a given
`intensity level is not efficacious, while exercise above a
`given intensity level is dangerous. However,
`it has been
`difficult to know whetherornotthe intensity of exercise was
`appropriate until now.
`This is because it is difficult to obtain data for determining
`suitable exercise intensity, and because it
`is difficult
`to
`promptly and accurately transmit the obtained data. The
`various factors involved will now be cxplained in detail.
`(1) Data acquisition
`Lxercise intensity may be obtained by a conventionally
`known method employing the maximum oxygen uptake
`quantity, for example.
`In general, maximum oxygen uptake quantity (VO,,,,..)
`refers to the maximum amount of oxygen taken up by a
`person (or, more broadly, by a living body) per unit time.
`Specifically, body size maybe taken into account, such that
`the value of VO,,,,,., divided by the individual s body weight
`(VO.,,a¢Wt) is an absolute index showing the endurance of
`that person. For this reason, the significance of the maxi-
`mum oxygen uptake quantity is extremely high in sports
`physiology and the likc. For cxample, by employing the
`maximum oxygen uptake quantity per unit body weight,it is
`possible to quantitatively evaluate the individual
`s
`endurance, makingit easier to confirm the effects of training.
`There are many conventionally known methods for deter-
`mining maximum oxygen uptake quantity. However, all
`have in commonthe point that a test subject is required to
`perform exercise of a given intensity, with physiological
`parameters with respect to the exercise then measured.
`These various methods may be broadly divided into two
`types:
`a direct method,
`in which the maximum oxygen
`uptake quantityis directly determined by measuring the test
`subject s expiration; and an indirect method,
`in which
`physiological parameters which have a high correlation to
`the maximum oxygen uptake quantity are measured and the
`maximum oxygen uptake quantity is indirectly obtained
`from these parameters. In the case of indirect methods, a
`variety of methods are available, including those that mea-
`sure cardiac load or lactic acid values which are highly
`correlated to maximumoxygen uptake quantity, or a method
`which employs an Astrand-Ryhming nomogram.
`
`
`
`However, in order to carry out a more detailed analysis of
`the information obtained during a marathon,
`it becomes
`necessary to send informationstored in the main body of the
`device to a data processing device which is provided sepa-
`ralely from the device main body. However, in the conven-
`tional art, a communications cable had to be attached
`between the device s main body and the data processing
`device so that
`this information could be relayed.
`Accordingly, this represented a troublesome procedure for
`the user.
`
`60
`
`SUMMARYOF TITE INVENTION
`
`The present invention was conceived in consideration of
`the above-described circumstances, and hasasits first objec-
`tive the provision of an exercise workout support device
`which can show the upper and lower limit values for the
`pulse rate corresponding to a suitable exercise intensily.
`
`49
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`US 6,241,684 B1
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`4
`FIG.2 is a block diagram showing the electrical structure
`of the maximum oxygen uptake quantity cstimating device
`according to this same embodiment.
`FIG. 3 is a diagram describing the Astrand-Ryhming
`nomogram employed in the present invention.
`FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between
`exercise intensity and heartbeat rate.
`FIG. 5 shows the external structure of the maximum
`oxygen uptake quantity estimating device according to this
`same embodiment.
`FIG.6 is a flow chart showing the main operations in this
`same embodiment.
`
`FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the processing for calcu-
`lation display in this same embodiment.
`FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the processing for notifying
`the user of an increase in cxercisc intensity in this same
`embodiment.
`FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the
`pitch and the stride correction coefficient in the maximum
`oxygen uptake quantity estimating device according to the
`second embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the electrical struc-
`ture of the maximum oxygen uplake quanlily estimating
`device according to a third embodiment of the present
`invention.
`
`
`
`FIG. 11 is a diagram showingthe relationship betweenthe
`
`
`altitude difference and the stride correction coefficientin this
`same embodiment.
`TIG. 12is a flowchart showing the main operationsin this
`same embodiment.
`FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of the
`structure of an exercise workouts support device according
`to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG.14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of
`the pulse rate table in this same embodiment.
`TIGS. 15A and 15B are is an explanatory diagrams
`showing an example of a display on display 8.
`FIG. 16 is a slant view showing the outer appearance of
`the pitch maker employed bythe exercise workout support
`device in this same cmbodiment.
`FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of the
`electrical structure of the pitch maker.
`FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of the
`structure of pitch signal generator 24.
`FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the
`structure of pulsc/pitch detector 22.
`FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing the order of processing in
`pulse/pitch detector 22.
`FIG. 21A is a diagram showing the signal obtained when
`frequency fA and frequency fB are summed.
`FIG. 21B is a graph showing the result obtained after
`carrying out FFT processing on the summed signal.
`FIG. 22A shows theresult obtained aller carrying out FFT
`processing of the signal output from pulse wave sensor 311.
`FIG. 22B showsthe result obtained after carrying out FFT
`processing of the signal output from body motion sensor
`302.
`FIG. 22C shows the pulsc wave component obtained by
`subtracting the result shown in T'IG. 22B from the result
`shown in 22A.
`FIG. 23 is the result obtained after carrying out FFT
`processing on the output of body motion sensor 302.
`FIG.24 is a flow chart showing the processing method for
`specifying the pulse wave component after specifying the
`harmonic wave of the body motion signal.
`
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`3
`Further, the present invention has as its second objective
`the provision of a maximum oxygen uptake quantity esti-
`mating device which does not require the user to be
`restricted to the device, and which can determine the maxi-
`Inum oxygen uplake quantily easily and without trouble-
`some operations.
`Additionally, the present invention has as its third objec-
`tive the provision of a portable pulse wave measuring device
`which enables wireless transmission and receipt of data such
`as pulse wave signals via optical communications with a
`data processing device which processes pulse wave infor-
`mation.
`In viewof the above-describedfirst objective, the present
`invention is provided with:
`an exercise intensity detecting meansfor detecting the test
`subject’s exercise intensity;
`a beal rate detecting means [or detecting the test subject’s
`beat rate;
`a recording means for recording in advance the relation-
`ship between exercise intensity and beat rate, and the
`corresponding maximum oxygen uplake quantity; and
`a calculating means for obtaining the maximum oxygen
`uptake quantity corresponding to the detected beat rate
`and exercise intensily from the relationship stored in
`the recording means;
`wherein the exercise intensity measuring means, beal rate
`detecting means, recording means and calculating
`meansbeing incorporated into a portable device carried
`by the test subject.
`As a result,
`it becomes possible to obtain maximum
`oxygen uptake quantity casily, without restricting the test
`subject to a large device or requiring troublesome operations
`to be performed.
`In order to achieve the above-described second objective,
`the upper and lower limit values for the pulse rate corre-
`sponding to an appropriate exercise intensity are obtained
`from the VO3,,,.¢, determined in advance, and are displayed.
`Asa resull, the upper and lower limits for the pulse rate
`corresponding lo an appropriate exercise intensity can be
`displayed.
`In order to achieve the above-described third objective, a
`portable pulse wave measuring device whichis incorporated
`in a portable device, has a pulsc wave detecting means for
`detecting the pulse wave in the body, and which scnds and
`receives information including the pulse wave to and from
`a data processing device provided external to the portable
`device, has a communications means which uptakes
`the
`pulse wave and relays pulse wave data obtained from the
`pulse wave to an information processing device in a wireless
`manner by means ofoptical signals.
`Accordingly, the pulse wave information obtained by the
`portable device is relayed by means of wireless communi-
`cation using optical signals to a data processing device
`provided externally. Thus,it is not necessary to go through s:
`such procedures as connecting the portable device and the
`data processing device with a cable, but ratherit is possible
`to relay data to the data processing device from the portable
`device when physically separated from the data processing
`device. Accordingly, this is very advantageous from the user
`S perspective, as troublesome operations have been elimi-
`nated.
`
`
`
`60
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the functional structure
`of the maximum oxygen uptake quantity estimating device
`according a first embodiment of the present invention.
`
`50
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`US 6,241,684 B1
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`6
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE
`PRESENT INVENTION
`
`1. Embodiment 1
`
`The first preferred embodiment of the present invention
`will now be explained with reference to the accompanying
`figures.
`1.1 Structure of the Embodiment
`
`Tirst, a maximum oxygen uptake quantity estimating
`device according to the first embodiment will be explained.
`The maximum oxygen uptake quantity estimating device
`according to this embodiment employs an Astrand-Ryhming
`nomogram (Astrand, P.O. and Ryhming, I.: Anomogram [or
`calculation of aerobic capacily (physical fitness) from pulse
`rate during submaximal work. J. Appl. Physiol., 218~221,
`1954.) to estimate the maximum oxygen uptake quantity
`(VO,,,q4liter/min)) from the exercise intensity (operational
`intensity, work) and heartbeatrate at a given point in time as
`a test subject is performing a specificd cxercisc. This esti-
`mated value is then divided bythe test subject s body weight,
`to obtain a maximum oxygen uptake quantity (VO,,,,,,/wt
`(unit: milliliter/kg/min)) per unit body weight.
`1.1.1. Astrand-Ryhming nomogram
`Before explaining the structure of this cmbodiment, a
`bricf explanation of the aforementioned Astrand-Ryhming
`nomogram will first be made. FIG. 3 showsthe details of a
`nomogram.
`In this nomogram, the cxercisc intensity and heartbeat
`rate are plotted on the right and left axes respectively.
`Maximum oxygen uptake quantity (VO,,,,,,) is indicated by
`the coordinates of the intersection of the middle line with a
`straight line drawn between the two axes. Parameters suit-
`able for eachof the two sexes are employed. In other words,
`byindicating the sex of the subject, the maximum oxygen
`uplake quantity (VOs,,,) can be estimated from a function
`which employs exercise intensity and heartbeat rate as
`arguments.
`1.1.1.1. Conditions lor applying a nomogram
`The conditions under which an Astrand-Ryhming oomo-
`gram may be employed will now be explained.
`In general, when exercise intensity is below a specific
`level, then the relationship between heartbeat rate and exer-
`cise intensity is such that heartbeat rate increases in propor-
`tion to the exercise intensity, as shown in FIG. 4. However,
`whenthe exercise intensity exceeds a given value, then the
`proportion of increase in the heartbeat rate with respect to
`the increase in exercise intensity slows, until finally satura-
`tion occurs. The point at which deviation from the propor-
`tionalrelationship between cxercise intensity and heartbcat
`rate begins to occur is typically referred to as HRtp (Heart
`Rate turn point).
`Althoughslightly highcr than the anacrobic threshold (AT
`valuc), this HRtp is viewed to be roughly equivalent thereto.
`The Astrand-Ryhming nomogram is formed by presup-
`posing that there is a straight line relationship between the
`test subject s exercise intensity and heartbeatratc.
`Forthis reason, in order to accurately estimate the maxi-
`mum oxygen uptake quantity using the aforcmentioncd
`nomogram,it is necessary to establish a straight line rela-
`tionship between the test subject s exercise intensity and
`heartbeat rate. In order to judge whether ornota straightline
`relationship exists, it is necessary to measure exercise inten-
`sity at at least three or more stages, and determine the heart
`beat rate at each stage. Further, it is necessary that the test
`subject exercise until the HRtp appears.
`
`5
`FIG. 25 is a flow chart showing an example of a method
`for specifying the pulse wave component using pulse/pitch
`detector 22.
`
`FIG. 26is a flow chart showing an example of a method
`for specifying the pulse wave component using pulse/pitch
`detector 22.
`
`FIG. 27 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of
`the pitch maker.
`FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of
`installation when a piezo element is employed as the pitch
`notifying means.
`FIG. 29 shows the structure of the portable pulse wave
`measuring device and a data processing device for process-
`ing pulse wave data measured by the aforementioned device,
`according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 30 shows the method of use for a pulse wave
`measuring device attached to the arm according to the same
`embodiment.
`
`FIG. 31 is a planar view of the main body of this
`measuring device.
`FIG. 32 shows an arrangementin which the sensor unit is
`attached to the finger in this measuring device.
`TIG. 33 is a block diagram showing the data processor of
`this measuring device.
`TIG. 34 shows the relationship between electrical con-
`nections in the connector of this measuring device.
`FIG. 35 showsthe structure of connector piccc 80 accord-
`ing to this embodiment.
`FIG. 36 showsthe structure of connector 70 according Lo
`this embodiment.
`FIG. 37 showsthe structure of connector cover 90 accord-
`ing to this embodiment.
`FIG. 38 showsthe structure of communications u