`
` BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`Page 1
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`INTEL CORP., )
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` )
`
` Petitioner, )
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` ) Case No. IPR2018-00226
`
` vs. ) U.S. Patent No. 7,124,205
`
` )
`
`ALACRITECH, INC., )
`
` )
`
` Patent Owner. )
`
`_________________________________)
`
` DEPOSITION OF BILL LIN
`
` La Jolla, California
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` Friday, August 24, 2018
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`Reported by:
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`ELIZABETH BORRELLI, CSR No. 7844, CCRR, CLR
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`JOB NO. 146787
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`Page 2
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` Deposition of BILL LIN, Volume I, taken on
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`behalf of the Patent Owner Alacritech, at 8901
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`Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037,
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`commencing at 9:29 a.m., Friday, August 24,
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`2018, before Elizabeth Borrelli, a Certified
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`Shorthand Reporter in the State of California,
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`License No. 7844.
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`Page 3
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`APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL:
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`For the Petitioner, Intel Corporation:
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` WEIL, GOTSHAL & MANGES
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` BY: AMANDA BRANCH
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` Attorney at Law
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` 201 Redwood Shores Parkway
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` Redwood Shores, California 94065
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`For the Patent Owner, Alacritech:
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` QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN
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` BY: SEAN LI
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` Attorney at Law
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` 50 California Street
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` San Francisco, California 94111
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` I N D E X
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`WITNESS EXAMINATION
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`BILL LIN
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`By MS. LI 5, 111
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`By MS. BRANCH 108
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`Page 4
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` EXHIBITS
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`LIN PAGE
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`Exhibit 1 United States Patent Number 7
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` 7,124,205 B2, 52 pages
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`Exhibit 2 Document titled "Declaration of 22
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` Bill Lin in Support of Petition
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` for Inter Partes Review of U.S.
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` Patent No. 7,124,205 Under 37
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` C.F.R. 1.68," 94 pages
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`Exhibit 3 Document titled "A Reduced 44
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` Operation Protocol Engine
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` (ROPE) for a multiple-layer
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` bypass architecture," 16 pages
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`Exhibit 4 Document titled "Technical 90
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` Standard - Protocols for X/Open
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` PC Interworking: SMB, Version
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` 2," 162 pages
`
` INFORMATION REQUESTED
`
` (None)
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` UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
`
` (None)
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` LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA; MONDAY, AUGUST 24, 2018
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` 9:29 A.M.
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`Page 5
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` DR. BILL LIN,
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` having been duly administered
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` an oath in accordance with CCP 2094,
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` was examined and testified as follows:
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` EXAMINATION
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Good morning, Dr. Lin.
`
` A. Good morning.
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` Q. May I state your -- can you state your
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`name and spell it, please?
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` MS. BRANCH: Sean, should we do
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`appearances?
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` MR. LI: Yes. Okay.
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` Sean Li from Quinn Emanuel representing
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`Alacritech.
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` MS. BRANCH: Amanda Branch from Weil,
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`Gotshal on behalf of Intel.
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` THE WITNESS: Bill Lin, B-I-L-L, L-I-N.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Good morning, Dr. Lin.
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` A. Good morning.
`
` Q. Have you been deposed before?
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` A. I have.
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` Q. How many times?
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` A. Maybe about 10 times. I don't know
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`exactly.
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` Q. Okay. So let me go through with you the
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`ground rules for this deposition so we are all on
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`the same page.
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` A. Okay.
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` Q. During this deposition I'll be asking you
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`a series of questions. My questions and your
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`answers will be transcribed by the court reporter.
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`Because the court reporter cannot record our, you
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`know, speaking when we talk over each other, so we
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`should try to avoid talking over each other.
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` Do you understand?
`
` A. Yes.
`
` Q. During the deposition your lawyer will
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`object to my questions, but you still have to answer
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`my questions as long as your lawyer does not
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`instruct you not to answer.
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` Do you understand?
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` A. Yes.
`
` Q. We'll take a break, you know, every now
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`and then, maybe every hour or so. If you want a
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`break, let me know, but if there's a pending
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`question before the break, you have to finish the
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`Page 7
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`question.
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` Do you understand?
`
` A. Yes.
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` Q. Are you on any medication that could
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`impede your ability to tell the truth?
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` A. No.
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` Q. Is there any reason that you cannot tell
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`the truth today?
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` A. No.
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` MR. LI: I'm going to introduce the first
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`exhibit. This will be Exhibit No. 1.
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` (Whereupon Exhibit 1 was marked for
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` identification.)
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. Do you recognize this document?
`
` A. Yes.
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` Q. Can you tell us what the document is?
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` A. It's what we refer to as the '205 patent.
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` Q. Okay. Do you see there's a label on the
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`lower right corner said "Intel Exhibit 1001"?
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` A. Yes.
`
` Q. Did you use this exhibit in your
`
`declaration for this case?
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` A. I believe so.
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` Q. When did you first read this -- this
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`patent?
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` A. I don't remember the exact date. It would
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`-- it's been a couple of years, so sometime late
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`2016. I don't remember exact date.
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` Q. Is that fair to say is after -- before
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`June 2016?
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` A. I honestly don't recall right now.
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` Q. Was it after June of 2016?
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` A. I honestly don't recall.
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` Q. Okay. But it was in 2016?
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` A. I -- I don't know for sure. I would have
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`to -- it's been a while so I don't remember exactly.
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` Q. Do you remember who presented this
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`document to you first?
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` A. I also don't remember.
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` Q. Did you find this patent by yourself?
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` A. No. I was asked to -- I was asked to
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`serve as an expert witness on this case, and I think
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`I must have seen this patent, you know, whenever I
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`was engaged at the time.
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` Q. Okay. Before you were engaged, did you
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`see this patent?
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` A. I'm not sure. I don't -- I'm not sure.
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` Q. Who asked you to be an expert witness in
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`this case?
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` MS. BRANCH: I caution the witness not to
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`reveal the contents of any privileged
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`communications, but you may the answer the question
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`with the basic information.
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` THE WITNESS: Yeah. I was approached by
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`the law firm Weil, Gotshal.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Do you remember who at the law firm
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`approached you first?
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` A. Actually, I don't remember.
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` Q. Do you have engagement letter with Weil,
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`Gotshal or Intel?
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` A. I don't remember, but I -- I don't
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`remember, but I think it was with Intel and Apple.
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`I'm sorry, sorry. Actually, I don't remember. I
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`don't remember.
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` Q. Okay. Do you have engagement letter
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`with -- with -- with companies other than Intel in
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`this case?
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` A. I'm trying to remember. So I -- so I
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`don't remember the -- the exact content of the
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`engagement letter. So -- but I was approached by
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`the law firm Weil, Gotshal to be an expert witness
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`and -- and I was also approached by, I think, the
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`law firm Duane Morris --
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` [Reporter requests clarification.]
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` MS. BRANCH: Duane.
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` THE WITNESS: Duane Morris. And I believe
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`Alston & Bird.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Who approached you first?
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` A. What do you mean?
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` Q. Which law firm approached you first in
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`this case?
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` A. I believe it was Weil, Gotshal.
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` Q. And when was that?
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` A. I don't remember. It -- this was a while
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`ago already now.
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` Q. Is that fair to say it's sometime in 2017?
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` A. I -- I just don't know. If I could
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`actually look up the engagement letter, then I would
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`be able to tell you, but I just don't remember.
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` Q. Okay. I do not believe the engagement
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`letter is produced in this case, but let me ask you
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`this: How -- what's your hourly rate in this case?
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` A. I believe it's $600 an hour.
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` Q. How many hours have you been working on
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`this case?
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` A. Oh, a lot. Several hundred by now.
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` Q. Several hundred hours?
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` A. Yeah.
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` Q. And what --
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` A. But I don't remember precisely the number.
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` Q. Uh-huh. When you send out your bills, who
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`-- who do you send it to?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I -- I send it through the
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`law firms.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. You send through the law firms, but in
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`your invoice, who is the -- who is the party that's
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`going to pay you?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I believe in the case of
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`Weil, Gotshal, it's Intel.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Do you also get paid by other companies in
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`this case?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Again, I have engagement
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`Duane Morris and Alston & Bird.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Does -- does Duane Morris pay you
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`directly?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't think so.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Who pays you directly?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I guess I'm not quite sure I
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`understand the question.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. So you said you have -- you have
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`engagement letter with Duane Morris and Alston &
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`Bird?
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` A. Uh-huh.
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` Q. And do you bill the two law firms, or you
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`bill a company or companies through these two law
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`firms?
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` A. I believe I --
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` MS. BRANCH: Same objection.
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` THE WITNESS: I believe I bill it through
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`the -- the companies through the law firms.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Which companies do you bill to --
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. -- through these law firm -- these two law
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`firms?
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` MS. BRANCH: Sorry. Objection.
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`Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Yeah, I'm not sure of the
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`relevance, but, again, I think I submit my invoices
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`for Intel through Weil, Gotshal.
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` MR. LI: Uh-huh.
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` THE WITNESS: And -- and I do the same
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`thing with respect to the other two law firms.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Yeah, but who are the two companies behind
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`these two law firms that you submit your bill to?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I would have to
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`double-check. For some reason, I'm drawing a blank,
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`but I believe I submit my invoices to Cavium through
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`Duane Morris, and for Dell through Alston & Bird.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. You said you worked on this case for
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`several hundred hours --
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. -- so far.
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` And how many hours have you been working
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`on for Intel, roughly?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Again, I -- I didn't
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`prepare -- it's -- you know, the invoices were sent
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`for over quite a long period of time, and I don't
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`remember precisely, but it's mostly through -- for
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`Intel.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Is that fair to say over 80 percent is for
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`Intel?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't remember the
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`percentage.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Is that more than 80 percent?
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` A. I think -- I don't remember the percentage
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`so I cannot answer more or less if I don't remember
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`what it was.
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` Q. How many -- let's see. How often do you
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`-- do you bill Intel --
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. -- in this case?
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` A. I think just through periods where I've
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`actually done work.
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` Q. Do you -- do you send out your bills every
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`month or every week or every season?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: They -- they -- I think they
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`-- they were -- during the periods when I'm actively
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`working on the case, I think they were at an
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`interval maybe one or two months.
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` MR. LI: Okay.
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` THE WITNESS: But certainly not weekly.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Is that fair to say you have been working
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`for Cavium -- well, let's -- let me rephrase the
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`question.
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` How many hours do you estimate that you --
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`you have billed Cavium for this case?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Again, I -- I didn't review
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`those invoices before this declaration so I just
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`don't remember.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Is that over 100 hours?
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` A. No, certainly not.
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` Q. Is that over 50 hours?
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` A. I -- I don't think so, but I'm not sure,
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`actually.
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` Q. When was the last time you sent bill to --
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`to Cavium?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I -- I don't remember. Was
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`that this year? I don't -- actually don't know. It
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`could have been, but I don't -- I don't remember.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. When was the last time you sent bill to --
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`to Intel?
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` A. Maybe in June or maybe -- you know, yeah,
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`I don't remember. Maybe it was in June or in May.
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`I just don't remember. May or June timeframe.
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` Q. When was the last time you sent bill to
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`Dell?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I, again, don't remember.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Was that in this year?
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` A. I just don't remember.
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` Q. Have you ever sent bill to -- to Dell?
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` A. Yes, of course.
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. How many hours do you estimate you worked
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`for Dell?
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` MS. BRANCH: Same objection.
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` THE WITNESS: I -- I just don't remember.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` MS. BRANCH: Same objection.
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` THE WITNESS: No, I don't think so.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Did you prepare for this deposition?
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` A. Yes, I did.
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` Q. How long have you been working on the
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`preparation for this deposition?
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` A. Maybe around 10 hours.
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` Q. Okay. When did you start working on that?
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` A. Earlier this week.
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` Q. Did you review any documents?
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` A. I did.
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` Q. What document did you review?
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` A. The '205 patent. I reviewed the Thia
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`reference. I reviewed what we call the SMB
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`reference. And I reviewed the Carmichael reference.
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` Q. Did you review any other documents?
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` A. I don't think so.
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` Q. Did you talk with any attorneys to prepare
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`this deposition?
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` MS. BRANCH: Caution the witness not to
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`reveal the contents of any communication, but you
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`can answer the question with the basic information.
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` THE WITNESS: Yes. I've met with Amanda
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. And when was that?
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` A. Yesterday.
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` Q. How long was the meeting?
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` A. About six hours, I think.
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` Q. Did you talk with any other lawyers for
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`this deposition?
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` A. Yeah. I think I might have -- well, we
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`had a brief phone call with Anne Cappella.
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` Q. Who is Anne Cappella?
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` A. She's with the Weil, Gotshal also.
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` MS. BRANCH: I -- Counsel, I can tell you
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`she's of record in the proceeding.
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` MR. LI: Yeah, okay.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Did you talk with anyone at Duane Morris?
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` A. I did not.
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` Q. Did you talk with anyone at Alston & Bird?
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` A. I did not.
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` Q. When was the last time you talked with
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`lawyers at Duane Morris?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't remember.
`
`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Was that in this year?
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` MS. BRANCH: Same.
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` THE WITNESS: Possible, but I don't
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`remember.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. When was the last time you talked with
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`lawyers at -- at Alston & Bird?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: As -- I just don't recall
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`right now.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Was that in this year?
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` A. Possible, but I don't remember.
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` Q. Do you remember -- do you remember having
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`any conference with -- with lawyers from Weil,
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`Gotshal, Alston & Bird and Duane Morris together any
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`time?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't think so.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. Have you ever talked with -- you know,
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`since this case, have you ever talked with any
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`employees of Dell?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Vague.
`
`Objection. Relevance.
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`Dell -- employees from Dell.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Do you recall talking with any employees
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`from Intel?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form. Objection.
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`Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't recall. I may have,
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`but I don't recall right now.
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` MR. LI: Uh-huh.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't remember right now.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Why do you think you may have?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form. Objection.
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`Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I'm not sure. I just don't
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`remember. It's -- it's been so long.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Do you remember talking with any employees
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`from -- from Cavium?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't remember --
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` MS. BRANCH: Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: -- talking to somebody from
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`Cavium.
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` Q. Do you have any engagement letter with --
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`with the company Wistron?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Do you have any engagement letter with
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`Century Link?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Have you ever talked with attorneys
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`representing Century Link or Wistron?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I don't think so.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. So you just said you -- you worked on --
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`worked on the preparation of this deposition for
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`about 10 hours?
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` A. Roughly.
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` Q. Roughly.
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` And you had a six-hours meeting with --
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`with Counsel yesterday?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. Is that included in this 10 hour?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. So basically you worked on the preparation
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`for four hours before you met Counsel?
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` A. I don't -- I don't know it was before or
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`-- you know, some before, some after.
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` Q. Some before, some after.
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` And who are you going to bill those hours
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`to?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I think most likely through
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`-- to Intel.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Are you going to bill any of them to -- to
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`Cavium or Dell?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: I'm not sure.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. What do you mean by you're not sure?
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` A. My -- I think I will bill these 10 hours
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`to Intel.
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` MR. LI: I'm going to introduce the next
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`exhibit, which is Exhibit No. 2.
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` (Whereupon Exhibit 2 was marked for
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` identification.)
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Exhibit No. 2 is labeled as Intel
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`Exhibit 1003.
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` Do you recognize this document?
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` A. Yes, I do.
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` Q. What is this document?
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` A. It appears to be my declaration.
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` Q. When did you draft this declaration?
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` [Reporter requests clarification.]
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` MR. LI: Draft.
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` THE WITNESS: Again, I don't remember.
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`It's been some time ago.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. Is that in 2017?
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` A. I just don't remember.
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` Q. Let's turn to page with Bates No.
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`Exhibit 1003.050.
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. Do you see your signature there?
`
` A. Yes, okay.
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` Q. That's your signature?
`
` A. Correct.
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` Q. Do you see the date?
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` A. I do.
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` Q. What is the date?
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` A. It says May 5, 2017.
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`drafted before May 5, 2017?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. Does that refresh your memory when exactly
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`this was prepared?
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` A. It was filed -- or I signed the
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`declaration on May 5, 2017, so it was prepared
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`before then.
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` Q. Do you believe there's any work in this
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`declaration was done after May 5, 2017?
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` A. I don't understand the question.
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` Q. Do you -- so the sig- -- the date here is
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`May 5, 2017, right?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. All of the work you did for the
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`declaration was done before May 5, 2017; is that
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`right?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form. Objection.
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`Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Yeah, this declaration, the
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`text that's in the four corners of this document,
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`was finalized by May 5, 2017.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. But do you know when this document was
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`actually filed with the -- with the board?
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` A. I do not know.
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` Q. I'll represent to you this document was
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`filed as part of the petition 2018-00226.
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` Do you believe you've added any new
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`information or content to this document after May 5,
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`2017?
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` A. I don't believe so.
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` Q. Okay. So if you go to the first page, the
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`cover page of this document it says "U.S. Patent
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`No. 7,124,205.
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` Do you see that?
`
` A. Correct.
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` Q. So this declaration is about a declaration
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`for -- for -- for this patent, this 7,124,205; is
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`that right?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. How long have you been spending on -- on
`
`this declaration, you know, to prepare it?
`
` A. Again, it's been some -- quite some time I
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`submitted my invoices for billing, but I believe
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`until this time I -- I would have spent quite a bit
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`of time.
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` Q. Do you have an estimation?
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` A. I don't recall. I think it would be -- it
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`would surely be over 100 hours by then, but I don't
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`know a particular number.
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` Q. Is that over 200 hours?
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` A. I don't -- I don't recall.
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` Q. Can you turn to page 017?
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` A. 017.
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` Q. That's page 14 of the declaration.
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` A. I'm there, yes.
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` Q. Okay. Do you see there's a Section No. 2,
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`"Portions of the Protocol Offloaded"?
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` [Reporter requests clarification.]
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` MR. LI: "Portions of the Protocol
`
`Offloaded."
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` THE WITNESS: Yes.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. Okay. And paragraph 31 says, "As
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`explained in Dr. Horst's declaration (see paragraph
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`61), the portion of the protocol offloaded can be
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`between full and partial offload."
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` Do you see that?
`
` A. Yes.
`
` Q. And you mention Dr. Horst here.
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` Do you know who Dr. Horst is?
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` A. I -- I believe he's one -- he's one of the
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`witnesses retained for some of the other patents.
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` Q. Have you ever talked with Dr. Horst in
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` A. Not about the case, no.
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` Q. Have you ever talked with Dr. Horst ever?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I -- I think I might have,
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`but nothing about -- nothing about this matter.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Okay. But -- but you have -- you have met
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`him?
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` A. I have not met with him as a person, I
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`mean, in terms of one on one, but we might have been
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`at the Weil, Gotshal office at the same time, when,
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`you know, there were lunch -- you know, open lunch
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`area.
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` Q. And you have not talked with Dr. Horst
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`about this case ever?
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` A. No.
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` Q. Have you reviewed Dr. Horst's declaration
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`in this case?
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` A. I believe I -- I reviewed the -- the
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`portion of the declaration that pertains to the
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`background section only.
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` Q. Okay. Who sent you the declaration,
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`Dr. Horst's declaration?
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` A. So, again, I think I've -- I've only
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`reviewed the background portion of the declaration.
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`I don't believe I've seen the rest of his
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`declarations. And I re- -- I think it was Weil,
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`Gotshal that provided with that background section
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`to review.
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` Q. How long did you spend on reviewing the --
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`the -- the -- Dr. Horst's declaration?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Relevance.
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` THE WITNESS: Just to be clear, I just
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`reviewed the background section. I don't think I
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`was provided with any other parts of his
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`declaration. And I don't remember precisely how
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`much time I spent on this.
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`BY MR. LI:
`
` Q. Did you review any -- any exhibits cited
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`in Dr. Horst's declaration?
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` A. For -- I think for all of the references
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`that I've cited to here in my own declaration, I've
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`reviewed those -- those references myself.
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` Q. So if we look at paragraph 30, it mentions
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`several exhibits, for example, Woodside, TCP/IP
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`protocol offload from -- for Bach, Erickson, Morris,
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`Cooper, Kung, and all these references in paragraph
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`30.
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` Have you reviewed all of them?
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` A. I believe I've reviewed them to the extent
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`that I reviewed Dr. Horst's background declaration,
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`and read -- and I reviewed the -- the explanation to
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`the extent that each of these references provide an
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`example of a full offload and partial offload and so
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`forth. So I've reviewed those references to confirm
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`that, indeed, those references were about certain
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`types of partial offload or certain types of full
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`offload.
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` Q. What do you mean by "full offload"?
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` A. Full offload usually means the enti- --
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`the implementation of the entire protocol stack away
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`from the host CPU.
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` Q. What do you mean by "entire protocol
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`stack"? What does that include?
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` A. It depends on the -- the paper or the
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`reference that describes the capability. So, for
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`example, some of the references talk about
`
`implementing the TCP/IP protocol suite --
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` [Reporter requests clarification.]
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` THE WITNESS: TCP/IP protocol suite in a
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`separate piece of computing -- separate piece of
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`computing hardware from the host CPU.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. So is offloading TCP/IP full offload or --
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`or partial offload?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I think in each reference
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`that -- that I refer to, they, themselves, will say
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`what they're offloading. So if the paper is about
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`offloading TCP/IP protocol, then it will be a full
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`offloading of the TCP/IP protocol.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Does that mean it will also offload
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`protocol -- I guess -- I guess my question is, what
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`does "full" mean here? Like, the scope of "full"
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`does not mean offload every protocol layers?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I think the references
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`that -- that talk about the full offloading of
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`TCP/IP, it will be the full offloading of TCP and
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`IP.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. Okay. Does that mean offloading any other
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`layers?
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` A. I think the references, when they talk
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`about the full offloading of TCP/IP, they're
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`offloading the TCP processing and they're offloading
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`the IP processing, and it's well known that the
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`layers below IP, they're often implemented in
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`hardware already.
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` Q. By "hardware," you mean what? What does
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`"hardware" mean here?
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` A. It -- some of the data link layer and
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`physical layer are typically inter -- implemented in
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`some form of interface adapter.
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` Q. So -- so you said when TCP/IP are
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`offloaded, the lower layers are naturally offloaded
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`to -- to the -- to the interface adapter?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I think the references that
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`talk about offloading TCP and IP, the authors know
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`that it's well known in the art already that the
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`layers below IP, offloading of those has already
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`been done before.
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`BY MR. LI:
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` Q. But does that mean they -- they are
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`necessarily offloaded to the adapter? Does that
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`mean the -- the lower layers are necessarily
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`offloaded to adapter?
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` MS. BRANCH: Objection. Form.
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` THE WITNESS: I think it depends on the
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`particular disclosure in these references. If they
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`-- if they describe the offloading of the TCP/IP as
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`part of some network interface device, then it would
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`include the -- the lower layers. If they showed as
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`a separate card from the interface device, then the
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`offloading of the TCP/IP will be on one card, and
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`the offloading of the lower layer protocols will be
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`on anoth