`
`,
`
`Mnllnnw-lllu“
`nlflllllNllllV ill
`llliNllHll ANll
`lifllllllfllll
`illlMS
`
`mm llliliun
`
`Sybil P. Parker
`Editor in Chief
`
`Auckland
`Montreal
`
`New York
`Caracas
`Bogota
`New Delhi
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`San Francisco
`Washington, DC.
`Lisbon
`“London
`Madrid
`San Juan
`.Suigapore
`Sydney
`
`Milan
`Mexico City
`Tokyo
`Toronto
`
`Cosmo Ex. 2015-p. 1
`Argentum v Cosmo
`|PR2018—00080
`
`Cosmo Ex. 2015-p. 1
`Argentum v Cosmo
`IPR2018-00080
`
`

`

`On the cover: Photomicrograph of crystals of vitamin 3,.
`(Dennis Kunkel, Unlverslty of Howell )
`
`Included in this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previously in the following works: P. B.
`Jordain. Condensed Computer Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-I-Iill, Inc. All rights reserved. J.
`Markus, Electronics and Nucleont'cs Dictionary, 4th ed., Copyright © 1960, 1966, 1978 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. I. Quick, Artists’ and lllustrators' Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary, 3d ed.. Copyright © 1956, 1972 by McGraw-Hill. Inc. All
`rights reserved. '1‘. Baumeister and L. 8. Marks, eds., Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers. 7th ed.,
`Copyright O 1958, 1967 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology,
`American Meteorological Society, 1959; (1.8. Air Force Glossary ofStandardized Terms. AF Manual 11-], vol.
`I, 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual ll-l, vol. 3, 1970; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary
`of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, lst ed., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; J. M.
`Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary ofTerms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech-
`nical Report 67158. 1967; Glossary ofAir Trafiic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary ofRange
`Terminology, White Sands Missile Range. New Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467—424; A DOD
`Glossary ofMapping, Charting and Geodetic Terms, lst ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W. Thrush, comp.
`and ed., A Dictionary ofMining, Mineral, and Related Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary,
`2d ed.. Atomic Energy Commission; F. Casey, ed.. Compilation of Terms in Information Sciences Technology.
`Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary ofStinfo Terminology, Office ofAerospace Research,
`US. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary ofElectronic, Technical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Person—
`nel, I962; ADP Glossary. Department of the Navy. NAVSO P-3097.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY 0F SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fifth Edition
`Copyright © 1994, 1989. 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
`States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no pan of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`4567890
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`998
`
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publlcatlon Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms /
`Sybil P. Parker, editor in chief..—5th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042333—4
`
`l. Science—Dictionaries.
`I. Parker, Sybil P.
`Q123.M34
`1993
`503—dc20
`
`2. Technology—Dictionaries.
`
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`INTERNATIONAL EDITION
`
`Copyright © 1994. Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill. Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-
`exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in
`North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-1 13584-7.
`
`Cosmo Ex. 2015-p. 2
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`Cosmo Ex. 2015-p. 2
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`
`

`

`948
`
`homoduplex
`
`homological algebra
`
`homoduplex [MOL BIO] A deoxyribonucleic acid duplex in
`which the nitrogenous bases of the two strands are precisely
`complementary.
`{ .hr'rmé'dihpleks )
`homodynamic
`[mv zoo] Developing through continuous
`successive generations without a diapause; applied to insects.
`{ 1hit-mo.dl'nltm-ilt ]
`homodyne reception [ELECTR] A system of radio reception
`for suppressed-carrier systems of radiotelephony, in which the
`receiver generates a voltage having the original carrier fre-
`quency and combines it with the incoming signal. Also known
`as zero-beat reception.
`{
`'hii'ma.din ri'sep'shan }
`homooclous
`[3101.] Having one host for all stages of the life
`cycle.
`[ hO'méshas }
`homoeomerous
`[nor] Having algae distributed uniformly
`throughout the thallus of a lichen.
`{
`:hc‘rmEIam-a-ras }
`Homo erectus
`[PALEON] A type of fossil human from the
`Pleistocene of Java and China representing a specialized side
`branch in human evolution.
`I ‘ho'mo a'rek-tas }
`homoerotlsm [PSYCH] Sexualdesire directed toward amem-
`ber of the same sex; usually sublimated and not expressed.
`{ :ho-mo'ero.tiz-om I
`[Mrcnonro] Bacteria that
`homo‘lermentatlve lactobacllli
`produce a single end product, lactic acid. from fermentation of
`carbohydrates.
`{ :ho-mb-far'mcn'ta-tiv {lame-basin}
`homogametlc sex [can] The sex of a species in which the
`paired sex chromosomes are of equal size and which therefore
`produces homogametes.
`[ :ha‘mo-galmed-ik 'seks ]
`homogamety [GEN] The production of homogametes by one
`sex of a species.
`( :ha-mo'ga-mcd-e }
`homogamous
`[3101.] Of or pertaining to homogamy.
`( he'mtig-a-mas ]
`[nor] Con-
`Inbreedingdue to isolation.
`homogamy [3101.]
`dition of having all flowers alike.
`{ he'miig-a-mé ]
`homogenate [3101.] A tissue that has been finely divided and
`rrtixed.
`{ ha'milj-a-not }
`homogeneity [PHYS] Quality of a substance whose properties
`are independent of position.
`[STAT] Equality of the distribu-
`tion functions of several populations.
`{
`,ht‘rma-ja‘ne-cd-e ]
`homogeneous [CHEM] Pertaining to a substance having uni-
`form composition or structure.
`[MATH] Pertaining to a group
`of mathematical symbols of uniform dimensions or degree.
`[scr TECH] Uniform in structure or composition.
`{ .hiima'je-
`rte-as ]
`homogeneous aunosphere [MBTEOROL] A hypothetical at-
`mosphere in which the density is constant with height.
`[
`.ha'
`mo'je-né'as 'at'm9.sfir]
`homogeneous catalysis [CHEM] Catalysis occurring within
`a single phase, usually a gas or liquid.
`{
`,ha-ma'jEmE-os ke'tai-
`aeses ]
`homogeneous chemical reaction [CHEM] Chemical reac-
`tion system in which all constitutents (reactants and catalyst)
`are of the same phase.
`[ .ha-ma'je-ne-ss :kem-i-kol re‘akshan }
`homogeneous coordinates [MATH] To a point in the plane
`with canesian coordinates (x,y) there corresponds the homoge-
`neous coordinates (x,,x2.x,), where xl/rc3 = x, rig/Jr, = y; any
`polynomial equation in cartesian coordinates becomes homo-
`geneous if a change into these coordinates is made.
`[ .hli-me'jé-
`né'as ké'Ord-an'ats )
`homogeneous differential equation [MATH] A differential
`equation where every scalar multiple of a solution is also a
`solution.
`{ .ha-me'je-ne-ss .dif-a'ren-chel i.kwa'zhen }
`homogeneous equation [MATH] An equation that can be
`rewritten into the form having zero on one side of the equal sign
`and a homogeneous function of all the variables on the other
`side.
`{ .hhne'jéné-os i'sz‘r-zhon }
`homogeneous function
`[MATH] A real function fixvrz.
`...,x,,)
`is homogeneous of degree r if flax,,ax2,...,ax,,) =
`a’flxlixz....,r,,)forevery real number a.
`[ ,ha-ma'jé-né-os'fank'
`shon
`homogeneous Integral equation [MATH] Anintegral equa-
`tion where every scalar multiple of a solution is also a solution.
`[
`,hil'ma'je'nE-os 'into-grol i.kwa'zhon ]
`homogeneous line-broadening [omcs] An increase be-
`yond the natural linewidth of an absorption or emission line
`which results from a disturbance (such as collisions or lattice
`vibrations) that is the same for all the source emitters.
`{
`:ho-
`mefie'né-as 'lin ,brOd-on-io }
`In human chro—
`homogeneously staining region [CYTOL]
`mosomes. an extended chromosomal segment that has a banding
`
`pattern and represents a site of gene amplification; found mostly
`in cancer cells.
`l
`.ho-meLien-e-esle {Stan-i1] ,re-jan }
`homogeneous network [comur set] A computer network
`consisting of fairly similar computers from a single manufac~
`turer.
`[ :ho-moijé-né'es 'net.work}
`homogeneous polynomial
`[MATH] A polynomial all of
`whose terms have the same total degree; equivalently it is a
`homogenous function of the variables involved.
`(
`.hii-mo'jé-
`né-os .piilrs'ndmérol l
`homogeneous radiation [PHYS] Radiation having an ex~
`tremely narrow band of frequencies. or a beam of monoenergetic
`particles of a single type. so that all components of the radiation
`arealike.
`{ .hama'je-ne-cs .rad'e'a-shon l
`homogeneousreactor
`[NUCLEO] Anuclearreactorin which
`fissionable material and moderator (if used) are intimately mixed
`to form an effectively homogeneous medium for neutrons.
`(
`,ha~mo'je-ne-as ré'ak-tor }
`homogeneous space [MATH] A topological space having a
`group of transformations acting upon it, that is. a transformation
`group, where for any two points x and y some transformation
`from the group will send x to y.
`(
`,hfime'je-ne-cs 'spas l
`homogeneous strain [MECH] A strain in which the compo~
`nents of the displacement of any point in the body are linear
`functions of the original coordinates.
`( :ho-mc .jé'né‘cs 'stran }
`homogeneous transformation See linear
`transformation.
`{ .hii‘ma'jé‘ne-as ,tranz-for'ma~shan ]
`homogenize [MET] To hold metal at a high temperature long
`enough to eliminate by diffusion any chemical segregation of
`the components.
`( ho'mlij'omlz ]
`homogenizer
`[MECH ENG] A machine that blends or emul-
`sifies a substance by forcing it through fine openings against a
`hard surface.
`( ha'mfij-elniz‘or }
`homogentisase [arocnm] The enzyme that catalyzes the
`conversion of homogentisic acid to fumaryl acetoacetic acid.
`( :hii-maijen-tesas]
`c.1180. An intermediate
`[BIOCHEM]
`homogentlsic acld
`product in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine; found
`in excess in persons with phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria.
`[ :htt-mo,jen:tiz-ik 'asod )
`homogony [nor] Condition of having one type of flower,
`with stamens and pistil of uniform length.
`{ ho'miig'o'né }
`homograft relectlon [lMMUNOL] An immunologic process
`by which an individual destroys and casts off a tissue trans-
`planted from a donor of the same species.
`[
`'ha-mograft ri'jelc
`shan I
`homegraphic transformations See Mobius transformations.
`[ :hii-molgraf'ik ltranz'fer'mt't-shonz ]
`homoiochlamydeous
`[nor] Having periamh leaves alike,
`not differentiated into sepals and petals.
`[ ho:moi-o-kla'mid-é-
`as l
`[EMBRYO] Of a determined part of an em—
`homologenetic
`bryo, capable of inducing formation of a similar part when
`grafted into an undetermined field.
`( holmoi-étjo‘ned'ik I
`homoiothermai
`[PHYSIO] Referring to an organism which
`maintains a constant internal temperature which is often higher
`than that of the environment; common among birds and mam—
`mals. Also known as wann-blooded.
`{ ho:moi-6:tharmol ]
`Homoietela [PALEON] A class of extinct echinoderms in the
`subphylurn Homalozoa.
`{ ho'moista-lo ]
`homokaryon [moon] A bi- or multinucleate cell having
`nuclei all of the same kind.
`{ .hama'kare,an ]
`homokaryosls
`[MYCOL] The condition of a bi- or multinu-
`cleate cell having nuclei all of the same kind.
`l .hii-mo.karé'6-
`sos )
`homokaryotype [GEN] A karyotype that is homozygous for
`a chromosome mutation.
`{ ,hfi-mo'kar-e-o,tip }
`homolateral
`[MED] Situated on the same side. Also known
`as ipsilateral.
`( .ha'mo'lad-o-ral ]
`homolecithal
`[CYTOL]
`Referring to eggs having small
`amounts of evenly distributed yolk. Also known as isolecithal.
`( .hibma'lcs-a'thel}
`homologation [one CHEM] A type of hydrofonnylation in
`which carbon monoxide reacts with certain saturated alcohols
`to yield either aldehydes or alcohols (or a mixture of both)
`containing one more carbon atom than the parent.
`[ hemm-
`a'gr‘rshan ]
`homological algebra [MATH] The study of the structure of
`modules, particularly by means of exact sequences; it has ap-
`
`Cosmo Ex. 2015-p. 3
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`

`macroinstruction
`
`macrosporangium
`
`1189
`
`[
`
`,mak-
`
`siderable variation of the environment, containing a variety of
`ecological niches, and supporting a large number and variety of
`complex flora and fauna.
`{ :mak~ro'hab-a,tat ]
`macrolnstructlon [COMPUT sct] An instruction in a higher-
`level language which is equivalent to a specific set of one or
`more ordinary instructions in the same language. Also known
`as macro.
`I {mak-ro-in'sn-ok-shen ]
`macrolanguage [COMPUTSCI] Acomputerlanguage thatma-
`nipulates stored strings in which particular sites of the string are
`marked so that other strings can be inserted in these sites when
`the stored string is brought forth.
`l
`'mak-erangwij I
`macro lens
`[omcs] A camera lens designed to focus at very
`short distances and to form an image as large as the subject.
`[
`'ma'kro Ilenz ]
`Maerolepidoptera [my zoo] A former division of Lepidop-
`tera that included the larger moths and butterflies.
`(
`:mak-
`ro,lep-a'dap'tra }
`macrollbrary [COMPUT SCI] A collection of prewritten Spe-
`cialized but unparticularized routines (or sets of statements)
`which reside in mass storage.
`{
`'mak-ro.li.brer-e }
`macrolide
`[one CHEM] A large ring molecule with many
`functional groups bonded to it.
`[
`'mak-ro,lid ]
`macrolide antibiotic [MICROBIO] A basic antibiotic charac-
`terized by a matirocyclic ring structure.
`[
`'maknJid ,ant-
`i.bi‘tid-ik 1
`macrolymphocyte [HIS'I‘OL] A large lymphocyte.
`ro'lim-fa.sit }
`macromastla [MED] The condition of having abnormally en-
`larged breasts.
`{ .makro'mas-tee }
`macromechanics See composite macromechanics.
`ma'kan'iks ]
`macromelia [MED] The condition of having abnormally large
`arms or legs.
`[ [malcro‘mel-ye }
`macromere [mayo] Any of the large blastomcres compos-
`ing the vegetative hemisphere of telolecithal morulas and bias-
`tulas.
`{
`'mak'r6.mir ]
`macrometeorology [mart-301101.] The study of the largest-
`scale aspects of the atmosphere. such as the general circulation._
`and weather types.
`{ [mak-r6,méd-é-a'rill-ejé ]
`macrometer
`[OPI‘ICS]
`Instrument that has two mirrors and a
`focusing telescope with which the ranges of distant objects can
`be found.
`( ma'kramed-ar l
`macromolecular
`[one CHEM] Composed of or characterized
`by large molecules.
`{ :mak-rOme'lekya-lar }
`macromolecule [one CHEM) A large molecule in which there
`is a large number of one or several relatively simple structural
`units, each consisting of several atoms bonded together.
`[ {mak‘ro'malekytll ]
`Macromonas
`[MICROBIO] Agenus of grarn—negative,chemo-
`lithotrophic bacteria; large, motile, cylindrical to bean-shaped
`cells containing sulfur granules and calcium carbonate inclu—
`sions.
`{ [mak'ro'mt'rnos]
`macromutation [can] Any genetic change that leads to a
`pronounced phenotypic alteration.
`[
`,mak-mmyti'ta-shon ]
`macrononnocyte See macrocyte.
`{ .mak-ra'nbrma,sit ]
`macronucleus
`[mv zoo] A large, densely staining nucleus
`of most ciliated protozoans, believed to influence nutritional
`aetivities of the cell.
`l {mak'ro'nli‘klé-os }
`meronutrient
`[crooner/t] An element, such as potassium
`and nitrogen, essential in large quantities for plant growth.
`{ :mak-ro'niim-ont ]
`maeroparamoter
`[courur set] The character in a macro
`operand which will complete an open subroutine created by the
`macroinstruction.
`[ ,mak-rOpa'ram-ed-erl
`Macrophage [HISTOL] A large phagocyte of the reticuloen-
`dothelial system. Also known as a histiocyte.
`{ 'mak'refij }
`macrophagy
`[3101.]
`Feeding on large particulate matter.
`i 'mak-rofl-je ]
`'nte photography of a sub-
`macrophotography [GRAPHICS]
`ject so that the final image is either unmagnifled or magnified
`to no more than 10 times the object
`l :mak-ro-fe'tfig-ro-fe ]
`macrophreate
`[th zoo] A comatulid with a large, deep
`cavity in the calyx.
`( :mak-ré'fiéfit l
`macrophyllous
`[301] Having large or long leaves.
`ro'fll~es ]
`macrophyte [acct] A macroscopic plant. especially one in
`an aquatic habitat.
`{
`'maknfit ]
`[ :makro'pin-c.koid ]
`macroplnacold See front pinacoid.
`Macroplnocytosls
`[CYTOL] A mechanism of endocytosis in
`
`[ :mak-ro-
`
`{ :malc
`
`‘
`
`
`
`{ :mak~ro'ra'tik-
`
`which large droplets of fluid are trapped underneath extensions
`(ruffles) of the cell surface.
`[ .mak-r6,pirt-e.si‘totsos l
`Macropodldae [vanr 200] The kangaroos, a family of Aus-
`tralian herbivorous mammals in the order Marsupialia.
`[ .mak-
`ro'pad'apé ]
`1. Having a large or long hypocotyl. 2.
`macropodous [nor]
`Having a long stem or stalk.
`l mak'krfipc-dos ]
`macropore [Chart] A pore in a catalytic material whose width
`is greater titan 0.05 micrometer.
`[6301.] A pore in soil of a
`large enough size so that water is not held in it by capillary
`attraction.
`{
`'mak-re.por ]
`macroporous resin [one CHEM] A member of a class of very
`small. highly cross-linked polymer particles penetrated by chan-
`nels through which solutions can flow; used as ion exchanger.
`Also known as macroreticular resin.
`[ [mak-ra1poras 'rez-an ]
`macroproceseor
`[comm scr] A piece of software which
`replaces each macroinstruction in a computer program by the
`set of ordinary instructions which it stands for. Also known as
`macrogenerator.
`[ :mak-ra'pras.es-or]
`macroprogramming [COMPUT SCI] The process of writing
`machine procedure statements in terms of macroinstructions.
`[ :mak-rfi'pro.gram-in ]
`macroprosopus
`[MED] An individual with an abnormally
`large face.
`I [mak-ro-pra‘sb-pos)
`macropsia [MED] A disturbance of vision in which objects
`seem larger than they are. Also known as megalopia.
`[ ma'kriipsére ]
`[zoo] Having large or long wings or tins.
`macropterous
`[ ma'krap-ta-ras ]
`macroreticular resin See macroporous resin.
`ya-lar 'remn }
`macrorheology [MECH] A branch of theology in which ma-
`terials are treated as homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous, and
`processes are treated as isothermal.
`[ [makvro-rc'iil‘a-jé ]
`Macroscelidea [VERT zoo] A monofamilial order of mm-
`mals containing the elephant shrews and their allies.
`(
`,mak-
`ro'sa'lid-e-e ]
`Macroscdididae [VERT 200] The single, African family of
`the mammalian order Macroscelidea.
`{ ,mak'ro-so'lid‘afit‘. }
`macroscopic [scr racrt] Large enough to be observed by the
`naked eye.
`I
`,‘mak'relskap-ik }
`macroscopic anisotropy [ENG] Phenomenon in electrical
`downhole logging wherein electric current flows more easily
`along sedimentary strata beds than perpendicular to them.
`( :mak-roisk'ap'ik .an-e'sii'trome ]
`macroscopic cross section [PHYS] The sum of the cross
`sections of an atom in a substance.
`{ :ma-kraiskap-ik 'krbs .sek-
`shon }
`macroscopic property [NUCLEO] A nuclear reactor property
`that can be treated independently of other factors.
`[THERMO]
`See thermodynamic property.
`[ :mak-reiskap-ik 'praporde ]
`macroscopic state [srar MECH] Any state of a system as
`described by actual or hypothetical observations of its macro-
`scopic statistical properties. Also known as macrostate.
`{ :makaelskapik 'stat)
`[MET] Residual stress in a metal in a
`macroscopic stress
`distance comparable to the gage length of strain measurement
`specimens and therefore detectable by x-ray or dissection tech—
`niques. Also knownasmacrostress.
`{ [makn'lskap'ik'stres]
`macroscopic theory [PHYS] A theory concerning only phe~
`nomena observable with the naked eye or with an ordinary light
`microscope. and not with the behavior of atoms, molecules, or
`their constituents which may underlie these phenomena.
`[ [mak‘relskéip'ik 'thé'e-ré }
`macroscopy [SCI TECH] The study or observation of objects
`visible to the unaided eye.
`{ ma'kras-kepé }
`macroseptum [th zoo] A primary septum in cenain antho-
`zoans.
`l [mak'ro‘sep‘tem ]
`macroskeleton [compo-r set] A definition of a macroinsttuc—
`lion in a precise but content-free way, which can be particular-
`ized by a processor as directed by macroinstruction parameters.
`Also known as model.
`[ [mak-ro'skelc'ton )
`macrosonics
`[scous] The technology of sound at signal
`amplitudes so large that linear approximations are not valid. as
`in the use of Ultrasonics for cleaning or drilling.
`[ [mak-rolsan-
`iks l
`macrosporangium [nor] A spore casein which macrospores
`are produced. Also known as megasporangium.
`{
`:mak-ro'
`spe'mn-jéom ]
`
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