Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 1 of 10 PageID #: 1
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`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
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`))))))
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`C.A. No. _____________
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`JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
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`
`
`PALTALK HOLDINGS, INC.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`v.
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`RIOT GAMES, INC.,,
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`Defendant.
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`PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT
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`Plaintiff PalTalk Holdings, Inc. (“PalTalk”) brings this action against Riot Games, Inc.
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`(“Riot Games”), and for its causes of action alleges as follows:
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`THE PARTIES
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`1.
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`PalTalk is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business at 500 North
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`Broadway, Suite 259 Jericho, NY 11753. PalTalk was incorporated in 2001 and is the owner of
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`various patents relating to methods and systems for communicating over networks.
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`2.
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`Upon information and belief, Riot Games, Inc. is a Delaware corporation having a principal
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`place of business in Los Angeles, California and offering its products and services, including those
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`accused herein of infringement, to customers and/or potential customers located in the District of
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`Delaware. Riot Games may be served with process through its registered agent: The Corporation
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`Trust Company (registered agent) Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE
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`19801.
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 1
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 2 of 10 PageID #: 2
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`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
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`3.
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`This is an action for patent infringement under the Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. § 271. Riot Games
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`provides infringing services in the District of Delaware. This Court has personal jurisdiction over
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`Riot Games, in part, because Riot Games provides infringing online services to subscribers who
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`reside in this district. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction by virtue of Sections 1331 and
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`1338(a) of Title 28, United States Code.
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`4.
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`Venue in this Court is proper by virtue of Sections 1391(b) and (c) and 1400(b) of Title 28,
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`United States Code as the Court has personal jurisdiction over Riot Games.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE PATENTS
`
`5.
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`PalTalk’s predecessor-in-interest, HearMe (formerly known as MPath Interactive Inc.), is
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`one of the early pioneers of technology that allows users to participate in multiplayer games over
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`the Internet. Multiplayer games conducted over wide area networks generally involve difficult
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`technical issues because of the requirement that all players have the same view of the game
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`environment in real-time. PalTalk’s technology provides for efficient handling of communications
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`between players necessary to maintain a consistent game environment for all players. PalTalk’s
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`technology covers a number of aspects of online gaming, including communications through a
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`group messaging server as well as establishing groups for online game play.
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`6.
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`PalTalk’s predecessor-in-interest filed numerous patent applications that cover online
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`gaming technology. On October 13, 1998, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued
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`the first of these utility patent applications. Specifically, United States Patent No. 5,822,523 (the
`
`“’523 Patent”) was duly and legally issued to MPath Interactive Inc. as the legal assignee of the
`
`inventors, Jeffrey Rothschild, Marc Kwiatkowski, and Daniel Samuel. The title of the ’523 Patent
`
`is “Server-Group Messaging System for Interactive Applications.” A true and correct copy of the
`
`
`
`2
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 2
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 3 of 10 PageID #: 3
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`’523 Patent is attached as Exhibit “A.”
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`7.
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`Thereafter, the United States Patent Office issued other patents on HearMe’s technology,
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`including U.S. Patent No. 6,226,686 (the “’686 Patent”), which issued on May 1, 2001. A true
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`and correct copy of the’686 Patent is attached as Exhibit “B.” The ’686 Patent is a continuation
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`of U.S. Patent No. 6,018,766, which is a continuation of the ’523 Patent. The ’523 Patent and the
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`’686 Patent collectively constitute the “PalTalk Patents.” In 2002, HearMe sold the PalTalk
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`Patents to PalTalk Holdings, Inc.
`
`8.
`
`On or around June 14, 2010, an ex-parte reexamination request no. 90/011,033 with respect
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`to the ‘523 Patent was filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). All
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`claims of the ‘523 Patent were confirmed patentable without amendment. An additional 41 claims
`
`(claims 7–47) were added.
`
`9.
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`On or around June 14, 2010, an ex-parte reexamination request no. 90/011,036 with respect
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`to the ‘686 Patent was filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Claims
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`1–4 and 7–19 were confirmed patentable without amendment. Claims 5 and 6 were canceled. An
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`additional 51 claims (claims 20–70) were added.
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`10.
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`Presumably, these reexamination requests stemmed from litigation that was ongoing at the
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`time between PalTalk and various other companies including Sony Computer Entertainment
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`America Inc., Activision Blizzard, Inc., and NCSOFT Corporation in the Eastern District of Texas.
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`All of those prior litigations have been resolved, resulting in these former defendants taking
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`licenses to the patents-in-suit.
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`TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND
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`11.
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`Before a group of players can form an online game, they must establish channels of
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`communication between their respective computers. Each computer participating in the online
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`
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`3
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 3
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 4 of 10 PageID #: 4
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`game play must be capable of transmitting its player’s movements to the group such that all players
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`have consistent views of the game environment. The transmissions must occur frequently in order
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`to maintain consistency between the computers. The frequency requirement is particularly
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`important in action-oriented video games with high resolution graphics. Such games require very
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`frequent updates from most or all players in order to maintain a real-time consistent view of the
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`game environment. The large number of communications necessary from a number of players can
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`result in bandwidth or computer processing bottlenecks.
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`12.
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`To alleviate these problems, the ’523 Patent describes, as a preferred embodiment, using a
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`group messaging server to receive the individual messages from each computer. The group
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`messaging server maintains an accurate list of all members of the group, eliminating the need for
`
`each member of the group to maintain its own independent list. The group messaging server of
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`the ’523 Patent also is capable of aggregating the payload portions of the individual messages into
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`an aggregated message, which the group messaging server may then send to each group member.
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`Aggregation through the group messaging server simplifies the communications between
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`computers by reducing the number of messages that each individual computer must send and
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`receive.
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`13.
`
`The ’686 Patent describes and claims forming a message group and maintaining
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`consistency between the computers within the group. In particular, the ’686 Patent describes
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`receiving a create message specifying a message group to be created and receiving join messages
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`from a first subset of host computers specifying the message group. The ’686 Patent also describes
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`receiving host messages from a second subset of the first subset of host computers within the
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`message group and aggregating the payload portions of those host messages to form an aggregated
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`message. The aggregated message is then sent to the first subset of host computers within the
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`
`
`4
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 4
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 5 of 10 PageID #: 5
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`message group. The method described in the ’686 Patent similarly facilitates efficient
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`communications between host computers and reduces the burden of maintaining consistency
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`between the host computers within the message group.
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`14.
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`After MPath invented its technology, online game play became one of the most popular
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`Internet activities.
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`PREVIOUS LITIGATION
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`15.
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`In October of 1999, Hearme, f/k/a Mpath Interactive Inc. brought suit for patent
`
`infringement regarding the ‘523 Patent against Lipstream Networks, Inc. in California. The case
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`settled around September of 2000.
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`16.
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`In September of 2006, PalTalk brought suit against Microsoft Corporation in the Eastern
`
`District of Texas for its infringement of the ‘523 and ‘686 Patents. The case went to trial in March
`
`of 2009. During trial, evidence was discussed concerning how Microsoft wanted Mpath’s
`
`technology for itself and expressed how unique it was and discussed the significant advantages it
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`offered. Microsoft employees made proposals to Bill Gates that Microsoft acquire Mpath in the
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`mid-1990s. Facing powerful evidence of infringement and validity, Microsoft settled the case
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`during trial in exchange for a license.
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`17.
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`In September of 2009, PalTalk brought suit against Sony Corporation, Activision, Blizzard,
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`NCSoft, Jagex, Turbine, and other related companies in the Eastern District of Texas. Similar to
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`Microsoft, many of these entities settled on the brink of trial in September of 2011 in exchange for
`
`a license.
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`18.
`
`Leaders in the video gaming industry have paid, in total, many tens of millions of dollars
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`to PalTalk in connection with the ‘523 and ‘686 Patents.
`
`
`
`
`
`5
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 5
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 6 of 10 PageID #: 6
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`DIRECT INFRINGEMENT
`
`PalTalk incorporates its previous allegations by the reference.
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`PalTalk is the assignee of the ‘523 and ‘686 Patents and has all rights, title, and interest in
`
`19.
`
`20.
`
`and to each of the PalTalk Patents, including all substantial rights in and to the PalTalk Patents,
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`and including the right to sue and collect damages, including damages for past infringement.
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`21.
`
`Prior to filing this suit, PalTalk complied with the marking requirement pursuant to 35
`
`U.S.C. § 287(a) and is thus entitled to recover past damages for the infringement of the PalTalk
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`Patents, as more fully described below.
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`LEAGUE OF LEGENDS
`
`22.
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`League of Legends (“LoL”) is a multiplayer online battle arena (“MOBA”) video game
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`developed and published by Riot Games.
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`23.
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`Upon information and belief, LoL grossed in excess of $1 billion dollars for Riot Games
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`in 2015, making it one of the most profitable online games in the world. This revenue comes in
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`part at least from the sale of virtual goods and other game related benefits connected with LoL.
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`24.
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`LoL has become one of the most popular games in the world, with peak simultaneous
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`players in excess of 7,000,000 in many months.
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`25.
`
`Riot Games has servers that support LoL in multiple locations in the United States.
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`‘523 Patent Infringement
`
`26.
`
`Riot Games has directly infringed at least Claim 1 of the ‘523 Patent, either literally or
`
`under the doctrine of equivalents, by and through its use of the methods claimed in the ‘523 Patent
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`in this country in connection with at least LoL. This conduct constitutes infringement under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 271(a). An exemplary claim chart is provided in Exhibit C.
`
`27.
`
`Every step of the method of at least Claim 1 of the ‘523 Patent is attributable to Riot Games
`
`
`
`6
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 6
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 7 of 10 PageID #: 7
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`by virtue of Riot Games’ ownership and control of its own servers which perform various method
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`steps, and through Riot Games’ licensing and software agreements with its players.
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`28. With respect to the limitation in Claim 1 of “sending, by a plurality of host computers…,”
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`Riot Games expressly conditions participation in LoL, as well as receipt of benefits of having
`
`champions, upgrades, game items, influence points, riot points, virtual goods, and other game-
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`related benefits, upon the performance of this step of the patented method.
`
`29.
`
`By way of a non-limiting example, each player is required to download and install a valid
`
`copy of Riot Games’ software (Exhibit D, Terms of Use Agreement (“TOU”), at Preamble, § 2),
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`only use Riot Games’ software to play the LoL game (TOU § V.J–K), and must not modify Riot
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`Games’ software (Exhibit D, End User License Agreement (“EULA”) § III.C).
`
`30.
`
`Riot Games can change and automatically update the software at any time for any reason
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`at Riot Games’ sole and absolute discretion. TOU § VII.B; EULA § VII.A, IX. The player does
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`not own the software, has no rights to the software, and merely has a “limited, non-exclusive, non-
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`transferable license” (revocable at anytime at Riot's sole discretion) to use the software for non-
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`commercial, entertainment purposes, that is expressly conditioned on the player’s compliance with
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`the TOU, EULA, and other conditions. EULA § I, III; TOU § I, XVI.
`
`31.
`
`Riot Games establishes the manner of the performance of this step through Riot Games’
`
`software which the player must download and install to play the game, must use to play the game,
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`cannot modify, and must accept all changes imposed by Riot Games. E.g., TOU § V.J–K, VII.B;
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`EULA § III.C, VII.A, IX. The software must be used to perform this step, and the player has no
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`choice as to the manner in which this step is performed. The entire organization of the claimed
`
`message(s) and their sending to Riot Games’ servers is accomplished by Riot Games’ software
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`(that Riot Games owns, controls, and exercises dominion over) in the way that Riot Games
`
`
`
`7
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 7
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 8 of 10 PageID #: 8
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`programmed the software to perform.
`
`32.
`
`Riot Games establishes the timing of the performance of this step through its software that
`
`is programmed to immediately send the claimed message(s) directly or indirectly in response to
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`player input and/or server information, commands, or authorization.
`
`33.
`
`By virtue of Riot Games’ agreement with each player, Riot Games has the complete right
`
`at any time and at Riot Games’ sole discretion to stop and/or limit the performance of this
`
`infringing step by modifying the player's software. E.g., TOU § III.E, V.J–K, VII.B; EULA § III.C,
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`VII.A, IX.
`
`34.
`
`Riot Games also establishes the manner and timing of the players' performance so that a
`
`player can only avail themselves of the game upon the performance of this claimed step. Id.
`
`35.
`
`It is impossible to play the LoL game without the Riot Games software performing this
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`step, the player cannot modify the software, and the player has no other ability to interact with the
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`game except through the software.
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`36.
`
`Riot Games’ employees also play the LoL game on behalf of Riot Games during
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`development, beta testing, live testing, playtesting, demonstrations, and to advance their
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`understanding of Riot Games’ product offerings.
`
`37.
`
`Accordingly, Riot Games is a direct infringer of at least Claims 1 of the ‘523 Patent.
`
`‘686 Patent Infringement
`
`38.
`
`Riot Games has directly infringed at least Claim 7 of the ‘686 Patent, either literally or
`
`under the doctrine of equivalents, by and through its use of the methods claimed in the ‘686 Patent
`
`in this country in connection with at least LoL. This conduct constitutes infringement under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 271(a). An exemplary claim chart is provided in Exhibit E.
`
`39.
`
`Every step of the method of at least Claim 7 of the ‘686 Patent is attributable to Riot Games
`
`
`
`8
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 8
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 9 of 10 PageID #: 9
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`by virtue of Riot Games’ ownership and control of its own servers which perform the claimed
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`method steps.
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`40.
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`As a result of Riot Games’ infringement of the PalTalk Patents, PalTalk has been damaged
`
`and as a result is entitled to recover damages which in no event can be less than a reasonable
`
`royalty, including its costs, and pre-judgment and post-judgment interest pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §
`
`284.
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`DAMAGES
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`41.
`
`Riot Games’ acts of infringement of PalTalk’s Patents as alleged above has injured PalTalk
`
`and thus PalTalk is entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for that infringement,
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`which in no event can be less than a reasonable royalty.
`
`JURY DEMAND
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`42.
`
`PalTalk demands a trial by jury on all issues so triable, including the Defendant’s
`
`counterclaims and affirmative defenses, if any.
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`PRAYER FOR RELIEF
`
`WHEREFORE, PalTalk prays for entry of judgment:
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`That Defendant, Riot Games, has infringed one or more claims of the ‘523 Patent;
`
`That Defendant, Riot Games, has infringed one or more claims of the ‘686 Patent;
`
`That Defendant, Riot Games, account for and pay to ‘523 Patent all damages caused
`
`by the infringement of the ‘523 Patent, which by statute can be no less than a reasonable royalty;
`
`D.
`
`That Defendant, Riot Games, account for and pay to ‘686 Patent all damages caused
`
`by the infringement of the ‘686 Patent, which by statute can be no less than a reasonable royalty;
`
`E.
`
`That PalTalk be granted pre-judgment and post-judgment interest on the damages
`
`caused to it by reason of the Defendant Riot Games’ infringement of the ‘523 Patent and the ‘686
`
`
`
`9
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 9
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 10 of 10 PageID #: 10
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`Patent; and
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`F.
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`That PalTalk be granted such other and further relief that is just and proper under
`
`the circumstances.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Of Counsel:
`
`Matthew J.M. Prebeg
`Matthew S. Compton, Jr
`PREBEG, FAUCETT & ABBOTT PLLC
`8441 Gulf Freeway, Suite 307
`Houston, Texas 77017
`(832) 742-9260
`
`
`Dated: December 16, 2016
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ASHBY & GEDDES
`
`/s/ Andrew C. Mayo
`
`
`
`John G. Day (#2403)
`Andrew C. Mayo (#5207)
`500 Delaware Avenue, 8th Floor
`P.O. Box 1050
`Wilmington, DE 19801
`(302) 654-1888
`jday@ashby-geddes.com
`amayo@ashby-geddes.com
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`
`
`
`10
`
`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 10
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 1 of 38 PageID #: 11
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`EXHIBIT A
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 11
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 F ed 12/16/16 Page 2 of 38 Page D
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 12
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 3 of 38 PageID #: 13
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 13
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 4 of 38 PageID #: 14
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 14
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 5 of 38 PageID #: 15
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 15
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 6 of 38 PageID #: 16
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 16
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 7 of 38 PageID #: 17
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 17
`
`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 8 of 38 PageID #: 18
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 18
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`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 9 of 38 PageID #: 19
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 19
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 10 of 38 PageID #: 20
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 20
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 11 of 38 PageID #: 21
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 21
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 12 of 38 PageID #: 22
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 22
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 13 of 38 PageID #: 23
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 23
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 14 of 38 PageID #: 24
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 24
`
`

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`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 15 of 38 PageID #: 25
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`Petitioner Riot Games, Inc. - Ex. 1016, p. 25
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-01240-SLR Document 1-1 Filed 12/16/16 Page 16 of 38 PageID #: 26
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