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`LOW PROFILE LIGHT
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to lighting, particularly to low profile
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`lighting, and more particularly to low profile downlighting for retrofit applications.
`[0002] Light fixtures'come in many shapes and sizes, with some being configured for
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`new work installations while others are configured for old work installations. New work
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`installations are not limited to as many constraints as old work installations, which must take into
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`account the type of electrical fixture/enclosure or junction box existing behind a ceiling or wall
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`panel material. With recessed ceiling lighting, sheet metal canAtype light fixtures are typically
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`used, while surface—mounted ceiling and wall lighting typically use metal or plastic junction
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`boxes of a variety of sizes and depths. With the advent of LED (light emitting diode) lighting,
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`there is a great need to not only provide new work LED light fixtures, but to also provide LED
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`light fixtures that are suitable for old work applications, thereby enabling retrofit installations.
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`One way of providing old work LED lighting is to configure an LED luminajre in such a manner
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`as to utilize the volume of space available within an existing fixture (can—type fixture or junction
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`box). However, such configurations typically result in unique designs for each type and size of
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`fixture. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an LED lighting apparatus that overcomes
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`these drawbacks.
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`_
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`[0003] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the
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`applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily
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`intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art
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`against the present invention. -
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION '
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`[0004] An embodiment of the invention includes a luminaire having a heat spreader, a
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`heat sink thermally coupled to and disposed diametrically outboard of the heat spreader, an outer
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`optic securely retained relative to at least one of the heat spreader and the heat sink, a light source
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`disposed in thermal communication with the heat spreader, and an electrical supply line disposed
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`in electrical communication with the light source. The heat spreader, heat sink and outer optic,
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`in combination, have an overall height H and an overall outside dimension D such that the ratio
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`of H/D is equal to or less than 0.25. The defined combination is configured and sized so as to:
`cover an opening defined by a nominally sized four~inch can light. fixture; and, cover an Opening
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`defined by a nominally sized four-inch electrical junction box.
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`[0005] An embodiment of the invention includes a luminaire having a housing with a
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`light unit and a trim unit. The light unit includes a light source, and the trim unit is mechanically
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`separable from the light unit. A means for mechanically separating the trim unit from the light
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`unit provides a thermal conduction path therebetween. The light unit has sufficient thermal mass
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`to spread heat generated by the light source to the means for mechanically separating, and the
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`trim unit has sufficient thermal mass to serve as a heat sink to dissipate heat generated by the
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`light source.
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`[0006] An embodiment of the invention includes a luminaire for retrofit connection to an
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`installed light fixture having a concealed in—use housing. The luminaire includes a housing
`having a light unit and a trim unit, the light unit having a light source, and the trim unit being
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`mechanically separable from the light unit. The trim unit defines a heat sinking thermal
`management element, configured to dissipate heat generated by the light source, that is
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`completely 100% external of the concealed in—use housing of the installed light fixture.
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`[0007] An embodiment of the invention includes a product having any feature described
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`herein, explicitly, implicitly or equivalently, either individually or in combination with any other
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`feature, in any configuration, and a method of forming the product, made by any process or sub-
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`process described herein, explicitly, implicitly or equivalently, in any order, using any modality
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`suitable for the purpose disclosed herein.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`[0008] Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in
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`the accompanying Figures, abbreviated in each illustration as “Fig”:
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`[0009] Figure 1 depicts an isometric top View of a luminaire in accordance with an
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`embodiment of the invention;
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`[0010] Figure 2 depicts a top view of the luminaire of Figure l 3
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`[0011] Figure 2 depicts a bottom view of the luminaire of Figure l;
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`[0012] Figure 4 depicts a side view of the luminaire of Figure 1;
`[[0013] Figure 5 depicts a top view of a heat spreader assembly, a heat sink, and an outer
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`optic in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention;
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`[0014] Figure 6 depicts an isometric view of the heat spreader of Figure 5;
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`[0015] Figure 7 depicts a partial isometric view of the heat sink of Figure 5 ;
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`[0016] Figure 8 depicts a top view of an alternative heat spreader assembly in accordance
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`with an embodiment of the invention;
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`[0017] Figure 9 depicts a top view of another alternative heat spreader assembly in
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`accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
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`[0018] Figure 10 depicts a top View of yet another alternative heat spreader assembly in
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`accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
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`[0019] Figure 1 1 depicts a bottom view of a heat Spreader having a power conditioner in
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`accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
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`[0020] Figure 12 depicts a section View of a luminaire in accordance with an embodiment
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`of the invention;
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`[0021] Figure 13 depicts a bottom view of a heat sink having recesses in accordance with
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`an embodiment of the invention;
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`[0022] Figures 14—18 depict isometric views of existing electrical can—type light fixtures
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`and electrical junction boxes for use in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
`[0023] Figures 19—21 depict a side view, top view and bottom view; respectively, of a
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`luminaire similar but alternatiVe to that of Figures 2-4, in accordance with an embodiment of the
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`invention;
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`I
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`[0024] Figures 22—23- depict t0p and bottom views, respectively, of a heat spreader having
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`an alternative power conditioner in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and
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`[0025] Figure 24-26 depict in isometric, top and side views, respectively, an alternative
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`reflector to that depicted in Figures 10 and 12.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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`[0026] Although the following detailed description contains many specifics for the
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`purposes of illustration, anyone of ordinary skill in the art wilt appreciate that many variations
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`and alterations to the following details are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the
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`following preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth without any loss of generality to,
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`and without imposing limitations upon, the claimed invention.
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`[0027] An embodiment of the invention, as shown and described by the various figures
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`and accompanying text, provides a low profile downlight, more generally referred to as a
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`luminaire, having an LED light source disposed on a heat spreader, which in turn is thermally
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`coupled to a heat sink that also serves as the trim plate of the luminaire. The luminaire is
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`configured and dimensioned for retrofit installation on standard can-type light fixtures used for
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`recessed ceiling lighting, and on standard ceiling or wall junction boxes (Ll-boxes) used for
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`ceiling or wall mounted lighting. The luminaire is also suitable for new work installation.
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`[0028] While embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein depict an
`example luminaire for use as a downlight when disPosed upon a ceiling, it will be appreciated
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`that embodiments of the invention also encompass other lighting applications, such as a wall
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`sconce for example.
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`[0029] While embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein depict
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`example power conditioners having visually defined sizes, it will be appreciated that
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`embodiments of the invention also encompass other power conditioners having other sizes as
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`long as the power conditioners fall within the ambit of the invention disclosed herein.
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`[0030] Referring to Figures 1—26 collectively, a luminaire 100 includes a heat spreader
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`105, a heat sink 110 thermally coupled to and disposed diametrically outboard of the heat
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`spreader, an outer optic 115 securely retained relative to at least one of the heat spreader 105 and
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`the heat sink 110, a light source 120 disposed in thermal communication with the heat spreader
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`105, and an electrical supply- line 125 disposed in electrical communication with the light source
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`120. To provide for a low profile luminaire 100, the combination of the heat spreader 105, heat
`sink 110 and outer optic 115, have an overall height H and an overall outside dimension D such
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`that the ratio of H/D is equal to or less than 0.25. In an example embodiment, height H is 1.5
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`inches, and outside dimension D is a diameter of 7—inches. Other dimensions for H and D are
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`contemplated such that the combination of the heat spreader 105, heat sink 110 and outer optic
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`115, are configured and sized so as to; (i) cover an opening defined by an industry standard can—
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`type light fixture having nominal sizes from three—inches to six—inches (see Figures 14 and 15 for
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`example); and, (ii) cover an Opening defined by an industry standard electrical junction box
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`having nominal sizes from three-inches to six-inches (see Figures 16 and 17 for example). Since
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`can—type light fixtures and ceiling/wall mount junction boxes are designed for placement behind
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`a ceiling or wall material, an example luminaire has the back surface of the heat spreader 105
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`substantially planar with the back surface of the heat sink 110, thereby permitting the luminaire
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`100 to sit substantially flush on the surface of the ceiling/wall material. Alternatively, small
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`standoffs 200 (see Figure 12 for example) may be used to promote air movement around the
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`iurninaire 100 for improved heat transfer to ambient, which will be discussed further below.
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`Securement of the luminaire 100 to a junction box may be accomplished by using suitable
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`fasteners through appropriately spaced holes 150 (see Figure 8 for example), and securement of
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`the luminaire 100 to a can-type fixture may be accomplished by using extension springs 205
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`fastened at one end to the heat spreader 105 (see Figure 12 for example) and then hooked at the
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`other end onto an interior detail of the can-type fixture.
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`[0031] In an embodiment, the light source 120 includes a plurality of light emitting
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`diodes (LEDs) (also herein referred to as an LED chip package), which is represented by the
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`“checkered box” in Figures 5, 6 and 8—10. In application, the LED chip package generates heat at
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`the junction of each LED die. To dissipate this heat, the LED chip package is disposed in
`suitable thermal communication with the heat spreader 105, which in an embodiment is made
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`using aluminum, and the heat spreader is diSposed in suitable thermal communication with the
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`heat sink 110, which in an embodiment is also made using aluminum. To provide for suitable
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`heat transfer from the heat spreader 105 to the heat sink 110, an embodiment employs a plurality
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`of interconnecting threads 130, 135, which when tightened provide suitable surface area for heat
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`transfer thereacross.
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`----
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`[0032] Embodiments of luminaire 100 may be pOWered by DC voltage, While other
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`embodiments may be powered by AC voltage. In a DC—powered embodiment, the electrical
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`supply lines 125, which receive DC voltage from a DC supply, are directly connected to the
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`plurality of LEDs 120. Holes 210 (see Figure 9 for example) in the heat spreader 105 permit
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`passage of the supply lines 125 from the back side of the heat spreader 105 to the front side. In
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`an AC—powered embodiment, a suitable power conditioner 140, 160, 165 (see Figures 8, 9 and 11
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`for example) is used.
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`[0033] In an embodiment, and with reference to Figure 8, power conditioner 140 is
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`disposed on the heat spreader 105 on a same side of the heat spreader as the plurality of LEDs
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`120. In an embodiment, the power conditioner 140 is an electronic circuit board having
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`electronic components configured to receive AC voltage from the electrical supply line 125 and
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`to deliver DC voltage to the plurality of LEDs through appropriate electrical connections on
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`either the front side or the back side of the heat spreader 105, with holes through the heat
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`spreader or insulated electrical traces across the surface of the heat spreader being used as
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`appropriate for the purposes.
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`[0034] In an alternative embodiment, and with reference to Figure 9, an arc—shaped
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`elchonichircuit-board-mounted pOWer conditioner 160 may be used in place of the localized
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`power conditioner 140 illustrated in Figure 8, thereby utilizing a larger available area of the heat
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`spreader 105 without detracting from the lighting efficiency of luminaire 100.
`[0035] In a further embodiment, and with reference to Figure 11, a block-type power
`conditioner 165 (electronics contained within a housing) may be used on the back surface of the
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`heat spreader 105, where the block—type power conditioner 165 is configured and sized to fit
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`within the interior space of an industry-standard nominally sized can-type light fixture or an
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`industry—standard nominally sized wall/ceiling junction box. Electrical connections between the
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`power conditioner 165 and the LEDs 120 are made via wires 170, which may be contained
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`within the can fixture or junction box, or may be self—contained within the power conditioner
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`housing, Electrical wires 175 receive AC voltage via electrical connections within the can
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`fixture or junction box.
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`[0036] Referring now to Figures 8-10 and 12, an embodiment includes a reflector 145
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`disposed on the heat spreader --1 05 so as to cover the power conditioner 140, 160, while
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`permitting the plurality of LEDs 120 to be visible (i.e., uncovered) through an aperture 215 of the
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`reflector 145. Mounting holes 155 in the reflector 145 align with mounting holes 150 in the heat
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`spreader 105 for the purpose discussed above. The reflector 145 provides a reflective covering
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`that hides power conditioner 140, 160 from View when Viewed from the outer optic side of
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`luminaire 100, while efficiently reflecting light from the LEDs 120 toward the outer optic 115.
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`Figure 12 illustrates a section view through luminaire 100, showing a stepped configuration of
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`the reflector 145, with the power conditioner 140, 160 hidden inside a pocket (i.e., between the
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`reflector 145 and the heat spreader 105), and with the LEDs 120 visible through the aperture 215.
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`In an embodiment, the outer optic is made using a g1ass~bead~impregnated—plastic material. In an
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`embodiment the outer optic 115 is made of a suitable material to mask the presence of a pixilated
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`light source 120 disposed at the center of the luminaire. In an embodiment, the half angle power
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`of the luminaire, where the light intensity of the light source when viewed at the outer optic
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`drops to 50% of its maximum intensity, is evident within a central diameter of the outer optic
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`that is equal to or greater than 50% of the outer diameter of the outer optic.
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`[0037'] While Figure 10 includes a reflector 145, it will be appreciated that not all
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`embodiments of the invention disclosed herein may employ a reflector 145, and that when a
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`reflector 145 is employed it may be used for certain optical preferences or to mask the electronics
`of the power conditioner 140, 160. The reflective surface of the reflector 145 may be white,
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`reflective polished metal, or metal film over plastic, for example, and may have surface detail for
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`certain optical effects, such as color mixing or controlling light distribution and/or focusing for
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`example.
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`[0038] Referring to Figure 12, an embodiment includes an inner optic 180 disposed over
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`the plurality of LEDs 120. Employing an inner optic 180 not only provides protection to the
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`LEDs 120 during installation of the luminaire 100 to a can fixture or junction box, but also offers
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`another means of color-mixing and/or diffusing and/or color-temperature-adjusting the light
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`output from the LEDs 120. In alternative embodiments, the inner optic 180 may be a standalone
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`element, or integrally formed with the reflector 145. In an embodiment, the LEDs 120 are
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`encapsulated in a phOSphor of a type suitable to produce a color temperature output of 2700 deg—
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`Kelvin. Other LEDs with or without phosphor encapsulation may be used to produce other color
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`temperatures as desired.
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`.—
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`[003 9] Referring to 'Figure 13, a back surface 185 of the heat sink 110 includes a first
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`plurality of recesses 190 oriented in a first direction, and a second plurality of recesses 195
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`oriented in a second opposing direction, each recess of the first plurality and the second plurality
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`having a shape that promotes localized air movement within the respective recess due at least in
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`part to localized air temperature gradients and resulting localized air pressure gradients. Without
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`being held to any particular theory, it is contemplated that a teardrop—shaped recess 190, 195 each
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`having a narrow end and an Opposing broad end will generate localized air temperatures in the
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`narrow end that are higher than localized air temperatures in the associated broad end, due to the
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`difference of proximity of the surrounding “heated” walls of the associated recess.
`it is
`contemplated that the presence of such air temperature gradients, with resulting air pressure
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`gradients, within a given recess 190, 195 will cause localized air movement within the associated
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`recess, which in turn will enhance the overall heat transfer of the thermal system (the thermal
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`system being the luminaire 100 as a Whole). By alternating the orientation of the recesses 190,
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`195, such that the first plurality of recesses 190 and the second plurality of recesses 195 are
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`disposed in an alternating fashion around the circumference of the back 185 of the heat sink 110,
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`it is contemplated that further enhancements in heat transfer will be achieved, either by the
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`packing density of recesses achievable by nesting one recess 190 adjacent the other 195, or by
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`alternating the direction vectors of the localized air temperature/pressure gradients to enhance
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`overall air movement. In an embodiment, the first plurality of recesses 190 have a first depth
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`into the back surface of the heat sink, and the second plurality of recesses 195 have a second
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`depth into the back surface of the heat sink, the first depth being different from the second depth,
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`which is contemplated to further enhance heat transfer.
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`[0040] Figures 14-18 illustrate typical industry standard can—type light fixtures for
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`recessed lighting (Figures 14—15), and typical industry stande electrical junction boxes for
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`ceiling or wall mounted lighting (Figures 16-18). Embodiments of the invention are configured
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`and sized for use with such fixtures of Figures 14-18.
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`[0041] Figures 19-21 illustrate an alternative luminaire 100’ having a different form
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`factor (flat top, flat outer optic, smaller appearance) as compared to luminaire 100 of Figures 1—4.
`[0042] Figures 22-23 illustrate alternative electronic power conditioners 140’, 165’
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`having a different form factorflas compared to power conditioners 140, 165 of Figures 8 and 11,
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`respectively. All alternative embodiments disclosed herein, either explicitly, implicitly or
`equivalently, are considered within the scope of the invention.
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`[0043] Figures 24—26 illustrate an alternative reflector 145’ to that illustrated in Figures
`10 and 12, with Figure 24 depicting an isometric view, Figure 25 depicting a top view, and
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`Figure 26 depicting a side view of alternative reflector 145’. As illustrated, reflector 145’ is
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`conically—shaped with a centrally disposed aperture 215 ’ for receiving the LED package 120.
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`The cone of reflector 145’ has a shallow form factor so as to fit in the low profile luminaire 100,
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`100’. Similar to reflector 145, the reflective surface of the reflector 145’ may be white, reflective
`polished metal, or metal film over plastic, for example, and may have surface detail for certain
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`optical effects, such as color mixing or controlling light distribution and/or focusing for example.
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`As discussed herein with reSpect to reflector 145, alternative reflector 145’ may or may not be
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`employed as required to obtain the desired optical effects.
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`[0044] Appendices I and 11 provide information on example materials considered suitable
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`for use in outer Optic 115, and Appendices III and IV provide information on example materials
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`considered suitable for use in reflector 145, 145’.
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`[0045] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the invention also
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`include a luminaire 100 with a housing 105, 110, 115 having a light unit 105, l 15 and a trim unit
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`110, the light unit including a light source 120, the trim unit being mechanically separable from
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`the light unit, a means for mechanically separating 130, 135 the trim unit from the light unit
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`providing a thermal conduction path therebetween, the light unit having sufficient thermal mass
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`to spread heat generated by the light source to the means for mechanically separating, the trim
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`unit having sufficient thermal mass to serve as a heat sink to dissipate heat generated by the light
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`source.
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`[0046] From the foregoing, it will also be appreciated that embodiments of the invention
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`further include a luminaire 100 for retrofit connection to an installed light fixture having a
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`concealed in-use housing (see Figures 14-18 for example), the luminaire including a housing
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`105, 110, 115 having a light unit 105,115 and a trim unit 110, the light unit comprising a light
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`source 120, the trim unit being mechanically separable from the light unit, the trim unit defining
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`a heat sinking thermal management element configured to dissipate heat generated by the light
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`source that is completely 100% external of the concealed in—use housing of the installed light
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`fixture. As used herein, the term “concealed in—use housing” refers to a housing that is hidden
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`behind a ceiling or a wall panel once the luminaire of the invention has been installed thereon.
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`[0047] From the foregoing, it will also be appreciated that embodiments of the invention
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`include a lighting product having any feature described herein, explicitly, implicitly or
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`equivalently, either individually or in combination with any other feature, in any configuration,
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`and a method of forming the aforementioned lighting product formed using any process or sub—
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`process described herein, explicitly, implicitly or equivalently, in any order, using any modality
`suitable for the purpose disclosed herein.
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`[0048] While certain combinations of elements have been described herein, it will be
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`appreciated that these certain combinations are for illustration purposes only and that any
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`combination of any of the elements disclosed herein may be employed in accordance with an
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`embodiment of the invention. Any and all such combinations are contemplated herein and are
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`considered Within the scope of the invention disclosed.
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`[0049] While embodiments of the invention have been described employing aluminum as
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`a suitable heat transfer material for the heat spreader and heat sink, it will be appreciated that the
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`scope of the invention is not so limited, and that the invention also applies to other suitable heat
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`transfer materials, such as copper and copper alloys, or composites impregnated with heat
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`transfer particulates, for example, such as plastic impregnated with carbon, copper, aluminum or
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`other suitable heat transfer material, for example.
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`[0050] The particular and innovative arrangement of elements disclosed herein and all in
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`accordance with an embodiment of the invention affords numerous not insignificant technical
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`advantages in addition to providing an entirely novel and attractive visual appearance.
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`[0051] While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary
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`embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made
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`and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the
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`invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or
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`material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof.
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`Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed
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`as the best or only mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention Will
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`include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Also, in the drawings
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`and the description, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments of the invention and,
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`although specific terms may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a
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`generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention
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`therefore not being so limited. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote
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`any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one
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`element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of
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`quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.
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`CLAIMS
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`What is claimed is:
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`1.
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`A luminaire 100, comprising:
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`a heat spreader 105 g
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`a heat sink 110 thermally coupled to and disposed diametrically outboard of the heat
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`spreader;
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`an outer optic 115 securely retained relative to at least one of the heat spreader and the
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`heat sink;
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`a light source 120 disposed in thermal communication with the heat spreader; and
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`an electrical supply line 125 disposed in electrical communication with the light source;
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`wherein the heat spreader, heat sink and outer optic, in combination, have an overall
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`height H and an overall outside dimension D such that the ratio of H/D is equal to or less than
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`0.25 3
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`wherein the defined combination is configured and sized so as to: cover an opening
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`defined by a nominally Sized four—inch can light fixture; and, cover an opening defined by a
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`nominally sized four—inch electrical junction box.
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`2.
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`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
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`the heat sink and the heat spreader are thermally coupled by a plurality of interconnecting
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`threads 130, 135.
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`3.
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`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
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`a baclc surface of the heat spreader is substantially planar with a back surface of the heat
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`sink.
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`4.
`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
`the light source comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs).
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`5.
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`The luminaire of Claim 4, wherein:
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`the electrical supply line is directly connected to the plurality of LEDs for delivering DC
`
`voltage to the plurality of LEDs.
`
`6.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 4, further comprising:
`
`a power conditioner 140 disposed on the heat spreader on a same side of the heat Spreader
`
`as the plurality of LEDS, the power conditioner being configured to receive AC voltage from the
`
`electrical supply line and to deliver DC voltage to the plurality of LEDs.
`
`7.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 6, further comprising:
`
`a reflector 145 disposed on the heat spreader so as to cover the power conditioner, the
`
`reflector having an aperture in which the plurality of LEDs are disposed and uncovered.
`
`8.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
`
`the heat spreader comprises mounting holes 150 suitably Spaced apart to receive
`
`mounting fasteners to secure the heat spreader to an industry—standard electrical junction box.
`
`9.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 7, wherein:
`
`the heat spreader comprises mounting holes 150 and the reflector comprises mounting
`
`holes 155 suitably spaced apart to receive mounting fasteners to secure the heat spreader to an
`
`industry-standard electrical junction box.
`
`10.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 6, wherein:
`
`the power conditioner disposed on the heat spreader is arc-shaped 160.
`
`11.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 4, further comprising:
`
`a power conditioner 165 disposed on the heat spreader on an opposite side of the heat
`
`spreader as the plurality of LEDS, the power conditioner being configured to receive AC voltage
`
`from the electrical supply line and to deliver DC voltage to the plurality of LEDs, the power
`
`conditioner being configured and sized so as to fit within: an industry-standard nominally sized
`
`13 of 17
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`PETITIONERS, Ex. 1003; PG. 13
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`PETITIONERS, Ex. 1003; PG. 13
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`

`LSGOB47US
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`four—inch can light fixture; and, an industry—standard nominally sized four—inch electrical junction
`
`box..
`
`12.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 7, further comprising:
`
`an inner optic 180 disposed over the plurality of LEDS.
`
`13.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 12, wherein:
`
`the inner optic is integrally formed with the reflector.
`
`14.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
`
`a back surface 185 of the heat sink comprises a first plurality of recesses 190 oriented in a
`
`first direction, and a second plurality of recesses 195 oriented in a second opposing direction,
`
`each recess of the first plurality and the second plurality having a shape that promotes localized
`
`air movement within the respective recess due at least in part to localized air temperature
`
`gradients and resulting localized air pressure gradients.
`
`15.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 14, wherein:
`
`the first plurality of recesses and the second plurality of recesses are disposed in an
`
`alternating fashion around the circumference of the back of the heat sink.
`
`16.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 14, wherein:
`
`the first plurality of recesses have a first depth into the back surface of the heat sink, and
`
`the second plurality of recesses have a second depth into the back surface of the heat sink, the
`-_first depth being different from the second depth.
`
`17.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 1, wherein:
`
`the outer optic comprises a g1ass-bead—impregnated-plastic material.
`
`18.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 12, wherein:
`
`the inner optic comprises a color mixing diffuser.
`
`14 of 17
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`PETITIONERS, Ex. 1003; PG. 14
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`PETITIONERS, Ex. 1003; PG. 14
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`LSG0347US
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`19.
`
`The luminaire of Claim 4, further comprising:
`
`a phOSphor disposed over the plurality of LEDs comprising material to produce a color
`
`temperature output of 2700 deg—Kelvin.
`
`20.
`
`A luminaire, comprising:
`
`a housing comprising a light unit and a trim unit, the light unit comprising a light source,
`
`the trim unit being mechanically separable from the light unit, a means for mechanically
`
`separating the trim unit from the light unit providing a thermal conduction path therebetween, the
`
`light unit having sufficient thermal mass to spread heat generated by the light source to the means
`
`for mechanically separating, the trim unit having sufficient thermal mass to serve as a heat sink
`
`to dissipate heat generated by the light source.
`
`21.
`
`A luminaire for retrofit connection to an installed light fixture having a concealed
`
`in~use housing, the luminaire comprising:
`
`a housing comprising a light unit and a trim unit, the light unit comprising a light source,
`
`the trim unit being mechanically separable from the light unit, the trim unit defining a heat
`
`Sinking thermal management element configured to dissipate heat generated by the light source
`
`that is completely 100% external of the concealed in—use housing of the installed light fixture.
`
`22.
`
`A product comprising any feature described herein, explicitly, implicitly or
`
`- equivalently, either individually or in combi