`US007067952B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Neal
`
`(IO) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`Jun.27,2006
`
`(54) STATOR ASSEMBLY MADE FROM A
`MOLDED WEB OF CORE SEGMENTS AND
`MOTOR USING SAME
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Griffith D. Neal, Alameda, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Encap Motor Corporation, Alameda,
`CA (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 248 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/383,219
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Mar. 5, 2003
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2004/0034988 Al
`
`Feb. 26, 2004
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/798,511,
`filed on Mar. 2, 2001, now Pat. No. 7,036,207.
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H02K 1/18
`(2006.01)
`H02K 15102
`(2006.01)
`H02K 15/10
`(2006.01)
`U.S. Cl. .......................... 310/259; 310/42; 310/45;
`310/218
`Field of Classification Search ............ 310/42-43,
`310/45, 216-218, 254, 259; 244/432, 433,
`244/433.4; 29/596
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2,607,816 A *
`3,348,302 A *
`3,590,328 A
`3,638,055 A
`3,802,066 A
`3,827,141 A *
`
`8/1952 Ryder et al. .................. 310/42
`10/1967 Foerster ....................... 29/605
`6/1971 Frescura
`1/1972 Zimmermann
`4/1974 Barrett
`8/1974 Hallerback ................... 29/596
`
`23
`
`4/1975 Dochterman et al.
`3,874,073 A
`9/1975 Shieh
`3,908,138 A
`3/1976 Kristen et al.
`3,942,054 A
`9/1976 Sch wider et al.
`3,979,530 A
`4,015,154 A * 3/1977 Tanaka et al ................. 310/42
`4,128,527 A
`12/1978 Kinjo et al.
`4,173,822 A
`11/1979 Putterer et al.
`4,352,897 A
`10/1982 Ogata et al.
`4,365,180 A
`12/1982 Licata et al.
`4,372,035 A
`2/1983 McMillen
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`BE
`
`870878
`
`1/1979
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`entitled
`Plastics, Advertisment
`LNP Engineering
`"Konduit™ Thermally Conductive Composites," undated (2
`pages).
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner-Burton Mullins
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Steven P. Shurtz; Brinks
`Hofer Gilson & Liane
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A plurality of stator arc segments 20 are linked together by
`a phase change material 22 enabling simplified winding and
`higher slot fill. Once wound this continuous structure can be
`formed into a toroidal core 17 for a stator assembly 40 used
`to make a motor 100. In a preferred embodiment, a mono(cid:173)
`lithic body 42 of phase change material substantially encap(cid:173)
`sulates the conductors and holds the stator arc segments 20
`in contact with each other in the toroidal core 17. Hard disc
`drives using the motor 100, and methods of constructing the
`motor 100 are also disclosed.
`
`14 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`24
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 1 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,387,311 A
`4,492,889 A
`4,572,979 A
`4,643,346 A
`4,679,313 A
`4,712,035 A
`4,760,299 A
`4,801,833 A
`4,818,911 A *
`4,853,576 A
`4,858,073 A
`4,868,970 A
`4,954,739 A
`4,990,809 A
`5,008,572 A
`5,036,580 A
`5,073,735 A
`5,075,585 A
`5,121,021 A
`5,134,327 A
`5,142,103 A
`5,147,982 A
`5,191,698 A
`5,206,554 A
`5,268,607 A
`5,334,897 A
`5,345,129 A
`5,382,852 A
`5,396,210 A
`5,400,218 A
`5,414,317 A
`5,459,190 A
`5,461,772 A
`5,500,780 A
`5,506,458 A
`5,541,787 A
`5,548,458 A
`5,558,445 A
`5,579,188 A
`5,587,617 A
`5,592,731 A
`5,598,048 A
`5,610,463 A
`5,619,083 A
`5,619,389 A
`5,621,372 A
`5,633,545 A
`5,666,242 A
`5,668,427 A
`5,672,927 A
`5,675,196 A
`5,694,268 A
`5,698,919 A
`5,728,600 A
`5,729,072 A
`5,729,404 A
`5,742,450 A
`5,751,085 A
`5,751,514 A
`5,766,535 A
`5,783,888 A
`5,806,169 A
`5,814,412 A
`5,850,318 A
`5,859,486 A
`5,875,540 A
`5,880,179 A
`5,881,447 A
`5,898,252 A
`5,918,360 A
`5,942,824 A
`
`6/1983 Kobayashi et al.
`1/ 1985 Fukushi et al.
`2/ 1986 Haar et al.
`2/ 1987 Gotoh
`7/1987 Schultz et al.
`12/1987 Forbes et al.
`7 I 1988 Dickie et al.
`1/1989 Dye
`4/ 1989 Taguchi et al. ............. 310/259
`8/1989 Mayumi et al.
`8/ 1989 Gregory
`9/ 1989 Schultz et al.
`9/ 1990 Schultz et al.
`2/ 1991 Artus et al.
`4/ 1991 Marshall et al.
`8/1991 Foxetal.
`12/1991 Takagi
`12/1991 Teruyama et al.
`6/1992 Ward
`7/1992 Sumi et al.
`8/ 1992 Stine
`9/ 1992 Steffen
`3/ 1993 Sumi et al.
`4/ 1993 Perrot
`12/1993 McManus
`8/ 1994 Ineson et al.
`9/1994 Molnar
`1/1995 Yuhi et al.
`3/1995 Purohit et al.
`3/1995 Val
`5/1995 Reid et al.
`10/1995 Nakamura et al.
`10/1995 Puri
`3/ 1996 Boutaghou et al.
`4/ 1996 Pace et al.
`7/1996 Jabbari et al.
`8/1996 Pelstring et al.
`9/ 1996 Chen et al.
`11/1996 Dunfield et al.
`12/1996 Dunfield et al.
`1/ 1997 Huang et al.
`1/1997 Dunfield et al.
`3/1997 Dunfield et al.
`4/1997 Dunfield et al.
`4/1997 Dunfield et al.
`4/ 1997 Purohit
`5/1997 Albrecht et al.
`9/1997 Edwards et al.
`9/ 1997 Morita
`9/ 1997 Viskochil
`10/ 1997 Huang et al.
`12/1997 Dunfield et al.
`12/1997 Ohara
`3/ 1998 Saxelby, Jr. et al.
`3/1998 Hirano et al.
`3/1998 Dunfield et al.
`4/ 1998 Moser
`5/ 1998 Hayashi
`5/ 1998 Hyde et al.
`6/1998 Ong
`7/1998 Yamano
`9/1998 Trago et al.
`9/1998 Terada et al.
`12/1998 Dunfield et al.
`1/1999 Nakahara et al.
`3/ 1999 Sargeant et al.
`3/ 1999 Ito et al.
`3/1999 Molnar
`4/ 1999 Tanaka et al.
`7/1999 Forbes et al.
`8/1999 Shioya et al.
`
`5,949,172 A
`5,958,466 A
`5,973,424 A
`5,982,057 A
`5,986,365 A
`5,986,377 A
`5,990,247 A
`6,002,185 A
`6,019,516 A
`6,020,661 A
`6,034,841 A
`6,043,583 A
`6,049,153 A
`6,071,014 A
`6,075,304 A
`6,081,059 A *
`6,111,334 A *
`6,153,959 A
`6,163,952 A
`6,167,610 Bl
`6,201,334 Bl
`6,265,800 Bl
`6,265,804 Bl
`6,300,695 Bl
`6,362,554 Bl
`6,437,464 Bl
`6,501,616 Bl
`6,617,721 Bl
`6,658,721 Bl *
`6,753,628 Bl
`6,844,636 Bl
`6,892,439 Bl
`6,911,166 Bl
`6,941,640 Bl
`2003/0081347 Al
`2005/0134124 Al
`
`9/1999 Katagiri
`9/1999 Ong
`10/1999 Engelberger et al.
`11/1999 Imada et al.
`11/ 1999 Kuwert et al.
`11/1999 Yamada et al.
`11/1999 Terada et al.
`12/1999 Nakao et al.
`2/2000 Leuthold et al.
`2/2000 Trago et al.
`3/2000 Albrecht et al.
`3/2000 Kurosawa et al.
`4/2000 Nishiyama et al.
`6/2000 Lee et al.
`6/2000 Nakatsuka
`6/2000 Hsu ........................... 310/179
`8/2000 Horski et al ................ 310/254
`11/2000 Lorenzo
`12/2000 Takehara
`1/2001 Nakahara et al.
`3/2001 Sargeant et al.
`7/2001 Kimura et al.
`7/2001 Nitta et al.
`10/2001 Neal
`3/2002 Neal
`8/2002 Neal
`12/2002 Neal
`9/2003 Neal
`12/2003 Kazama et al. ............... 29/596
`6/2004 Neal
`1/2005 Lieu et al.
`5/2005 Neal et al.
`6/2005 Neal
`9/2005 Neal et al.
`5/2003 Neal
`6/2005 Lieu
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`BE
`DE
`EP
`EP
`FR
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`SU
`SU
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`3/1982
`891258
`3/1977
`25 39 492 Al
`12/1996
`0 747 943 A2
`12/1998
`0 883 171 Al
`12/1990
`2 647 958
`* 8/1988
`11-38937
`04295256 A * 10/1992
`05336722
`12/1993
`3/1998
`10070870
`10/1998
`410271719
`3/1999
`11082508
`8/1987
`1334297
`7 /1989
`1494148
`WO 92/06532
`4/1992
`WO 96/20501
`7 /1996
`WO 96/33533
`10/1996
`WO 97/39870
`10/1997
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Product Information from Dupont Engineering Polymers
`entitled "Electrical/Electronic Thermoplastic Encapsula(cid:173)
`tion," undated, Pub!. Reorder No.: H-58633 (R, 96.7), 20
`pages.
`LNP Engineering Plastics, Press Release entitled "LNP
`Introduces First-Ever Line of Thermally Conductive Com(cid:173)
`pounds," Jan. 28, 1999 (2 pages).
`Buchanan Motor Works, Inc., article from the Internet
`entitled "Epoxy Seal-Prevents Down Time and Keeps
`Equipment Running Longer," Jul. 14, 1999, <http://www.
`bmwworks.comNIP.htm>, 1 page.
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 2 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`Page 3
`
`The Epoxylite Corporation, article from the Internet entitled
`"Vacuum Pressure Impregnation (VPI) Systems", Nov. 19,
`1999,
`<http://www.epoxylite.com/EpoxyliteEquipment.
`htm>, 3 pages.
`
`Neeltran Inc., article from the Internet entitled "Vacuum
`Pressure Impregnation (VPI)", Nov. 19, 1999, <http://www.
`neeltran. thomasregister.com/olc/neeltran/neel9 .htm>
`2
`pages.
`* cited by examiner
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 3 of 15
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.27,2006
`
`Sheet 1 of 5
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`Fl G. I
`
`FIG.2
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 4 of 15
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.27,2006
`
`Sheet 2 of 5
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`FIG.3
`
`23
`
`16
`
`I 20
`
`FIG.4
`
`FIG.5
`
`21A
`
`24
`
`22
`
`24
`
`21C
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 5 of 15
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 27, 2006
`
`Sheet 3 of 5
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`FIG.6
`
`21C
`
`FIG.7
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 6 of 15
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.27,2006
`
`Sheet 4 of 5
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`FIG. Sa
`
`61
`
`15
`
`17
`
`FIG. 8 b s,
`
`15
`
`17
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 7 of 15
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.27,2006
`
`Sheet 5 of 5
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`100~--------------------~~
`
`50
`
`FIG.10
`
`FIG.9
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 8 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`1
`STATOR ASSEMBLY MADE FROM A
`MOLDED WEB OF CORE SEGMENTS AND
`MOTOR USING SAME
`
`REFERENCE TO EARLIER FILED
`APPLICATION
`
`The present application is a continuation-in-part of appli(cid:173)
`cation Ser. No. 09/798,511, filed Mar. 2, 2001, now U.S. Pat.
`No. 7,036,207, and entitled Stator Assembly Made From A
`Plurality Of Toroidal Core Arc Segments And Motor Using
`Same, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to a stator assem(cid:173)
`bly used in a dynamoelectric machine such as a motor or a
`generator. It relates particularly to a spindle motor such as
`used in a hard disc drive, and to the construction and
`arrangement of a stator assembly made from a plurality of
`arc segments.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Computers commonly use disc drives for memory storage
`purposes. Disc drives include a stack of one or more
`magnetic discs that rotate and are accessed using a head or
`read-write transducer. Typically, a high speed motor such as
`a spindle motor is used to rotate the discs.
`In conventional spindle motors, stators have been made
`by laminating together stamped pieces of steel. These
`stamped pieces of steel are generally circular in nature, but
`also have "poles" extending either inwardly or outwardly,
`depending on whether the rotor is on the inside or surrounds
`the stator. The stamped pieces are laminated together and
`then coated with insulation. Wire is then wound around the
`poles to form stator windings.
`An example of a conventional spindle motor 1 is shown
`in FIG. 1. The motor 1 includes a base 2 which is usually
`made from die cast aluminum, a stator 4, a shaft 6, bearings
`7 and a disc support member 8, also referred to as a hub. A
`magnet 3 and flux return ring 5 are attached to the disc
`support member 8. The stator 4 is separated from the base 2
`using an insulator (not shown) and attached to the base 2
`using a glue. Distinct structures are formed in the base 2 and 45
`the disc support member 8 to accommodate the bearings 7.
`One end of the shaft 6 is inserted into the bearing 7
`positioned in the base 2 and the other end of the shaft 6 is
`placed in the bearing 7 located in the hub 8. A separate
`electrical connector 9 may also be inserted into the base 2. 50
`Each of these parts must be fixed at predefined tolerances
`with respect to one another. Accuracy in these tolerances can
`significantly enhance motor performance.
`In operation, the disc stack is placed upon the hub. The
`stator windings are selectively energized and interact with 55
`the permanent magnet to cause a defined rotation of the hub.
`As hub 8 rotates, the head engages in reading or writing
`activities based upon instructions from the CPU in the
`computer.
`Manufacturers of disc drives are constantly seeking to
`improve the speed with which data can be accessed. To an
`extent, this speed depends upon the efficiency of the spindle
`motor, as existing magneto-resistive head technology is
`capable of accessing data at a rate greater than the speed
`offered by the highest speed spindle motor currently in
`production. The efficiency of the spindle motor is dependent
`upon the dimensional consistency or tolerances between the
`
`2
`various components of the motor. Greater dimensional con(cid:173)
`sistency between components leads to a smaller gap between
`the stator 4 and the magnet 3, producing more force, which
`provides more torque and enables faster acceleration and
`5 higher rotational speeds.
`The conventional method of forming stators has a number
`of drawbacks. First, most steel is manufactured in rolled
`sheets and thus has a grain orientation. The grain orientation
`has an effect on the magnetic flux properties of the steel. In
`10 circular stamped pieces of steel, the grain orientation differs
`at different points around the circle. Compared from the
`radius line of the circle, the grain orientation is sometimes
`aligned along the radius, sometimes transverse to it, and
`mostly at a varying angle to the radius. The un-aligned grain
`15 structure of conventional stators causes the magnetic flux
`values to differ in parts of the stator, and thus the motor does
`not have consistent and uniform torque properties as it
`rotates.
`Another drawback with using circular steel pieces is that,
`20 especially for inward facing poles, it has been difficult to
`wind the wire windings tightly because of the cramped space
`to work inside of the laminated stator core. The cramped
`working space creates a lower limit on the size of the stator
`and thus the motor. The limited working space also results
`25 in a low packing density of wire. The packing density of
`wire coiled around the poles affects the amount of power
`generated by the motor. Increasing packing density increases
`the power and thus the efficiency of the spindle motor.
`An important factor in motor design is to reduce stack up
`30 tolerances in the motor. Stack up tolerances reduce the
`overall dimensional consistency between the components.
`Stack up tolerances refer to the sum of the variation of all the
`tolerances of all the parts, as well as the overall tolerance
`that relates to the alignment of the parts relative to one
`35 another. One source of stack up tolerances is from the
`circular stator body. Generally, the thickness of rolled steel
`is not uniform across the width of the roll. Sometimes the
`edges are thicker or thinner than the center. In a stator made
`from circular stamped pieces, the thicknesses of individual
`40 laminations are thus different from one side to the other.
`When stacked together, this creates a stack up tolerance
`problem. Furthermore, the circular stampings leave a lot of
`wasted steel that is removed and must be recycled or
`discarded.
`Another important factor in motor design is the lowering
`of the operating temperature of the motor. Increased motor
`temperature affects the electrical efficiency of the motor and
`bearing life. As temperature increases, resistive loses in wire
`increase, thereby reducing total motor power. Furthermore,
`the Arhennius equation predicts that the failure rate of an
`electrical device is exponentially related to its operating
`temperature. The frictional heat generated by bearings
`increases with speed. Also, as bearings get hot they expand,
`and the bearing cages get stressed and may deflect, causing
`non-uniform rotation, reducing bearing life. This non-uni(cid:173)
`form rotation causes a further problem oflimiting the ability
`of the servo system controlling the read/write heads to
`follow data tracks on the magnetic media. One drawback
`with existing motor designs is their limited effective dissi-
`60 pation of the heat, and difficulty in incorporating heat sinks
`to aid in heat dissipation. In addition, in current motors the
`operating temperatures generally increase as the size of the
`motor is decreased.
`Manufacturers have established strict requirements on the
`65 outgassing of materials that are used inside a hard disc drive.
`These requirements are intended to reduce the emission of
`materials onto the magnetic media or heads during the
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 9 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`3
`operation of the drive. Of primary concern are glues used to
`attach components together, varnish used to insulate wire,
`and epoxy used to protect steel laminations from oxidation.
`In addition to such outgassed materials, airborne particu(cid:173)
`late in a drive may lead to head damage. Also, airborne 5
`particulates in the disc drive could interfere with signal
`transfer between the read/write head and the media. To
`reduce the effects of potential airborne particulate, hard
`drives are manufactured to exacting clean room standards
`and air filters are installed inside of the drive to reduce the 10
`contamination levels during operation.
`An example of a spindle motor is shown in U.S. Pat. No.
`5,694,268 (Dunfield et al.) (incorporated herein by refer(cid:173)
`ence). Referring to FIG. 5 of this patent, a stator of the
`spindle motor is encapsulated with an overmold 42. The 15
`overmolded stator 40 contains openings through which
`mounting pins 44 may be inserted for attaching the stator
`200 to a base. U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,972 (Viskochil) (incor(cid:173)
`porated herein by reference) also discloses a spindle motor
`having an overmolded stator. One drawback with the stators 20
`described in these patents is this difficulty in winding wire
`on the poles. Another drawback is the height of the lami(cid:173)
`nation stacks. Further, the overmolds shown in these patents
`are not effective in dissipating heat or dampening some
`vibrations generated by energizing the stator windings.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,806,169 (Trago) (incorporated herein by
`reference) discloses a method of fabricating an injection
`molded motor assembly. However, neither the Trago design
`nor the other prior art designs address the problems of
`winding wire, variation in the thickness of steel used to 30
`make the stator cores and the non-uniform grain structure in
`the steel compared to the magnetic flux in the stator during
`operation of the motor.
`Some of these problems have been addressed by motor
`manufacturing methods in which individual stator arc seg- 35
`ments are made and wound with wire to form poles, and
`these segments are then assembled to form a complete stator.
`While this process allows for higher packing density, it has
`several drawbacks. Somehow the individual segments have
`to be assembled and held in place to form the stator. In 40
`addition, the individual wires of the different poles have to
`be connected together for the poles that are of the same
`phase. These numerous wires tend to get in the way during
`the assembly process, slowing down the manufacturing
`process.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,049,153 to Nishiyama describes the use of
`crimping or welding to attach segments together. This pro(cid:173)
`cess deforms the steel and reduces the level of magnetic flux
`produced by the laminations. The process also requires
`numerous wire interconnections when the poles are wound
`as discrete components, and it does not offer improvements
`in wire routing.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,729,072 to Hirano describes the use of
`welding or an adhesive to hold the segments together. A
`disadvantage of this approach is that the stator poles must be 55
`handled as separate elements during stator construction.
`This requires complicated assembly equipment and a slow
`manufacturing process.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,804 to Nitta describes the use of
`plastic insulation in combination with segmented stators. 60
`This approach does not improve on the problem of how to
`assemble and hold the individual segments in place, nor does
`it aid in connecting the various wires.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,167,610 to Nakahara describes a method
`of making a rotary motor where a length of steel strip has 65
`thin portions between blocks of pole teeth. Wire is wound on
`the pole teeth while the steel strip is straight. Later the thin
`
`4
`sections are bent to allow the poles to form a stator. One
`problem with this design is that when the thin portions are
`bent, the stress on the steel reduces the flux capacity of the
`connecting steel, forming the back iron. Also, the stamping
`of such a length of steel strip would be expensive and result
`in large amount of scrap. Thus, a need exists for a method
`of making motors overcoming the aforementioned prob(cid:173)
`lems.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`A method of making stator assemblies has been invented
`which overcomes many of the foregoing problems. In addi(cid:173)
`tion, unique stator assemblies and other components of a
`motor have been invented. In one aspect, the invention is a
`stator assembly comprising a plurality of discrete stator
`segments each at least partially encased with a phase change
`material, wherein the phase change material also comprises
`a bridge between adjacent segments to link adjacent seg(cid:173)
`ments into a continuous strip; and the linked stator segments
`being arranged and secured together to form the stator
`assembly.
`In a second aspect, the invention is a combination of stator
`arc segments and a flexible carrier used to link said stator arc
`25 segments during a winding operation comprising: a) a
`plurality of stator arc segments; and b) a phase change
`material constituting said flexible carrier adhered to the
`stator arc segments which links said segments in a uniform
`and predetermined position with respect to one another.
`In another aspect the invention is a method of making a
`stator assembly comprising: a) providing at least two stator
`arc segments linked together by a phase change material and
`each constituting a pole and having a first side surface and
`a second side surface; b) winding wire on the poles; c)
`aligning said stator arc segments to form a toroidal core,
`wherein each said side surface of one segment is in contact
`with an opposing side surface of another segment; and d)
`substantially encapsulating said toroidal core with a mono-
`lithic body of phase change material to form said stator
`assembly.
`In another aspect the invention is a method of making a
`stator assembly comprising: a) providing at least two stator
`arc segments linked together by a phase change material and
`45 each providing a pole and having a first side surface and a
`second side surface; b) winding wire on each pole of each
`arc segment; c) aligning said stator arc segments to form a
`toroidal core, wherein each said side surface of one segment
`is in contact with an opposing side surface of another
`50 segment; and d) placing a retaining member on the exterior
`of the toroidal core to unitize the structure.
`In yet another aspect, the invention is a series of discrete
`stator segments each substantially encapsulated with, and
`linked together by bridges made from, an injection molded
`thermoplastic material.
`With the unique linked but discrete segment assemblies,
`wire can be wound around the poles with a high packing
`density, yet at the same time the segments can be maintained
`in their proper order so that one continuous piece of wire can
`be used to wind all poles in the same series or phase, making
`it unnecessary to later connect wires from individual wind(cid:173)
`ings to one another. The invention provides the foregoing
`and other features, and the advantages of the invention will
`become further apparent from the following detailed
`description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in
`conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed
`description and drawings are merely illustrative of the
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 10 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`5
`invention and do not limit the scope of the invention, which
`is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF
`THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is an exploded, partial cross-sectional and perspec(cid:173)
`tive view of a conventional prior art high speed motor.
`FIG. 2 is perspective view of a stator arc segment being
`loaded into an injection mold prior to injecting a phase
`change material to make a limited series of stator arc
`segments of the present invention.
`FIG. 3 is a perspective, partial cross-sectional view of an
`encapsulated stator arc segment of FIG. 2.
`FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the encapsulated stator arc
`segment of FIG. 2.
`FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a series of encapsulated
`stator arc segments of FIGS. 2-4 linked together by a
`thermoplastic webbing.
`FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the series of stator arc
`segments of FIG. 5 during wire winding.
`FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an injection molded stator
`assembly using the linked serial of webbed stator arc seg(cid:173)
`ments of FIG. 6.
`FIG. Sa is a cross-sectional view of a toroidal core made
`from the linked series of stator arc segments after the wire
`winding shown in FIG. 5 in an injection mold assembly,
`prior to injecting a phase change material.
`FIG. Sb is a cross-sectional view of the toroidal core of
`FIG. Sa in an injection mold assembly after injecting a phase
`change material, resulting in the stator assembly of FIG. 7.
`FIG. 9 is an exploded, partial cross-sectional and perspec(cid:173)
`tive view of a motor using the encapsulated webbed stator of
`FIG. 7.
`FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a stator assembly of a
`second embodiment of the present invention using a steel
`band to unitize the webbed stator arc segments.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`A preferred embodiment of a motor of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion and portions of the motor at different stages of manu(cid:173)
`facture are shown in FIGS. 2-7 and 9. The spindle motor
`100 (FIG. 9) is designed for rotating a disc or stack of discs
`in a computer hard drive. Motor 100 is formed by using an
`injection molded stator assembly 40, that is formed by
`injection molding a plurality of stator arc segments 20 (FIG.
`2) aligned to form a toroidal core 17 (FIG. 7). Although the
`embodiment described here uses individual arc segments,
`one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that groups of
`two, three or any greater number of arc segments may be
`used. The preferred motor of the present invention may be
`smaller, has a grain structure that is more uniformly aligned, 55
`and allows for greater packing density of wire and reduces
`waste of steel in the manufacturing process, as compared
`with conventional motors, thereby increasing power and
`reducing stack up tolerances and manufacturing costs and
`producing other advantages discussed below.
`Referring to FIG. 2, a stator arc segment 20 is first
`constructed, using steel laminations 11. The stator arc seg(cid:173)
`ment 20 is made of steel pieces that are stamped out of rolled
`steel. The stamped steel pieces are arc segments, but also
`have a pole 21 extending inwardly or outwardly depending
`on whether the rotor is inside or surrounds the stator. In the
`embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the pole 21 is shown extend-
`
`6
`ing inwardly. The stamped pieces are then coated with
`encapsulating material 22 which provides electrical insula(cid:173)
`tion and laminates the pieces together to form a stator arc
`segment 20, and links other arc segments into a continuous
`5 strip via webbing 23.
`The encapsulating material 22 is preferably formed of a
`phase change material, meaning a material that can be used
`in a liquid phase to envelope the stator, but which later
`changes to a solid phase. There are two types of phase
`10 change materials that will be most useful in practicing the
`invention: temperature activated and chemically activated. A
`temperature activated phase change material will become
`molten at a higher temperature, and then solidify at a lower
`temperature. However, in order to be practical, the phase
`15 change material must be molten at a temperature that is low
`enough that it can be used to encapsulate a toroidal core.
`Preferred phase change materials will be changed from a
`liquid to a solid in the range of about 200° F. to about 700°
`F., more preferably in the range of about 550° F. to about
`20 650° F. The most preferred temperature activated phase
`change materials are thermoplastics. The preferred thermo(cid:173)
`plastic will become molten at a temperature at which it is
`injection-moldable, and then will be solid at normal oper(cid:173)
`ating temperatures for the motor. An example of a phase
`25 change material that changes phases due to a chemical
`reaction, and which could be used to form the body, is an
`epoxy. Other suitable phase change materials may be clas(cid:173)
`sified as thermosetting materials.
`As shown in FIG. 2 the segments 20 can be placed in a
`30 multi-cavity mold 28 to increase productivity. In the pre(cid:173)
`ferred embodiment the individual laminations 11 making up
`the segments are not interconnected but loosely stacked
`together before insertion into the mold 28. After the ther(cid:173)
`moplastic solidifies, the overmolded segments are ejected
`35 from their cavities. New laminations are inserted into the
`cavities and the process repeats. In the preferred embodi(cid:173)
`ment, a continuous strip of segments is formed by linking
`the webbing from successive molding operation. This is
`done by designing the tool to insert a section of the plastic
`40 webbing of the outermost segment molded in the prior cycle
`with the new laminations to be molded. When the plastic
`encapsulates the new segments it can mechanically lock
`with or, depending upon design, re-melt, the webbing from
`the prior cycle, thus making a continuous strip, as shown in
`45 FIG. 5. The series has segments 20 with poles 21A, 21B and
`21C arranged next to one another as they will be in the
`finished stator assembly.
`The stator arc segments 20 are preferably molded into a
`continuous strip where the webbing acts as a carrier to link
`50 the segments together. In the preferred embodiment the
`encapsulating material 22 forms wire retaining flanges 24 to
`prevent wire from slipping off the pole. In a preferred
`embodiment, winding posts 25 as well as webbing 23 allow
`orientation of wire as it transfers across multiple poles.
`By precisely aligning the stator arc segments 20, the
`webbing 23 can also be used to guide the wire between
`common phase poles, thus eliminating the need for inter(cid:173)
`connections commonly used on segmented stator motors.
`This greatly enhances the efficiency for winding wire 15
`60 around the poles 21 and significantly reduces the cost.
`The webbing can be deflected to allow the gap between
`adjoining poles to be increased as is shown in FIG. 6. This
`allows wire 15 to be wound around the poles 21 of the stator
`arc segments 20 using a fly winder 34 that has a set of
`65 needles 35. The wire 15 is wound around one pole 21 and is
`then wound around another pole 21 in its phase until all
`poles 21 in the same phase are wound with the same wire 15.
`
`Mitsuba - 1001
`Page 11 of 15
`
`
`
`US 7,067,952 B2
`
`5
`
`7
`Poles 21 in other phases are also similarly wound. Having
`only arc segments, rather than a full toroidal core, and
`spreading the spacing between the adjoining segments for
`needle 35 to wind wire 15 around poles 21, allows a wire
`packing density of more than 80 percent to be achieved.
`A length of connected stator segments 20 corresponding
`to the number of poles 21 required to produce the motor are
`cut from the continuous strip. The strip is then rolled into a
`magnetically inducible toroidal core 17 having a plurality of
`poles 21 thereon, and wire windings 15 which serve as 10
`conductors. To form the toroidal core 17, a side surface 16
`of each stator arc segment 20 is aligned and brought into
`contact with a corresponding side surface of another stator
`arc segment 20. In certain embodiments where a reduction
`in eddy currents is desirable, it may be preferable to separate 15
`faces 16. This could be done by using a thin film of
`encapsulation material 22 over the side surfaces 16, or the
`edges 19 of the insulator end surface (FIG. 4) could be used
`to create the gap. The wire 15 between the poles 21 of
`different stator arc segments 20 is also aligned in the toroidal 20
`core 17, following the arc of the stator arc segments 20. As
`a result, the wire in the toroidal core 17 is taught.
`As shown in FIG. 7, the toroidal core 17 is then encap(cid:173)
`sulated in a body 42. Together the toroidal core 17 and the
`body 42 make up an injection molded stator assembly 40. 25
`The body 42 is preferably a monolithic body. Monolithic is
`defined as being formed as a single piece. The body 42
`substantially encapsulates the toroidal core 17. Wires 44
`extend out of the body 42 for connection to the power source
`used to supply the motor. Substantial encapsulation means 30
`that the body 42 either entirely surr