`
`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`___________________
`
`SANDVINE CORPORATION and SANDVINE INCORPORATED ULC,
`
`PETITIONERS,
`
`V.
`
`PACKET INTELLIGENCE, LLC,
`
`PATENT OWNER.
`
`___________________
`
`Case No. IPR2017-00769
`U.S. Patent No. 6,651,099
`___________________
`
`DECLARATION OF KEVIN C. ALMEROTH, PH.D.
`
`PACKET INTELLIGENCE LLC 2001 - 00001
`
`Petitioner Riot Games – Ex. 1058,
`Riot Games, Inc. v. PalTalk Holdings, Inc., IPR2018-00129, -130, -131, -132, Cover
`
`
`
`54.
`
`The Network layer (layer 3) includes protocols such as the Internet
`
`Protocol, also known as IP, used to support network routing decisions that guide
`
`traffic through the Internet. The Physical layer (layer 1) includes protocols such as
`
`Ethernet, which control the transmission of raw data onto the wire.
`
`55.
`
`The OSI model provides a basic framework for understanding (1) high
`
`level networking, (2) how certain hardware and software elements interact, and (3)
`
`the relationship of specific information contained within a packet. It serves a
`
`generic means to separate computer networking functions into discrete functional
`
`groups.
`
`B.
`
`Data Encapsulation
`
`level protocol message and packaging it into one or more lower‐level protocol
`
`56.
`
`Encapsulation enables protocol layering, which is taking a higher-
`
`messages. Several layers, or protocols, may be involved in a single network
`
`communication. At the beginning of a network transmission, an application writes
`
`a message/data in an application layer protocol, for example, HTTP or the Skype
`
`protocol—this is OSI layer 7. In the image below (which was prepared to illustrate
`
`the encapsulation concept), the message is represented by the red block called
`
`“DATA” at the top right:
`
`24
`
`PACKET INTELLIGENCE LLC 2001 - 00026
`
`Petitioner Riot Games – Ex. 1058,
`Riot Games, Inc. v. PalTalk Holdings, Inc., IPR2018-00129, -130, -131, -132, p. 24
`
`
`
`57.
`
`In order to send the actual message to another computer across a
`
`network, the application data (i.e., the “DATA” block in the image above) is
`
`encapsulated. Encapsulation appends additional headers for other lower level
`
`layers in the OSI model to the application layer data. The image above illustrates
`
`this by the addition of “H” blocks (i.e., headers) to the left of the application
`
`message at each lower OSI level. Each header contains information that help
`
`components in the network (switches, routers, gateways, etc.) route the data packet
`
`to its destination.
`
`58. Before transmission, and after possible encapsulation in layers 6, 5,
`
`and 4, a message may be broken into one or more IP messages (or packets) that are
`
`constructed in conformance with the IP protocol. The IP protocol layer is layer 3.
`
`Each of these IP packets includes a header with information specific to the IP
`25
`
`PACKET INTELLIGENCE LLC 2001 - 00027
`
`Petitioner Riot Games – Ex. 1058,
`Riot Games, Inc. v. PalTalk Holdings, Inc., IPR2018-00129, -130, -131, -132, p. 25
`
`
`
`Executed this 26th day of April, 2017, in Santa Barbara, California.
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`______________________
`
`Kevin C. Almeroth, Ph.D.
`
`41
`
`PACKET INTELLIGENCE LLC 2001 - 00043
`
`Petitioner Riot Games – Ex. 1058,
`Riot Games, Inc. v. PalTalk Holdings, Inc., IPR2018-00129, -130, -131, -132, p. 41
`
`
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