United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`5,627,547
`
`Ramaswamy et al.
`
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`US005627547A
`
`[54]
`
`[75]
`
`[73]
`
`[21]
`
`[22]
`
`[5 1]
`[52]
`[5 8]
`
`[56]
`
`MAPLESS GPS NAVIGATION SYSTEM IN
`VEHICLE ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM
`
`Inventors: Ashok B. Ramaswamy; Randall T.
`Brlmts, both of Carmel, Ind.
`
`Assignee: Delco Electronics Corporation
`
`Appl. N0.: 418,933
`Filed:
`
`Apr. 7, 1995
`
`Int. Cl." ............................... H04B 7/185; G018 5/02
`US. Cl. ......................................... 342/357; 364/449.1
`Field of Search .............................. 342/357; 364/449
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,367,453
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`4,951,211
`4,954,959
`4,992,947
`5,014,098
`5,072,395
`5,146,231
`5,159,556
`5,184,303
`5,191,532
`5,231,584
`5,257,195
`5,270,936
`5,278,759
`5,293,513
`5,303,393
`5,337,244
`5,343,399
`5,345,388
`5,353,034
`5,359,527
`
`1/1983
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`3/1989
`8/1989
`12/1989
`8/1990
`9/1990
`2/1991
`5/1991
`12/1991
`9/1992
`10/1992
`2/1993
`3/1993
`7/1993
`10/1993
`12/1993
`1/1994
`3/1994
`4/1994
`8/1994
`8/1994
`9/1994
`10/1994
`10/1994
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`Kuno et al.
`.
`Cline et a1.
`Takanabe et a1.
`Itoh et a]. .
`Hanabusa et a]. .
`Thoone et a1. .......................... 364/454
`Dobereiner et a1.
`.
`Morita et al. .
`Ando et a1.
`.
`De Vllleroche .
`Moroto et al. .
`Nimura et a1.
`.
`Schlais et a1.
`Bliss et a1.
`.
`Ghaem et a1.
`Schorter .
`Link .
`Moroto et al. .
`Nimuia et a1.
`.
`Hirata .
`Fukushima et a1.
`Berra et a1.
`.
`Umezu et a1.
`Noreen et a1.
`Nobe et a].
`.
`Yokoyama et a1.
`Kashiwazaki .
`Sato et a1.
`.
`Takanabe et a1.
`
`......................... 455/12.1
`
`.
`
`.
`
`5,394,333
`5,398,189
`5,412,573
`5,430,653
`5,442,557
`5,452,217
`5,459,667
`5,486,822
`5,515,284
`
`.
`
`2/1995 Kao.
`.
`3/1995 Inoue et a1.
`5/1995 Barnea et a1.
`7/1995 Inoue .
`8/1995 Kaneko.
`............................. 3641449
`9/1995 Kishi et a1.
`10/1995 Odagaki et al.
`.
`1/1996 Tenmoku et al.
`5/1996 Abe .
`
`.
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Benz Sat—Nav.” Autoweek, Oct. 3, 1994.
`"The Honda Way,” Autoweek. Oct. 10, 1994.
`
`Primary Examiner—Theodore M. Blum
`~Attomey, Agent, or Firm—Jimmy L. Funke
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A navigation system is provided for offering navigational
`assistance to a mobile user. The navigation system receives
`GPS position information signals which are processed to
`determine current position latitude and longitude coordi—
`nates and direction of travel. A destination database includes
`
`a plurality of categorized destinations and corresponding
`destination position coordinates pertaining to the destina-
`tions. The destination database is stored on an interfacable
`
`memory card and contains menu categories and subcatego-
`ries for classifying the destinations and additional text
`information pertaining to the destinations. User selectable
`menu controls enable the user to sequence through the menu
`of categories and destinations and select a desired destina-
`tion. This is easily accomplished by rotating a rotary push-
`button to View category and destination selections and
`depressing the rotary pushbutton to select the selection
`shown. A processor compares the current position coordi—
`nates with the position coordinates of the selected destina-
`tion and determines a distance and a straight-line direction
`from the current position to the selected destination. A
`display displays the distance and a direction pointing indi—
`cator for showing the direction from the current position to
`the selected destination. In one embodiment, the navigation
`system is integrated with an audio entertainment system and
`shares a common display and housing.
`
`16 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets
`
`34
`
`
`MENU CHOICES
`
`EAST
`
`MALL
`
`8.3 ml
`
`
`
`ZTE Exhibit 1 021
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 1 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 2 of 20
`
`5,627,547
`
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 3 of 20
`
`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
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`Sheet 4 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 5 of 20
`
`5,627,547
`
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 6
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 6 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
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`Sheet 7 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6,1997
`
`Sheet 8 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`DESTINATION CATEGORIES
`
`SUB—CATEGORIES
`
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`132
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`40°30’ 34.2N
`118° 02’45.5w
`101 w. WASHINGTON
`(123) 555—5555
`8 a.m. - 12 p.m.
`
`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 9
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 9 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 10 of 20
`
`5,627,547
`
`174
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 11 of 20
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`I 5,627,547
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
`
`Sheet 12 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
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`5,627,547
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`May 6, 1997
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
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`Sheet 18 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`US. Patent
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`May 6, 1997
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`Sheet 19 of 20
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 20
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 20
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`US. Patent
`
`May 6, 1997
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`Sheet 20 of 20
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`5,627,547
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 21
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 21
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`5,627,547
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`1
`MAPLESS GPS NAVIGATION SYSTEM IN
`VEHICLE ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Technical Field
`
`This invention relates generally to navigation systems
`and, more particularly, to a mapless GPS based direction
`pointing navigation system integrated in a vehicle entertain-
`ment system such as a car radio and sharing a common
`display.
`2. Discussion
`
`The concepts of intelligent vehicle highway systems
`(IVHS) are changing the future of ground transportation
`systems. In particular, navigation systems have been devel-
`oped and are increasingly becoming available for use in
`assisting a mobile user. For example, on—board navigation
`systems are currently provided in some automotive vehicles
`to assist the driver of the vehicle in navigating the vehicle
`along a route or roadway system to reach a desired desti-
`nation.
`
`Early navigation systems generally did not have the
`availability of advanced positioning systems such as global
`positioning system (GPS). Instead, a number of early navi—
`gation systems often relied exclusively on dead reckoning
`techniques to account for a moving vehicle’s location.
`Generally spealn'ng. dead reckoning is the determination of
`position by advancing a known position using measured
`courses and distances. This generally involved determining
`a starting location and manually setting the vehicle’s posi-
`tion on an electronic map. With the use of a dead reckoning
`technique, an approximate path of travel of the vehicle could
`be computed and updated as the vehicle was driven. The
`travel path determination was often achieved by way of a
`compass reading and vehicle speed information or was
`achieved by some other kind of dead reckoning technique.
`However, many of the dead reckoning based navigation
`systems often failed to provide accurate and continuous
`navigation assistance and therefore required repeated cor—
`rections to the vehicle’s computed position.
`The development of the global positioning system (GPS)
`by the United States Department of Defense has greatly
`enhanced the ability to navigate. Currently, a constellation of
`satellites are in place orbiting the earth at high altitudes and
`transmitting radio waves which contain position inforrna—
`tion. With the use of GPS receivers, the position information
`can be received and used to calculate the current latitude and
`longitude position coordinates at the receiving location. The
`global positioning system is currently achieving recognition
`as the superior position locator system for providing accu—
`rate worldwide fixes.
`
`With the widespread availability of GPS, more recent
`navigation systems now rely on GPS to provide position
`information to compute a vehicle’s position. According to
`one approach,
`the computed position of the vehicle is
`contrasted to a digitized map. This technique, also lmown as
`map matching, requires a complex digitized map database
`and normally uses an expensive full function detailed map
`display to show the digitized map in relation to the vehicle’s
`position. The digitized map database has to consider one—
`way street information, ttn‘n restrictions and other roadway
`requirements. Often with the use of a complex algorithm, a
`computer would attempt to compute a best route from the
`vehicle’s current position to a desired destination, consid—
`ering all available street changes and travel restrictions. This
`results in turn-by-turn instructions in which a driver is
`instructed to turn left or right or proceed straight ahead on
`each approaching street.
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`The use of map matching navigation and other similar full
`function navigation systems has generally provided a user
`with the ability to follow calculated turn—by-turn instructions
`as computed by the navigation system. However, map
`matching techniques generally do not take into consideration
`changes in travel routes and roadway restrictions. That is,
`changes in a transportation system which often occur. espe-
`cially on roads subjected to road construction, remain unac-
`counted for. Also. some drivers may feel that the expensive
`full function displays may tend to cause the drivers to rely
`too heavily on the map display for driving instructions rather
`than for mere assistance. They therefore may feel that such
`displays are too distractive. Furthermore, most full function
`navigation systems are commercially available at a very
`high cost which often makes the systems unaffordable to a
`vast majority of consumers.
`Additionally,
`the commercially available full function
`navigation systems require a separate active matrix with an
`expensive mappable graphics display such as a liquid crystal
`display (LCD). Detailed mappable displays such as the LCD
`tend to be rather bulky and difficult to mount in a vehicle for
`easy viewing. In addition, the on—board computer and asso-
`ciated electronics in several conventional full function navi-
`
`gation systems are separately packaged and difficult to
`accomodate in a vehicle.
`
`It is therefore desirable to provide a low cost and easy-
`to—use navigation system which offers navigational assis-
`tance to a mobile user for traveling to desired destinations.
`More particularly, it is desirable to provide a mapless
`navigation system that employs global positioning system
`signals and destination database and provides destination
`direction pointing assistance in a manner which is affordable
`to many users.
`It is further desirable to provide a mapless navigation
`system which may easily be integrated into an audio enter-
`tainment system and installed in an automotive vehicle for
`use in assisting the driver of the vehicle to reach a desired
`destination.
`
`Yet, it is also desirable to provide such a navigation
`system which shares a common display with an audio
`entertainment system to display navigational information.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`In accordance with the teachings of the present invention,
`a mapless navigation system is integrated with a vehicle
`entertainment system for providing navigational assistance
`to a mobile user. The navigation system includes a position
`sensing receiver for receiving position information signals.
`The position information signals are processed to determine
`position latitude and longitude coordinates. The navigation
`system has a destination database containing a plurality of
`categorized destinations, destination position coordinates
`and information pertaining to the destinations. User select-
`able menu controls are provided to sequence through and
`select a destination and text
`information. A processor
`receives the current position and a selected destination and
`determines a straight-line distance and a direction from the
`current position to the selected destination. The navigation
`system shares a common display with the audio entertain—
`ment system. The display may provide the distance and a
`direction pointing indicator for providing a visual straight—
`1ine indication of the direction from the current position to
`the selected destination. In addition, the display may display
`position coordinates, menu selections and destination infor-
`mation when in the navigation display mode.
`This application is one of several applications filed on the
`same date, all assignable to Delco Electronics Corporation
`
`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 22
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 22
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`

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`5,627,547
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`3
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`and having similar specifications and drawings, these appli-
`cations being identified below by number. title and named
`inventors:
`
`
`U.S. Ser. No.
`Title
`
`R. Blunts 08/418931
`LOW COST NAVIGATION
`A. Ramaswamy
`SYSTEM WITH DESTINATION
`D. Welk
`DATABASE
`R. Brunts 08/419002
`MAPLESS GPS NAVIGATION
`D. Welk
`SYSTEM WITH USER
`MODIFIABIE DATABASE
`MAPLESS GPS NAVIGATION
`SYSTEM WITH RADIALLY
`SORT‘ABLE DESTINATIONS
`MAPLESS GPS NAVIGATION
`SYSTEM WITH ROTARY PUSH
`BUTTON USE INTERFACE
`CONTROL
`PCMCIA CARDS AS
`A. Ramaswamy 08/418809
`REPLACEABLE MEMORY 1N
`D. Well:
`GPS NAVIGATION SYSTEM
`R. Bruuts
`
`
`R. Brunts 08/419932
`D. Welk
`
`R. Brunt: 08/418934
`D. Well:
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Other objects and advantages of the present invention will
`become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the
`following detailed description and upon reference to the
`drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a front View of a navigation system packaged by
`itself according to one embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a front View of the navigation system integrated
`with an audio entertainment system in accordance with
`another embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the integrated navigation/
`audio entertainment system shown in FIG. 2;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram further illustrating the
`navigation/audio entertainment system of FIG. 2;
`FIG. 5 is a view of an automotive vehicle equipped with
`the navigation system of the present invention;
`FIG. 6 is a schematic View of the display graphics
`employed by the navigation system of the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a perspective View of a head-up—display which
`may be employed to supplement the display of FIG. 6
`according to an alternate embodiment;
`FIG. 8 illustrates a readable PCMCIA standard memory
`card which contains categorized destinations and destination
`information in a data base;
`FIG. 9 illustrates categories, categorized destinations and
`destination information contained in the data base that is
`stored on the memory card of FIG. 8;
`FIG. 10 illustrates menu selections which are available
`
`with the navigation system according to one example;
`FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating menu selection
`control with a menu choices rotary/pushbutton control
`switch;
`
`FIG. 12 illustrates the use of the navigation system for
`assisting a driver of a vehicle to reach a selected destination
`according to one example;
`FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating a methodology of
`providing position updates with the navigation system of the
`present invention;
`FIGS. 14A through 14C illustrate a sequencing of menu
`selections and displays when selecting a destination and
`destination information from the memory card destination
`data base; FIG. 14A shows selection of a fast food destina—
`
`4
`tion; FIG. 14B further shows selection of a fast food
`destination from a group of same name destinations; and
`FIG. 14C illustrates the menu selection sequencing and
`displays With a sort by distance operation;
`FIG. 15 illustrates a sequencing of menu selections and
`displays when entering a destination by latitude and longi-
`tude position coordinates in the latitude/longitude menu
`mode; and
`
`FIGS. 16A through 16E illustrate sequencing of menu
`selections and displays when saving and recalling stored
`destinations and information in a user programmable
`memory when in the save/recall menu mode; FIG. 16A
`illustrates saving the current position as a destination; FIG.
`16B illustrates saving the last selected data base destination;
`FIG. 16C illustrates saving a destination from the latitude/
`longitude menu mode; FIG. 16D illustrates recalling user
`stored destinations which were stored from the data base;
`and FIG. 16E illustrates recalling user stored destinations
`which were stored as latitude/longitude position coordinates.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`Turning now to FIGS. 1 and 2, a mapless navigation
`system is shown according to two embodiments 10A and
`10B of the present invention for providing navigation ser—
`vices. The navigation system 10A of FIG. 1 is configured as
`a stand-alone navigation unit. The navigation system 10B of
`FIG. 2 is integrated into an audio entertainment system of
`the type generally configured for installation in an automo-
`tive vehicle. Both embodiments of the navigation system
`10A and 10B contain similar navigation related components
`and provide the same or substantially similar navigation
`services. Accordingly, the navigation system is often gen-
`erally referred to herein as reference numeral 10. Like
`components in both system embodiments of 10A and 10B
`share like reference numerals.
`
`Referring particularly to FIG. 1, the stand—alone naviga-
`tion system 10A has a face plate 12A assembled on the fi‘ont
`side of a generally rectangular housing. The housing may
`include two side mount brackets (not shown) integral to
`housing and a rear mounted stud (also not shown) for
`mounting to a supportive structure. For automotive vehicle
`use, the housing is preferably mounted or integrated within
`the instrument panel (IP) of an automotive vehicle in a
`manner similar to the mounting of a car radio. However, the
`stand-alone navigation system 10A could be employed as a
`portable hand-held navigation unit and used for a wide
`variety of navigational applications.
`Extending from the face plate 12A of navigation system
`10A are several manually selectable controls for controlling
`various navigational functions. Included is an “ON/OFF”
`pushbutton control 14, a “MENU CHOICES” rotary/
`pushbutton control 16, a navigation menu selection “NAV
`MENU” pushbutton 18, an “UNDO” selection pushbutton
`22, an information “I” pushbutton 20, a sort by distance
`“SORT” pushbutton 24, a current position “POS” pushbut—
`ton 26 and a direction heading pushbutton 28.
`The navigation menu selection pushbutton 18, when
`manually depressed, displays the navigation main menu.
`The navigation main menu contains three navigation menus,
`namely, a destination menu, a latitude/longitude menu, and
`a save/recall menu. The menu choices rotary/pushbutton 16
`is rotatable to switch between various selections of a
`
`the
`selected navigation menu and depressible to select
`option that is currently displayed The undo pushbutton 22
`will undo the last selection and return to the previous
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 23
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`5,627,547
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`selection. Repeatedly pressing the undo pushbutton 22 will
`continue to undo the previous selections until the display 30
`returns to the main navigation menu. The information push-
`button 20 will retrieve alphanumeric text information per-
`taining to a selected destination. The sort by distance push—
`button 24 initiates a sorting function for sorting destinations
`based on distance from a particular location. The position
`pushbutton 26 displays the current latitude and longitude
`position coordinates, while direction heading pushbutton 28
`provides the current vehicle direction heading.
`The navigation system 10A includes a navigation grid—
`ance display 30 for displaying a direction pointing arrow 32
`and alphanumeric text 34. The direction pointing arrow 32
`points in the straight—line direction toward a selected desti-
`nation. The alphanumeric text 34 may include various
`destination names. distances. menu selection names, latitude
`and longitude position coordinates, current direction head-
`ing readings, time of day and other alphanumeric text
`information. After a specific destination is selected, the text
`information 34 may include the name of the selected desti—
`nation and the straight—line distance from the current posi-
`tion of the navigation system 10A to the selected destination.
`The direction pointing arrow 32 and distance readings are
`continually updated in response to sensed GPS signals and
`can be maintained when GPS'is unavailable with the use of
`a back-up dead reckoning technique.
`Because the number of predetermined destinations can be
`enormous, we prefer to group selected types of destinations
`into separate data bases and to store each data base on a
`separate readable memory card. Hence, only small data
`bases need be used. This feature of the invention permits use
`of a wide variety in types of destination groupings, as will
`hereinafter be explained. The memory card is about the size
`of a credit-card and is preferably formatted to PCMCIA
`standards. Use of PCMCIA standard connections to the card
`not only help maintain low cost but also provides other
`advantages which also will hereinafter be explained.
`To accommodate a large number of destinations, a plu-
`rality of memory cards are made available to select from.
`Each memory card would contain a selected type of data
`base as for example a camping information directory, a
`business directory, a restaurant/hotel directory, etc. for cov—
`ering a given geographic area. Each memory card provides
`categorized destinations with corresponding latitude and
`longitude position coordinates within a predefined territory
`and also includes alphanumeric text information pertaining
`to each of the destinations. For example, a business directory
`data base may provide business names, address locations,
`phone numbers and business operating hours, as well as
`other types of information.
`To access the destination information, the navigation
`system 10A is equipped with a memory card interface 36.
`With the appropriate memory card inserted in memory card
`interface 36, thousands of destinations are available for
`exploration. Since the PCMCIA memory cards are relatively
`small and of a standard interface type, their cost is mini-
`mized. Also, the PCMCIA memory card is small enough to
`allow one to carry a plurality of cards in a vehicle without
`an undue burden. Still further, the PCMCIA memory card
`could be readable by an ordinary computer having a com-
`patible program, and thus given it an alternate use for
`accessing information on computers which are compatible
`with the PCMCIA standard memory card.
`Businesses with many outlets, oflices or afliliates may find
`it economically worthwhile to compile data bases that
`include and/or favor themselves, and to distribute such data
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`bases on PCMCIA memory cards to potential customers at
`no or low cost. For example, a golf organization may find it
`advantageous to distribute PCMCIA memory cards
`equipped with a desired data bases to its members and
`potential members or customers. Such a marketing strategy
`will enable the card holder to navigate to destinations
`afiiliated with the organization.
`Still further, the PCMCIA memory card could be made
`with programmable memory that is inherently non-volatile
`or that has a battery back-up on the card. Such a memory
`card is more expensive but would oifer added flexibility in
`programming. A user could therefore save destination-
`related information on such a programmable memory card.
`One could even program such a programmable PCMCIA
`card with selected destinations on one’s personal computer
`and then use the PCMCIA memory card in a navigation
`system such as that described herein. A patent application on
`such a programmable memory card is expected to be filed
`Accordingly, use of the PCMCIA memory card for
`replaceable memory in this invention opens up a myriad of
`possibilities for types of data bases that might be stored on
`them for use in the navigation system 10 of this invention.
`With particular reference to FIG. 2, the navigation system
`10B is integrally packaged with an audio entertainment
`system and contains substantially the same navigation com-
`ponents and features provided in the stand-alone navigation
`system 10A. The navigation/audio entertainment system
`10B has a face plate 12B which likewise includes the
`“MENU CHOICES” rotary/pushbutton 16, navigation menu
`“NAV MENU” pushbutton 18, information “I” pushbutton
`20. “UNDO” pushbutton 22, sort by distance “SORT”
`pushbutton 24, position “POS” pushbutton 26 and current
`direction heading pushbutton 28. The integrated navigation/
`audio entertainment system 10B similarly has a guidance
`display 30 that is commonly shared among the navigation,
`audio radio and audio cassette tape modes of operation. That
`is, display 30 will provide the direction indicating arrow 32
`with the destination information 34 when in the navigation
`display mode. However, display 30, when in the audio radio
`display mode, will generally display AM or FM frequency
`selections in addition to the time of day and various types of
`radio related information. When in the audio cassette tape
`display mode, the display 30 will display information per-
`taining to the cassette tape operation.
`The integrated navigation/audio entertainment system
`103 is shown also containing various audio radio and
`cassette tape controls. More particularly, an AM/FM fre-
`quency band selection control pushbutton 40 toggles
`between the AM and FM radio frequency bands. A momen-
`tary pushbutton rocker switch 42 provides pushbutton fre-
`quency tuning selection and radio frequency seek control. In
`cooperation with ‘TONE” pushbutton switch 52, control
`switch 42 enables selection of various audio sound param-
`eters such as treble, bass, fade, balance and auto volume
`settings. Five user programmable station preset pushbuttons
`44 are available for storing and recalling programmed radio
`frequency selections from electronically erasable program-
`mable memory (EEPROM). Each of the five pushbuttons 44
`may access at least three memory locations which, in a radio
`receiver mode, stores one AM selection frequency and two
`FM frequency selections.
`The integrated navigation/audio entertainment system
`10B as shown in FIG. 2 also includes an audio cassette tape
`player 46. The cassette tape player 46 receives and reads
`stored audio information on an audio cassette tape (not
`shown) as is well known in the art. Audio cassette tape
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 24 ‘
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`ZTE Exhibit 1021 - 24
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`player 46 has function controls which include a tape eject
`pushbutton 48 and a side selector pushbutton 50 for select-
`ing between the first and second sides of an audio cassette
`tape.
`While the preferred embodiment of the navigation/audio
`entertainment system 10B includes an AM/FM radio and
`audio cassette tape player integrated with the navigation
`system in FIG. 2, it should be appreciated that other audio
`entertainment systems or combinations of audio systems
`may be combined with the navigation system. For example,
`an audio compact disc (CD) player could be emp