20 - 12/97
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
`
`This is a request for filing a PROVrSIONAL APPLICATION under 37 CFR l . 53 ( c}.
`
`BOX PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
`Assi stant Commissioner for Patents
`Washington, D. C. 20231
`
`Docket NU:mber: CETA-003Xq800
`
`Type a Plus sign (+ )
`inside this box ~
`
`+
`
`INVENTOR(s}/APPLICANT(s}
`
`LAST NAME
`
`Rogers
`
`FIRST NAME
`
`Steven
`
`MIDDLE INITIAL
`
`A.
`
`RESIDENCE (CITY ANP EITllER STATE
`OR POllUGN COUNrRY)
`
`Route 1 , Box 90L, Al ton , NH
`
`03809
`
`[
`
`) Additional Inventors are being named on Page 2 attached.
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 characters max)
`
`m
`.. r-
`0
`
`LOCAL AREA NETWORK
`
`(LAN) TELEPHONE INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`WEINGARTEN, SCHURGIN, GAGNEBIN & HAYES LLP
`Ten Post Office Square
`Boston , Massachusetts 02109
`
`ZIP CODE:
`
`02109
`
`COUNTRY : United States
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS
`
`(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
`
`~~
`~
`F.
`=
`~
`\k,j
`•
`Q
`~~
`F;STATE : Massachusetts
`w
`
`~ £
`::::
`Fi
`!d
`•
`
`[X] Specification
`
`:-.rurnber of pages
`
`[X] Drawing(s)
`
`.
`
`Number of sheets
`
`[17]
`
`[15]
`
`[X)
`
`Small Entity Scatement
`
`[
`
`l Other (specify)
`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT
`
`(CHECK ONE)
`
`[X ] A check in the amount of $75.00 is enclosed to cover the Provisional Filing Fee
`
`[
`
`l The Corrrnissioner is hereby authorized to charge filing fees and credit Deposit Account Number 23- 0804
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`SIGNATURE CM/~ DATE _ _ J~/!;-1-·/o_· 0 _
`
`_
`
`TYPED or PRINTED NAME Christopher J. Lutz
`
`REGISTRATION NO .
`
`44 , 883
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FILING ONLY
`
`Express Mail No: EL418425219US
`
`219847
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0001
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`f
`.. -
`01/2000 FORM 10
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`APPLICANT:
`
`Steven A. Rogers
`
`ATTORNEY
`DOC.KET NO.: CETA-003Xq800
`
`APPLICATION NO.:
`
`FILED:
`
`HEREWITH
`
`PATENT NO.:
`
`EXAMINER:
`
`GROUP NO.:
`
`ISSUED:
`
`ENTITLED:
`
`LOCAL AREA NETWORK
`
`(LAN) TELEPHONE INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
`
`(li
`0
`!="'
`
`ffl -
`
`VERIFIED STATEMENT AS SMALL ENTITY
`
`Ass~stant Commissioner for Patents
`Was~ngton, D.C.
`20231
`~
`1fi
`Sir:'
`;
`0 THE UNDERSIGNED DECLARES:
`ru
`F'
`ExcI'D.sive rights in the a:Oove-identified invention reside in the •small entity(ies)" defined
`and~named below or in a Verified Statement as Small Entity filed by other such small
`entWy(ies), and "small entity" fees are appropriate. Qualification as a small entity is based
`upo~the appropriately checked statements below:
`
`( ]
`
`INDEPENDENT INVENTOR(S}
`
`The below- signing
`independent
`inventor(s) has
`(have) not assigned, granted, conveyed or
`licensed, and is (are) under no obligation under contract or law to assign, grant, convey or
`license any rights in the invention to any person who could not likewise be classified as an
`independent inventor under 37 CFR 1. 9 (c) if that person had made the invention, or to any
`concern which would not qualify as a small business concern under 37 CFR 1.9(d) or a nonprofit
`organization under 37 CFR 1 .9 Cel .
`
`[X]
`
`SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN
`
`The below-identified small business concern qualifies as a small business as defined in
`13 CFR 121.1301
`through 121.1305, and reproduced in 37 CFR 1. 9 (d), for purposes of paying
`reduced fees under Section 41(a) and (b) of Title 35,
`in
`that
`the number of employees,
`including those of ics affiliates, which does not exceed 500 persons, and it has not assigned,
`granted, conveyed or licensed, and is under no obligation under contract or law to assign,
`grant, convey or license, any rights in the invention to any person who could not be classified
`Express Mail Nu mber
`E.L'-\ \ ~t..\d.5Ci\~ 0S
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0002
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`f
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`r ..
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`01/2000 FORM 10
`
`rr<;Un UOJe Cl.1ve 1..ommun1cal. 1ons
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`I U
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`Sb.et 2 of 2
`
`Attorney
`Docbt •o.: CBTA-003Xq$00
`
`Concerns are affiliates of each other when, either directly or indirectly, one concern controls
`or has the power to con~ol the other, or a third party controls or bas the power to control
`The n\llnber of eni;ployees of the business concern is the a verage over the f i scal year o f
`both -
`the perDons employed during each of the pay periods of the fiscal year. Eirployees are those
`persons employed on a f ull - time, part- ti.me or te:rupor~zy basis during the previous fiscal yeac
`of the concern.
`
`[ 1 ~:IT ORGA!fizATl:ON (Check additional applicable box.)
`
`The below- identified nonprofit organization q:ualifies as a 911\all entity under 37 CPR L9(e) in
`that i t constitutes ~
`a university or other instituti on of higher education located in any country; or
`
`1.
`
`(
`
`)
`
`(
`
`]
`
`an organization of the type described in Section 501.lc) (3) o f the Internal Revenue
`(26 use 501 (c)(J)) end exen"Pt f rom taxation imder Section 501 (a) or
`Code of 1 954
`the :Internal Revenue Code (26 use: 501.(a}); or
`
`(
`
`)
`
`any nonprofit eci entific or educational orc;rcmization qualified under a nonprtJfj t:
`organi2aticm statute of a state of the Uni ted States (35 USC 201(ill~ or
`
`(
`
`)
`
`located in a for eign countzy Wllich woul.d qualify o.s a
`any nonprof i t organization
`:H : 1 t were
`( 3) of Rul.e 1. 9
`nonprofi t organization under p &r<!lgraphs ( e) (2) or
`·
`loca ted in the Uoited States.
`De und.9raigDIM! e.ckamr'l.ag.• the ditty · to fi1•, ill tlds .:pp1icatioa. or patent, DDti.£J.cat:ion of
`~ chulO'e in atatua re.au1tJ;pg i.u 1o•• of cmt:i.ti-= to - 1 1 eDU~ statu• prior to pqing,
`~ . a.t the thla of ~. the ee.rli•at of th.a i•JNe fee or u:q -U.teuana• r . . tlll• &ft•r tbo
`a 881&11 ent:U:y i• DO lc;mqer a,ppxapri.ate {37 era .1.28(b)}.
`~te on aieh atatus -
`~
`bl1°"'-signin17 i.Dllivida.al. her.Dy Q.ecl.are~ tl!.at be b autharued to eaecut• this atat-.n.t on
`•
`a:leba>t of tJae ..all entit:y.
`
`Name of Slnall Entity: (Small Business)
`Cetacean Networks
`Address o t Small Entity: (Street, City, St4te er CO\mtry, Zip Code)
`03802
`Box 6618 , Port6'1DOuth, New Hampshir e
`Name of Person Signing; (small Business)
`Steven A- Rogers
`T:l t la of F~~son S i gning, {Small Business)
`Chief Executive Of ficer
`
`Signature; m-··~ ""==t ink. )
`x
`
`Date eiguedi
`x ~~b ~ZOO'D
`
`219846
`
`TOTAL P.02
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0003
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
`TELEPHONE INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
`
`Inventor:
`
`Steven A. Rogers of Alton, NH
`
`Assignee:
`
`Cetacean Networks, Inc. of Portsmouth, NH
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An apparatus and method is provided for a user instrument, which makes voice telephone calls over a
`local area network (LAN) data network. The instrument described will digitally encode the acoustic
`f1"1 voice sounds and transmit them as data, over the LAN, which is typically Ethernet-based. The
`instrument will also simultaneously receive LAN data packets and decode them, translating the data
`;
`~= into acoustic audio voice sounds, for the user. The LAN telephone will physically resemble older,
`~ wire line telephone instruments but internally will operate quite differently. All communications with
`~: the network will occur through the use of the LAN. For previous telephones, connected to PBX or
`;,.,. telephone switches, the data transfer is accomplished with analog voice signals or digital data
`~ conducted over dedicated wiring to a dedicated switch port. With the LAN telephone, the data for
`~ call control and for voice signals will be transmitted through the LAN. This LAN telephone adds
`'.!3 several new capabilities. First, the LAN telephone will use a unique packet scheduling technique to
`:_ prevent packet collision, delay or loss. This scheduling technique relies on time of transmission and
`~ arrival to switch packets, and to prevent packet collision. Second, this LAN telephone receives its
`f"ki power via the data switch, using LAN wiring. In this way it does not require a separate power supply
`~=· and may be operated during a power outage. Third, the LAN telephone has a means for attaching
`~ peripheral devices using an electronic interface system. This means provides an ability to add new
`G capabilities to the existing telephone instrument. Fourth, the LAN telephone has an internal system
`C= for allowing the telephone to be moved, from one connection to another, without changing the
`telephone number. Fifth, the LAN telephone features a system for changing automatically, the
`internal control software of the instrument, or of any connected peripherals. This ability makes it
`possible to add new features or to change features, remotely. Sixth, the LAN telephone has a system
`for connecting an external "speaker-phone" system. This ability gives the telephone instrument's
`user the ability to place the voice audio source and pickup in a location that is convenient to the user
`and not necessarily co-located with the instrument itself
`
`Express Mail Number
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0004
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`LOCAL AREA NElWORK (LAN)
`TELEPHONE INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Technical Field
`This invention relates generally to a telephone instrument that is directly connected to a
`data LAN (Local Area Network).
`2. Related Information
`Telephone systems for business use normally consist of a central switch or Private
`Branch eXchange (PBX (16)), illustrated in Figure 2, which connects to telephones throughout
`the business via a twisted pair wire (14, 15). This system configuration is depicted in figure 2.
`In most cases the PBX will use a single twisted pair cable to connect with the telephone
`instrument ( 14). The telephone PBX sends and receives signals, to the telephone instrument via
`Cf\a frequency translated modem system.
`The typical PBX system uses dedicated wiring which consists of multi-pair cables,
`0
`~connected to the PBX (15). These multi-pair cables are connected to punch-down blocks (12).
`~ The punch-down blocks are normally placed in a closet on the floor of the office building, near
`C the telephone instruments. The individual station cables ( 14) are also connected to the punch(cid:173)
`~ down blocks. The station cables (14) lead to the wall jacks (1 1). The telephone instruments
`~(10,13) are connected to the system via a cable (18) to the wall jack (1 1). The telephones are
`~"" powered via a DC current that 1s carried by the same pair as that used for signaling. Telephone
`~calls are made outside the premises via a Wide Area Network (WAN) link (17) connected to the
`'"' 1,PBX unit ( 16). The WAN link is often a multi-channel circuit, such as a "Tl" or a "PRI."
`The typical PBX system requires dedicated wiring. It does not co-exist with the data
`ill
`b LAN that is common in most businesses. Thus, two wiring networks are normally required
`,.,,,
`'--' within an office building, one for data and one for telephones.
`A new technique for creating a " virtual" PBX is becoming popular. In this technique, the
`telephone instrument uses a common Ethernet LAN cable, instead of a single twisted pair cable,
`to communicate with the PBX. A typical LAN telephone system is illustrated in figure 3. In
`this case, the PBX is a actually a server (27) with switch control software that is connected to
`the LAN. The telephones (21, 23) are now Ethernet LAN devices that also communicate over
`the LAN. Thus the telephony application, consisting of telephones (21, 23, 25), and a telephony
`server (27), attached to a WAN interface (28) can utilize the same switch (22) as do the
`businesses' computers (24) and network data servers (26). The advantage of this architecture, the
`LAN-PBX, is that the telephones can use the same wiring and data switches as the LAN data,
`and thus result in increased flexibility and lower cost.
`A serious problem with the LAN-PBX is that telephony data has different delivery
`requirements than normal computer and server data. Telephony data must be delivered on-time
`(within a few milliseconds), and without delay, on a continuous basis. Normal computer data can
`usually suffer delays of a few hundred milliseconds without difficulty. Delays of this magnitude
`(a few hundrt"d millist"\Ond~) are- rommon in rnmputt"r networks. They occur hec~u~e computer
`
`p,..,,.?
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0005
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`data is transmitted at a variable and unpredictable rate. There can be momentary blockages and
`congestion, even though the network has adequate average bandwidth.
`LAN-PBX systems attempt to solve this problem by giving telephony data priority over
`computer data. In the event of data congestion, telephony data is passed ahead of computer data.
`This priority system can work when only one telephone has data is present on a given circuit.
`However, when that circuit must cany multiple telephone connections, the congestion problem
`can arise again. This happens because multiple packets with equivalent priority give no means
`for arbitration. Consider the Telephony Server Link (30) shown in figure 3. When multiple
`telephone calls are placed to the WAN interface they will all pass through the same link. In this
`case, different telephony data packets all have equivalent priority. The priority mechanism then
`cannot distinguish between them and they can then interfere with one another.
`Another problem with the LAN-PBX is that Ethernet cables and switches make no
`provision for providing power. In an Ethernet-based system the power is provided, by a
`separate telephone power supply (29), at each station or instrument. As a result, it is difficult to
`Ci operate the entire network, in the event of a power outage. The user must provide backup power
`C at each instrument, instead of centrally, as is the case with a typical PBX system.
`Also, both PBX and LAN-PBX systems have difficulty supporting multiple types of
`~
`~ instruments, in a flexible manner. Some instrwnents need many features, others need only basic
`Ci capabilities. There is no convenient way to extend or modify an instrument's behavior without
`;,U complete replacement. That is, accessories are rarely supported.
`Typical PBX systems (Figure 2) suffer from another problem. The telephone number of
`~
`~ a particular handset is detennined by the circuit jack, to which it is attached. This is
`..
`n 1 inconvenient, as users may need to move a handset from one jack to another. In this case, the
`C typical PBX user must reconfigure the switch.
`Finally, the LAN telephone is operated by internal control software. This software is
`W
`0 normally installed separately in each instrument. This makes updates and corrections difficult,
`0 since each instrument must be reloaded individually.
`The objective of this invention is to solve these problems.
`
`~
`
`P:ao r 1
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0006
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention describes a LAN telephone instrument. This LAN telephone uses a Time(cid:173)
`based Routing (TBR) technique to schedule packets of voice-telephony data. In this way the
`problems of multiple LAN telephone instruments sending contending or colliding packets is
`avoided.
`The invention also describes a system for providing power for the instrument by deriving
`the power from the LAN cable. This allows the LAN telephone to be centrally powered.
`The invention describes a system for attachment of telephone accessories, thereby
`extending the functional capability of the LAN-telephone. One accessory, an operator console is
`described in detail.
`The invention also describes a technique for providing a remote switch with automatic
`location of the instrument, and automatic direction of calls thereto.
`The invention also describes a system for remote configuration of the control program of
`Cl the LAN telephone, using the LAN itself to provide the data connection.
`The invention also describes a speakerphone accessory, which is used to conduct "hands-
`C
`t: rree" conversations. The speakerphone accessory features a novel beam-steering method, which
`~ is optimized for use in a small office.
`,..,
`~ ..
`i.O
`\OBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG 1 shows a physical depiction of the LAN telephone, with an operator console
`accessory unit, and an internal speakerphone unit.
`FIG 2 depicts a typical Private Branch Exchange (PBX).
`FIG 3 depicts a typical LAN-PBX system
`FIG 4 shows the timing for the packet scheduling via Time Based Routing (TBR).
`FIG 5 depicts a typical internal block diagram for the LAN - Telephone.
`FIG 6 depicts a typical schematic diagram showing the LAN telephones' external power
`system.
`FIG 7 (a), (b) shows a typical schematic diagram of the accessory power system and
`interface system.
`FIG 8 shows a typical block diagram of the operator console accessory unit.
`FIG 9 (a), (b), (c), (d) shows a software flowchart and entry fields of an automatic
`identification system for the LAN telephone.
`FIG 10 shows a software flowchart of the control program change system.
`FIG 11 shows a physical depiction of the external speakerphone pod.
`FIG 12 shows a block diagram of the speakerphone pod.
`FIG 13 illustrates the beam-steering technique in the speakerphone pod.
`
`p,..,,.4
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0007
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`R!
`
`Figure 1 shows a physical representation of the LAN telephone. It has a base unit (6)
`that contains the electronics circuitry necessary to provide the functions described herein. It also
`supports an individual handset (2), an internal speaker, for speakerphone functions, and a status
`display (3) for user status infonnation. The Base unit (6) is connected to the data switch via the
`LAN cable ( l ), by means of the nonnal data cable infrastructure, such as shown in figure 3. An
`accessory connector (4) is provided on each side of the base unit. Using the accessory
`connectors, it is possible to add a variety of accessory devices, including an operator console (7)
`and an external speakerphone.
`The internal circuitry of the base unit is illustrated in Figure 5. The LAN phone is
`implemented as a microprocessor system. The microprocessor (74) is attached to a parallel bus
`~(76), which provides interface via address and data lines. In this embodiment, the microprocessor
`wis a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), using a 16 bit wide data bus. The parallel bus
`~(76) is connected to Read Only Memory (ROM) (56), Flash Memory (57), and Read And write
`?:Memory (RAM) (58). The parallel bus (76) also connects to the USB interfaces (55), the input
`!=and latches (60) and output latches (62). The bus (76) connects to the LAN Media Access
`~Controller (64), the text display (63) and the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) (75).
`The organization of the LAN telephone hardware permits the features of the telephone to
`~
`a be implemented with control software. The microprocessor (74) uses three types of memory,
`WROM (56), Flash (57) and RAM (58). The ROM (56) is used to store the microprocessor's
`~basic initialization program. When the LAN telephone is powered on, usually by attachment to
`~the powered LAN cable (I), the microprocessor will first execute control code from the ROM
`f,}(56). This program will cause the microprocessor to initialize all of the hardware peripherals,
`Qsuch as the MAC (64), and the output latches (62). It will perform a self-test of the telephone.
`This includes checking the microprocessor itself, testing the RAM (58) and performing a read
`Checksum of the ROM (56) and the Flash memory (57). The ROM (also contains instruction
`programs to enable a new load of the Flash memory from the LAN MAC ( 64 ).
`One of the indicators (a light emitting diode (LED)) is placed on the bottom of the LAN
`telephone, near the LAN connector. This LED is attached to a flip-flop register that
`automatically resets itself on each power up. That caused the LED to tum on. As the
`microprocessor finishes its self-test, it will toggle the "set" line on the flip-flop register by
`activating one bit port on the output latch (62). This action will cause the indicator to turn off.
`In this way the telephone's main electronics module can indicate if it is functioning properly.
`The microprocessor's ROM instructions will also display an "OK" message in the text display.
`However, in the event of the test display malfunction, the LED indicator will still operate.
`When the microprocessor (74) has finished executing the control program in the ROM
`(56), it will then transfer its source of control program to the Flash memory (57). The main body
`of the LAN telephone instruction program is kept in the flash memory (57). Flash memory has
`the nhility to hnve its contents updnted or replnced. ln this wny, the LAN telephone can be given
`a new capability. Conversely, a fault in the control program can be repaired, by storing a new
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0008
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`~::f
`
`program into the Flash memory (57). [fthere is no program loaded in the flash memory (57) or if
`the program in flash does not yield a proper error check, then the microprocessor will enter an
`idle state. In this state, the microprocessor will await a new control program from the LAN
`switch.
`The RAM memory (58) is used for the storage of program variables and state changes.
`The RAM (58) may have part or all of its memory protected via a "battery backup" . In this way
`variables can be stored through a power failure.
`The LAN telephone communicates with other LAN telephones via the LAN. It uses the
`LAN MAC (64) to send and receive packets of data in Ethernet format. The LAN MAC (64) is
`connected to the LAN cable using a PHYsical (PHY) Interface (65). The PHY (65) provides the
`level and impedance translation, and other signal conditioning needed to send packets over a
`twisted pair cable. The PHY is connected to the LAN Connector (67). This is a normal "RJ"
`style connector. The PHY uses two twisted pair cables, in the bundle, one for transmit and one
`is for receive data
`The LAN Telephone obtains its operating power from the LAN cable (1), through the
`bj LAN Connector (65). This system makes use of other, normally unused pair in the cable bundle
`f::!: to send power from the LAN switch. The power is conditioned and voltage translated via the
`w Power circuit (66). This circuit is described in Figures 6 and 7 and described later in this
`.-
`= disclosure.
`The LAN Telephone (6) has user buttons, or key switches (59). These are operated by
`~ the user, to dial calls and to access the features of the telephone. The states of the switches are
`~ determined by the microprocessor (74) as it reads the contents of the input latches (60). The
`latches are, in-tum connected to the key switches (59). A common technique is to place the key
`f U bj switches in a matrix and to power one side of the matrix with output latches. In this way, more
`key switches can be accommodated, for a given number of input latch ports. The microprocessor
`=
`Ci (74) will read the keys periodically, usually at a time determined by an internal interrupt. It will
`=
`~ reject spurious key transitions and only accept ones that are active for a minimum period.
`The LED indicators on the telephone are used to display call status. The microprocessor
`(74) will change these indicators, as needed via commands to the Output Latches (62).
`The Text Display (63) in this embodiment, is a two-line Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
`(3) and (63). The display (63) receives power from the circuit card. The microprocessor (74)
`will write to the display messages for assistance to the user.
`Accessories are connected to the LAN Telephone via a modified Universal Serial Bus
`(USB) interface. This interface is effected via USB controllers (55) which are connected to the
`microprocessor bus (76). The microprocessor may send and receive messages and commands to
`accessories via the USB interface. The USB Controllers (55) are connected to the Left (53) and
`Right (52) Accessory connectors via a power conditioning circuit (54).
`Connection to the Telephone Handset (2) is made via the DSP (75). The DSP is an
`integrated processor that is optimized for manipulating analog signals that are translated into
`digital form . The DSP (75) is connected to the Microprocessor Bus (76). In this embodiment,
`the DSP has an internal dual-port RAM, which is connected to the DSP core processor and to
`the microprocessor bus (76). Jn this way, the DSP may be commanded and its control program
`loaded by the microprocessor, out of the Flash Memory (57). In this embodiment, the DSP (75)
`
`ZTE/SAMSUNG 1013-0009
`IPR2018-00111
`
`

`

`also has an internal ROM, which can contain the basic "Boot" program of the DSP. After
`initialization, the DSP provides a message, via its dual-port memory, to the microprocessor (74),
`which indicates that it is ready to accept its control program. This program is loaded into the
`DSP memory, by the microprocessor (74), prior to the LAN telephone entering the "Ready"
`state. In the Ready State, the LAN telephone is ready to accept and place telephone calls.
`The DSP (75) is connected to the analog inputs and outputs via Analog to Digital (A to
`D) and Digital to Analog (D to A) Converters (73). These converters (73) translate the analog,
`voltage-based signal into a digital one. In this implementation, the A-D and D-A converters are
`combined into one package, providing two-way translation. The Handset (2), Headset (not
`shown) and Internal Speaker and Internal Microphone (5) are connected to the base unit via the
`Handset Connector (71), and the Headset Connector (70). The internal speaker (69) and the
`Internal Microphone (68) are directly connected to the DSP (75) via Signal Conditioning element
`(72). The signal conditioning element (72) aJso provide interface between the Handset Connector
`(71) and Headset Connectors (70). The Signal Conditioning (72) provides signal limiting, gain or
`ITT attenuation, filtering, and power, as needed
`w
`To initiate or receive telephone calls, the LAN Telephone will receive control messages
`~ from the switch or telephone server, via the LAN. These messages and responses are used to
`~ initiate telephony sessions. When the call is in progress, the audio speech is picked-up by the
`~ Handset (2) microphone, conveyed through conditioning (72), to the A-D converter (73 ), to the
`~Ei DSP (75). This speech is sampled and converted to a stream of digital numbers. Each number
`Ji represents the voltage of the microphone speech signal. The DSP (75) will then place these
`a numbers in its internal RAM and signal the microprocessor when the appropriate number of
`~ samples is ready. At this point, the Microprocessor (74) will read the numbers, place them in a
`~ LAN and IP data packet, and send them to the LAN switch, via the LAN MAC (64).
`E;; Aiternatively, the DSP (75) may employ a "compression" algorithm, whereby the number of
`f5 samples of speech signal may be reduced. In this case the microprocessor (74) will have a smaller
`Q set of data items to transmit to the distant telephone. These compression algorithms have many
`varieties and are usually standardized. The effectiveness of the algorithm in compression is
`usually inversely proportional to the quality of the speech, after it is "de-compressed" by the
`distant telephone. While the Microprocessor (74) is accepting speech sample data from the DSP
`(75) and sending it to the distant telephone via the LAN MAC (64) and LAN switch, it must
`also perform the receive function. That is, the Microprocessor (74) wiU simultaneously receive
`data packets, from the distant telephone. via the LAN switch and the LAN MAC (64). These
`received packets will contain voice data from the distant telephone. The Microprocessor (74)
`will accept these packets and extract the voice data and then transfer the data to the DSP (75).
`The DSP will take the voice samples, if uncompressed or decompress them if not, and provide
`them to the output D-to-A converter (73), connected to the Handset (2). The receive process
`and transmit process must operate simultaneously, so that the voice samples are accepted from
`and delivered to, the A-to-D and D-to-A (73) on time. Normal, uncompressed telephony voice
`uses a sample rate of 8 kilo-hertz. Thus, the DSP has the need to receive one sample and output
`one sample every 125 microseconds, for normal telephone speech.
`Prior attempts at implementing a LAN telephone have encountered problems with packet
`contention. With this problem, various packets from other LAN users can be transmitted
`
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`simultaneously with the voice packets and thus interfere with them. The result is lost voice
`packets, which can cause a drop out in the received speech. In the LAN Telephone this problem
`is avoided by use of a LAN switch which has extended capability to handle packets with "real(cid:173)
`time" delivery needs. The LAN Telephone incorporates a system for transmitting the speech
`data packets such that they will not interfere with packets, from other real-time devices, on the
`network.
`The system is called "Packet Scheduling" and the technology upon which it is based is
`called "Time Based Routing" or TBR. In this system, the switch maintains time synchronization
`with the LAN Telephone via the transmission of a framing message. This message is used to
`"lock" the LAN Telephone's internal clock to the switches' internal clock. In this way all of the
`LAN Telephones in the system (as well as other real-time devices) will maintain synchronization
`with one another. With synchronization established, the LAN telephones can now be
`administered with a schedule for the transmission of their real-time packets.
`This schedule system is illustrated in Figure 4. A typical master frame sequence is shown
`iJ1 in figure 4(a). In this frame the slot sequence consists of 1000 slots, of one millisecond each.
`w Thus the master frame is one second long. At the end of the frame, the switch transmits a
`~ synchronization packet ( 41), to all ports. The synchronization packet ( 41) is timed to cone I ude
`~':' just as the next frame commences. Thus the synchronization packet ( 41 ), when received, allows
`F, the LAN Telephone to synchronize its internal clock and frame timing, with the LAN switch.
`~ When the LAN Telephone establishes a telephone session, it will obtain schedule information
`;JJ from the call agent, which is implemented as a server, attached to the LAN switch. The call agent
`:__ has the ability to communicate with the switch and negotiate schedules for real-time packet
`~ traffic.
`After the schedule is established, the call agent sends this schedule to the LAN
`~
`~ Telephone. The LAN Telephone now sends telephone voice packets, one or more together in a
`Q burst, at regular intervals. These packets are transmitted within the time slots, given to the LAN
`Q Telephone, by the call agent. By transmitting the packets only in the time slots authorized,
`contention between LAN Telephones is eliminated. The Call Agent will assign different time
`slots for each LAN Telephone session, which must traverse a common circuit path.
`Figure 4(b) shows a single LAN Telephone session. The call agent has assigned slots, 1,
`11, etc. to the LAN Telephone "A". Thus the voice data packets from LAN telephone "A" are
`actually transmitted at the beginning of slots 1, 11, etc. In this case there are 1 ,000 slots in the
`master sequence. The LAN Telephone is transmitting telephone voice data in an uncompressed
`format, that is, at 8 thousand samples per second This is a rate of 8 samples per millisecond.
`Thus, since I 0 milliseconds passes between time slots, the LAN telephone will accwnulate 10
`milliseconds worth of voice data between time slots. That equals 80 samples of 8 bits each or 80
`bytes, which equals 640 bits. This is well under the maximum packet size of 1518 bits, so in this
`case the entire transmission can be done with a single packet
`In Figure 4(c) the transmission of data is shown for LAN Telephone "B". In this case the
`call agent has assigned LAN Telephone "B" a different time slot sequence than LAN telephone
`"A". It is not necessary for the LAN switch, or call agent to assign different time slots to
`different LAN Telephones always. This is only needed when LAN Telephones desire a session,
`which must traverse a common circuit. On the LAN Switch all ports have two separate master
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`IPR2018-00111
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`sequences, thus a 100 port switch would actually have 200 complete time sequences available to
`assign. In the case of the example shown in figure, LAN telephones "A" and "B" will both
`communicate with the WAN link, at the same time. Thus, different time slots are needed. The
`call agent has assigned LAN Telephone "B" slots, 2, 12, etc. Notice that LAN Telephone "A's"
`packet data is not see